DE19939560A1 - Internal combustion engine has exhaust gas feedback into induction system, heater in feedback system to heat exhaust gas fed back and enable working temperature to be reached faster - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine has exhaust gas feedback into induction system, heater in feedback system to heat exhaust gas fed back and enable working temperature to be reached faster

Info

Publication number
DE19939560A1
DE19939560A1 DE19939560A DE19939560A DE19939560A1 DE 19939560 A1 DE19939560 A1 DE 19939560A1 DE 19939560 A DE19939560 A DE 19939560A DE 19939560 A DE19939560 A DE 19939560A DE 19939560 A1 DE19939560 A1 DE 19939560A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
exhaust gas
heating device
engine according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19939560A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Ulrich Doerges
Guenter Goergens
Steffen Hunkert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Priority to DE19939560A priority Critical patent/DE19939560A1/en
Publication of DE19939560A1 publication Critical patent/DE19939560A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
    • F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/65—Constructional details of EGR valves
    • F02M26/71—Multi-way valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The engine has exhaust gas feedback into induction system and a heater in the exhaust gas feedback system with which the exhaust gas fed back is heated to enable the engine and catalyser working temp. to be reached faster for a cold start. The heater can be connected in series or parallel with an exhaust gas cooler.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Brennkraftmaschine mit Abgasrückführung, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeuges mit katalytischer Abgasreinigung.The invention relates to an internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation, in particular one Motor vehicle with catalytic exhaust gas cleaning.

Zur Verbesserung der Abgaswerte einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Katalysator ist es bekannt, DE 41 23 789 A 1, diesen nach einem Kaltstart mittels einer Heizvorrichtung beschleunigt auf seine Betriebstemperatur zu bringen. Weiterhin ist es bekannt, US 5 398 747, die Abgaswärme einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine auf chemischem Weg zu speichern, um Speicherwärme bei einem Kaltstart an einen Katalysator oder auch zur Erwärmung des Fahrgastraumes abgeben zu können.To improve the exhaust gas values of an internal combustion engine with a catalyst, it is known DE 41 23 789 A 1, accelerates it after a cold start by means of a heating device bring its operating temperature. Furthermore, it is known, US 5 398 747 To store exhaust gas heat from an internal combustion engine in a chemical way Storage heat during a cold start on a catalytic converter or for heating the To be able to deliver the passenger compartment.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Verfügung zu stellen, die Betriebstemperatur einer Brennkraftmaschine und eines Katalysator noch schneller erreichen zu können, um den Schadstoffausstoß einer Brennkraftmaschine weiter zu minimieren.The object of the invention is to provide a further possibility that Reach the operating temperature of an internal combustion engine and a catalytic converter even faster to be able to further minimize the pollutant emissions of an internal combustion engine.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß aus dem Merkmalen des kennzeichnenden Teils des Patentanspruches 1. In der Abgasrückführung einer Brennkraftmaschine ist dabei eine Heizvorrichtung für das zurückgeführte Abgas angeordnet, die in der Kaltstartphase einer Brennkraftmaschine das zurückgeführte Abgas und damit den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine zusätzlich erwärmt, so daß diese ihre Betriebstemperatur schneller erreichen kann. Durch diese Erwärmung des rückgeführten Abgases wird zusätzlich eine Anhebung des Temperaturniveaus im Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine während deren Kaltstarts und somit eine optimalere Verbrennung in diesem Betriebsbereich erreicht, so daß der Schadstoffausstoß einer mit einer solchen Abgasrückführung mit Heizvorrichtung versehenen Brennkraftmaschine bei einem Kaltstart deutlich abgesenkt werden kann.This object is achieved according to the invention from the features of characterizing part of claim 1. In the exhaust gas recirculation The internal combustion engine has a heating device for the recirculated exhaust gas, which in the cold start phase of an internal combustion engine, the recirculated exhaust gas and thus the Combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine additionally heated, so that this is their Can reach operating temperature faster. Due to this warming of the returned Exhaust gas is additionally an increase in the temperature level in the combustion chamber Internal combustion engine during their cold starts and thus a more optimal combustion in reached this operating range, so that the pollutant emissions one with such Exhaust gas recirculation with an internal combustion engine provided during a cold start can be lowered significantly.

Vorteilhaft ist nicht nur das schnellere Erreichen der Betriebstemperatur der Brennkraftmaschine und des Katalysators, sondern gleichzeitig die Verbesserung des Heizungskomforts im Fahrgastraum eines Kraftfahrzeuges, der wesentlich zur Verkehrssicherheit beiträgt.It is not only advantageous that the operating temperature is reached more quickly Internal combustion engine and the catalyst, but at the same time improving the  Heating comfort in the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, which is essential Traffic safety contributes.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ergeben sich mit und in Kombination aus den weiteren Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous embodiments of the subject matter of the invention emerge with and in Combination of the further subclaims.

Die Heizvorrichtung kann wahlweise in Reihen- oder aber in Parallelschaltung mit einem Kühler für die Abgasrückführung angeordnet sein, wobei zusätzliche Umschaltventile oder Bypass-Leitungen dazwischengeschaltet sind.The heater can either be connected in series or in parallel with one Cooler for the exhaust gas recirculation can be arranged, with additional switching valves or Bypass lines are interposed.

Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Gegenstandes der Erfindung besteht die Heizvorrichtung aus einem Latentwärmespeicher, der seine Energie aus der Abwärme des Kühlwassers oder auch des Abgases bezieht, so daß sich die Energiebilanz und die Effektivität einer Brennkraftmaschine weiter verbessert.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the subject of the invention the heater consists of a latent heat accumulator, which derives its energy from the Waste heat of the cooling water or the exhaust gas refers, so that the energy balance and further improves the effectiveness of an internal combustion engine.

Die Heizvorrichtung kann ihre Energie alternativ aus einer elektrischen Zusatzheizung mit Heizwendeln oder aus einem Verbrennungsvorgang in einer separaten Brennkammer mit einem angeschlossenen Wärmetauscher beziehen. Denkbar ist weiterhin eine als Wärmespeicher ausgebildete Heizvorrichtung für das rückgeführte Abgas, in der im Fahrbetrieb erhitztes Kühlwasser in einem thermisch gut isolierten Behälter zwischengespeichert wird, welches seine Speicherwärme bei einem Motorstart über einen Wärmetauscher an das Abgas abgibt.The heating device can alternatively use an additional electric heater Heating coils or from a combustion process in a separate combustion chamber a connected heat exchanger. An as is also conceivable Heat storage trained heater for the recirculated exhaust gas in the Heated cooling water in a thermally well insulated container is temporarily stored, which stores its heat when starting an engine Emits heat exchanger to the exhaust gas.

Nachfolgend ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Endung anhand einer Skizze näher beschrieben.In the following, an embodiment of the extension is shown in more detail using a sketch described.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Prinzipskizze einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Latentwärmespeicher in Parallelschaltung mit einem Kühler der Abgasrückführung. Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an internal combustion engine with latent heat storage in parallel with a cooler of the exhaust gas recirculation.

Die Brennkraftmaschine 1 weist eine Abgasleitung 2 auf, von der vor einem Katalysator 8 eine Abgasrückführung 3 abzweigt und in ein Umschaltventil 7 führt, in dem der Abgasstrom je nach Betriebstemperatur der Brennkraftmaschine entweder durch eine Heizvorrichtung 5, wie etwa beim Kaltstart, oder durch einen Kühler 6 für den Abgasstrom geleitet wird, der anschließend in die Frischluftzuführung 4 eingespeist wird. The internal combustion engine 1 has an exhaust pipe 2 , from which an exhaust gas recirculation 3 branches off in front of a catalytic converter 8 and leads into a changeover valve 7 , in which the exhaust gas flow, depending on the operating temperature of the internal combustion engine, either through a heating device 5 , such as during a cold start, or through a cooler 6 is passed for the exhaust gas stream, which is then fed into the fresh air supply 4 .

Die Heizvorrichtung 5 ist hier als Wärmespeicher ausgebildet, der über Kühlwasserleitungen 9 mit erwärmtem Kühlwasser versorgt wird und dessen Wärme bei abgeschalteter Brennkraftmaschine auf physikalische Art und Weise durch einen thermisch isolierten Behälter oder auf chemischem Wege, sei es durch Hydration/Dehydration oder Kristallisierung/Verflüssigung eines Speichermaterials gespeichert wird.The heating device 5 is designed here as a heat accumulator, which is supplied with heated cooling water via cooling water lines 9 and whose heat when the internal combustion engine is switched off in a physical manner by means of a thermally insulated container or by chemical means, whether by hydration / dehydration or crystallization / liquefaction Storage material is saved.

Claims (10)

1. Brennkraftmaschine mit Abgasrückführung in den Ansaugtrakt, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeuges mit katalytischer Abgasreinigung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Abgasrückführung (3) eine Heizvorrichtung (5) für das zurückgeführte Abgas angeordnet ist, mit der bei einem Kaltstart der Brennkraftmaschine (1) deren Betriebstemperatur und die eines Abgaskatalysators (8) beschleunigt erreichbar ist.1. Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation in the intake tract, in particular a motor vehicle with catalytic exhaust gas purification, characterized in that a heating device ( 5 ) for the recirculated exhaust gas is arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation ( 3 ), with which the operating temperature when the internal combustion engine ( 1 ) is cold started and that of an exhaust gas catalytic converter ( 8 ) can be reached more quickly. 2. Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Heizvorrichtung (5) in einer Reihen- oder Parallelschaltung mit einem Kühler (6) für das rückgeführte Abgas angeordnet ist.2. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating device ( 5 ) is arranged in a series or parallel connection with a cooler ( 6 ) for the recirculated exhaust gas. 3. Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Abgasrückführung (3) ein Umschaltventil (7) oder ein Bypass um die Heizvorrichtung (5) angeordnet ist.3. Internal combustion engine according to claim 2, characterized in that a changeover valve ( 7 ) or a bypass around the heating device ( 5 ) is arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation ( 3 ). 4. Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Heizvorrichtung (5) aus einem Wärmespeicher besteht, der im Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine erzeugte Abwärme speichert.4. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating device ( 5 ) consists of a heat accumulator which stores waste heat generated during operation of the internal combustion engine. 5. Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der als Heizvorrichtung (5) ausgebildete Wärmespeicher die Abwärme des Abgases der Brennkraftmaschine (1) oder des Kühlwassers speichert. 5. Internal combustion engine according to claim 4, characterized in that the heat accumulator designed as a heating device ( 5 ) stores the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine ( 1 ) or the cooling water. 6. Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die als Wärmespeicher ausgebildete Heizvorrichtung (5) als Latentwärmespeicher ausgebildet ist.6. Internal combustion engine according to claim 4, characterized in that the heating device designed as a heat accumulator ( 5 ) is designed as a latent heat accumulator. 7. Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die als Wärmespeicher ausgebildete Heizvorrichtung (5) als stark thermisch isolierter Behälter ausgebildet ist.7. Internal combustion engine according to claim 4, characterized in that the heating device designed as a heat accumulator ( 5 ) is designed as a highly thermally insulated container. 8. Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Heizvorrichtung Heizwendel aufweist und elektrisch betreibbar ist.8. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating device has a heating coil and can be operated electrically. 9. Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Heizvorrichtung (5) eine Brennkammer und einen Wärmetauscher aufweist und mit Brennstoff betreibbar ist.9. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating device ( 5 ) has a combustion chamber and a heat exchanger and can be operated with fuel. 10. Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wärme der im Wärmespeicher ausgebildeten Heizvorrichtung (5) darin chemisch über Dehydration/Hydration eines Mediums gespeichert ist.10. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat of the heating device formed in the heat accumulator ( 5 ) is stored therein chemically via dehydration / hydration of a medium.
DE19939560A 1999-08-20 1999-08-20 Internal combustion engine has exhaust gas feedback into induction system, heater in feedback system to heat exhaust gas fed back and enable working temperature to be reached faster Withdrawn DE19939560A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19939560A DE19939560A1 (en) 1999-08-20 1999-08-20 Internal combustion engine has exhaust gas feedback into induction system, heater in feedback system to heat exhaust gas fed back and enable working temperature to be reached faster

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19939560A DE19939560A1 (en) 1999-08-20 1999-08-20 Internal combustion engine has exhaust gas feedback into induction system, heater in feedback system to heat exhaust gas fed back and enable working temperature to be reached faster

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE19939560A1 true DE19939560A1 (en) 2001-02-22

Family

ID=7919061

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19939560A Withdrawn DE19939560A1 (en) 1999-08-20 1999-08-20 Internal combustion engine has exhaust gas feedback into induction system, heater in feedback system to heat exhaust gas fed back and enable working temperature to be reached faster

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE19939560A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10249541A1 (en) * 2002-10-23 2004-05-06 Att Automotive Thermo Tech Gmbh Operating motor vehicle cooling and heating system involves artificially increasing fuel consumption for increased heat output demand, reducing coolant throughput towards safe operating limit
DE102005001144A1 (en) * 2005-01-11 2006-08-03 Mehnert, Jens, Dr.-Ing. Method for controlling start-up of internal combustion engine involves determining some parameters and start-up measures are then arranged depending upon determined parameters which cause change in control of decompression equipment
DE10262382B3 (en) 2002-10-23 2021-12-30 Att Automotive Thermo Tech Gmbh Method and device for the cost-efficient increase and use of waste heat from internal combustion engines
DE102020208983A1 (en) 2020-07-17 2022-01-20 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation line and heating device

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4218834A1 (en) * 1992-06-09 1993-12-16 Opel Adam Ag Exhaust system for vehicle IC engine - uses catalytic converter fed by two pipes of different cross=sections
DE4426788A1 (en) * 1993-08-07 1995-02-23 Volkswagen Ag Method for taking into account the actual degree of conversion of an exhaust emission control device
DE19801387A1 (en) * 1998-01-16 1999-07-22 Pierburg Ag Exhaust gas recirculation valve for internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4218834A1 (en) * 1992-06-09 1993-12-16 Opel Adam Ag Exhaust system for vehicle IC engine - uses catalytic converter fed by two pipes of different cross=sections
DE4426788A1 (en) * 1993-08-07 1995-02-23 Volkswagen Ag Method for taking into account the actual degree of conversion of an exhaust emission control device
DE19801387A1 (en) * 1998-01-16 1999-07-22 Pierburg Ag Exhaust gas recirculation valve for internal combustion engine

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10249541A1 (en) * 2002-10-23 2004-05-06 Att Automotive Thermo Tech Gmbh Operating motor vehicle cooling and heating system involves artificially increasing fuel consumption for increased heat output demand, reducing coolant throughput towards safe operating limit
DE10249541A9 (en) 2002-10-23 2012-05-24 Att Automotive Thermo Tech Gmbh Method and apparatus for demand-increasing the waste heat of internal combustion engines
DE10249541B4 (en) * 2002-10-23 2018-01-25 Att Automotive Thermo Tech Gmbh Method and apparatus for demand-increasing the waste heat of internal combustion engines
DE10262382B3 (en) 2002-10-23 2021-12-30 Att Automotive Thermo Tech Gmbh Method and device for the cost-efficient increase and use of waste heat from internal combustion engines
DE102005001144A1 (en) * 2005-01-11 2006-08-03 Mehnert, Jens, Dr.-Ing. Method for controlling start-up of internal combustion engine involves determining some parameters and start-up measures are then arranged depending upon determined parameters which cause change in control of decompression equipment
DE102020208983A1 (en) 2020-07-17 2022-01-20 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation line and heating device

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE69910731T2 (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE ADDITIONAL WARMING UP OF VEHICLES WITH AN ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH ADDITIONAL AIR INJECTION
EP1295740B1 (en) Coolant cycle with exhaust gas heat exchanger
DE1451887A1 (en) Method and device for facilitating the starting of diesel engines
DE819334C (en) Device for heat storage for motor vehicles using the exhaust gases from the drive motor
EP0472010A1 (en) Heating for passenger compartment of vehicles
DE2416807A1 (en) THERMAL PROTECTION FOR A VEHICLE ACCUMULATOR
EP1177407B1 (en) Switched heat exchanger
DE4340463C2 (en) Exhaust system
DE19914438A1 (en) Internal combustion engine and working method of an internal combustion engine
DE19939560A1 (en) Internal combustion engine has exhaust gas feedback into induction system, heater in feedback system to heat exhaust gas fed back and enable working temperature to be reached faster
DE10105185B4 (en) Device for treating exhaust gas with a storage catalytic converter
DE102004048338C5 (en) Internal combustion engine
DE102010052102B4 (en) Method for operating an engine
DE19502345B4 (en) An exhaust gas purification device for an internal combustion engine with an adsorber and a downstream catalytic converter
DE19918227B4 (en) Otto-direct-injection engine
DE60108804T2 (en) Outside air cleaning device installed in the engine compartment of a vehicle
DE10227243A1 (en) Device and method for reproducing energy
DE102010011293B4 (en) internal combustion engine
DE19963681B4 (en) Device for treating the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine
DE102018207208A1 (en) Motor vehicle with an exhaust gas aftertreatment device arranged in the exhaust system
DE291797C (en)
DE4139600A1 (en) Heating vehicle exhaust catalyser - using burner in exhaust line providing heated gases even on cold starting
DE10136888A1 (en) Automobile passenger compartment heating device, has two heat transfer medium circuits in thermic contact with engine cooling circuit and heating device for exhaust gas cleaning device respectively
DE904865C (en) Heating and ventilation equipment for motor vehicles
DE1451887C (en) Device for facilitating the starting of diesel engines

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
OM8 Search report available as to paragraph 43 lit. 1 sentence 1 patent law
8139 Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee