DE202006019760U1 - Endoprothesenschaft - Google Patents

Endoprothesenschaft Download PDF

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Publication number
DE202006019760U1
DE202006019760U1 DE202006019760U DE202006019760U DE202006019760U1 DE 202006019760 U1 DE202006019760 U1 DE 202006019760U1 DE 202006019760 U DE202006019760 U DE 202006019760U DE 202006019760 U DE202006019760 U DE 202006019760U DE 202006019760 U1 DE202006019760 U1 DE 202006019760U1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
endoprosthesis
joint ball
prosthesis
stud
admission
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
DE202006019760U
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English (en)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BETHGE ZORICA
WOBST ANDREAS
Original Assignee
BETHGE ZORICA
WOBST ANDREAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BETHGE ZORICA, WOBST ANDREAS filed Critical BETHGE ZORICA
Priority to DE202006019760U priority Critical patent/DE202006019760U1/de
Publication of DE202006019760U1 publication Critical patent/DE202006019760U1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/30767Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
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    • A61F2/36Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
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    • A61F2002/30317The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2002/30326The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in height or in length
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Transplantation (AREA)
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  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

Endoprothese (1) zur zementfreien Verankerung, welche am proximalen Ende einen Kragen (2) mit einem Zapfen (3) zur Aufnahme einer Gelenkkugel tragen kann, wobei eine kragenlose Ausführung mit Zapfen (3) zur Aufnahme einer Gelenkkugel ebenfalls möglich ist, sowie Varianten mit Aufnahmen oder Ausführungen für nicht kugelige Gelenke. Dabei wird der Prothesenschaft (1) aus mehreren miteinander verbundenen, nach distal geöffneten Hohlprofilen (4) gebildet, die in Größe und Form variieren können. Diese Hohlprofile (4) sind derartig von distal nach proximal angeschnitten, dass sich die für die Implantation geforderte Form, für den jeweiligen Knochen ergibt. Durch das Anschneiden der Hohlprofile (4) ergeben sich in Implantationsrichtung liegende Schneidkanten (5). Die Hohlprofile (4) müssen so angeordnet sein, das ihre Randflächen die Oberfläche der Endoprothese in Hauptbelastungsrichtung vergrößern.

Description

  • Die Erfindung betrifft eine Endoprothese der im Oberbegriff 1 Angegebenen Art.
  • Bei den bisher bekannt gewordenen Prothesentypen handelt es sich in der Regel um Prothesen aus Vollmaterial die, die natürliche Funktionsweise des Knochens, als in sich geschlossenes elastisches System durch ihre Rigidität empfindlich stören. Bei Endoprothesen aus Vollmaterial kann eine große Oberfläche einzig über die Größe der Endoprothese selbst entscheidend beeinflusst werden, die Größe der Oberfläche ist jedoch der entscheidende Faktor für die Verteilung der auftretenden Kräfte und der dauerhaften Verankerung im Knochen. Um die Oberfläche von Prothesen zu vergrößern wurden poröse Beschichtungen eingesetzt, die aber nur minimale Oberflächenvergrößerungen bewirkten. Entwicklungen von Prothesen mit Rillen, Löchern, Stufen und Stegen zeigen, das es nötig ist Endoprothesen herzustellen die auf kleinstem Bauraum größtmögliche Oberflächen bieten. Hohlschaftprothesen unterschiedlicher Ausführung waren die logische Folge. Die meisten Versuche mit diesen Endoprothesen führten zum Misserfolg, weil die Prothesen zum Teil nur schwer zu implantieren waren oder nicht über genügend Festigkeit verfügten um den Belastungen Stand zu halten. Die Prothesen füllten sich nur schwer mit gesunden Knochengewebe und wenn doch, konnte der Knochen nur selten so gut mit Nährstoffen versorgt werden um nicht abzusterben. In den meisten Fällen wurden die Hohlräume nicht knöchern durchwachsen sondern mit Bindegewebe gefüllt. Die Folge ist eine Lockerung des Schaftes mit der Folge einer Revisionsoperation.
  • Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde bekannte Schwächen bei Endoprothesen zu eliminieren und Stärken zu nutzen, ebenso den Forderungen der Mediziner nach Knochenerhaltung nachzukommen. Wie in den Ansprüchen erkenntlich wurden diese Aufgaben gelöst. Der Prothesenschaft besteht aus in sich geschlossenen Profilen die für sich alleine bereits eine hohe Oberfläche und Festigkeit besitzen und durch ihren Verbund diese guten Eigenschaften addieren. Die Endoprothese kann ohne aufwendige Vorbereitung des Implantatlagers in die spongöse Knochenstruktur eingeschlagen werden. Dies bedeutet kurze Operationszeiten und Verkürzung der Narkosebelastung des Patienten. Um den entstehenden Druck beim Einschlagen zu minimieren sind die einzelnen Profile untereinander verbunden und sorgen so für einen Druckausgleich und eine gleichmäßige Befüllung mit Spongiosa. Die ausgebildeten Schneiden gleiten leicht durch die Spongiosa ohne zuviel der Traberkelstruktur zu zerstören. Die Öffnungen und Durchbrüche in der Endoprothese sind so angelegt das im Lastfall Spongiosa ins innere der Prothese gedrückt wird und dort für eine gute Versorgung und einen noch besseren Sitz im Implantatlager sorgt. Die geringe Traumatisierung des Knochens sorgt für kürzere Rehabilitationszeiträume. Durch ihre besondere Konstruktion kann die Endoprothese jedem Lastfall mit einer bis zu vierfach so großen Oberfläche begegnen, dies bedeutet viermal soviel angewachsener Knochen an der Oberfläche und extrem hoher Halt im Knochen. Die Prothese ist auch nach der Implantation stetig selbstbefüllend da durch Belastung die innere Struktur mit Spongiosa versorgt wird, das heißt bei eventuellen Lockerungen durch Überbelastung wächst die Prothese in Ruhephasen wieder vollständig an. Der kurz gehaltene distale Anteil der Prothese beeinträchtigt das elastische Verhalten des natürlichen Knochens nicht so sehr wie langstielige Schäfte. Bei stark osteoporotischen Knochen können die Hohlräume der Prothese mit Wachstumsfördernden Substanzen gefüllt werden um die Knochenstruktur wieder zu verstärken.
  • Die weitere Erläuterung der Erfindung erfolgt in den nachfolgenden Skizzen.
  • 1 zeigt die Ausführung als Hüftendoprothese in einer isometrischen Projektion.
  • 2 zeigt die Ausführung als Hüftendoprothes in der Vorderansicht, Seitenansicht, Draufsicht und Untersicht.
  • 3 zeigt die Ausführung als Hüftendoprothese in der Seitenansicht mit den Schnitten A-A, B-B und C-C im proximalen Schaftbereich.
  • 4 zeigt die Ausführung als Hüftendoprothese in der Rückansicht und dem Längsschnitt in Schaftachse D-D.
  • 5 zeigt die Ausführung als Revisionshüftendoprothese in einer isometrischen Projektion
  • 6 zeigt die Ausführung als Revisionshüftendoprothese mit distaler Schaftverlängerung und einer möglichen Verankerungsvariante.
  • Die 1 zeigt die seitlichen Stege (6) und die nach medial orientierten seitlichen Durchbrüche (11), die in Richtung der Hauptbelastung wirken. Die seitlichen Stege (6) verlaufen mit der Schaftachse bis in den Kragen (2) und bilden mit im einen Haken der zusätzliche Stabilität bei Belastung bietet. Der Kragen (2) trägt einen Zapfen (3) zur Aufnahme eines Kugelkopfes. Der Schaft, gebildet aus den Hohlprofilen (4), stellt in sich eine geschlossene Form dar, die nach distal geöffnet ist.
  • Die 2 zeigt die geschlossene Außenkontur der Endoprothese und ihre Öffnung nach distal. Durch die verbundenen Hohlprofile (4) ensteht ein Mehrkammersystem im inneren des Endoprothesenschaftes, welches vollständig mit Spongiosa während des Einschlagens gefüllt wird. Die Durchbrüche (9; 11; 12) zwischen den Kammern und im Schaft sorgen für einen Druckausgleich ähnlich einem hydraulischen System. Der Druckausgleich verhindert während der Implantation eine Fettembolie und nach der Implantation während der normalen Funktion eine Überbelastung des Knochens. Die Schneiden (5) im proximalen Bereich und die Verjüngung (8) am distalen Schaftende erleichtert die Positionierung des Schaftes und den Einschlagvorgang. Der Rückseitige Steg (7) erhöht die Rotationsstabilität und verstärkt die Prothesenstruktur.
  • Die 3 zeigt das innere Kammersystem aus Hohlprofilen (4; 10) des proximalen Schaftes und die seitlichen Durchbrüche (11) mit medialer Ausrichtung. Die seitlichen Durchbrüche dienen als Entlastungsventil bei Drucklasten auf den Schaft, bei Kipplasten nehmen sie Spongiosa auf um die Kammern zu befüllen oder eventuellen Knochenschwund auszugleichen.
  • Die 4 zeigt das innere Kammersystem aus den Hohlprofilen (4) und die Durchbrüche (9) durch die, die einzelnen Kammern verbunden werden. Das in Richtung der Resektion liegende Hohlprofil (13) verbindet alle anderen Hohlprofile (4) miteinander. Diese Verbindung sorgt zusammen mit den von medial kommenden Durchbrüchen (9) und den seitlichen (11) und rückseitigen (12) Fenstern für eine optimale Versorgung der Spongiosa im Kammersystem der Endoprothese und für den erforderlichen Druckausgleich. Die Kammern und die Außenseiten der Endoprothese können mit bioaktiven Substanzen beschichtet werden um ein festes einwachsen zu begünstigen Die medialen und lateralen Wände der Profile (4) verteilen den Druck der Hauptbelastung über eine ca. viermal so große Fläche als bei herkömmlichen Prothesen. Die distalen Enden der Hohlprofile (4) sind als Schneiden (5) ausgeprägt und garantieren ein leichtes Einschlagen ohne reißen und/oder quetschen der Knochenstruktur.
  • Die 5 zeigt die Möglichkeit den Endoprothesenschaft mit Hilfe einer Verlängerung (14b) weiter distal im Knochen zu verankern sollte das gewählte Implantatlager durch krankhafte Veränderungen oder Revision eines Prothesenschaftes beschädigt sein. Die Verlängerung (14b) kann bei osteoporotischen Knochen eine zusätzliche Stabilität gewährleisten, sollte die Knochenstruktur nicht mehr ausreichen die Endoprothese dauerhaft festzuhalten.
  • Die 6 zeigt die einzelnen Teile einer geschraubten und verklemmten Variante der Schaftverlängerung (14). Wobei die Schaftverlängerung das laterale Hohlprofil(10) vollständig ausfüllt und am proximalen Ende der Endoprothese mit Hilfe einer konischen Klemmschraube (14a) festgezogen wird. Zusätzliche Sicherheit bietet ein Klemmkonus am distalen Ende der Endoprothese in den die Verlängerung (14b) mit Hilfe der Klemmschraube hinein gezogen wird. Hierbei muss der Kegelwinkel der Klemmschraube (14a) größer sein als der Kegelwinkel an der Verlängerung (14b).

Claims (18)

  1. Endoprothese (1) zur zementfreien Verankerung, welche am proximalen Ende einen Kragen (2) mit einem Zapfen (3) zur Aufnahme einer Gelenkkugel tragen kann, wobei eine kragenlose Ausführung mit Zapfen (3) zur Aufnahme einer Gelenkkugel ebenfalls möglich ist, sowie Varianten mit Aufnahmen oder Ausführungen für nicht kugelige Gelenke. Dabei wird der Prothesenschaft (1) aus mehreren miteinander verbundenen, nach distal geöffneten Hohlprofilen (4) gebildet, die in Größe und Form variieren können. Diese Hohlprofile (4) sind derartig von distal nach proximal angeschnitten, dass sich die für die Implantation geforderte Form, für den jeweiligen Knochen ergibt. Durch das Anschneiden der Hohlprofile (4) ergeben sich in Implantationsrichtung liegende Schneidkanten (5). Die Hohlprofile (4) müssen so angeordnet sein, das ihre Randflächen die Oberfläche der Endoprothese in Hauptbelastungsrichtung vergrößern.
  2. Endoprothese (1) nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet das, die miteinander verbundenen Hohlprofile (4) sowohl voreinander, als auch nebeneinander und versetzt zueinander angeordnet sein können.
  3. Endoprothese (1) nach Anspruch 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet das, dass nach dem Anschneiden, resultierende Volumen den anatomischen Gegebenheiten, des zu versorgenden Knochens entspricht.
  4. Endoprothese (1) nach Anspruch 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet das mindestens ein Hohlprofil (13) in Richtung der Resektionslinie verläuft und die anderen Hohlprofile (4) miteinander verbindet.
  5. Endoprothese (1) nach Anspruch 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet das seitlich (6) und rückseitig (7) angebrachte Stege die Oberfläche vergrößern und die Struktur versteifen.
  6. Endoprothese (1) nach Anspruch 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet das, die Stege (6; 7) sich nach distal verjüngen und abflachen können und bis zum proximalen Ende reichen können.
  7. Endoprothese (1) nach Anspruch 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet das, die Hohlprofile (4) untereinander durch Öffnungen (9) verbunden sind.
  8. Endoprothese (1) nach Anspruch 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet das, mindestens eines der Hohlprofile (10) von distal nach proximal durchgängig sein kann.
  9. Endoprothese (1) nach Anspruch 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet das, der Prothesenschaft (1) seitliche Durchbrüche (11) aufweißt, die nach medial orientiert sind.
  10. Endoprothese (1) nach Anspruch 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet das, der laterale Schaftanteil mit Durchbrüchen (12) versehen sein kann.
  11. Endoprothese (1) nach Anspruch 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet das, der distale Schaftanteil durch Schlitze, Kerben oder ähnliche geometrische Veränderung derartig verändert wird das er dynamisch elastische Funktionen hat.
  12. Endoprothese (1) nach Anspruch 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet das, dass distale Ende (8) des Schaftes (1) zur besseren Implantation verjüngt ist.
  13. Endoprothese (1) nach Anspruch 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet das, dass die Endoprothese (1) sowohl spanlos als auch spanend aus biokompatiblen Werkstoffen hergestellt wird.
  14. Endoprothese (1) nach Anspruch 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet das, dass die Oberfläche der Prothese ganz oder Teilweise mit bioporösem Plasma-Spray und/oder bioaktiven Substanzen, wie zum Beispiel Hydroxylapatit Keramik beschichtet sein kann.
  15. Endoprothese (1) nach Anspruch 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet das, dass im lateralen Hohlprofil (10) eine distale Verlängerung (14) mechanisch verankert werden kann.
  16. Endoprothese (1) nach Anspruch 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet das, der nach dem Anschneiden resultierende Querschnitt in Implantationsrichtung keine instrumentelle Präparation des Implantlagers benötigt.
  17. Endoprothese (1) nach Anspruch 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet das, durch die Hohlprofile Medikamente oder medizinische Präparate zugeführt werden können.
  18. Endoprothese (1) nach Anspruch 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet das, innerhalb des Endoprothesenschaftes (1) Vorrichtungen zur Belastungsermittlung installiert werden können und diese Belastungswerte übermittelt werden.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108670503A (zh) * 2018-07-25 2018-10-19 南京医科大学附属逸夫医院 一种含有钛镍记忆合金倒刺的生物型股骨柄及其使用方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108670503A (zh) * 2018-07-25 2018-10-19 南京医科大学附属逸夫医院 一种含有钛镍记忆合金倒刺的生物型股骨柄及其使用方法

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