DE202006010679U1 - Continuously variable direct electric drive for e.g. bicycle, has motor of specific watts power to vary vehicle speed, and control and regulation unit to supply energy to motor based on pedaling force, terrain profile and vehicle weight - Google Patents

Abstract

The drive has a drive motor (1) of approximately 250 watts power to vary the speed of a vehicle e.g. bicycle. A specially programmed electronic control and regulation unit (2) supplies energy to the drive motor based on a pre-selected pedaling force, a terrain profile and a vehicle weight. The motor changes over to a generator mode in the braking operation. A sensor detects pedal activity, and an additional mechanical brake is activated to bring the vehicle to a standstill when a high pressure on a brake lever is detected by the sensor.

Description

The The invention relates to the use of a stepless electric direct drive without freewheel and mechanical transmission unit for vehicles, especially bicycles accordingly The preamble of claim 1. The inventive, stepless electric direct drive Can be used in all types of bicycles as well as in other vehicles, e.g. Wheelchairs use find.

Of the necessary effort to move unmotorized vehicles exceeds often the intended level or the individual possibilities. The force changes according to the current landscape profile, the surface structure and the mass to be moved. Through different types of supportive Drive motors and transmission gears on vehicles it is possible to adapt the necessary effort to the existing power reserves.

controls, Regulators and sensors provide for the wished Interaction between vehicle, drive and the corresponding Vehicle users.

consumer such as. the drive motor, the electronic control, sensors but also the lighting of the vehicle must be with electrical energy be supplied. Therefor is a battery necessary to be recharged accordingly.

It is known for it Vehicles such as e.g. Cycles the most different types of drive motors, gearboxes, control systems and batteries in the market.

Disadvantages of known technical Solutions:

• - Next the drive motor is usually in addition a transmission necessary to the desired speed / torque range without greater efficiency or to cover energy losses.
• - At known drive concepts is also a so-called freewheeling necessary. This ensures that in pedaling or downhill the engine rest torque (magnetic conditionally) as well as the transmission friction and transmission ratio are not overcome Need to become.
• - The existing gear and the freewheel device make drive units unnecessarily difficult and expensive.
• - The higher Weight due to gearbox and freewheeling technology requires additional kinetic energy.
• - By Transmission and freewheel device is a retrofitting of drive units on vehicles tends to be more expensive than if e.g. only one drive motor without gear and freewheel device is needed.
• - Additional Maintenance costs through gearbox and freewheel device
• - Known technical solutions also have a comparatively small radius of action.

Object of the invention:

• - Realization a stepless speed control without the need an additional one Transmission unit.
• - improvement the range of action (with the same storage capacity of the battery) compared to comparable Drive concepts.
• - reduction the system costs and thus the selling price.
• - reduction the maintenance costs
• - reduction the vehicle weight
• - The Drive concept should also for other vehicles such as e.g. wheelchairs be suitable.
• - Of the Drive kit should as possible can be easily retrofitted to appropriate vehicles.
• - Of the Engine should be released in overrun mode (for example, downhill) Restore energy can, i.e. if necessary, switch to generator mode and depending on gradient and the desired Driving speed one possible have high energy recovery efficiency.
• - Of the Drive should be in overrun mode (pedaling, downhill) as possible cause no or only minimal resistance. Nevertheless intended to be on a freewheel device, as in previously known vehicles is used, can be dispensed with.

Solution of the task:

• – Zur Energieversorgung von Antriebsmotor (1), Steuer- und Regeleinheit (2), Sensorik (4, 6, 7), optionaler Beleuchtung und anderen optionalen Verbrauchen dient ein Akku (3).
• – Der Nabenmotor (1) geht beim Bremsvorgang (Bergabfahrt) des Fahrzeuges in den Generatorbetrieb über und liefert Energie an den Akku zurück um den Aktionsradius des Fahrzeuges zu erweitern.
• – Der Nabenmotor verursacht ein sehr niedriges Rastmoment (magnetisch) und deckt den gewünschten Drehzahlbereich bei ausreichender Leistung und ausreichend hohem Wirkungsgrad ab. Ein zusätzliches Getriebe ist nicht notwendig.
• – Da kein zusätzliches Getriebe notwendig ist und der Motor zudem ein sehr niedriges Rastmoment verursacht, kann auf eine sogenannte Freilaufeinrichtung verzichtet werden.
• – Die Steuerungs- und Regeleinheit (2) ist für das richtige Zusammenspiel der verschiedenen Funktionen des Fahrzeuges verantwortlich.
• a) Sie sorgt für die gewünschte Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit abhängig von der Stellung des Geschwindigkeits-Drehgebers (5).
• b) Sie sorgt dafür, dass vom Antriebsmotor die notwendige Leistung in Abhängigkeit des Geländeprofils, des Fahrzeuggewichts und der Stellung des Tretkraftwahlschalters (4) erbracht wird.
• c) Sie sorgt dafür dass das Fahrzeug beim Anfahren, das heisst bei Betätigung des Geschwindigkeitsdrehgebers zunächst die Funktion „Anfahrhilfe" auslöst. Diese Funktion beschleunigt das Fahrzeug zunächst bis maximal 6 km/h auch ohne Betätigung der Pedale. Sobald die Pedale betätigt werden schält die Steuer- und Regeleinheit in den normalen Fahrbetrieb um, d.h. die Geschwindigkeit kann durch den Geschwindigkeitsdrehgeber weiter erhöht werden. Die Betätigung der Pedale wird durch den Sensor zur Überwachung der Tretaktivität (7) erkannt und an die Steuerung übermittelt.
• d) Die Steuerung sorgt dafür dass bei Betätigung des Bremshebel mit Sensor (6) der Nabenmotor in die Generatorfunktion umschaltet. Je stärker der Bremshebel betätigt wird umso höher ist die Bremswirkung des Generators (umgekehrtes Drehmoment) und somit die Energierückspeisung in den Akku. Soll das Fahrzeug zum Stillstand gebracht werden, wird durch verstärkten Druck auf den Bremshebel zusätzlich eine mechanische Bremse (z.B. Trommelbremse) wirksam.
• e) Die Steuerung überwacht den Füllgrad des Akkus. Sie sorgt dafür, dass stets genügend Restenergie vorhanden ist um wichtige Funktionen wie z.B. die Beleuchtung des Fahrzeuges aktivieren zu können.

The task is performed by an electric direct drive consisting of hub motor and generator unit ( 1 ), Control unit ( 2 ), Battery pack ( 3 ), Speed Encoder ( 5 ), Brake lever with sensor ( 6 ), Pedal force switch ( 4 ) and a sensor for detecting pedaling activity ( 7 ), solved with the features of claim 1.

• - For power supply of drive motor ( 1 ), Control unit ( 2 ), Sensors ( 4 . 6 . 7 ), optional lighting and other optional consumptions, a rechargeable battery ( 3 ).
• - The hub motor ( 1 ) goes during the braking process (downhill) of the vehicle in the generator mode and supplies energy to the battery back to expand the radius of action of the vehicle.
• - The hub motor causes a very low cogging torque (magnetic) and covers the desired speed range with sufficient Performance and sufficiently high efficiency. An additional gear is not necessary.
• - Since no additional transmission is necessary and the engine also causes a very low cogging torque, can be dispensed with a so-called freewheel device.
• - The control unit ( 2 ) is responsible for the proper interaction of the various functions of the vehicle.
• a) It provides the desired vehicle speed depending on the position of the speed encoder ( 5 ).
• b) It ensures that the necessary power is provided by the drive motor depending on the terrain profile, the vehicle weight and the position of the pedal force selector ( 4 ) is provided.
• c) It ensures that the vehicle triggers the "traction help" function when it starts up, ie when the speed control is operated This function accelerates the vehicle up to a maximum speed of 6 km / h without the pedals being pressed The control unit changes over to normal driving, ie the speed can be further increased by means of the speed control. The operation of the pedals is controlled by the pedal activity monitoring sensor. 7 ) and transmitted to the controller.
• d) The control ensures that when the brake lever with sensor ( 6 ) the hub motor switches to the generator function. The stronger the brake lever is actuated the higher the braking effect of the generator (reverse torque) and thus the energy recovery in the battery. If the vehicle is to be brought to a standstill, an additional mechanical brake (eg drum brake) is activated by increased pressure on the brake lever.
• e) The controller monitors the charge level of the battery. It ensures that there is always enough residual energy to activate important functions such as the lighting of the vehicle.

Advantages of the invention:

• - By the savings of the transmission and the freewheel device are a) the maintenance costs are lower, b) the weight of the vehicle is lower, c) the production costs are lower.
• - By the low weight and the efficient recovery of energy in generator mode Downhill (braking mode) is the action radius of the vehicle correspondingly enlarged.
• - Of the Drive is comparatively easy to retrofit vehicles there Gearbox and freewheel device omitted.

The Invention is hereinafter based on a bicycle / electric bicycle with reference to the drawing closer explained.

Characters:

1 : Bicycle / electric bicycle with the important components hub motor and generator ( 1 ), Battery pack ( 3 ), Control unit ( 2 ), Pedal force selector switch ( 4 ), Speed Encoder ( 5 ), Brake lever with sensor ( 6 ), Sensor for detecting the pedaling activity ( 7 ).

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the hub motor and generator ( 1 ) by replacing the front wheel mounted. The hub motor / generator is a so-called external rotor motor developed by the company WEMA and protected by patent. The spokes of the wheel are attached to the outer rotor of the engine. An additional gear and a freewheel device are not required.

The corresponding control unit ( 2 ) is attached in the handlebar area.

As energy storage is a quick charge or change battery pack (eg 18Ah, lithium polymer type) ( 3 ) which can be attached to the vehicle eg by click systems. Preferred mounting positions are, for example, the area between the seat tube and the rear wheel or the area directly above the front wheel on the fork joint of the bicycle.

A sensor for detecting pedaling activity ( 7 ) in the pedal pedals gives the control unit a corresponding signal. As long as the pedal pedals are not pressed during start-up, only the "starting assistance" mode is active up to a maximum of 6 km / h After the pedals have been pressed, the speed of the vehicle can be increased.

On the handlebar of the bicycle is the speed encoder ( 5 ) to change the vehicle speed.

On the steering rod is also the brake lever with sensor ( 6 ). The pressure of the brake lever is detected by sensors and gives the control unit corresponding de signals. This activates and controls, depending on the pressure on the brake lever, the generator function of the hub motor in order to store the corresponding energy back into the battery. By correspondingly strong operation of the brake lever, a mechanical drum brake or other type of mechanical brake is additionally activated in order to bring the vehicle to a standstill.

On the control and regulation unit is a treadle selection switch ( 4 ). The aufwen dende pedaling force of the driver can be limited by this selector switch.

The Range of the vehicle described is without pedal assistance Approx. 80 km and can be extended with pedal support up to 120 km become. higher Energy consumption in mountain driving can be through energy recovery be compensated for downhill to about 70%.

In the preferred embodiment becomes an outrun motor used with 250 W power. With this engine it is possible that the vehicle with up to 120 kg weight (including loading), without pedal support, one Overcoming slope of 10%.

One Professional will understand that the principles of present invention on different types of vehicles or applicable to other technical fields.

The in the foregoing description, claims and figure Features are both individually and in any combination for the Realization of the invention in the various embodiments significant.

1

hub motor and generator

2

control and control unit

3

battery pack

4

Tretkraftvorwahlschalter

5

Speed Encoder

6

brake lever with sensor

7

sensor for recording pedaling activity

Claims (7)

Stepless electric direct drive, for bicycles and other applications, primarily consisting of drive motor / generator ( 1 ), specially programmed control ( 2 ), Battery pack ( 3 ) corresponding control elements ( 4 . 5 . 6 ) and necessary sensors ( 7 ), characterized in that a) by a suitable hub motor of eg 250 W power ( 1 ) varies continuously over a wide speed range with sufficiently high power, the vehicle speed and the propulsion torque can be kept constant in a very soft and jerk-free approach. b) an additional gear is not needed. c) the hub motor ( 1 ) causes a very low cogging torque. d) by a low cogging torque of the engine (magnetic) and non-existing gear a freewheel device for overrun operation (pedaling, downhill) can be omitted. Stepless electric direct drive, for bicycles and other applications, according to protection claim 1, characterized in that an electronic control unit ( 2 ) depending on a preselectable treading force ( 4 ), the terrain profile and the vehicle weight supplied the engine with the necessary energy to keep the speed constant at a very soft propulsion torque. Stepless electric direct drive, for bicycles and other applications, according to protection claim 1, characterized in that the hub motor ( 1 ) switches in the braking mode in the generator mode, which in turn depends on the position of the brake lever ( 6 ), and thus the amount of braking torque, more or less energy back into the battery. Stepless electric direct drive, for bicycles and other applications, according to protection claim 1, characterized in that at a correspondingly high, sensory detected pressure on the brake lever ( 6 ) In addition to the regenerative braking effect, an additional mechanical brake is effective to bring the vehicle to a standstill. Stepless electric direct drive, for bicycles and other applications, according to protection claim 1, characterized that the stepless electric direct drive and corresponding components as a kit of bicycles or other vehicles can be grown. Stepless electric direct drive, for bicycles and other applications, according to protection claim 1, characterized that the level of battery charge is continuously monitored and always one Residual charge is ensured to possibly the necessary energy for the Vehicle lighting or important small consumers to be able to deliver. Stepless electric direct drive, for bicycles and other applications, according to protection claim 1, characterized that the components and assemblies of the kit are at your personal discretion in a technically meaningful way with any other components or building blocks linked or can be interconnected.