DE202005005077U1 - Dry-operated biogas fermentation assembly, e.g. for biogas used for heat generation, has movable concrete dish or tray with inclination to drain for excess fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

A biogas fermentation reactor having a movable concrete dish for the conversion of organic residues into methane, is new. The dish inclination is 0.5-3.5 %. A biogas fermentation reactor having a movable concrete dish for the conversion of organic residues into methane, is new. The dish inclination is 0.5-3.5 %. The dish may be square, rectangular, oval or round. The panel requires no exposure to percolation if the biomass is thoroughly mixed with the micro-organic culture. The dish is made from a material that is a good heat insulator. The fermenting mixture is placed on the dish under a gas-impermeable membrane sealed to the dish outer margin. The fermentation action may be modified by the regulated introduction of liquid that is subsequently drained, trapped and recycled as required.

Description

The present invention relates to a dry fermentation plant used for the methanation of biomass 1 of all kinds. The aim of this invention is to provide a cost-effective fermenter 2 to create and limit many financial and construction risks. On the one hand, operators can, on the one hand, continue their operating concept and, after the energetic use, receive a digestate that exerts stallmist or compost-like action on soil structure or biology. The fermented material can then be further composted or applied directly to the soil.

In the presented invention is a fermenter, with a passable, at least partially inclined concrete floor. Show it 1 - 2 a fermenter which can be driven on all sides, the surface of which may be decreasing or rising towards the center. The soil drop to the side length or diameter between 0.5% to 3.5%, preferably 0.5%. 3 a Durchfahrfermenter and 4 a schematic representation of a filling.

previously known is that the biomass with already fermented biomass (microorganisms) is mixed.

previously known is also that the percolate is filtered and cleaned. The disadvantage is that filtered out by cleaning a large proportion of microorganisms will and sieves etc. constantly must be controlled and cleaned. In this invention Consciously refrained from cleaning the percolate. The unfiltered / unfiltered Percolate contains essential more microorganisms, it is needed in comparison with less inoculum and the biomass is degraded faster.

For this purpose, the biomass is mixed during filling with the unfiltered / unfiltered percolate. With a distribution device, eg at the spreader of the manure spreader 3 is appropriate.

The distributor is then connected to a hose connection (coupling) and with a pump can then the percolate 10 from the container 16 be distributed. With a control valve or the pump, the percolate can be quantitatively regulated (controlled) and distributed in a targeted manner. An optimal mixing quality ensures a high gas yield.

At least in winter, the thermally insulated fermenter after filling with biomass, a thermal insulation 4 (Eg thermal insulation mats from the construction sector or air cushion) launched.

The gas-impermeable gas envelope 5 is with the fermenter by Tauchverschuuß 6 or terminal block closure hermetically sealed and also serves as gas storage. 5 shows a schematic perspective of the fermenter according to the invention. A special lifting device 7 allows a fast opening and closing of the fermenter. This can, for example, a stable frame construction, a construction which is connected with ropes and can also be connected directly to the gas envelope in the area of the dip closure. To offset this construction is also attached to the upper part of the gas envelope and repositioned by eg front loader. Another possibility would be to use the gas envelope by means of 6 wound up construction or just pull away. The diving closure can also be used with sandbags 8th be sealed. Against weather influences, the gas envelope / frame construction with strings 9 etc. anchored and / or secured with a network.

After prolonged rainfall, water could enter the fermenter through the dip seal. A corresponding remedy could, as in 7 shown to be a corresponding production of the dip closure or a rainproof cover.

As a central percolate disposal (percolate 10 ) can this a collecting container 11 , Gulli 12 or a central, lateral and / or circumferential gutter 13 serve. At the lowest point promotes a drainpipe 14 the resulting liquid by pump in an above-ground container 16 , It is also possible to catch the accumulating liquid in a lowered container. ( 8b ) The container can also be integrated in the fermenter and equipped with a heating device. Of course, the same container can be used for several fermenters. Preferably, the percolate is distributed over the biomass several times prior to opening of the fermenter by means of a pump and a distributor in order to have active microorganisms for refilling. If necessary, the percolate is stirred with an explosion-proof stirrer. Due to the unfiltered percolate, attention must be paid to any restrictions on the hoses, lines. The collecting device, such as the circumferential gutter could be produced with several processes.

Previously known, the piercing cylinder 17 (slotted or perforated pipes) can be used for the purposeful distribution of eg percolate. As a distribution device, the biomass also a slotted, perforated tube (or more connected hoses) are placed. Special Sprühkopfverteiler (Perkolatsprengler) could distribute the percolate. Depending on the embodiment, for the distribution of additives serve their own distribution device that distributes the additives targeted targeted / sprayed.

The biogas produced is from the biogas extraction pipe 18 taken and is used to generate thermal, electrical and / or mechanical energy.

The Biogas sampling tube (or flow channels, etc.) can also be extended or in the gas envelope be integrated. Should larger amounts of biogas be stored, the plant is using a conventional Foil storage or supplemented with a gas tank, which with a gas compressor the Compressed biogas. The biogas consumer can use a combined heat and power plant, a combustion boiler, a fuel cell, etc.

The fermenter is heated by means of underfloor heating 19 in the bottom plate or walls. In order to heat up the fermenter more quickly (eg in winter), the fermenter can be extended so that the biomass is additionally heated with hot / hot air. Depending on the embodiment, the fermenter is supplemented with air ducts, blowers, flow channels, etc. The fermenter can also be equipped with an integrated air heater. For heating the fermenter is preferably used the waste heat of a combined heat and power plant.

Must be due the local Given the smell odors when opening the fermenter considerably be reduced, the biomass is e.g. neutralized with citric acid. This can be done by injected air, (with citric acid added) which is then cleaned by biofilter or active carbon filter. It would be also conceivable to make water with citric acid and then over the Distribute biomass.

• – Gasmessgerät z.B. der Fa. Dräger für CO², H²S, O² und Methan
• – Umwälzpumpe für Sprühkopf-Verteiler
• – Flüssigkeits-Meßgerät Multisensor-MiniLab zur Bestimmung von Glucose, Sacharose etc.

With a central control unit and the use of appropriate sensors for controlled process control, optimized methane gas generation can be guaranteed. For this purpose, preference is given to using:

• - Gas meter, for example, the company Dräger for CO ² , H ² S, O ² and methane
• - Circulation pump for spray head distributor
• - Liquid meter Multisensor-MiniLab for the determination of glucose, sucrose etc.

The presented invention is based on batch operation, in which always the complete contents of the fermenter are exchanged. Therefore it is appropriate, either at least two fermenters out of phase or on others alternative energies (e.g., wood gas, vegetable oil ...).

1

biomass

2

fermenter

3

spreader

4

thermal insulation

5

gas shell

6

diving seals

7

Verhebevorrichtung

8th

sandbags

9

Lace

10

percolate

11

receptacle

12

Gulli

13

gutter

14

waste pipe

15

pump

16

container

17

Einstechzylinder

18

Biogas extraction pipe

19

Floor heating

Claims (12)

Novel biogas fermenter for methanation of biomass, of a drivable, at least partially inclined Concrete floor. The floor lowering is on all sides passable Fermenter to the side length or diameter between 0.5 to 3.5%, preferably 0.5%. Novel biogas fermenter according to claim 1 thereby characterized in that the basic shape of the bottom plate is square, rectangular, oval and / or round. Novel biogas fermenter according to claims 1-2 thereby characterized in that the biomass with unfiltered / unfiltered Percolate is mixed. An optimal mixing quality ensures for one high gas yield. Novel biogas fermenter according to claims 1-3 thereby characterized by a comprehensive thermal insulation. Novel biogas fermenter according to claims 1-4 thereby characterized in that with a gas-impermeable gas envelope means Dive closure or Terminal block closure airtight is closed. The gas envelope also serves as gas storage. Novel biogas fermenter according to claim 1-5 thereby characterized in that the percolate collected by Gulli, gutter, etc. and in a container is collected. The container can also be integrated in the bottom plate and is heated. Novel biogas fermenter according to claim 1-6, for the generation of thermal, electrical and mechanical energy. Novel biogas fermenter according to claims 1-7 that This is equipped with a floor heating and with a device expandable, which additionally heats the biomass by means of warm air heating. Novel biogas fermenter according to claim 1-8, that a combined measuring station equipped with certain electrochemical gas and biosensors in a central switching point the measuring signals in the shortest Time is receiving and to various control relays. Novel biogas fermenter according to claims 1-9, characterized characterized, for optimized biogas yield certain bacteria be added at appropriate times and their action influenced by the process monitoring according to the process control becomes. Novel biogas fermenter according to claims 1-10 This is the bio-process only through targeted use the above-mentioned properties (list above) over and over again can run (reproducibly) if these conditions are met. Novel biogas fermenter according to claims 1-11 thereby characterized in that either a plurality of fermenters constructed in a modular manner and out of phase or with other regenerative ones Energies is combined.