DE202004021369U1 - cyclone - Google Patents

Abstract

cyclone for the separation of particles, such as dust and / or water from the the centrifugal separator air flowing through, by means of a Abscheidegitters (3), having the shape of a three-dimensional, planar construction and mounting unit, for Facilities such as ventilation, Heaters, air conditioners and / or devices for Air supply of machines, engines and the like, including for installations, Machines and the like in vehicles, with in the centrifugal separator arranged vertically and in parallel, forming the separation grid (3) strands of profiles that are streamed from the air and in free cross sections (4) flows through be and for the deposition of the particles successively formed offset deposition areas characterized by first profiled strands (1.2) and second profiled strands (1.3), with their in the direction of flow open profile sections (1.3.1, 1.3.4, 1.2.2) first, second and third separation areas (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) with appropriately trained Separating elements (5.1.1, 5.2.1, 5.3.1) include.

Description

The Invention relates to a centrifugal separator with particles therein, as dust and / or water to be separated outside air and discharge purified Air for Facilities, such as ventilation, Heaters, air conditioners and / or devices for the air supply of machines, engines and the like, such Installations also in vehicles, whereby the centrifugal separator from a three-dimensional, flat Assembly with inlet, flow and outlet openings as well as integrated flow and separation elements in the form of a separation grid for the air flowing through is formed.

Such centrifugal separators are in a simple design and effect after the DD 214 297 known.

• – Eine den Fliehkraftabscheider bildende dreidimensionale Baueinheit als vorgefertigte Montageeinheit zwecks Anordnung oder Einbau in die eingangs genannten Anlagen oder Fahrzeuge,
• – innerhalb dieses Fliehkraftabscheiders angeordnete, von der Luft angeströmte Einbauten zur Führung der Luft, gebildet aus vertikalen Strängen von im Querschnitt unterschiedlichen Profilen, die in ihrer Anordnung zueinander Bereiche von Abscheidestufen für die abzuscheidenden Partikel bilden, wobei die Profile • nebeneinander geordnet eine Breite des Fliehkraftabscheiders wie ein Gitter ausfüllen und • die unterschiedlichen Querschnitte der Profile in einer Tiefe des Fliehkraftabscheiders hinsichtlich der Abscheidestufen und freien Querschnitte für die Durchströmung der Luft zueinander gestaffelt angeordnet sind, und
• – die Querschnitte der Profile weisen konkave und/oder konvexe Ausformungen der von der Luft angeströmten Flächen auf.

According to the features of a further developed internal state of the art according to the previously published prospectus of SGW Werder GmbH, such centrifugal separators are constructed as follows:

• A three-dimensional structural unit forming the centrifugal separator as a prefabricated assembly unit for the purpose of arrangement or installation in the plants or vehicles mentioned at the outset,
• - Arranged within this centrifugal, air-flowed internals to guide the air, formed from vertical strands of different cross-sectional profiles, which form in their arrangement to each other areas of Abscheidestufen for the deposited particles, the profiles • side by side ordered a width of the centrifugal separator how to fill a grid and • the different cross-sections of the profiles are arranged staggered at a depth of the centrifugal separator with respect to the Abscheidestufen and free cross-sections for the flow of air to each other, and
• - The cross sections of the profiles have concave and / or convex formations of the air flowed surfaces.

All in all form the profiles over the high of Building and assembly unit, considered in the course of the direction of Flow, free, first rejuvenating Cross sections to accelerate the speed of the occurred Air and changing Cross sections to divert the flow and reduce the speed until the traffic jam Air in the areas of separation stages for the particles to be separated and finally free cross sections for the exhaustion the purified air.

• – Mehrere parallel zueinander verlaufende Einström- und Abscheideprofile, wobei zwei benachbarte Profile jeweils einen Strömungsspalt für die durchströmende Luft bilden,
• – eine erste Profilebene, die aus geschlossenen, im wesentlichen abgerundeten Einströmprofilen gebildet ist, an der sich wenigstens zwei weitere in Strömungsrichtung dahinter liegende Profilebenen anschließen, die aus zur Strömungsrichtung hin offenen, im wesentlichen abgerundeten Abscheideprofilen gebildet sind,
• – eine Positionierung der Abscheideprofile hinter einem Strömungsspalt der davor liegenden Profilebene.

According to this concept, a previously known, mechanical separation grid was formed, which comprises:

• A plurality of inflow and separation profiles running parallel to one another, wherein two adjacent profiles each form a flow gap for the air flowing through,
• A first profile plane which is formed from closed, essentially rounded inflow profiles, at which at least two further profile planes lying downstream of the flow direction follow, which are formed from essentially rounded precipitation profiles open towards the flow direction,
• - A positioning of Abscheideprofile behind a flow gap of the preceding profile plane.

From this state of the art goes the DE 100 42 443 A1 recognizes and recognizes the problem that due to the low rigidity in long profile strands oscillations occur that result in low separation efficiency and a low life of the Abscheidegitters. From this, the task is derived to form the above-defined Abscheidegitter so that these vibration problems do not occur. Consequently, the solution according to the DE 100 42 443 A1 to connect the inflow profiles with the downstream in the flow direction deposition profiles of the third profile level with a web each other.

It must not be overlooked be that on the one hand, the second profile level remains, this one measure is not subject and thus at least the vibration problem in this profile level strand not lifted or not optimally degraded is.

• – günstige Herstellung,
• – mechanisch fester Aufbau und unkritisches Schwingungsverhalten der Pofilstränge,
• – geringe Bautiefe,
• – hoher Abscheidegrad,
• – minimaler Druckverlust,
• – größtmögliche Fliehkraft- und Schwerkraftabscheidung,
• – geringe Eigen-Geräuschentwicklung und
• – relativ große Bandbreite von Anströmgeschwindigkeiten

ausreichend optimiert.Apart from this problem, it is quite clear that centrifugal force according to the described prior art already have significantly improved properties due to more effective use of centrifugal forces for the deposition of particles. However, they are not yet in terms of technological-constructive and functional parameters, such as

• - cheap production,
• - mechanically strong structure and uncritical vibration behavior of the Pofilstränge,
• - low depth,
• - high degree of separation,
• - minimal pressure loss,
• - greatest possible centrifugal force and gravity separation,
• - low self-noise and
• - Relatively wide range of flow rates

sufficiently optimized.

To the solution according to the DE 100 42 443 A1 It should be noted that before that Krapf & LEX Nachf. Verkehrstechnik GmbH & Co. KG, ventilation and filter technology for vehicles, according to the company brochure before 30.08.2000 so named "multi-nozzle ventilation grille" has made public, which shows that the Inflow profiles are connected to the downstream in the flow direction Abscheideprofilen the third profile level with a web.

• – des Wirkprinzips der seinerzeit so genannten Fliehkraft-Sedimentations-Abscheider,
• – der Bemühungen der computergestützten Optimierung der Gitterkontur des Abscheiders,
• – der Versuche zur Ermittlung der Leistungsparameter der Staub- und Flüssigkeitsabscheidung, der Druckverluste sowie des Schalldruckpegels und des Schallfrequenzspektrums und
• – der Betriebserprobungen, praktischen Anwendungen und des weiteren Ausblicks

in „Glasers Annalen" ( ZEV + DET Glas. Ann. 118 (1991) Nr. 11/12 ) umfassend dargestellt und veröffentlicht.Especially in the field of rail vehicle construction, the relevant experts have dealt with the mechanical separation grids for the cooling air intake in traction vehicles regarding the function, arrangement, structural design and flow fields in the profile cross sections. So was the complexity of this problem in terms

• - the principle of action of the so-called centrifugal sedimentation separators,
• - the efforts of computer-aided optimization of the grid contour of the separator,
• - The experiments to determine the performance parameters of dust and liquid separation, the pressure losses and the sound pressure level and the sound frequency spectrum and
• - the operational tests, practical applications and the further outlook

in "Glaser Annalen" ( ZEV + DET glass. Ann. 118 (1991) No. 11/12 ) comprehensively presented and published.

It Today it has to be stated that the accomplished perfections are both on empirical results and on measurements of the respective Parameters using results of scientific flow optimization supported. However, the possibilities are not yet fully exploited by improvements.

Around the approaches for the increased Beyond coming closer to requirements, became beyond evaluated here internally, to what extent the previously described versions of centrifugal separators with regard to the design of the elements and profiles such as separation grid under consideration of the improvement to develop the crucial parameter further.

In The local investigations were u. a. assumed effects a strong acceleration and the traffic jam deflection in front of a flow dead Space for generating strong centrifugal forces in airflow Particles, as usual known cyclone, to use. It follows that the above described, known centrifugal separator with the described arrangements of Abscheidegittern are capable of improvement. So had to be like in front of relatively complicated designs in terms of a plurality of different profile strands in Purchase to be made to make little progress for the generic centrifugal separator to reach. Benefits in details were always with the acceptance or remaining detrimental and detrimental to functioning corresponding parameter connected.

In these analytical studies it was found that in "Aerosol Science and Technology" IR Torczynski and DJ Rader in issue 26: 6 June 1997 and Chih-Chieh Chen, Sheng-Hsin Huang, Wen-Pinn Lin, Tung-Sheng Shih and Fu-Tien Jeng in the issue 31: 6 December 1999 On virtually formed simple models for a remote field of aerosols also the cyclone effect with the laminar and turbulent flow conditions (simplified) have also shown.

In Evaluation of these publications was determined by experiments that the separation effect of the previously known generic centrifugal separator essential to longitudinal accelerations (Delays) in the Aufstauprofilen or above mentioned Abscheideprofilen based.

• – die in der Praxis erzeugten Bandbreiten von höheren Anströmungsgeschwindigkeiten zu bewältigen, jedoch geringe Druckverluste hinzunehmen,
• – den Abscheidegrad von Tröpfchen und Korn aus der Außenluft weiter zu erhöhen,
• – dominante Strömungsgeräusche und kritische Schwingungen der angeströmten Profile zu vermeiden und
• – dabei auch Überströmgeschwindigkeiten des Fliehkraftabscheiders durch z.B.
• Fahrgeschwindigkeiten bis ca. 350 km/h zu realisieren, ohne die Abscheidung überhaupt zu beeinträchtigen.

Here is where the invention and sets itself the task, according to the method to force the flow of air in the centrifugal separators according to the longitudinal or transverse accelerations that the entrained particles, such as dust and / or water in its various states of aggregation due to their higher density and inertia not can follow more. Here, the separation effect - unlike previously - also by lateral accelerations (centrifugal accelerations) and by extremely narrow deflection radii, large deflection and high flow velocities in the baffles are reinforced to

• To cope with the bandwidths generated in practice by higher flow velocities, but to accept low pressure losses,
• - further increase the separation efficiency of droplets and grain from the outside air,
• - To avoid dominant flow noise and critical vibrations of the flown profiles and
• - It also overflow velocities of the centrifugal separator by eg
• Travel speeds up to 350 km / h to realize without affecting the deposition at all.

• – in Anströmungsrichtung gesehen von vorn und seitlich anströmbar sind,
• – auch mit vorgesetzten Blechen mit Öffnungen oder Sieben sicher funktionieren,
• – Einbaulagen von +/– 45° zur Senkrechten funktionell sicher ermöglichen und
• – auch relativ große Einbauhöhen ohne Schwingungsprobleme zulassen und als wesentlichen Abscheidemechanismus einen „virtuellen Zyklon" funktionell/baulich integriert.

In terms of the task, the centrifugal separator has to be designed in such a way that the flowed profiles can be executed in different profile strands of a separation grate and these

• - can be flown in from the front and from the side in the flow direction,
• - work safely even with superior plates with openings or sieves,
• - enable installation positions of +/- 45 ° to the vertical functionally safe and
• - Also allow relatively large installation heights without vibration problems and as a significant separation mechanism a "virtual cyclone" functionally / structurally integrated.

These Task is for Abscheidegitter solved with different profile strands according to claims 1 to 11.

Generally is provided that the flow by means of convex curved Walls is forced to an extreme change of direction and opposite to these walls chamber-like catchment areas are formed with recirculation areas, namely in three characteristic flow areas of each profile strand. Thus, the new flow processes for the constructive realization a virtual cyclone effect for different profile strands found out where the deposition of dust-like particles especially must be high, i.e. practically 100% achieved.

• – mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 allein schon bestimmt ist und
• – mit den erfinderischen Maßnahmen der Ansprüche 2 bis 11 sowohl einzeln ausbaufähig als auch in ihrer Gesamtheit maximal ausschöpfbar wird.

It should be emphasized that the principle of the invention according to the particular conditions of practice

• - Already determined by the features of claim 1 and
• - With the inventive measures of claims 2 to 11 both individually expandable and maximally exhaustive in its entirety.

This Functionally and structurally redesigned centrifugal separator creates through the relatively large bag-like Trapping areas and the operatively integrated recirculation flows a Separation efficiency, which also for the solid particles surprisingly is high and was previously unreachable.

In front leaves everything the constructive possibility of large dimensioned Collection areas advantageous too, even large volume flows of liquids to leave and to discharge which results in a structurally constructive advantage for the user, because as core speed higher Flow speeds guaranteed can be.

Concluding to Task was a much improved product means different profile strands created, which is the relevant Genus to an actual Centrifugal Cyclone Separator perfected and refined Has.

These Benefits and improvements can help increase contribute to the user's user-friendliness, without additional Pressure losses from the flow and / or to accept adverse vibrations.

So can alone with the variant of an execution with two different ones profile strands a centrifugal separator following the technical task be provided that the flow by means of convexly curved Walls to an extreme change of direction is forced and chamber-like Collection areas are formed with recirculation areas. This is shaped by three characteristic Abscheidebereiche, namely a first and second deposition region formed by a shape of second profile strands and a third deposition region formed by a shape of first Profile strands. Thus, the new flow processes for the constructive Realization of a virtual cyclone effect usable for different profile strands made where high demands on the separation of liquid particles stand, because it will be surprising Separation efficiencies of up to confirmed in the experimental field 100% achieved.

The Invention is based on an embodiment described in more detail. In the accompanying drawings demonstrate

1 two different profile strands in cross section of a Abscheidegitters invention and

• – in der Vorderansicht,
• – in der Seitenansicht im Schnitt und
• – in der Draufsicht.

2 a centrifugal separator shown schematically,

• - in front view,
• - in the side view in section and
• - in plan view.

In 2 is the basic structure of a generic centrifugal separator with the vertically extending and only symbolically indicated profile strands 1 in a frame 2 held and in this case, for example, self-tapping connection as a connecting means 2.2 can be attached in corresponding profile training, shown schematically. With H the height, with B the width of the centrifugal separator and with l the length of the profile strands 1 designated. A depth T is approximately equal to the width b ( 1 ) of the profile strands 1 filled.

A number of profile strands 1 forms the so-called separation grid 3 which is from the side Le in the direction of the arrow ( 2 ) is flown, wherein the air, after it has passed the Abscheidegitter cleaned at the side La and in the direction of the arrow flows and then the object to be ventilated is supplied.

The centrifugal separator has a discharge area 2.1 ( 2 ) on. In this accumulate at the profile training over the length l of the profile strands 1 separated and trapped solid and liquid particles due to gravity and down (arrow) directed thrust flow and are discharged there via not shown and not designated openings.

By this compulsory effect is subject to those responsible for the separation Profile training of a permanent removal The separated particles from these areas and are steady Deposits from the inflowing Air free again.

• – Im Einströmungsgebiet wird die Strömung beschleunigt;
• – in einem ersten Strömungsgebiet wird der Hauptstrom um fast 45° abgelenkt;
• – in einem ersten und zweiten kammerartigen Auffangbereich wird die Strömung aufgestaut, und die mittleren Geschwindigkeiten verzögern sich auf nahezu null;
• – der Hauptstrom wird dann einem zweiten Strömungsgebiet zugeführt und stark um ungefähr 90° umgelenkt, wobei diese Bereiche zusammen mit den dazu gehörigen Auffangbereichen die aufgabengemäß angestrebten, eigentlichen virtuellen Zyklone darstellen;
• – in einem dritten kammerartigen Auffangbereich wird die Strömung wieder aufgestaut, wobei ein langsam rotierendes Rückströmgebiet entsteht, das durch die Hauptströmung im zweiten Strömungsgebiet angetrieben wird;
• – in diesem dritten kammerartigen Auffangbereich entsteht ein sekundär zirkulierendes Tot(wasser)gebiet, und in einem vierten kammerartigen Auffangbereich reduziert sich die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit auf einen Wert von fast null;
• – ein durch die Profiloberflächen gebildeter Diffusor expandiert die Strömung wieder teilweise und dient dem Druckrückgewinn im dritten Strömungsgebiet, wonach der Luftstrom wieder aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Abscheidegitter 3 austritt.

Sequence and operation of the invention and the centrifugal separator in its functional and constructive linkage in a separation grid 3 with first profile strands 1.2 and second profile strands 1.3 are essential to the invention as follows:

• - In the inflow area, the flow is accelerated;
• In a first flow area, the main flow is deflected by almost 45 °;
• In a first and second chamber-like catchment area, the flow is dammed up and the mean speeds are retarded to almost zero;
• The main stream is then fed to a second flow area and deflected strongly by approximately 90 °, these areas, together with the associated catch areas, representing the actual virtual cyclones aimed for;
• In a third chamber-like catchment area, the flow is dammed up again, whereby a slowly rotating Rückströmgebiet arises, which is driven by the main flow in the second flow area;
• In this third chamber-like catchment area, a secondary circulating dead (water) area is formed, and in a fourth chamber-like catchment area, the flow rate is reduced to a value of almost zero;
• A diffuser formed by the profile surfaces partially expands the flow again and serves for the pressure recovery in the third flow area, after which the air flow returns from the separation grate according to the invention 3 exit.

• – Die Beschleunigung im Einströmungsgebiet erfolgt praktisch verlustfrei.
• – Es treten lediglich Druckverluste bei der Durchströmung der Abscheidestufen in den entsprechenden ersten und zweiten Strömungsgebieten auf, was gegenüber dem Stand der Technik mindestens nicht von Nachteil ist.
• – Im dritten Strömungsgebiet wird durch den Diffusor ein Teil des dynamischen Drucks zurückgewonnen, wobei insgesamt die Konturen der ersten und zweiten Profilstränge 1.2; 1.3 auf Ablösefreiheit optimiert ausgebildet und dadurch die Druckverluste der Strömung minimiert sind.

The surprisingly relatively small total loss of total pressure in the flow is distributed according to the invention as follows:

• - The acceleration in the inflow area is virtually lossless.
• - There are only pressure losses in the flow through the Abscheidestufen in the corresponding first and second flow areas, which is at least not disadvantageous compared to the prior art.
• - In the third flow area, a part of the dynamic pressure is recovered by the diffuser, wherein overall the contours of the first and second profile strands 1.2 ; 1.3 designed optimized for separation freedom and thereby the pressure losses of the flow are minimized.

• – die Festpartikelbahnen unter den Bedingungen der Parameter d_staub ≤ 10 μm und U = 5 m/s und
• – die Festpartikelbahnen unter den Bedingungen der Parameter d_staub ≥ 30 μm und U = 5 m/s.

The surprising, almost 100% separation of solid particles according to the embodiment of the invention is achieved by the fact that the flow is purposefully forced to longitudinal or transverse accelerations, which the entrained particles can not follow due to their higher density (and thus inertia). At the same time, flow images are achieved

• - the solid particle webs under the conditions of the parameters d _dust ≤ 10 μm and U = 5 m / s and
• - the solid particle webs under the conditions of the parameters d _dust ≥ 30 μm and U = 5 m / s.

The separation effect of the lateral accelerations (centrifugal accelerations) is taskally enhanced by narrow deflection radii, large deflection angles and high flow velocities in the deflections. In comparison to the prior art described above, for example according to DE 100 42 443 A1 , whose separation effect is based essentially on longitudinal accelerations (delays) in the Aufstauprofilen, comes the main part of erfindungemäßen effects of centrifugal from the lateral accelerations.

• – Im Einströmungsgebiet werden die Partikel zusammen mit der Strömung beschleunigt und deren Impulse erhöht.
• – Da die Fläche des Zuströmprofils (wie ein vorderes Tragflächenprofil) gekrümmt ist, lenkt die somit erwirkte Zentrifugalbeschleunigung die im Randbereich mitgeführten Teilchen in ihrer Tendenz quer zur Hauptströmungsrichtung hin zur Mitte des Einströmungsquerschnittes.
• – Die Partikel, die der Änderung der Strömungsrichtung um etwa 45° nicht folgen können, werden in den ersten kammerartigen Auffangbereich ausgeschleudert, in dem sehr niedrige Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten vorherrschen.
• – Im ersten kammerartigen Auffangbereich wird der Impuls der Teilchen durch Stöße und Reflektionen an den Wänden abgebaut, und der zweite kammerartige Auffangbereich erhöht die Anzahl der Wandkollisionen und fängt einige Teilchen ein.
• – Durch die starke Richtungsänderung der Strömung zwischen dem zweiten Strömungsgebiet von fast 90° bei engem Radius und hoher Geschwindigkeit werden die Partikel in den dritten kammerartigen Auffangbereich ausgeschleudert. Außerdem kanalisieren die festen Berandungen der Strömung im Kanalgebiet die Partikelbahnen. Die Teilchen passieren das Rückströmgebiet, zum Teil unter Mithilfe von Reflektion an der Profilfläche, und verlieren ihren Impuls durch Wandstöße im dritten kammerartigen Auffangbereich.
• – Die sekundäre Rezirkulationsströmung am dritten kammerartigen Auffangbereich trägt für bestimmte Teilchendurchmesser und Teilchendichten dazu bei, dass die Partikel dort zunächst gefangen bleiben.
• – Der vierte kammerartige Auffangbereich unterstützt die Abscheidewirkung für die Partikel, die durch Wandreflektionen in diesen Raum gelangen, wobei nur geringe Partikel, die klein und/oder leicht genug sind, um den Querbeschleunigungen folgen zu können, oder die durch Wandreflektionen aus den Auffangbereichen herausgeschleudert werden, nicht abgeschieden werden und aus dem Abscheidegitter austreten.

In detail, the mechanisms of the deposition of the solid particles are to be represented as follows:

• - In the inflow area, the particles are accelerated together with the flow and their impulses are increased.
• Since the surface of the inflow profile (like a front airfoil profile) is curved, the centrifugal acceleration thus obtained deflects the particles entrained in the edge region in a direction transverse to the main flow direction towards the center of the inflow cross section.
• - The particles that can not follow the change in the flow direction by about 45 °, are ejected into the first chamber-like collection area, prevail in the very low flow velocities.
• In the first chamber-like collecting area, the momentum of the particles is broken down by impacts and reflections on the walls, and the second chamber-like collecting area increases the number of wall collisions and traps some particles.
• - Due to the strong change in direction of the flow between the second flow area of almost 90 ° at a narrow radius and high speed, the particles in the third ejected chamber-like catchment area. In addition, the fixed boundaries of the flow in the channel area channel the particle trajectories. The particles pass through the return flow area, partly with the help of reflection at the profile surface, and lose their momentum through wall impacts in the third chamber-like catchment area.
• The secondary recirculation flow at the third chamber-like collecting area contributes, for certain particle diameters and particle densities, to the fact that the particles initially remain trapped there.
• - The fourth chamber-like collecting area supports the separation effect for the particles, which pass through wall reflections in this space, with only small particles that are small and / or light enough to follow the lateral accelerations, or which are thrown by wall reflections from the catchment areas , are not separated and escape from the separation grid.

• – Die gekrümmten Flächen des Zuströmprofils und der Profilzunge erzeugen Zentrifugalbeschleunigungen in der Durchströmung, die zu einem Ausschleudern von mitgeführten Partikeln mit höherer Dichte als die der flüssigen Bestandteile führen.
• – Die ersten, zweiten, dritten und vierten kammerartigen Auffangbereiche dienen als höchst effiziente Auffang- und Abscheidebereiche.

The inventively surprising functional areas of the deposition are thus to be emphasized as follows:

• The curved surfaces of the inflow profile and the profiled tongue generate centrifugal accelerations in the flow, which lead to a centrifuging of entrained particles with higher density than that of the liquid constituents.
• - The first, second, third and fourth chamber-like collecting areas serve as highly efficient collecting and separating areas.

The inventive deposition from liquid droplets the flow advantageously corresponds substantially to those for solid particles have been described. Differences between the behavior of droplets and that of solid particles occurs only when the particle meets a profile wall. While a solid particle after an elastic / plastic impact of the Wall, forms a droplet after a wall collision a surface film, which flows under the influence of wall shear stress and gravity. Indeed can In a drop impact and satellite drops are formed. The Diameter of these satellite drops can then be so small that she's the flow can follow until exit from the Abscheidegitter, however their quantity is relatively low.

These relationships to lead to a virtually 100% Füssigkeitsabscheidung.

• – Ein wesentlicher Abscheidemechanismus wird durch den aufgabengemäß angestrebten „virtuellen Zyklon" realisiert. Die diesbezüglichen Strömungsbereiche wurden deshalb hervorgehoben, wobei im Wesentlichen die Strömung mit Hilfe einer konvex gekrümmten Wand zu einer scharfen Richtungsänderung gezwungen wird. Dieser Wand gegenüber sind Auffangkammern angeordnet, in denen sich Rezirkulationsgebiete bilden, die strömungsberuhigte Räume darstellen und die effektive Abscheidung von Partikeln sichern.
• – Durch die großen Fangtaschen und deren Rezirkulationsströmungen in den Bereichen 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 nach 1 ist die Abscheideeffizienz auch für Feststoffpartikel überraschend sehr hoch, da • die groß dimensionierten Auffangkammern auch dann vorteilhaft sind, wenn große Volumenströme von Flüssigkeiten abgeschieden werden müssen, was funktionell als Kerngeschwindigkeit höhere Durchströmgeschwindigkeiten gewährleistet und konstruktive sowie bauliche Vorteile für den Anwender schafft, und • der Druckverlust der Durchströmung dabei gegenüber dem Stand der Technik nicht verschlechtert wurde.

Also surprising in the flow and on the separation mechanisms and on the structural features is to be highlighted:

• - A significant separation mechanism is realized by the task-oriented "virtual cyclone." The relevant flow areas were therefore emphasized, whereby essentially the flow is forced by means of a convexly curved wall to a sharp change of direction Form recirculation areas, which represent flow-calmed spaces and ensure the effective separation of particles.
• - Through the large catch pockets and their recirculation flows in the areas 5.1 . 5.2 . 5.3 to 1 the separation efficiency is surprisingly very high even for solid particles, since • the large-sized collecting chambers are advantageous even when large volume flows of liquids must be separated, which functionally ensures higher throughflow velocities as core speed and creates constructive and structural advantages for the user, and • Pressure loss of the flow was thereby not deteriorated compared to the prior art.

In order to be through the inventive design of the centrifugal separator as a centrifugal-virtual cyclone separator the efficiency and the availability centrifugal separators with the respective user or operator in the final products at cheaper significantly increased in technological production. In particular, it stands the separation of virtually 100% liquid or liquefiable Particles of any state of matter in the field of vision of the requirements.

In constructive implementation of these determined relationships is with the different first and second profile strands 1.2 . 1.3 , The arrangement described in their arrangement, the above-described collecting and / or Abscheidebereiche for the particles to be separated and thereby air permeable, changing cross sections 4 form, the incoming air by means of directed against the flow, convexly curved flow profiles 1.2.1 the first profile strands 1.2 in a nozzle-shaped, tapered free cross-section 4.1 initially accelerated.

Thereafter, the air flow then hits the one hand on the first profile sections open in the direction of flow 1.3.1 the second profile strands 1.3 in which in a first separation area 5.1 with first separation elements 5.1.1 predominantly solid particles are deposited.

On the other hand, the air flow is deflected and further deflected and meets wing-like open second profile sections 1.3.4 the second profile strands 1.3 , Here are mainly not yet sedimented wet particles in a second deposition area 5.2 with second separation elements 5.2.1 almost completely separated, because there by the special geometric design of the second Abscheidebereichs 5.2 the secondary circulating dead (water) area is created, which ensures the conditions for a virtually 100% liquid separation.

Finally, the air flow on the one hand to open third profile sections 1.2.2 the first profile strands 1.2 steered a third separation area 5.3 with third separation elements 5.3.1 form for a virtually complete deposition, in particular of the liquid or liquefiable particles, and on the other hand in the expanding cross-section 4.2 the exiting air flow in the area between a second web 1.3.3 and outer walls of the open third profile sections 1.2.2 ensure a pressure recovery.

The flow rate in said deposition zones 5.1 . 5.2 . 5.3 can thus drop to almost zero, partially resulting in flow-calm dead spaces, so that the deposited particles continuously over the length l of the profile strands 1.2 . 1.3 due to the downward thrust flow and gravity effect already described above in the discharge area 2.1 collected and removed from it.

So the flow becomes in the area of the separation areas 5.1 . 5.2 . 5.3 lying Rückströmgebiete dammed and slowly rotating in this. Therein, the flow through the main flow is driven and then by means of walls of between profile surfaces of the first profile strands 1.2 and second profile strands 1.3 Relaxed formed diffuser effects. The air is then virtually free of particles and flows to the intended use.

The flow is through at least one of the open profile sections 1.3.1 . 1.3.4 accumulated collecting areas, which can arise in these catchment areas, the function-critical, secondary circulating (dead) areas.

All in all will the flow the air from the inlet Le in the up to the outlet La from the centrifugal separator virtually no pressure loss.

The essential, partial pressure losses are on the flow areas between the walls of the open first cross sections 4.1 the second profile strands 1.3 and the first jetty 1.2.4 the first profile strands 1.2 limited.

Thereby is assured that by means of the diffuser effects a part of the dynamic pressure recoverable becomes.

Invention is also typical here that by means of the curved surfaces of the flow profiles 1.2.1 the first profile strands 1.2 and / or the second profile strands 1.3 such centrifugal accelerations are generated in the flow, which lead to a centrifuging of airborne particles of higher density, such as solid particles, than those of the liquid particles, said solid particles are reflected by elastic / plastic shocks from the walls of the profiles.

Also so are those in the incoming air accelerated solid particles together with the flow in the respective Anströmungsgebieten accelerated and experience a pulse increase.

It is the invention peculiar that the in the inflowing Air contained solid particles due to the curved flow surfaces of a Centrifugal acceleration are exposed, especially the in the edge area of the flow entrained Particle in the direction transverse to the direction of the main flow to the center of a respective flow cross-section move.

critical for the 100% liquid separation is that liquid ingredients the particles like drops / droplets after a collision with walls Profiles a surface film formed under the influence of wall shear stress and gravity flows.

In the process, the first, relatively large drops of the liquid particles already mentioned above are in areas of the flown profiles, for example the inflow profiles 1.2.1 impinge on their surfaces and drain as a surface film.

In addition, the surface film of the liquid particles at first and / or second separation edges 1.3.2 . 1.3.5 the second profile strands 1.3 detached and discharged as a liquid.

Thus, droplets / droplets that are in the collecting areas on the surface of the profile strands 1.2 . 1.3 meet as fluid film drain due to gravity and deposited.

Also ejected liquid particles hit the inner walls of the wing-like open second profile sections 1.3.4 the catch pockets forming second profile strand 1.3 and are finally deposited there, whereby drop drops are collected, which also drain as a surface liquid film.

These processes ensure the complete removal of the liquid components, wherein in general the particles to be separated off at the various profile formations as well as in these flow areas due to shear stress and / or gravitational effects become the discharge area 2.1 move the centrifugal separator and be discharged there.

The executed centrifugal separator with the separator grid 3 forming first and second profile strands 1.2 . 1.3 includes the air flowed through the free cross sections 4 and for the deposition of the particles, the deposition areas formed one behind the other offset 5.1 . 5.2 . 5.3 the first profile strands 1.2 and second profile strands 1.3 with their profile sections open in the direction of flow 1.3.1 . 1.3.4 . 1.2.2 the first, second and third separation areas 5.1 . 5.2 . 5.3 with appropriately trained separating elements 5.1.1 . 5.2.1 . 5.3.1 exhibit.

The first profile strands 1.2 , seen in the flow direction, first the convexly curved inflow profile 1.2.1 have an upper, about 45 ° inwardly deflected surface, which is the first bridge 1.2.4 and at the conclusion of the open third profile section 1.2.2 with the third separation elements 5.3.1 connect by rounded, forward and through the first bridge 1.2.4 separate wing pairs with at third release edges 1.2.3 drawn collar are formed, so represent the two separate chamber-like collecting pockets. The second profile strands arranged parallel thereto 1.3 , which (seen in the flow direction), first the flowed open first profile sections 1.3.1 having, which of rounded wings with at the first separation edges 1.3.2 retracted collars are formed and also include chamber-like collecting pockets, in turn join each pair of separate chamber-like collecting pockets, which are the open second profile sections 1.3.4 with the second release edges 1.3.5 form which second profile sections 1.3.1 in the second footbridge 1.3.3 pass.

• a) Ein Querschnitt des ersten Profilstrangs 1.2, welcher in Richtung der Luftführung zunächst das Anströmprofil 1.2.1, danach den ersten Steg 1.2.4 und den offenen dritten Profilabschnitt 1.2.2 aufweist,
• b) ein Querschnitt des zweiten Profilstrangs 1.3, welcher in Richtung der Luftführung als angeströmtes Profil den offenen ersten Profilabschnitt 1.3.1 und danach den offenen zweiten Profilabschnitt 1.3.4 aufweist, und
• c) eine einander abwechselnde Anordnung der Profilstränge 1.2, 1.3, die in Richtung der Luftführung über die Tiefe T des Fliehkraftabscheiders durchströmbare freie Querschnitte 4 bilden, die – einerseits die düsenförmig sich verjüngenden freie Querschnitte 4.1 zur Beschleunigung der Geschwindigkeit der einströmenden Luft aufweisen, denen sich die vergrößernden freie Querschnitte 4.2 zur Verringerung der Geschwindigkeit der Luft bis zu deren teilweisen Stau und zur Verringerung der Druckverluste anschließen und – andererseits den ersten Abscheidebereich 5.1, zweiten Abscheidebereich 5.2 und dritten Abscheidebereich 5.3 mit den Abscheideelementen 5.1.1, 5.2.1, 5.3.1 für die Partikel aufweisen, welche jeweils die freien Querschnitte 4 zwischen den Profilsträngen 1.2, 1.3.2 formen.

Accordingly, the centrifugal separator with its separation grid 3 with regard to the functionally important cross sections as follows:

• a) A cross section of the first profile strand 1.2 , which in the direction of the air duct first the inflow profile 1.2.1 , then the first footbridge 1.2.4 and the open third profile section 1.2.2 having,
• b) a cross section of the second profile strand 1.3 , which in the direction of the air flow as a flowed profile the open first profile section 1.3.1 and then the open second profile section 1.3.4 has, and
• c) an alternating arrangement of the profile strands 1.2 . 1.3 , in the direction of the air flow over the depth T of the centrifugal separator through-flowable free cross-sections 4 form, on the one hand, the nozzle-shaped tapered free cross-sections 4.1 to accelerate the velocity of the incoming air to which the enlarging free cross sections 4.2 to reduce the velocity of the air to its partial congestion and to reduce the pressure losses and - on the other hand, the first separation area 5.1 second separation area 5.2 and third separation area 5.3 with the separation elements 5.1.1 . 5.2.1 . 5.3.1 for the particles, which each have the free cross sections 4 between the profile strands 1.2 . 1.3.2 to shape.

It is advantageous if the centrifugal separator is designed so that the profile strands 1.2 . 1.3 the first jetty 1.2.4 as well as its web-like extension 1.2.5 and the second jetty 1.3 , both for stabilizing the air flow and for fastening the profile strands 1.2 . 1.3 in the frame 2 by means of the connecting means 2.2 have.

At least one of the separation areas 5.1 . 5.2 . 5.3 together with at least one of the functionally associated or associated chamber-like, open profile sections 1.3.1 . 1.3.4 . 1.2.2 form the so-called "virtual cyclones" for the separation of the particles.Generally, the centrifugal separator in the separation grid 3 Consequently, partially functioning features of a centrifugal-virtual cyclone separator.

• a) der Rahmen 2 die darin vertikal und parallel zueinander verlaufenden ersten und zweiten Profilstränge 1.2, 1.3 aufnimmt,
• b) die Länge (l) der Profilstränge 1.2, 1.3 sich innerhalb der Höhe (H) des Fliehkraftabscheiders als Abscheidegitter 3 erstreckt, die Profilstränge 1.2, 1.3 in etwa die Tiefe (T) des Fliehkraftabscheiders ausfüllen und die Anzahl der vertikal und parallel zueinander verlaufenden Profilstränge 1.2, 1.3 innerhalb der Breite B des Fliehkraftabscheiders 1 angeordnet sind und so eine Breit B1 des Abscheidegitters 3 bilden und
• c) der Abführbereich 2.1 zur Abführung der abgeschiedenen Partikel vorgesehen ist.

The design of the centrifugal separator is to be designed so that

• a) the frame 2 the first and second profile strands running vertically and parallel to one another 1.2 . 1.3 receives
• b) the length (l) of the profile strands 1.2 . 1.3 within the height (H) of the centrifugal separator as Abscheidegitter 3 extends, the profile strands 1.2 . 1.3 fill in about the depth (T) of the centrifugal separator and the number of vertical and parallel profile strands 1.2 . 1.3 within the width B of the centrifugal separator 1 are arranged and so a wide B1 of Abscheidegitters 3 form and
• c) the discharge area 2.1 is provided for discharging the deposited particles.

Of the Centrifugal separator can be useful to the the inflowing Air exposed surfaces and / or the outflowing Air exposed surfaces Covered by perforated plates or sieve-like structures, not shown be.

In addition, it is possible in the closed cavities of the flow profiles, such as at 1.2.1 To arrange heating elements, for example, the encounter of extreme ice / snow loads of the incoming air.

Of the Centrifugal separator can in its installation position up to +/- 45 ° from the Vertical deviations and have such an outer shape, that of the respective shaping of the plant, machine, the vehicle and the like. Both in terms of design and dimensioning is adaptable, without affecting the functions of the invention.

The Invention is for the practice then of greatest benefit, in terms of properties that affect the flow and Obtain separation mechanisms and constructive features, if all Features of the centrifugal separator functionally and constructively linked consistently for the primary use of a 100% separation of the liquid particles applied and executed become.

• a) die mit einer Geschwindigkeit im Bereich von 0,5...1 bis zum Bereich von 6...8 m/s einströmende Luft vorteilhaft um den Faktor bis zu 4 zu beschleunigen,
• b) flüssige Partikel aus der Luft mit einem Abscheidewirkungsgrad von bis zu 100 % bei einer Tröpfchengröße von 20 μm abzuscheiden,
• c) feste Partikel aus der Luft mit einem Abscheidewirkungsgrad ebenfalls von nahezu 100 % bei einer Korngröße von 60 μm und einer Dichte von 2,66 kg/m³ abzutrennen und/oder
• d) daß die hinter den Querschnitten entspannt ausströmende Luft einen relativ geringen und funktionell vernachlässigbaren Druckverlust aufweist.

It thus becomes possible, depending on the initial premises,

• a) advantageously accelerating the air flowing in at a speed in the range from 0.5 to 1 to the range of 6 to 8 m / s by a factor of up to 4;
• b) separating liquid particles from the air with a separation efficiency of up to 100% with a droplet size of 20 μm,
• c) separate solid particles from the air with a separation efficiency likewise of almost 100% with a particle size of 60 μm and a density of 2.66 kg / m ³ and / or
• d) that the relaxed flowing behind the cross-sections air has a relatively low and functionally negligible pressure loss.

For the application The invention in rail traction vehicles are overflow speeds of up to to 350 km / h to the centrifugal separator without accepting previous Disadvantages such as loss of function allows. Even the previously dominant and detrimental working sounds largely degraded in the inventive design and without practical meaning.

Also the assembly of the required extruded profiles and their fixation can be easily achieved via detachable or non-detachable connections respectively.

Le

page and direction of the incoming air

La

page and direction of the outflowing air

1.2

first extruded

1.2.1

inflow profile

1.2.2

open third profile section

1.2.3

third removal edge

1.2.4

first web

1.2.5

web-like extension

1.3

second extruded

1.3.1

open first profile section

1.3.2

first removal edge

1.3.3

second web

1.3.4

open second profile section

1.3.5

second removal edge

2

frame

2.1

discharge area

2.2

connecting means

3

separator grid

4

free Cross section with indicated air duct

4.1

nozzle-shaped itself tapered cross-section

4.2

yourself expanding cross section

5.1

first separation zone

5.1.1

first separating element

5.2

second separation zone

5.2.1

second separating element

5.3

third separation zone

5.3.1

third separating element

l

Length of one profile extrusion

b

width a profile strand

H

Height of the centrifugal separator

B

width of the centrifugal separator

B1

width of the separation grid

T

depth of the centrifugal separator

Claims (11)

Centrifugal separator for the separation of particles, such as dust and / or water from the air flowing through the centrifugal separator, by means of a Abscheidegitters ( 3 ), comprising the form of a three-dimensional, flat construction and assembly unit, for systems such as ventilation, heaters, air conditioning units and / or equipment for air supply of machinery, engines and the like, also for equipment, machinery and the like in vehicles, with in centrifugal and vertical arranged in parallel, the separation grid ( 3 ) forming strands of profiles, which flows from the air and in free cross sections ( 4 ) are flowed through and for the deposition of the particles successively formed offset deposition areas, characterized by first profile strands ( 1.2 ) and second profile strands ( 1.3 ), which with their open in the flow direction profile sections ( 1.3.1 . 1.3.4 . 1.2.2 ) first, second and third deposition areas ( 5.1 . 5.2 . 5.3 ) with correspondingly formed separating elements ( 5.1.1 . 5.2.1 . 5.3.1 ). Centrifugal separator according to claim 1, characterized by a) the first profile strands ( 1.2 ), which (seen in the flow direction) initially the convexly curved inflow profile ( 1.2.1 ) having an upper surface deflected inwards approximately 45 °, which is the first web ( 1.2.4 ) and at the end of the open third profile section ( 1.2.2 ) with the third separation elements ( 5.3.1 ), which are rounded, open at the front and through the first 1.2.4 ) separate wing pairs with at third release edges ( 1.2.3 ) retracted collar are formed and thus represent two separate chamber-like collecting pockets and b) arranged parallel thereto second profile strands ( 1.3 ), which (as seen in the flow direction), first the flowed open first profile sections ( 1.3.1 ), which of rounded wings with at the first release edges ( 1.3.2 are formed collar and thus include chamber-like collecting pockets, which in turn connect a pair of separate chamber-like collecting pockets which the open second profile sections ( 1.3.4 ) with the second separation edges ( 1.3.5 ), which second profile sections ( 1.3.4 ) in the second bridge ( 1.3.3 ) pass over. Centrifugal separator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a) a cross section of the first profiled strand ( 1.2 ), which in the direction of the air guide first the inflow profile ( 1.2.1 ), then the first footbridge ( 1.2.4 ) and the open third profile section ( 1.2.2 ), b) a cross section of the second profile strand ( 1.3 ), which in the direction of the air flow as a flowed profile the open first profile section ( 1.3.1 ) and then the open second profile section ( 1.3.4 ), and c) an alternating arrangement of the profile strands ( 1.2 . 1.3 ), in the direction of the air duct over a depth (T) of the centrifugal separator through-flowable free cross sections ( 4 ), which - on the one hand, the nozzle-shaped tapered free cross-sections ( 4.1 ) for accelerating the velocity of the incoming air to which the enlarging free cross-sections ( 4.2 ) to reduce the velocity of the air to its partial stowage and to reduce the pressure losses and - on the other hand, the first separation area ( 5.1 ), second separation area ( 5.2 ) and third separation area ( 5.3 ) with the separation elements ( 5.1.1 . 5.2.1 . 5.3.1 ) for the particles, which in each case the free cross sections ( 4 ) between the profile strands ( 1.2 . 1.3 ) to shape. Centrifugal separator according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the profiled strands ( 1.2 . 1.3 ) the first bridge ( 1.2.4 ) and its web-like extension ( 1.2.5 ) and the second bridge ( 1.3.3 ) both for stabilizing the air flow and for fastening the profile strands ( 1.2 . 1.3 ) in a framework ( 2 ). Centrifugal separator according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one of the separation regions ( 5.1 . 5.2 . 5.3 ) together with at least one of the functionally associated or connected chamber-like, open profile sections ( 1.3.1 . 1.3.4 . 1.2.2 ) Represent "virtual cyclones" for the separation of the particles or the centrifugal separator in the separation grid ( 3 ) has partially functional features of a centrifugal-cyclonic cyclone. Centrifugal separator according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by means ( 2.2 ) for connection to the frame ( 2 ). Centrifugal separator according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a) the frame ( 2 ) with the first and second profile strands running vertically and parallel to one another ( 1.2 . 1.3 ), b) the length (l) of the profile strands ( 1.2 . 1.3 ) within the height (H) of the centrifugal separator as Abscheidegitter ( 3 ), the profile strands ( 1.2 . 1.3 ) approximately fill in the depth (T) of the centrifugal separator and the number of vertical and parallel profile strands ( 1.2 . 1.3 ) are arranged within the width (B) of the centrifugal separator and so the Abscheidegitter ( 3 ) and c) the discharge area ( 2.1 ) is provided for discharging the deposited particles. Centrifugal separator according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the profiled strands ( 1.2 . 1.3 ) as part of ( 2 ) Soluble or insoluble via the means ( 2.2 ) are attached. Centrifugal separator according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the the inflowing Air exposed surface and / or the outflowing Air exposed surface are covered by perforated plates or screens, not shown. Centrifugal separator according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by an installation position that is up to +/- 45 ° from the Vertical deviates. Centrifugal separator according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by such an outer shape, the respective Shaping the plant, machine, the vehicle and the like. Both in terms the design and the dimensioning is adaptable.