DE19901760A1 - Method and arrangement for cleaning an exhaust gas stream of a gasoline engine flowing in an exhaust line - Google Patents
Method and arrangement for cleaning an exhaust gas stream of a gasoline engine flowing in an exhaust lineInfo
- Publication number
- DE19901760A1 DE19901760A1 DE19901760A DE19901760A DE19901760A1 DE 19901760 A1 DE19901760 A1 DE 19901760A1 DE 19901760 A DE19901760 A DE 19901760A DE 19901760 A DE19901760 A DE 19901760A DE 19901760 A1 DE19901760 A1 DE 19901760A1
- Authority
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- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- particle filter
- exhaust gas
- honeycomb body
- coating
- arrangement according
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/9454—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0835—Hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0857—Carbon oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/12—Other methods of operation
- F02B2075/125—Direct injection in the combustion chamber for spark ignition engines, i.e. not in pre-combustion chamber
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung zum Reinigen eines in einem Abgasstrang strömenden Abgasstromes eines Ottomotors, dem ein Luft/Kraftstoff-Gemisch vorzugsweise über eine Direkteinspritzung zugeführt wird.The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement for cleaning of an exhaust gas stream of an Otto engine that flows in an exhaust gas line Air / fuel mixture preferably supplied via direct injection becomes.
Bei der Verbrennung von Kohlenwasserstoffen, wie sie beispielsweise in Benzin vorkommen, mit Luft in einem Ottomotor, entstehen neben den Hauptverbrennungs produkten Kohlenstoffdioxid und Wasserdampf auch Nebenprodukte, insbesondere Schadstoffe, im wesentlichen Kohlenwasserstoffe (HC), Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) und Stickoxide (NOX), sowie gegebenenfalls Rußpartikel. Der Gehalt von Schadstoffen und Rußpartikeln im Abgas hängt überwiegend von dem zugeführten Luft/Kraftstoffverhältnis ab. Bei kleinen Verhältnissen Luft/Kraftstoff spricht man von einer "fetten" Gemischzusammensetzung (Luftunterschuß); bei großen Verhält nissen Luft/Kraftstoff von einer "mageren" Gemischzusammensetzung (Luftüber schuß).In the combustion of hydrocarbons, such as those found in gasoline, with air in a gasoline engine, in addition to the main combustion products carbon dioxide and water vapor, by-products also arise, in particular pollutants, essentially hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO X ) , and possibly soot particles. The content of pollutants and soot particles in the exhaust gas mainly depends on the air / fuel ratio supplied. At low air / fuel ratios one speaks of a "rich" mixture composition (air deficit); at large ratios air / fuel from a "lean" mixture composition (excess air).
Ruß tritt hauptsächlich bei Verbrennung unter extremen Luftunterschuß auf. Diese Bedingung ist zwar normalerweise beim Ottomotor nicht erreicht, kann aber örtlich durch Inhomogenitäten, insbesondere während der Kaltstartphase, auftreten. Die Rußbildung wird in der Regel durch thermisches Cracken der Brennstoffmoleküle unter Sauerstoffmangel eingeleitet und führt unter Abspaltung von Wasserstoff zur Polymerisation von kohlenstoffreichen Makromolekülen, die dann zu den endgültigen Rußteilchen agglomerieren. Die starke Zunahme von Ruß bei Annäherung an das stöchiometrische Luftverhältnis folgt aus der zunehmenden Ausdehnung der fetten Gemischzonen infolge Erhöhung der Einspritzmenge. In fetten Gemischzonen gebildeter Ruß verbrennt ohne weitere Maßnahmen meist kaum.Soot occurs mainly when burning under extreme air deficiency. This The condition is not normally reached in the gasoline engine, but it can be local due to inhomogeneities, especially during the cold start phase. The Soot formation is usually caused by thermal cracking of the fuel molecules initiated under lack of oxygen and leads to the elimination of hydrogen Polymerization of carbon-rich macromolecules, which then lead to the final agglomerate soot particles. The sharp increase in soot Approaching the stoichiometric air ratio follows from the increasing Expansion of the rich mixture zones due to an increase in the injection quantity. In rich soot zones soot usually burns without further measures barely.
Damit unverbrannte Rußpartikel nicht die Umwelt belasten, ist es bekannt, insbesondere im Abgasstrang von Dieselmotoren, wenigstens einen Filter mit einer die Ablagerung von Rußpartikeln fördernden Struktur anzuordnen. Die Regeneration eines solchen Partikelfilters, d. h. die Verbrennung von abgelagerten Rußpartikeln, erfolgt beispielsweise durch zeitweises Zuführen von Kraftstoff und Luft zur Aufheizung des Partikelfilters, so daß auch unter Luftunterschuß gebildete Rußpartikel wieder verbrennen.So that unburned soot particles do not pollute the environment, it is known especially in the exhaust system of diesel engines, at least one filter with a to arrange the deposition of soot particle-promoting structure. The regeneration such a particle filter, d. H. the combustion of deposited soot particles, takes place, for example, by temporarily supplying fuel and air to the Heating the particle filter so that formed under deficit of air Burn the soot particles again.
Bei einer Verbrennung unter extremen Luftunterschuß enthält das Abgas zudem relativ viel CO und HC, während bei Luftüberschuß bis zu einem gewissen Punkt CO und HC fast vollständig oxidiert werden können. Der Gehalt an NOX durchläuft ein Maximum im Bereich leicht magerer Gemischzusammensetzung. In diesem Bereich liegt aber für den Ottomotor ein Optimum des spezifischen Verbrauches an Brennstoff. Werden also Ottomotoren auf optimal niedrigen Verbrauch eingestellt, liegen hohe NOX-Konzentrationen neben mäßigen CO- und HC-Konzentrationen im Abgas vor. Bisher kaum Beachtung gefunden hat dabei die Tatsache, daß auch Ottomotoren Partikel erzeugen, die allerdings meist kleiner sind und mit geringerem Gesamtvolumen entstehen als bei Dieselmotoren. Trotzdem können solche Partikel eine Umweltbelastung sein.With combustion under extreme air deficiency, the exhaust gas also contains a relatively large amount of CO and HC, while with air excess CO and HC can be almost completely oxidized up to a certain point. The NO x content passes through a maximum in the range of slightly lean mixture composition. In this area, however, there is an optimum of the specific fuel consumption for the gasoline engine. If petrol engines are set to optimally low consumption, there are high NO x concentrations in addition to moderate CO and HC concentrations in the exhaust gas. So far, little attention has been paid to the fact that gasoline engines also produce particles, which, however, are usually smaller and have a lower total volume than diesel engines. Nevertheless, such particles can be an environmental burden.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Maßnahmen und Vorrichtungen zur verbesserten Reinigung eines in einem Abgasstrang strömenden Abgasstromes eines Ottomotors anzugeben. The invention is based, measures and devices for the task improved cleaning of an exhaust gas stream flowing in an exhaust line Otto engine to specify.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 und durch eine Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 12 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen sind in den jeweils abhängigen Ansprüchen beschrieben.This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and by a Arrangement solved according to claim 12. Advantageous configurations and Further developments are described in the respective dependent claims.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Reinigen eines in einem Abgasstrang strömenden Abgasstromes eines Ottomotors, dem ein Luft/Kraftstoff-Gemisch vorzugsweise über eine Direkteinspritzung zugeführt wird, zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß das Abgas im Abgasstrang hintereinander mindestens einen Wabenkörper mit katalytisch aktiver Beschichtung, vorzugsweise einer Drei-Wege-Beschich tung, und einen Partikelfilter mit einer wenigstens zeitweise zumindest eine Schadstoffkomponente, insbesondere Kohlenwasserstoff (HC), Kohlenstoff monoxid (CO) und/oder Stickoxid (NOX), umsetzenden und/oder speichernden Beschichtung durchströmt, wodurch in vorteilhafter Weise eine verbesserte Reinigung des Abgases erzielbar ist.The method according to the invention for cleaning an exhaust gas stream of a gasoline engine flowing in an exhaust gas line, to which an air / fuel mixture is preferably fed via direct injection, is characterized in that the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas line one behind the other has at least one honeycomb body with a catalytically active coating, preferably a three -Way coating, and a particle filter with an at least occasionally at least one pollutant component, in particular hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and / or nitrogen oxide (NO x ), flowing through and / or storing coating, thereby advantageously a improved cleaning of the exhaust gas can be achieved.
Es hat sich nämlich gezeigt, daß bei einer Anordnung eines Partikelfilters mit einer wenigstens zeitweise zumindest eine der Schadstoffkomponenten umset zenden Beschichtung hinter mindestens einem Wabenkörper mit einer katalytisch aktiven Beschichtung in überraschender Weise eine verbesserte Reinigung des im Abgasstrang strömenden Abgases sowohl hinsichtlich der Schadstoff komponenten als auch hinsichtlich gegebenenfalls auftretender Rußpartikel erzielen läßt.It has been shown that with an arrangement of a particle filter with at least temporarily implement at least one of the pollutant components coating behind at least one honeycomb body with a catalytic active coating surprisingly improved cleaning of the Exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust line both with regard to the pollutant components as well as with regard to soot particles that may occur can be achieved.
So wird für den Fall, daß dem Ottomotor beispielsweise während der Kaltstart phase ein fettes Luft/Kraftstoff-Gemisch zugeführt wird, zur Verbesserung der Abgasreinigung vorgeschlagen, daß die Beschichtung des Partikelfilters nicht im Wabenkörper umgesetztes restliches HC bzw. CO umsetzt und/oder speichert.So in the event that the gasoline engine, for example, during the cold start phase a rich air / fuel mixture is supplied to improve the Exhaust gas cleaning suggested that the coating of the particle filter is not in the The honeycomb body converts and / or stores residual HC or CO.
Für den Fall, daß dem Ottomotor ein mageres Luft/Kraftstoff-Gemisch zuge führt wird, wird zur Verbesserung der Abgasreinigung vorgeschlagen, daß die Beschichtung des Partikelfilters nicht im Wabenkörper umgesetztes restliches NOX umsetzt und/oder speichert.In the event that a lean air / fuel mixture is supplied to the gasoline engine, it is proposed to improve exhaust gas purification that the coating of the particle filter does not convert and / or stores residual NO x converted in the honeycomb body.
Dadurch lassen sich in vorteilhafter Weise die jeweils erhöhten Schadstoff- Konzentrationen im Abgas gezielt und nahezu vollständig eliminieren.As a result, the respective increased pollutant Eliminate concentrations in the exhaust gas in a targeted manner and almost completely.
Zur weiteren Minimierung der Stickoxide (NOX) wird vorgeschlagen, daß in Abhängigkeit einer restlichen NOX-Konzentration im Abgas hinter dem Wabenkörper dem Partikelfilter ein Reduktionsmittel, vorzugsweise aus einem Reduktionsmittelreservoir über wenigstens eine Reduktionsmittelleitung, beispielsweise kontinuierlich, zugeführt wird.To further minimize the nitrogen oxides (NO x ), it is proposed that, depending on a remaining NO x concentration in the exhaust gas behind the honeycomb body, a reducing agent, preferably from a reducing agent reservoir via at least one reducing agent line, for example continuously, is fed to the particle filter.
Alternativ hierzu wird vorgeschlagen, das Reduktionsmittel in Intervallen dem Partikelfilter zuzuführen, insbesondere in Abhängigkeit von im Partikelfilter gespeicherten Mengen an restlichem NOX.As an alternative to this, it is proposed to supply the reducing agent to the particle filter at intervals, in particular as a function of the amounts of residual NO x stored in the particle filter.
Die Zuführung eines Reduktionsmittels, beispielsweise Ammoniak, in Abhängigkeit einer restlichen NOX-Konzentration im Abgas hinter dem Wabenkörper vermeidet fast vollständig Überdosierungen des Reduktionsmittels, wodurch etwa ein stöchiometrisches Verhältnis zwischen restlichem NOX und Reduktionsmittel erzielt und in vorteilhafter Weise die Reinigung von NOX enthaltendem Abgas des Ottomotors verbessert wird. Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, daß deutlich geringere Mengen an Reduktionsmitteln benötigt werden als beispielsweise bei einer Eindüsung von Reduktionsmittel in ein Abgas, bevor dieses einen Wabenkörper mit katalytisch aktiver Beschichtung durchströmt.The addition of a reducing agent, for example ammonia, as a function of a residual NO x concentration in the exhaust gas behind the honeycomb body almost completely prevents overdosing of the reducing agent, as a result of which a stoichiometric ratio between the remaining NO x and reducing agent is achieved and advantageously the cleaning of NO x containing Exhaust gas from the gasoline engine is improved. Another advantage is that significantly smaller amounts of reducing agents are required than, for example, when reducing agent is injected into an exhaust gas before it flows through a honeycomb body with a catalytically active coating.
Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt endet die Reduktionsmittelleitung am Partikelfilter, wobei vorzugsweise der Partikelfilter eine integrierte Verteileinrichtung auf weist, mit der die Reduktionsmittelleitung verbunden ist.According to the invention, the reducing agent line preferably ends at the particle filter, the particle filter preferably having an integrated distribution device points with which the reducing agent line is connected.
Zur weiteren Minimierung der Kohlenwasserstoffe (HC) und des Kohlenstoff monoxids (CO) wird vorgeschlagen, daß in Abhängigkeit einer restlichen HC- CO-Konzentration im Abgas hinter dem Wabenkörper dem Partikelfilter ein Oxidationsmittel, vorzugsweise Sauerstoff (O2), zugeführt wird.To further minimize the hydrocarbons (HC) and the carbon monoxide (CO), it is proposed that an oxidizing agent, preferably oxygen (O 2 ), be fed to the particle filter depending on a remaining HC-CO concentration in the exhaust gas behind the honeycomb body.
Alternativ und/oder kumulativ kann vorzugsweise die Beschichtung des Partikel filters wenigstens zeitweise Sauerstoff (O2) speichern.Alternatively and / or cumulatively, the coating of the particle filter can at least temporarily store oxygen (O 2 ).
Die Zuführung eines Oxidationsmittels in Abhängigkeit von restlichen Kohlenwasserstoffe (HC) und restlichem Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) vermeidet fast vollständig Überdosierungen, wodurch etwa ein stöchiometrisches Verhältnis zwischen restlichem HC bzw. CO einerseits und dem Oxidationsmittel andererseits erzielt und in vorteilhafter Weise die Reinigung von HC bzw. CO enthaltendem Abgas des Ottomotors verbessert wird.The supply of an oxidizing agent depending on the rest Almost avoids hydrocarbons (HC) and residual carbon monoxide (CO) completely overdoses, creating about a stoichiometric ratio between remaining HC or CO on the one hand and the oxidizing agent on the other achieved and the cleaning of HC or CO containing in an advantageous manner Exhaust gas from the gasoline engine is improved.
Üblicherweise weisen moderne Ottomotoren eine elektronische Motorsteuerung oder damit vergleichbare Steuer- und Regelmittel auf. Zur verbesserten Steuer- und/oder Regelung der Abgasreinigung beispielsweise durch eine Motorsteue rung wird vorgeschlagen, zwischen Wabenkörper und Partikelfilter wenigstens eine Meßsonde anzuordnen, welche wenigstens eine nicht im Wabenkörper umgesetzte Schadstoffkomponente mißt, wobei vorzugsweise zur Messung der restlichen Schadstoffkomponenten Kohlenwasserstoff (HC), Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) und Stickoxid (NOX) jeweils wenigstens eine Meßsonde vorgesehen ist. Dadurch lassen sind in vorteilhafter Weise nicht im Wabenkörper umgesetzte Schadstoffreste erkennen und im dahinter angeordneten, eine entsprechend umsetzende bzw. speichernde Beschichtung aufweisenden Partikelfilter, unterstützt durch die dem Filter zugeführten Reduktions- bzw. Oxidationsmittel, deren Dosierung beispielsweise mittels der elektronischen Motorsteuerung gesteuert werden, umsetzen.Modern gasoline engines usually have electronic engine control or comparable control means. For improved control and / or regulation of exhaust gas purification, for example by an engine control, it is proposed to arrange at least one measuring probe between the honeycomb body and the particle filter, which measures at least one pollutant component not converted in the honeycomb body, preferably for measuring the remaining pollutant components hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NO x ) each have at least one measuring probe. As a result, pollutant residues not converted in the honeycomb body can be recognized in an advantageous manner and implemented in the particle filter arranged behind them, which has a correspondingly converting or storing coating, supported by the reducing or oxidizing agents supplied to the filter, the metering of which is controlled, for example, by means of the electronic motor control .
Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt wird der Partikelfilter durch Verbrennung der Partikel regeneriert, insbesondere ausgelöst durch Motorwärme und/oder durch exotherme Reaktionen im Wabenkörper, vorzugsweise in beispielsweise mittels der Motorsteuerung bestimmbaren Intervallen.According to the invention, the particle filter is preferred by burning the Particles regenerate, in particular triggered by engine heat and / or by exothermic reactions in the honeycomb body, preferably in for example by means of Motor control definable intervals.
Alternativ zu der bisher beschriebenen getrennten Anordnung kann der Waben körper wenigstens in Teilbereichen zugleich den Partikelfilter bilden, wodurch in vorteilhafter Weise eine platzsparende Bauweise erzielbar ist.As an alternative to the separate arrangement described so far, the honeycomb can form the particle filter at least in some areas, whereby in a space-saving design can advantageously be achieved.
Weitere Merkmale, Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden anhand eines exemplarischen Ausführungsbeispieles und anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben.Further features, advantages and refinements of the present invention are based on an exemplary embodiment and on the basis of Drawing described.
Die einzige Figur zeigt schematisch eine Anordnung zum Reinigen eines in einem Abgasstrang 2 strömenden Abgasstromes eines Ottomotors 1, dem ein Luft/Kraft stoff-Gemisch vorzugsweise über eine Direkteinspritzung zugeführt wird. In Strömungsrichtung S ist im Abgasstrang hintereinander mindestens ein Wabenkörper 3 mit katalytisch aktiver Beschichtung, vorzugsweise ein Drei-Wege-Katalysator, und ein Partikelfilter 4 mit einer wenigstens zeitweise zumindest eine Schadstoff komponente, insbesondere Kohlenwasserstoff (HC), Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) und/ oder Stickoxid (NOX), umsetzende und/oder speichernden Beschichtung.The single figure shows schematically an arrangement for cleaning an exhaust gas stream flowing in an exhaust line 2 of a gasoline engine 1 , to which an air / fuel mixture is preferably supplied via direct injection. At least one honeycomb body 3 with a catalytically active coating, preferably a three-way catalyst, and a particle filter 4 with an at least temporarily at least one pollutant component, in particular hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and / or Nitrogen oxide (NO X ), converting and / or storing coating.
Die Beschichtung des Partikelfilters 4 ist vorzugsweise wenigstens teilweise so ausgebildet, daß, wenn dem Ottomotor 1 ein fettes Luft/Kraftstoff-Gemisch zugeführt wird, nicht im Wabenkörper 3 umgesetztes restliches HC und CO umgesetzt und/oder gespeichert wird; und daß, wenn dem Ottomotor 1 ein mageres Luft/Kraftstoff-Gemisch zugeführt wird, nicht im Wabenkörper 3 umgesetztes restliches NOX umgesetzt und/oder gespeichert wird.The coating of the particle filter 4 is preferably at least partially designed such that when the gasoline engine 1 is supplied with a rich air / fuel mixture, residual HC and CO not converted in the honeycomb body 3 is converted and / or stored; and that if a lean air / fuel mixture is supplied to the gasoline engine 1 , residual NO x not converted in the honeycomb body 3 is converted and / or stored.
Zur Messung der restlichen Schadstofflcomponenten Kohlenwasserstoff (HC), Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) und Stickoxid (NOX) ist jeweils wenigstens eine Meßsonde 5, 6, 7 vorgesehen, welche zwischen Wabenkörper 3 und Partikelfilter 4 angeordnet sind und beispielsweise mit einer nicht dargestellten elektronischen Motorsteuerung in Verbindung stehen, die in vorteilhafter Weise auch Programme zur Steuer bzw. Regelung der Abgasreinigung beinhaltet. Insbesondere können mit ihr Dosiermengen an ggf. zuzugebenen Reduktions- und/oder Oxidationsmitteln bestimmt werden.To measure the remaining pollutant components hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NO X ), at least one measuring probe 5 , 6 , 7 is provided, which are arranged between the honeycomb body 3 and the particle filter 4 and, for example, with an electronic motor control (not shown) in Are connected, which advantageously includes programs for controlling or regulating the exhaust gas cleaning. In particular, it can be used to determine metered amounts of reducing and / or oxidizing agents to be added.
So wird beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit der gemessenen restlichen HC-CO- Konzentration bzw. einer gemessenen restlichen NOX-Konzentration im Abgas hinter dem Wabenkörper 3 dem Partikelfilter 4 ein Oxidationsmittel bzw. aus einem Reduktionsmittelreservoier 8 über wenigstens eine Reduktionsmittelleitung 9 mittels einer Pumpe 11 eine Reduktionsmittel zugeführt. Vorzugsweise weist der Partikelfilter 4, insbesondere zur Zuführung des Reduktionsmittels, eine integrierte Verteileinrichtung 10 auf, welche mit der Reduktionsmittelleitung 9 verbunden ist.For example, depending on the measured remaining HC-CO concentration or a measured residual NO x concentration in the exhaust gas behind the honeycomb body 3, the particle filter 4 becomes an oxidizing agent or from a reducing agent reservoir 8 via at least one reducing agent line 9 by means of a pump 11 a reducing agent fed. The particle filter 4 preferably has an integrated distribution device 10 , in particular for supplying the reducing agent, which is connected to the reducing agent line 9 .
Bevorzugt wird fluides Ammoniak als Reduktionsmittel verwendet, welches im Reduktionsmittelreservoir 8 mitgeführt und bedarfsweise zugeführt werden kann. Alternativ hierzu kann das Reduktionsmittel auch als gespeicherter Vorläufer, beispielsweise Harnstoff, im Reduktionsmittelreservoir 8 mitgeführt werden und bedarfsweise, insbesondere pyrolytisch, hergestellt und anschließend als Fluid dem Partikelfilter 4, insbesondere über die Verteileinrichtung 10, zugeführt werden.Fluid ammonia is preferably used as the reducing agent, which is carried in the reducing agent reservoir 8 and can be supplied as required. As an alternative to this, the reducing agent can also be carried as a stored precursor, for example urea, in the reducing agent reservoir 8 and, if necessary, in particular pyrolytically, produced and then fed as a fluid to the particle filter 4 , in particular via the distribution device 10 .
Die eine Ablagerung von Rußpartikeln fördernde Struktur des Partikelfilters 4 ist vorzugsweise eine Porenstruktur oder eine Kanalstruktur, wobei im Fall von Kanälen diese vorzugsweise wenigstens teilweise versetzt und/oder quer angeordnete sind. Zur Regeneration des Partikelfilters 4, d. h. zur Verbrennung der in ihm abgelagerten Rußpartikel, ist der Partikelfilter 4 wenigstens so dicht benachbart hinter dem Wabenkörper 3 angeordnet, daß die Partikel insbesondere ausgelöst durch exotherme Reaktionen im Wabenkörper 3, vorzugsweise in bestimmbaren Intervallen, verbrennen.The structure of the particle filter 4 which promotes the deposition of soot particles is preferably a pore structure or a channel structure, wherein in the case of channels these are preferably at least partially offset and / or arranged transversely. For the regeneration of the particle filter 4 , ie for the combustion of the soot particles deposited in it, the particle filter 4 is arranged at least so closely next to the honeycomb body 3 that the particles burn, in particular triggered by exothermic reactions in the honeycomb body 3 , preferably at determinable intervals.
Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt kann der Wabenkörper 3 auch wenigstens in Teilbereichen zugleich den Partikelfilter 4 bilden. According to the invention, the honeycomb body 3 can also form the particle filter 4 at least in partial areas.
Es sei noch darauf hingewiesen, daß zu der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung von Wabenkörper 3 und Partikelfilter 4 weitere Komponenten im Abgasstrang 2 eines Ottomotors 1 vorgesehen werden können. Insbesondere kann vor dem Wabenkörper 3 wenigstens eine sogenannte Wasserfalle angeordnet sein, die den Wabenkörper 3 und seine katalytische Beschichtung möglichst trocken hält, um die gewünschten Oxidations- bzw. Reduktionsprozesse im Wabenkörper 3 auch bei Abgas- Temperaturen von nur etwa 100°C bewirken zu können. Wasserfallen enthalten deshalb Materialien, welche Wasser unterhalb einer bestimmten Temperatur in großen Mengen auffangen und speichern können.It should also be pointed out that, in addition to the arrangement of honeycomb body 3 and particle filter 4 according to the invention, further components can be provided in the exhaust line 2 of an Otto engine 1 . In particular, at least one so-called water trap can be arranged in front of the honeycomb body 3 , which keeps the honeycomb body 3 and its catalytic coating as dry as possible in order to be able to bring about the desired oxidation or reduction processes in the honeycomb body 3 even at exhaust gas temperatures of only about 100 ° C. . Water traps therefore contain materials that can collect and store large quantities of water below a certain temperature.
Auch kann im Abgasstrang 2 vor dem Wabenkörper 3 zusätzlich ein elektrisch beheizbarer Katalysator angeordnet sein, um eine wenigstens zeitweise erhöhte Abgas-Temperatur für eine katalytische Umsetzung der Schadstoffe auch unmittelbar nach dem Start des Motors sicherzustellen. Letztlich kann der Wabenkörper 3 selbst elektrisch beheizbar sein.In addition, an electrically heatable catalytic converter can also be arranged in the exhaust line 2 in front of the honeycomb body 3 in order to ensure an at least temporarily increased exhaust gas temperature for a catalytic conversion of the pollutants even immediately after the engine is started. Ultimately, the honeycomb body 3 itself can be electrically heated.
Die vorliegende Erfindung eignet sich besonders für Abgasanlagen von Ottomotoren. Dabei übernimmt in vorteilhafter Weise der Partikelfilter 4 neben seiner Aufgabe, gegebenenfalls Rußpartikel abzufangen, während der Kaltstartphase insbesondere die ergänzende Oxidation von restlichen Kohlenwasserstoffen (HC) sowie Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) und im Lastbetrieb des Ottomotors 1 insbesondere die ergänzende Reduktion von restlichen Stickoxiden (NOX). The present invention is particularly suitable for exhaust systems of gasoline engines. In this case, advantageously, the particulate filter 4 not only performs its task to trap optionally soot particles, during the cold start phase, in particular the supplementary oxidation of residual hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) and in the load operation of the gasoline engine 1, in particular the supplementary reduction of remaining nitrogen oxides (NO X ).
11
Ottomotor
Petrol engine
22nd
Abgasstrang
Exhaust line
33rd
Wabenkörper
Honeycomb body
44th
Partikelfilter
Particle filter
55
Meßsonde
Measuring probe
66
Meßsonde
Measuring probe
77
Meßsonde
Measuring probe
88th
Reduktionsmittelreservoir
Reductant reservoir
99
Reduktionsmittelleitung
Reducing agent line
1010th
Verteilereinrichtung
Distribution device
1111
Pumpe
S Strömungsrichtung
pump
S flow direction
Claims (23)
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19901760A DE19901760A1 (en) | 1999-01-18 | 1999-01-18 | Method and arrangement for cleaning an exhaust gas stream of a gasoline engine flowing in an exhaust line |
AU18657/00A AU1865700A (en) | 1999-01-18 | 2000-01-05 | Method and arrangement for purifying an exhaust gas stream of a spark ignition engine flowing in an exhaust gas line |
KR1020017008954A KR20010101549A (en) | 1999-01-18 | 2000-01-05 | Method and arrangement for purifying an exhaust gas stream of a spark ignition engine flowing in an exhaust gas line |
JP2000593848A JP2002535531A (en) | 1999-01-18 | 2000-01-05 | Method and apparatus for purifying an exhaust gas flow flowing in an exhaust gas system |
CN00802895A CN1336981A (en) | 1999-01-18 | 2000-01-05 | Method and arrangement for purifying an exhaust gas stream of a spark ignition flowing in an exhaust gas line |
PCT/EP2000/000047 WO2000042302A1 (en) | 1999-01-18 | 2000-01-05 | Method and arrangement for purifying an exhaust gas stream of a spark ignition engine flowing in an exhaust gas line |
EP00900064A EP1149230A1 (en) | 1999-01-18 | 2000-01-05 | Method and arrangement for purifying an exhaust gas stream of a spark ignition engine flowing in an exhaust gas line |
US09/907,721 US20020011069A1 (en) | 1999-01-18 | 2001-07-18 | Method and configuration for cleaning an exhaust-gas flow flowing in an exhaust system of a gasoline engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19901760A DE19901760A1 (en) | 1999-01-18 | 1999-01-18 | Method and arrangement for cleaning an exhaust gas stream of a gasoline engine flowing in an exhaust line |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE19901760A1 true DE19901760A1 (en) | 2000-07-27 |
Family
ID=7894605
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19901760A Ceased DE19901760A1 (en) | 1999-01-18 | 1999-01-18 | Method and arrangement for cleaning an exhaust gas stream of a gasoline engine flowing in an exhaust line |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20020011069A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1149230A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002535531A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20010101549A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1336981A (en) |
AU (1) | AU1865700A (en) |
DE (1) | DE19901760A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000042302A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20010101549A (en) | 2001-11-14 |
US20020011069A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
AU1865700A (en) | 2000-08-01 |
WO2000042302A1 (en) | 2000-07-20 |
JP2002535531A (en) | 2002-10-22 |
EP1149230A1 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
CN1336981A (en) | 2002-02-20 |
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