DE2016452A1 - Protective means against laser radiation - Google Patents
Protective means against laser radiationInfo
- Publication number
- DE2016452A1 DE2016452A1 DE19702016452 DE2016452A DE2016452A1 DE 2016452 A1 DE2016452 A1 DE 2016452A1 DE 19702016452 DE19702016452 DE 19702016452 DE 2016452 A DE2016452 A DE 2016452A DE 2016452 A1 DE2016452 A1 DE 2016452A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- laser radiation
- means against
- against laser
- foils
- laser
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010979 ruby Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001750 ruby Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/066—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms by using masks
- B23K26/0661—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms by using masks disposed on the workpiece
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/04—Protection of tissue around surgical sites against effects of non-mechanical surgery, e.g. laser surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/02—Goggles
- A61F9/022—Use of special optical filters, e.g. multiple layers, filters for protection against laser light or light from nuclear explosions, screens with different filter properties on different parts of the screen; Rotating slit-discs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/066—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms by using masks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
- B23K26/706—Protective screens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/006—Safety devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/04—Protection of tissue around surgical sites against effects of non-mechanical surgery, e.g. laser surgery
- A61B2090/049—Protection of tissue around surgical sites against effects of non-mechanical surgery, e.g. laser surgery against light, e.g. laser
Landscapes
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
SIGRIELEKTROGRAPHITGMBH Meitingen fa«u * -SIGRIELEKTROGRAPHITGMBH Meitingen fa «u * -
Augsburg A APR. ί37ίAugsburg A APR. ί37ί
Schutzmittel gegen Laserstrahlung 7 0/14 Protection against laser radiation 7 0/14
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schutzmittel gegen kontinuierliche und gepulste Laserstrahlung. The invention relates to a means of protection against continuous and pulsed laser radiation.
Laseranordnungen emittieren im Gegensatz zu allen bisher bekannten Energiequellen die gesamte Leistung innerhalb eines sehr kleinen Öffnungswinkels. Durdh Fokussierung der kohärenten Strahlung mit Hilfe geeigneter optischer Vorrichtungen kann die Leistungsdichte darüberhinaus erhöht werden und es wurden bereits Leistungsdichten erreicht, die um den Faktor 10 größer sind, als die mit der Sonnenstrahlung maximal erreichbaren Leistungsdichten. Laser sind deshalb neben der Nachrichtentechnik für die Bearbeitung von Feststoffen, z.B. zum Schweißen, Schneiden, Bohren und dergleichen interessant geworden.In contrast to all of them, laser arrays emit previously known energy sources the entire power within a very small opening angle. Durdh focusing the coherent radiation with the help In addition, suitable optical devices can and have increased the power density already achieved power densities that are 10 times greater than those with solar radiation maximum achievable power densities. Lasers are therefore used in processing alongside communications technology of solids, e.g. for welding, cutting, drilling and the like have become interesting.
Die Leistungsdichten von Laserstrahlen von mehr alsThe power densities of laser beams of more than
7 2
10 W/cm ermöglichen begrenzte Bereiche von Werkstücken auf so hohe .Temperaturen zu erhitzen, daß der. Stoff
explosionsartig verdampft. Wegen der hohen Leistungsdichte ist es andererseits schwierig, Menschen, Werkzeuge,
Apparaturen und dergleichen gegen unbeabsichtigte oder auch beabsichtigte Laserbestrahlung zu schützen.
Die bekanntgewordenen Schutzmittel gegen Laserstrahlung sind aus hochschmelzenden Metallen oder keramischen
Stoffen bestehende starre Wände, die wegen ihres großen
Gewichtes schwer zu handhaben sind und sich zum Schutz von beweglichen Objekten nicht eignen.7 2
10 W / cm allow limited areas of workpieces to be heated to such high temperatures that the. Substance vaporizes explosively. On the other hand, because of the high power density, it is difficult to protect people, tools, apparatus and the like against unintentional or even intentional laser irradiation. The protective means against laser radiation that have become known are rigid walls made of refractory metals or ceramic materials , which are difficult to handle because of their great weight and are not suitable for protecting moving objects.
PA 9/14/70 Dr· We/ost - 2 -PA 9/14/70 Dr We / ost - 2 -
ι ■ι ■
T09844/U48T09844 / U48
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Menschen, Werkzeuge, Apparaturen und dergleichen vmit nichtstarren, gewichtsmäßig leichten Anordnungen gegen Laserbestrahlung zu schützen. Wirkungsvolle Schutzmittel gegen Laserbestrahlungen sind riach der Erfindung aus flexiblen Graphitfolien bestehende Schirme • und Anzüge. Die überraschende Wirkung von erfindungsgemäßen Schutzmitteln beruht vermutlich darauf, daß als Folge der Anisotropie von Graphitfolien - die Wärmeleitfähigkeit bei Zimmertemperatur beträgt in W der Folienebene 10 bis 20 W/sec giri, senkrecht zur Folienebene weniger als 0,1 W/sec grd- im Brennfleck des Laserstrahls übertragene Energie vorzugsweise parallel zur Folienfläche abgeleitet wird, wodurch die Energiedichte nicht mehr ausreicht, Kohlenstoff zu verdampfen.The present invention is based on the object of protecting people, tools, apparatus and the like with non-rigid, light-weight arrangements against laser irradiation. Effective means of protection against laser radiation are, according to the invention, screens and suits made of flexible graphite foils. The surprising effect of protective agents according to the invention is presumably based on the fact that, as a result of the anisotropy of graphite foils - the thermal conductivity at room temperature in W of the foil plane is 10 to 20 W / sec giri, perpendicular to the foil plane less than 0.1 W / sec grad in the focal point The energy transmitted by the laser beam is preferably diverted parallel to the film surface, as a result of which the energy density is no longer sufficient to vaporize carbon.
Nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind auf Werkstücke flexible Graphitfolien, die Ausnehmungen aufweisen, als Masken angeordnet, so daß nur die Werkstückteile unterhalb von Ausnehmungen durch Laserbestrahlung abgetragen werden. Die flexiblen Graphitfc folien bestehen nach der Erfindung aus bindemittellos verpreßtem expandiertem Graphit, der nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung durch eingelagerte Graphitfasern oder -gewebe verstärkt ist.According to one embodiment of the invention, flexible graphite foils that have recesses are on workpieces, arranged as masks, so that only the workpiece parts below the recesses by laser irradiation be removed. According to the invention, the flexible graphite foils consist of no binding agents compressed expanded graphite, which according to a further embodiment of the invention by embedded Graphite fibers or fabric is reinforced.
Die mit der Erfindung erzielbaren Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daß Schutzmittel nach der Erfindung durch einfaches Biegen den Formen der zu schützenden Gegenstände anzupassen sind und der Schutz von bewegten Gegenständen und Menschen durch gewichtsmäßig leichte The advantages that can be achieved with the invention are, in particular, that protection means according to the invention can be adapted to the shapes of the objects to be protected by simply bending them, and the protection of moving objects and people by means of light weight
PA 9/14/70 Dr. We/ost - 3 -PA 9/14/70 Dr. We / east - 3 -
109844/1448109844/1448
Schirme oder Anzüge möglich ist. Durch erfindungsgemäße Masken" wird bei der Bearbeitung von Werkstücken mit Laserstrahlung vor allem die zur Einrichtung der Laseranordnung erforderliche Zeit vermindert. Umbrellas or suits are possible. Using masks according to the invention "is used when machining workpieces with laser radiation mainly reduces the time required to set up the laser assembly.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden beispielhaft beschrieben. The invention is described below by way of example.
Naturgraphit mit einer mittleren Teilchengröße von 0,1 mm wurde nach einer Behandlung mit Salpetersäure durch kurzzeitiges Erhitzen auf etwa 800 expandiert und dann ohne Zusatz von Bindemitteln auf einem Walzwerk zu Folien, deren Stärke 0,1 bis 5 mm betrug, gepreßt. Die flexiblen Folien wurden zu rechteckigen Schirmen zugeschnitten und mit Laserlicht bestrahlt. Mit einem kontinuierlichen Kohlendioxid-Laser, dessen Leistung 100 W und dessen Brennfleckdurchmesser etwa 1 mm betrugen, waren zur Durchbohrung einer 0,1 mm'starken Folie ca. 3 see erforderlich. Folien mit einer Stärke von 2 mm konnten mit dieser Laser-Anordnung nicht durchlöchert werden.Natural graphite with a mean particle size of 0.1 mm was obtained after treatment with nitric acid expanded to about 800 by brief heating and then without the addition of binders pressed on a rolling mill to give foils with a thickness of 0.1 to 5 mm. The flexible foils were cut into rectangular screens and irradiated with laser light. With a continuous Carbon dioxide laser with a power of 100 W and a focal spot diameter of around 1 mm, Approx. 3 seconds were required to pierce a 0.1 mm thick film. Foils with a thickness of 2 mm could not be perforated with this laser arrangement.
Weitere Folien wurden mit einem Rubin-Laser, dessen Impuls-Leistung 40 kW betrug, bestrahlt. Während zum Durchlöchern einer 2 mm-starken Folie 3 bis Impulse erforderlich waren, gelang es nicht, in Folien mit einer Stärke von 5 mm Locher herzustellen. Die Folien wiesen nach der Bestrahlung lediglich kleinere, blasenartige Wölbungen an der Oberfläche auf.Further foils were irradiated with a ruby laser, the pulse power of which was 40 kW. While to perforate a 2 mm thick film 3 until pulses were required, it did not succeed in Making foils with a thickness of 5 mm hole punch. After the irradiation, the foils only showed smaller, bubble-like bulges on the surface.
PA 9/14/70 Dr. We/ost - - 4 -PA 9/14/70 Dr. We / east - - 4 -
10 98U/U.4810 98U / U.48
Eine 5 mm starke Folie wurde dann mit einer feinen Nadel durchbohrt, auf einem Lagerstein aus Rubin angeordnet und mit der gleichen Leistung erneut bestrahlt. Dabei verdampfte der Rubin in Verlängerung der Bohrung, wodurch ein glatter, dem Bohrungsdurchmesser entsprechender Durchbruch entstand.A 5 mm thick sheet was then pierced with a fine needle and placed on a ruby jewel and irradiated again with the same power. The ruby evaporated in extension the hole, creating a smooth breakthrough corresponding to the diameter of the hole.
Zum Schutz von größeren Werkstücken und Apparaturen erwies es sich als vorteilhaft, die erfindungsgemäßen Folien durch Graphitfasern oder Graphitgewebe mechanisch zu verstärken. Zur Herstellung von verstärkten Folien,., nach der Erfindung werden auf mit Kunstharzen, z.B. Furanharzen oder Phenolformaldehydharzen, beschichtete Graphitfasern oder -Geweben expandierte Graphite ein- oder vorzugsweise zweiseitig gewalzt oder gepreßt.To protect larger workpieces and equipment, it has been found to be advantageous to use the To mechanically reinforce foils with graphite fibers or graphite mesh. For the production of reinforced foils,., according to the invention are coated with synthetic resins, for example furan resins or phenol-formaldehyde resins Graphite fibers or fabrics, expanded graphite, rolled or pressed on one side or preferably on both sides.
4 Patentansprüche4 claims
PA 9/14/70 Dr. We/ost - 5 -PA 9/14/70 Dr. We / east - 5 -
1098A4/U481098A4 / U48
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19702016452 DE2016452C3 (en) | 1970-04-07 | Protective means against laser radiation | |
| FR7104288A FR2092012B1 (en) | 1970-04-07 | 1971-02-09 | |
| US00123589A US3720836A (en) | 1970-04-07 | 1971-03-12 | Protection from laser radiation |
| GB25564/71A GB1279589A (en) | 1970-04-07 | 1971-04-19 | Laser radiation protection means |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19702016452 DE2016452C3 (en) | 1970-04-07 | Protective means against laser radiation |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2016452A1 true DE2016452A1 (en) | 1971-10-28 |
| DE2016452B2 DE2016452B2 (en) | 1977-05-18 |
| DE2016452C3 DE2016452C3 (en) | 1977-12-29 |
Family
ID=
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0204500A2 (en) * | 1985-06-05 | 1986-12-10 | Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. | Laser beam resistant material |
| DE102012201627A1 (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2013-08-08 | Laservision Gmbh & Co. Kg | Laser protection device with at least two layers of fabric |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0204500A2 (en) * | 1985-06-05 | 1986-12-10 | Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. | Laser beam resistant material |
| EP0204500A3 (en) * | 1985-06-05 | 1988-12-07 | Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. | Laser beam resistant material |
| DE102012201627A1 (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2013-08-08 | Laservision Gmbh & Co. Kg | Laser protection device with at least two layers of fabric |
| DE102012201627B4 (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2013-09-05 | Laservision Gmbh & Co. Kg | Laser protection device with at least two layers of fabric |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2016452B2 (en) | 1977-05-18 |
| US3720836A (en) | 1973-03-13 |
| FR2092012A1 (en) | 1972-01-21 |
| FR2092012B1 (en) | 1974-05-10 |
| GB1279589A (en) | 1972-06-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) | ||
| E77 | Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977 | ||
| EHJ | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |