DE19951216B4 - Method for controlling a fuel cell assembly - Google Patents

Method for controlling a fuel cell assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
DE19951216B4
DE19951216B4 DE19951216A DE19951216A DE19951216B4 DE 19951216 B4 DE19951216 B4 DE 19951216B4 DE 19951216 A DE19951216 A DE 19951216A DE 19951216 A DE19951216 A DE 19951216A DE 19951216 B4 DE19951216 B4 DE 19951216B4
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Prior art keywords
network
power
fuel cell
public
fed
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Expired - Fee Related
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DE19951216A
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German (de)
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DE19951216A1 (en
Inventor
Joachim Berg
Martin Bielski
Thomas Dr. Hocker
Reinhold Kehl
Jochen Paulus
Seonhi Dr. Ro
Joachim Schürholz
Kerstin Wagner
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VAILLANT GMBH, 42859 REMSCHEID, DE
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Vaillant GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Brennstoffzellenanordnung (5) zur Versorgung eines Hausnetzes (8), das mit einem öffentlichen elektrischen Netz (10) verbunden ist, wobei ein Arbeits- und/oder Leistungsmesser (9) die momentane in das Hausnetz (8) eingespeiste Leistung oder die in das öffentliche Netz (10) aus dem Hausnetz (8) eingespeiste Leistung erfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennstoffzellenanordnung (5) in Abhängigkeit vom momentanen Leistungsbedarf des Hausnetzes (8) geregelt wird, wobei die Stromerzeugung der Brennstoffzellen (5) gedrosselt wird, sobald elektrische Leistung aus dem Hausnetz (8) in das öffentliche Netz (10) gespeist wird.A method for controlling a fuel cell arrangement (5) for supplying a domestic network (8) which is connected to a public electrical network (10), wherein a working and / or power meter (9) the current in the home network (8) fed power or the power fed into the public network (10) from the domestic network (8), characterized in that the fuel cell assembly (5) is controlled in dependence on the instantaneous power requirement of the domestic network (8), wherein the power generation of the fuel cell (5) is throttled as soon as electrical power from the domestic network (8) in the public network (10) is fed.

Figure 00000001
Figure 00000001

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Brennstoffzellenanordnung zur Versorgung eines Hausnetzes gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a method for controlling a fuel cell arrangement for supplying a domestic network according to the preamble of claim 1.

Drehstromzähler werden heute dazu benutzt, Energieflüsse vom öffentlichen Netz in ein Hausnetz zu bestimmen und daraus Daten für die Kostenrechnung mit einem Elektrizitätsversorgungsunternehmen zu gewinnen. Bei Hausnetzen, in denen photovoltaische Elemente enthalten sind, aber auch bei Hausnetzen der eingangs erwähnten Art, sind Arbeitszähler im Einsatz, die getrennt Strombezug und Stromeinspeisung in das öffentliche Netz erfassen. Dies geschieht ebenfalls nur zum Zweck der späteren Abrechnung und hat keinen Einfluss auf die Steuerung des im Haushaltsnetz integrierten Stromerzeugers.Three-phase meters are used today to determine energy flows from the public grid into a home network and to obtain data for cost accounting with an electricity supply company. In house networks, in which photovoltaic elements are included, but also in house networks of the type mentioned above, are working counter in use, the separate capture electricity and power feed into the public grid. This is also done only for the purpose of subsequent billing and has no impact on the control of the integrated household power generator.

Bei Hausnetzen mit photovoltaischen Elementen, deren Primärenergie, das Sonnenlicht, kostenlos ist, stört der in der Regel sehr erhebliche Tarifunterschied zwischen Energiebezug aus dem öffentlichen Netz und der Einspeisung in ein solches nicht. Anders verhält es sich bei elektrischen Energieerzeugern, bei denen der Einsatz der notwendigen Primärenergie mit Kosten verbunden ist, wie dies bei Brennstoffzellen der Fall ist.In the case of home networks with photovoltaic elements whose primary energy, sunlight, is free of charge, the generally very significant difference in tariffs between the receipt of energy from the public network and the feed into it does not bother. The situation is different with electric power generators, in which the use of the necessary primary energy is associated with costs, as is the case with fuel cells.

Bei solchen ergeben sich bei einer Einspeisung in ein öffentliches Netz meist höhere Kosten für das eingesetzte Brenngas, z. B. Methan, als diejenige Summe, die bei einer Einspeisung von Überschußstrom in ein öffentliches Netz vom Elektrizitätsversorgungsunternehmen vergütet wird.In such case, when fed into a public network usually higher costs for the fuel gas used, eg. As methane, as that sum, which is remunerated in an infeed of surplus electricity in a public network from the electricity utility.

EP 568 822 B1 beschreibt ein Energieversorgungssystem, bei dem die Summe aus Energiekosten, Primärenergieeinsatz und Umweltbelastung minimiert werden soll; diese Vorrichtung kann eine Brennstoffzelle umfassen. EP 568 822 B1 describes an energy supply system that aims to minimize the sum of energy costs, primary energy use and environmental impact; this device may include a fuel cell.

Die DE 195 35 752 A1 beschreibt ein Hausenergieversorgungssystem, bei dem verschiedene Einflussfaktoren die Ganglinie für den Verbrauch und die Erzeugung bestimmen und diese Führungsgröße aufgrund aktueller Systemgrößen korrigiert wird. Mit einem Wärme- und Elektroenergiespeicher wird die Strom- und Wärmeerzeugung des Motorgenerators teilweise entkoppelt; überschüssige Energie wird in diesen Speichern gepuffert und kann somit bei kurzfristig erhöhten elektrischen Leistungsspitzen abgerufen werden, so dass ein Hochfahren des BHKW nicht zwangsläufig notwendig ist. Gegenebenenfalls werden einzelne Verbraucher kurzzeitig abgeschaltet.The DE 195 35 752 A1 describes a domestic energy supply system in which various influencing factors determine the hydrograph for consumption and production and this reference variable is corrected on the basis of current system sizes. With a heat and electric energy storage, the power and heat generation of the motor generator is partially decoupled; Excess energy is buffered in these memories and can thus be retrieved at short-term increased electrical power peaks, so that a startup of the CHP is not necessarily necessary. If necessary, individual consumers are switched off for a short time.

Ziel der Erfindung ist es, bei einem Verfahren der eingangs erwähnten Art die Nachteile des Standes der Technik zu vermeiden und ein Verfahren der eingangs erwähnen Art vorzuschlagen, das einen optimalen Einsatz der für den Betrieb der Brennstoffzellenanordnung erforderlichen Primärenergie ermöglicht.The aim of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art in a method of the type mentioned and to propose a method of the initially mentioned type, which allows optimal use of the required for the operation of the fuel cell assembly primary energy.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies bei einem Verfahren der eingangs erwähnten Art durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 erreicht.According to the invention this is achieved in a method of the type mentioned by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Durch die vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen ist sichergestellt, dass ein Einsatz von Primärenergie in einem über die Deckung des Bedarfs an elektrischer Energie des Hausnetzes hinausgehenden Ausmaß vermieden werden kann.The proposed measures ensure that the use of primary energy can be avoided to an extent beyond the coverage of the electrical energy demand of the domestic network.

Durch die vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen kann vermieden werden, dass bei abnehmendem elektrischen Energiebedarf des Hausnetzes die Belastung der Brennstoffzellen auf einem zu hohen Niveau gehalten wird und elektrische Energie in das öffentliche Netz eingespeist wird.The proposed measures can be avoided that with decreasing electrical energy consumption of the house network, the load on the fuel cell is kept at a high level and electrical energy is fed into the public grid.

Allerdings ist eine solche Lösung nur dann zweckmäßig, wenn der Arbeits-Zähler eine ausreichend hohe Genauigkeit aufweist.However, such a solution is only useful if the working counter has a sufficiently high accuracy.

Durch die vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen des abhängigen Anspruchs 2 kann die Steuerung der Brennstoffzellen mit hoher Genauigkeit erfolgen und rasch auf Änderungen in der Belastung des elektrischen Hausnetzes reagiert werden.The proposed measures of the dependent claim 2, the control of the fuel cell can be done with high accuracy and respond quickly to changes in the load of the electrical house network.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert, die schematisch ein von dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren versorgtes Hausnetz zeigt.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, which shows schematically a supplied by the inventive method home network.

Das Hausnetz 8 weist Brennstoffzellen 5 auf, denen die üblichen, jedoch nicht dargestellten Hilfsaggregate, wie Reformer u. dgl., zugeordnet sind.The house network 8th has fuel cells 5 on, the usual, but not shown auxiliary units, such as reformer u. Like., Are assigned.

An eine elektrische Ausleitung 11 der Brennstoffzellen 5 sind ein elektronisches Stellglied 6 und ein Wechselrichter 7 angeschlossen, der das Hausnetz 8 speist.To an electrical outlet 11 the fuel cells 5 are an electronic actuator 6 and an inverter 7 connected to the house network 8th fed.

Den Brennstoffzellen 5 ist eine Regelvorrichtung 1 zugeordnet. Diese ist über Steuerleitungen 12, 13 mit einem in einer zu den Brennstoffzellen 5 führenden Gasleitung 14 angeordneten Stellventil 3 zur Steuerung der Gaszufuhr und einem in einer Wasserleitung 15, die ebenfalls zu den Brennstoffzellen 5 bzw. deren Reformer führt, angeordneten Stellventil 4 verbunden.The fuel cells 5 is a control device 1 assigned. This is via control lines 12 . 13 with one in one to the fuel cells 5 leading gas line 14 arranged control valve 3 for controlling the gas supply and one in a water pipe 15 which are also fuel cells 5 or whose reformer leads, arranged control valve 4 connected.

Weiter ist die Regelvorrichtung 1 über eine Signalleitung 16, über die der Belastung der Brennstoffzellen 5 entsprechende Signale übertragen werden, und über eine weitere Signalleitung 2 mit einem mit einem Vor-/Rücklaufzähler 17 kombinierten Arbeits- und/oder Leistungsmesser 9 verbunden.Next is the control device 1 via a signal line 16 , about the load of fuel cells 5 corresponding signals are transmitted, and via another signal line 2 with one with a forward / reverse counter 17 combined work and / or power meter 9 connected.

An diesem Arbeits- und/oder Leistungsmesser 9 ist ein öffentliches Netz 10 angeschlossen, wobei der Arbeits- und/oder Leistungsmesser 9 die momentane in das Hausnetz 8 eingespeiste Leistung oder die in das öffentliche Netz 10 aus dem Hausnetz 8 eingespeiste Leistung erfasst, wobei der zugeordnete Vor-/Rücklaufzähler 17 entsprechend vorwärts- bzw. rückwärts zählt und entsprechende Signale über eine Leitung 18 an die Regelvorrichtung 1 liefert.At this work and / or power meter 9 is a public network 10 connected, with the working and / or power meter 9 the momentary in the home network 8th fed power or in the public network 10 from the house network 8th supplied power is detected, with the associated flow / return counter 17 accordingly forwards or backwards counts and corresponding signals via a line 18 to the control device 1 supplies.

Diese Steuerung regelt die Belastung bzw. die Stromerzeugung der Brennstoffzellen 5 durch entsprechendes Stellen der Stellventile 3 und 4 in der Weise, dass die Stromerzeugung gedrosselt wird, sobald elektrische Leistung aus dem Hausnetz 8 in das öffentliche Netz gespeist wird. Die Absenkung der Stromerzeugung der Brennstoffzellen 5 erfolgt dabei in einem solchen Ausmaß, dass der Bedarf an elektrischer Energie für das Hausnetz 8 noch vollständig von den Brennstoffzellen 5 gedeckt wird. Dies erfolgt in der Weise, dass die Zufuhr von Gas und Wasser zu den Brennstoffzellen 5 mittels der Stellventile 3 und 4 gedrosselt wird.This control regulates the load or the power generation of the fuel cells 5 by appropriate adjustment of the control valves 3 and 4 in such a way that the power generation is throttled, once electric power from the house network 8th is fed into the public network. Lowering the power generation of fuel cells 5 takes place to such an extent that the need for electrical energy for the home network 8th still completely from the fuel cells 5 is covered. This is done in such a way that the supply of gas and water to the fuel cells 5 by means of the control valves 3 and 4 is throttled.

Claims (2)

Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Brennstoffzellenanordnung (5) zur Versorgung eines Hausnetzes (8), das mit einem öffentlichen elektrischen Netz (10) verbunden ist, wobei ein Arbeits- und/oder Leistungsmesser (9) die momentane in das Hausnetz (8) eingespeiste Leistung oder die in das öffentliche Netz (10) aus dem Hausnetz (8) eingespeiste Leistung erfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennstoffzellenanordnung (5) in Abhängigkeit vom momentanen Leistungsbedarf des Hausnetzes (8) geregelt wird, wobei die Stromerzeugung der Brennstoffzellen (5) gedrosselt wird, sobald elektrische Leistung aus dem Hausnetz (8) in das öffentliche Netz (10) gespeist wird.Method for controlling a fuel cell arrangement ( 5 ) for the supply of a home network ( 8th ) connected to a public electrical network ( 10 ), wherein a working and / or power meter ( 9 ) the current in the house network ( 8th ) fed into the public network ( 10 ) from the home network ( 8th ) input power, characterized in that the fuel cell arrangement ( 5 ) depending on the current power requirement of the household network ( 8th ), whereby the power generation of the fuel cells ( 5 ) is throttled as soon as electrical power from the home network ( 8th ) into the public network ( 10 ) is fed. Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Brennstoffzellenanordnung (5) zur Versorgung eines Hausnetzes (8) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Arbeits- und/oder Leistungsmesser (9) mit einem richtungsabhängigen Zähler (17) kombiniert ist.Method for controlling a fuel cell arrangement ( 5 ) for the supply of a home network ( 8th ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the working and / or power meter ( 9 ) with a directional counter ( 17 ) is combined.
DE19951216A 1998-10-16 1999-10-18 Method for controlling a fuel cell assembly Expired - Fee Related DE19951216B4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0172898A AT411805B (en) 1998-10-16 1998-10-16 METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A FUEL CELL ARRANGEMENT
AT1728/98 1998-10-16

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DE19951216A1 DE19951216A1 (en) 2000-04-20
DE19951216B4 true DE19951216B4 (en) 2011-05-12

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017215981A1 (en) 2017-09-11 2019-03-14 Audi Ag A method for operating a priority circuit for coupling at least one consumer output with at least two source inputs and priority switching

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE50000901D1 (en) * 1999-06-17 2003-01-23 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Process for regulating the heat emission from fuel cells
EP1764562A1 (en) * 2005-09-16 2007-03-21 RWE Fuel Cells GmbH Method for operating a fuel cell in a heating system
DE102011051074A1 (en) * 2011-06-15 2012-12-20 Rwe Effizienz Gmbh Controlling the use of energy

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3933707A1 (en) * 1988-10-10 1990-04-12 Iskra Sozd Elektro Indus Unstability compensation circuit for Hall sensor multiplier - compensates ageing of Hall sensor, nonlinearity and temp. variations
DE19535752A1 (en) * 1995-09-26 1997-03-27 Peter Dipl Ing Mumm Control of independent power generation system
EP0568822B1 (en) * 1992-04-06 1998-01-14 Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. Energy supply system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3933707A1 (en) * 1988-10-10 1990-04-12 Iskra Sozd Elektro Indus Unstability compensation circuit for Hall sensor multiplier - compensates ageing of Hall sensor, nonlinearity and temp. variations
EP0568822B1 (en) * 1992-04-06 1998-01-14 Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. Energy supply system
DE19535752A1 (en) * 1995-09-26 1997-03-27 Peter Dipl Ing Mumm Control of independent power generation system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017215981A1 (en) 2017-09-11 2019-03-14 Audi Ag A method for operating a priority circuit for coupling at least one consumer output with at least two source inputs and priority switching

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ATA172898A (en) 2003-10-15
DE19951216A1 (en) 2000-04-20
AT411805B (en) 2004-05-25
CH693918A5 (en) 2004-04-15

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