DE19922745A1 - Wheel suspension for motorcycle uses electronic control device for adjusting damping force of each wheel suspension unit dependent on manual selection or monitored operating parameters - Google Patents

Wheel suspension for motorcycle uses electronic control device for adjusting damping force of each wheel suspension unit dependent on manual selection or monitored operating parameters

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Publication number
DE19922745A1
DE19922745A1 DE1999122745 DE19922745A DE19922745A1 DE 19922745 A1 DE19922745 A1 DE 19922745A1 DE 1999122745 DE1999122745 DE 1999122745 DE 19922745 A DE19922745 A DE 19922745A DE 19922745 A1 DE19922745 A1 DE 19922745A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
wheel suspension
damping force
electronic control
operating parameters
unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE1999122745
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Franz Berkmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority to DE1999122745 priority Critical patent/DE19922745A1/en
Publication of DE19922745A1 publication Critical patent/DE19922745A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K25/00—Axle suspensions
    • B62K25/04—Axle suspensions for mounting axles resiliently on cycle frame or fork
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
    • B60G17/0152—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the action on a particular type of suspension unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K25/00—Axle suspensions
    • B62K25/04—Axle suspensions for mounting axles resiliently on cycle frame or fork
    • B62K2025/044—Suspensions with automatic adjustment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K25/00—Axle suspensions
    • B62K25/04—Axle suspensions for mounting axles resiliently on cycle frame or fork
    • B62K2025/048—Axle suspensions for mounting axles resiliently on cycle frame or fork with suspension manual adjustment details

Abstract

The wheel suspension has the damping force of each suspension unit (1,2) between a motorcycle wheel and the motorcycle frame adjusted via an electronic control device (6), in dependence on operation of a manual selection device (7,8,9) and/or automatically in dependence on monitored operating parameters. Each suspension unit has an electromechanical setting device (3,4,5), e.g. with a setting motor or a piezoelement, operated by the electronic control device for adjusting the damping characteristics.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Radaufhängungsvorrichtung für Motorrä­ der nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a wheel suspension device for motorcycles which according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine derartige Radaufhängungsvorrichtung ist beispielsweise aus der DE 39 30 966 A1 bekannt. Diese bekannte Radaufhängungsvorrichtung für Motorräder weist an der Vorderachse zwei Aufhängungseinheiten und an der Hinterachse eine Aufhängungseinheit zwischen Rad und Motorradrahmen auf. Dabei ist der rechten Aufhängungseinheit der Vorderachse eine Fahr­ zeughöhensteuerungsfunktion sowie eine Dämpfungskraftsteuerungsfunk­ tion und der linken Aufhängungseinheit der Vorderachse eine Federkraftver­ stellfunktion zugeordnet. Mittels eines elektronischen Steuergerätes ist ab­ hängig von einer manuell verstellbaren Auswahleinheit und/oder abhängig von erfaßten Betriebsparametern des Motorrades die Fahrzeughöhe, die Dämpfungskraft und die Federkraft automatisch verstellbar. Die vom Steuer­ gerät betätigte Verstellvorrichtung ist hydraulischer Art und umfaßt eine auf­ wendige Öldrucksteuereinheit. Weiterhin sind für die hydraulische Verstel­ lung spezielle kosten- und bauraumintensive Aufhängungseinheiten erfor­ derlich.Such a wheel suspension device is for example from the DE 39 30 966 A1 known. This known suspension device for Motorcycles have two suspension units on the front axle and one on the Rear axle a suspension unit between the wheel and motorcycle frame on. The right suspension unit of the front axle is driving tool height control function and a damping force control radio tion and the left suspension unit of the front axle a Federerkraftver actuator function assigned. Using an electronic control unit is off dependent on a manually adjustable selection unit and / or dependent of detected operating parameters of the motorcycle, the vehicle height, the Damping force and the spring force automatically adjustable. The one from the wheel device-operated adjusting device is hydraulic and includes one agile oil pressure control unit. Furthermore are for the hydraulic adjustment special, costly and space-intensive suspension units such.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Radaufhängungsvorrichtung eingangs genannter Art im Hinblick auf Bauraum, Kosten und Funktionsvereinfachung zu verbessern.It is an object of the invention to begin with a wheel suspension device of the type mentioned with regard to installation space, costs and simplification of functions to improve.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentan­ spruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind die abhän­ gigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of the patent spell 1 solved. The dependent are advantageous developments of the invention claims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Radaufhängungsvorrichtung für Motorräder weist an der Vorderachse und an der Hinterachse mindestens eine Aufhängungsein­ heit zwischen Rad und Motorradrahmen auf, bei der die Dämpfungskraft und/oder die Federkraft mittels eines elektronischen Steuergerätes abhängig von einer manuell verstellbaren Auswahleinheit und/oder abhängig von er­ faßten Betriebsparametern automatisch verstellbar sind. Die Aufhängungs­ einheit weist im Unterschied zu einer hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Verstellvorrichtung eine elektromechanische Verstellvorrichtung auf, die mittels des elektronischen Steuergeräts betätigt werden kann. Vorzugsweise umfaßt die elektromechanische Verstellvorrichtung der Aufhängungseinheit zur Verstellung der Dämpfungskraft und/oder der Federkraft einen Schritt­ motor. Alternativ kann insbesondere für die Verstellung der Dämpfungskraft die elektromechanische Verstellvorrichtung der Aufhängungseinheit auch ein Piezoelement umfassen.The wheel suspension device according to the invention for motorcycles instructs at least one suspension on the front axle and on the rear axle between the wheel and the motorcycle frame, where the damping force and / or the spring force is dependent on an electronic control unit from a manually adjustable selection unit and / or depending on it operating parameters are automatically adjustable. The suspension unlike a hydraulic or pneumatic unit Adjustment device on an electromechanical adjustment device, the can be operated by means of the electronic control unit. Preferably comprises the electromechanical adjustment device of the suspension unit to adjust the damping force and / or the spring force one step engine. Alternatively, in particular for the adjustment of the damping force the electromechanical adjustment device of the suspension unit also Include piezo element.

Bei herkömmlichen Radaufhängungssystemen ohne elektronische Steue­ rung sind mechanische Verstellvorrichtungen in Form von manuell verstell­ baren Schrauben an der Aufhängungseinheit bekannt. Derartige Aufhän­ gungseinheiten sind für die Erfindung verwendbar, wenn z. B. die ohnehin vorhandene mechanische Verstellvorrichtung mit einem Elektroantrieb, wie z. B. einem Schrittmotor oder einem Piezoelement, verbunden wird. With conventional suspension systems without electronic control tion are mechanical adjustment devices in the form of manual adjustment ble screws on the suspension unit known. Such hangers supply units can be used for the invention if, for. B. the anyway existing mechanical adjustment device with an electric drive, such as e.g. B. a stepper motor or a piezo element.  

Hierdurch wird auf einfache Weise ein mittels eines elektronischen Steuerge­ räts betätigbare elektromechanische Verstelleinrichtung geschaffen. Durch diese Erfindung sind keine aufwendigen systemabhängigen Aufhängungs­ einheiten erforderlich. Motorräder mit rein mechanischer Verstellvorrichtung könnten sogar auf einfache Weise nachgerüstet werden.This is a simple means of an electronic Steuerge Electromechanical adjustment device operated by devices. By this invention is not a complex, system-dependent suspension units required. Motorcycles with purely mechanical adjustment devices could even be easily upgraded.

Bisher wurde der Fachmann davon abgehalten andere als hydraulische Ver­ stellvorrichtungen für elektronisch gesteuerte Radaufhängungsvorrichtungen zu verwenden; denn derartige Systeme sind den Regelsystemen bei Perso­ nenkraftfahrzeugen entnommen. Bei Personenkraftfahrzeugen führt höheres Gewicht und größerer Bauraum nicht zu den Problemen, die bei Motorrädern vorherrschen. Zwar sind die elektromechanischen Verstellvorrichtungen langsamer als hydraulische Verstellvorrichtungen, jedoch wird in diesem Zu­ sammenhang erfindungsgemäß vorzugsweise auch eine Funktionsvereinfa­ chung vorgenommen. Beispielsweise wird keine Berücksichtigung von sich sehr schnell ändernden Betriebsparametern, wie z. B. der Radhub abhängig von Fahrbahnunebenheiten, vorgenommen. Insbesondere werden erfin­ dungsgemäß sich langsamer ändernde Betriebsparameter, wie z. B. die Ge­ schwindigkeit, die Beschleunigung bzw. die Verzögerung, ein Bremsvorgang oder die Beladung, berücksichtigt.So far, the expert has been prevented from other than hydraulic Ver Actuators for electronically controlled suspension devices to use; because such systems are the control systems at Perso taken from motor vehicles. In passenger cars, higher results Weight and larger installation space are not one of the problems with motorcycles prevalence. The electromechanical adjustment devices are indeed slower than hydraulic adjustment devices, however, this will connection according to the invention preferably also a functional simplification made. For example, no consideration of itself very quickly changing operating parameters, such as B. the wheel stroke dependent of road bumps. In particular, are invented according to slower changing operating parameters such. B. the Ge speed, acceleration or deceleration, braking or the load.

Die manuell verstellbare Auswahleinheit hat in einer Weiterbildung der Erfin­ dung zwei Auswahlmöglichkeiten:
In a further development of the invention, the manually adjustable selection unit has two selection options:

  • - eine erste Auswahlmöglichkeit in Form einer manuellen Vorauswahl (z. B. "Sport", "Normal" oder "Komfort") in Verbindung mit einer automatischen dynamischen Anpassung der Dämpfungskraft und/oder der Federkraft abhängig von Betriebsparametern des Motorrads während der Fahrt (insbesondere mittels im elektronischen Steuergerät abgespeicherter Kennfelder) und - a first selection option in the form of a manual pre-selection (e.g. "Sport", "Normal" or "Comfort") in connection with an automatic dynamic adjustment of the damping force and / or the spring force depending on the operating parameters of the motorcycle while driving (in particular by means of data stored in the electronic control unit Maps) and  
  • - eine zweite Auswahlmöglichkeit in Form einer manuellen Auswahl einer fest vorgegebenen Dämpfungskraft und/oder Federkraft, z. B. an der Vorderachse und an der Hinterachse unabhängig voneinander. Vorzugs­ weise wird aus Sicherheitsgründen die Zug- und Druckstufendämpfung nur durch einen Parameter dargestellt.- a second selection option in the form of a manual selection of one fixed predetermined damping force and / or spring force, e.g. B. at the Front and rear axles independent of each other. Preferential The rebound and compression damping is wise for safety reasons represented by only one parameter.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt. Sie zeigt schematisch eine erfindungsgemäße Radaufhängungsvorrichtung in Verbindung mit einem elektronischen Steuergerät und einem Bordcomputer als Auswahleinheit für zwei Auswahlmöglichkeiten.In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown. she schematically shows a wheel suspension device according to the invention in Connection to an electronic control unit and an on-board computer as a selection unit for two selection options.

In der Zeichnung sind eine Aufhängungseinheit 1 an der Vorderachse, im ff. vorderes Federbein 1 genannt, und eine hintere Aufhängungseinheit 2 an der Hinterachse, im ff. hinteres Federbein 2 genannt, dargestellt. Das vor­ dere Federbein 1 weist ein Piezoelement 3 zur Verstellung der Dämpfungs­ kraft (Dv) vorne auf. Das hintere Federbein 2 weist einen Schrittmotor 4 zur Verstellung der Dämpfungskraft (Dh) und einen Schrittmotor 5 zur Verstel­ lung der Federkraft (Fh) hinten auf.In the drawing, a suspension unit 1 on the front axle, called the front strut 1 in the ff., And a rear suspension unit 2 on the rear axle, called the rear strut 2 in the ff. The front strut 1 has a piezo element 3 for adjusting the damping force (Dv) on the front. The rear strut 2 has a stepper motor 4 for adjusting the damping force (Dh) and a stepper motor 5 for adjusting the spring force (Fh) at the rear.

Die elektromechanischen Verstellvorrichtungen 3 bis 5 sind über Steuerlei­ tungen mit einem elektronischen Steuergerät 6 verbunden. Mittels des elek­ tronischen Steuergeräts 6 können die einstellbaren Kräfte (Dv, Dh, Fh) an den Federbeinen 1 und 2 entweder gesteuert oder geregelt werden.The electromechanical adjustment devices 3 to 5 are connected to an electronic control unit 6 via control lines. By means of the electronic control unit 6 , the adjustable forces (Dv, Dh, Fh) on the struts 1 and 2 can either be controlled or regulated.

Die Einstellung der Kräfte (Dv, Dh, Fh) an den Federbeinen 1 und 2 durch das Steuergerät 6 erfolgt in Abhängigkeit von den Signalen einer Auswahl­ einheit 7 in Form eines Bordcomputers, der mit dem Steuergerät 6 verbun­ den ist, und/oder in Abhängigkeit von Betriebsparametern, insbesondere der Beladung m, der Geschwindigkeit v und der Bremsbetätigung B. The setting of the forces (Dv, Dh, Fh) on the struts 1 and 2 by the control unit 6 takes place in dependence on the signals of a selection unit 7 in the form of an on-board computer which is connected to the control unit 6 and / or in dependence of operating parameters, in particular the loading m, the speed v and the brake actuation B.

Der Bordcomputer 7 weist ein Display 8 und ein Bedienfeld 9 auf. Die Be­ zugszeichen 10 bis 14 sind beispielsweise die Anzeigeschritte bei einem Menüdurchlauf des Bordcomputers 7.The on-board computer 7 has a display 8 and a control panel 9 . The reference numerals 10 to 14 are, for example, the display steps when the on-board computer 7 runs through the menu.

Der Fahrer hat die erste Auswahlmöglichkeit, über das Display 8 im Modus A eine Vorauswahl, z. B. "S" (Sport), "N" (Normal) oder "K" (Komfort), manuell zu treffen. Abhängig von dieser Vorauswahl und von den Betriebsparame­ tern m, v, B verstellt das Steuergerät 6 automatisch mittels abgespeicherter Kennfelder die Verstellvorrichtungen 3 bis 5 der Federbeine 1 und 2. Bei­ spielsweise erkennt das System die Beladung m aufgrund des Einfede­ rungszustandes an der Hinterradführung und regelt diese zu Beginn der Fahrt auf eine definierte Nullage (integrierte Fahrzeughöhensteuerungsfunk­ tion). Die Dämpfungskraft (Dh, Dv) und/oder die Federkraft (Fh) wird an­ schließend diesem Beladungszustand angepaßt; die entsprechenden Ein­ stellungen der Verstellvorrichtungen 3 bis 5 sind in einem Kennfeld hinter­ legt. Zusätzlich werden die Dämpfungskräfte (Dv, Dh) und/oder die Feder­ kraft (Fh) dem aktuellen Fahrzustand abhängig von der Geschwindigkeit v, der Beschleunigung (dv/dt) oder dem Bremsvorgang B dynamisch angepaßt. Das System verhindert vorzugsweise durch Erkennen der Geschwindigkeit v, daß im fahrdynamisch kritischen Hochgeschwindigkeitsbereich ohne ausrei­ chende Dämpfungskraft (Dv, Dh) gefahren wird. Umgekehrt wird bei sehr niedrigen Geschwindigkeiten v die Dämpfungskraft (Dv, Dh) automatisch hinsichtlich Komfort verstellt.The driver has the first option of making a preselection via the display 8 in mode A, e.g. B. "S" (sport), "N" (normal) or "K" (comfort) to be taken manually. Depending on this preselection and on the operating parameters m, v, B, the control device 6 automatically adjusts the adjusting devices 3 to 5 of the struts 1 and 2 by means of stored characteristic maps. For example, the system recognizes the load m on the basis of the deflection state on the rear wheel guide and regulates it to a defined zero position at the start of the journey (integrated vehicle height control function). The damping force (Dh, Dv) and / or the spring force (Fh) is then adjusted to this loading condition; the corresponding settings of the adjustment devices 3 to 5 are stored in a map. In addition, the damping forces (Dv, Dh) and / or the spring force (Fh) are dynamically adapted to the current driving condition depending on the speed v, the acceleration (dv / dt) or the braking process B. By recognizing the speed v, the system preferably prevents the vehicle from being driven in the high-speed range that is critical to driving dynamics without sufficient damping force (Dv, Dh). Conversely, at very low speeds v, the damping force (Dv, Dh) is automatically adjusted for comfort.

Der Fahrer hat die zweite Auswahlmöglichkeit, über das Display 8 im Modus M die Parameter "Dämpfungskraft vorne" (Dh), "Dämpfungskraft hinten" (Dh) und "Federkraft hinten" (Fh), z. B. in Form der Eingabe einer Kennzahl zwi­ schen 1 und 12, frei und fest vorgegeben zu wählen. Die Auswahl ist z. B. bei allen Fahr- und Beladungszuständen möglich. Die Zug- und Druckstu­ fendämpfung wird durch einen Parameter bzw. durch eine Kennzahl defi­ niert. Die unabhängige Verstellung der Zug- und Druckstufendämpfung durch den Fahrer ist zwar möglich, wird jedoch aus Sicherheitsgründen vor­ zugsweise nicht zugelassen.The driver has the second selection option, via the display 8 in the M mode, the parameters "damping force front" (Dh), "damping force rear" (Dh) and "spring force rear" (Fh), z. B. in the form of entering a key figure between 1's and 12's, to choose freely and permanently. The selection is e.g. B. possible in all driving and loading conditions. The rebound and compression damping is defined by a parameter or a key figure. Independent adjustment of the rebound and compression damping by the driver is possible, but is not permitted for safety reasons.

Claims (5)

1. Radaufhängungsvorrichtung für Motorräder mit je einer Aufhängungs­ einheit zwischen Rad und Motorradrahmen, bei der die Dämpfungskraft und/oder die Federkraft zumindest einer Aufhängungseinheit mittels ei­ nes elektronischen Steuergerätes abhängig von einer manuell verstell­ baren Auswahleinheit und/oder abhängig von erfaßten Betriebspara­ metern automatisch verstellbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aufhängungseinheit (1, 2) eine elektromechanische Verstellvorrichtung (3, 4, 5) aufweist, die mittels des elektronischen Steuergeräts (6) betä­ tigt wird.1. Suspension device for motorcycles, each with a suspension unit between the wheel and the motorcycle frame, in which the damping force and / or the spring force of at least one suspension unit by means of an electronic control unit are automatically adjustable depending on a manually adjustable selection unit and / or depending on the detected operating parameters , characterized in that the suspension unit ( 1 , 2 ) has an electromechanical adjusting device ( 3 , 4 , 5 ) which is actuated by means of the electronic control unit ( 6 ). 2. Radaufhängungsvorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß die elektromechanische Verstellvorrichtung einen Schrittmotor (4, 5) umfaßt.2. Wheel suspension device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromechanical adjusting device comprises a stepper motor ( 4 , 5 ). 3. Radaufhängungsvorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektromechanische Verstellvorrichtung ein Piezoelement (3) umfaßt.3. Wheel suspension device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electromechanical adjusting device comprises a piezo element ( 3 ). 4. Radaufhängungsvorrichtung nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die manuell verstellbare Auswahleinheit (7, 8, 9) eine erste Auswahlmöglichkeit (Modus A) in Form einer manu­ ellen Vorauswahl ("S", "N", "K") in Verbindung mit einer automatischen dynamischen Anpassung der Dämpfungskraft und/oder der Federkraft abhängig von Betriebsparametern (v, m, B) des Motorrads aufweist. 4. Wheel suspension device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the manually adjustable selection unit ( 7 , 8 , 9 ) a first selection option (mode A) in the form of a manual preselection ("S", "N", "K ") in connection with an automatic dynamic adjustment of the damping force and / or the spring force depending on the operating parameters (v, m, B) of the motorcycle. 5. Radaufhängungsvorrichtung nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die manuell verstellbare Auswahleinheit (7, 8, 9) eine zweite Auswahlmöglichkeit (Modus M) in Form einer ma­ nuellen Auswahl (Kennzahl) einer fest vorgegebenen Dämpfungskraft (Dv, Dh) und/oder Federkraft (Fh) aufweist.5. Wheel suspension device according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the manually adjustable selection unit ( 7 , 8 , 9 ) has a second selection option (mode M) in the form of a manual selection (code number) of a predetermined damping force (Dv, ie ) and / or spring force (Fh).
DE1999122745 1999-05-18 1999-05-18 Wheel suspension for motorcycle uses electronic control device for adjusting damping force of each wheel suspension unit dependent on manual selection or monitored operating parameters Withdrawn DE19922745A1 (en)

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