DE19851630A1 - Wall / ceiling and roof system for prefabricated buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing construction parts comprised of a material which is hard when the construction part is finished and of a reinforcement which stabilizes said material. The invention provides that the stabilizing reinforcement is formed by using wood treated with cement slurry. The construction parts can, in particular, be walls, ceilings and roofs for low-energy houses.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for Manufacture of a building part according to the generic term of the unab pending procedural claim and on it regulations

Building parts with a hard mass in the finished component and one of these stabilizing reinforcements have long been knows. In modern architecture, steel in particular parts of concrete structures used, i.e. parts in which one Steel reinforcement is provided, which is encapsulated by concrete. The concrete can withstand tensile and compressive forces equally stand.

It is also known to ultimately build parts of a building hard mass like clay and a compartment in between work made of wood. One problem here is that clay and the like not the high durability of concrete sits.

It is also known wood concrete, which is produced as a mixture of binders and sawdust or wood shavings or wood wool and results in a nailable and sawable lightweight concrete with a density between 800 and 1500 kg / m ³ . For the production of this wood concrete, however, oak wood in particular must not be used due to the tannic acid. Wood concrete also has the after part that it shrinks strongly. The term wood concrete is also misleading insofar as it is actually a sawdust concrete, so there is no wood reinforcement, but only one as the purely linguistic comparison with the word "reinforced concrete" might suggest.

Portland-Ze ment as a binder.

Furthermore, wood-plastic combinations are known, too be called polymer wood or synthetic wood. For verb The material properties will become suitable Woods with monomers such as B. methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, Impregnated with styrene and the like and this by heating, Addition of catalysts or primarily through high-energy Radiation brought to polymerization and curing. As Composite materials are the wood-plastic combinations particularly hard and also have greater abrasion and Compressive strength and less sensitivity to moisture than Wood. Dimensional stability and weather resistance are only slightly improved. It is possible to deviate, only to impregnate the surface with plastics, which penetrate different depths into the wood under low pressure without completely soaking it. Plastic resins and the The same as impregnation with wood are expensive and their reaction not well known with damp cement.

It is desirable to get wood from certain sources such as waste wood, spider wood from the sawing industry, perfor Timber, unstressed demolition wood, etc. an economical appropriate use. Often very small ne components in the wood is a common use the grinding method, in particular machining and subsequent production of chipboard, however, experienced according to chipboard made of higher quality base wood have other properties. Processing to the previous mentioned materials such as wood-concrete is also not uncommon problematic because not all types of wood are readily available Processed, especially oak wood due to the ho hen tannic acid content. However, the woods mentioned are general mine is not available by type and sorting is un economically.

The present invention aims to innovate for the commercial to provide application.  

This goal is achieved through the independent claims. Preferred embodiments can be found in the dependent An sayings.

The inventor of the present application has recognized that it It is not only possible to treat wood with cement to make milk largely rot-proof, but that this Treatment is also inexpensive and not or at best negligible for the purposes of the present invention Scope diminishes the positive qualities that the use of the wood in long pieces in previous buildings allows ha ben. This is astonishing in that the cement milk mite a mineralization of the wood down to the fibers can take place in what is expected to be a very hard and would have to lead brittle wood, which by this property for the stabilization on compressive or tensile forces, like them reinforcement, seems rather unsuitable.

However, the cement milk treatment simply protects the wood by mineralization from rotting without the positi ven properties of the wood significantly adversely affect would be pregnant. The cement milk treatment is also price worth it because on the one hand the starting material is inexpensive and on the other hand, any residues remaining after the treatment in the surrounding mass and hard in the finished component can be taken or before applying the mass to the Wood mixed with this in pasty or liquid form that can.

In addition, there is no fear that between the cement milk as an impregnation and / or treatment substance for wood and the disadvantageous mass in the finished part of the building NEN occur.

The wood that is treated with the cement milk according to the invention delt does not have to be selected, but can are compiled from waste wood, chipboard, perfor fortified wood, demolition wood, regardless of whether foliage wood or softwood or even woody parts of plants  become. Obviously, it is easily possible pure wood from sawmills and the like turn, but this is not mandatory, taking that The method according to the invention is also carried out in particular can be, if oak wood with raw tannic acid the Be action is subjected.

The pieces of wood, which are intended for reinforcement, prove prefers a diameter of at least 0.5 cm to a ge certain minimum level of stability from the individual piece of wood to ensure in the reinforcement. Example for comparative These are thin pieces of wood or woody parts of plants Branch wood from thinning, willow branches, etc. The diameter However, the wood pieces are not limited to single to be quite small, but it is easily possible Lich, even pieces of wood up to z. B. 5 cm to use, since the Ze Mentally milk even in such large pieces of wood can be easily penetrated.

The pieces of wood themselves have a length of at least 30 cm to move the forces well from one place to another transmitted and can lengths up to z. B. 5 m what the Processing whole tree trunks, at least young trees, per Facilitates without an expensive and expensive wood crushing is required.

If wood shredding is desired, perhaps because it is used for Available starting material the preferred Dimensions significantly exceeds, it is preferred to use the pieces of wood to shred before the cement milk treatment, especially special along the grain, so that the remaining zer smaller pieces of wood contain comparatively long fibers.

The wood can be dried before the cement milk treatment, namely from the 65% wood moist green wood to about 15-20%. It is preferred if the wood moisture te is 18-20%, because such a wood moisture is not too large Re measures simply by air drying regularly leaves and a further lowering of the wood moisture no longer leads to a significant increase in cement milk intake.  

The cement milk is preferred using Portland Ze ment, and by strong dilution of a Portland cement. Suitable dilutions are here for example, a ratio of 1 to 4 to 1 to 10 shares conventionally mixed Portland cement and water.

The cement milk is further preferred under pressure in the wood pressed in, preferably deep into the interior of the piece of wood preferably to the core.

The one treated with cement milk and preferably completely mineralized wood can, without re-drying or after Drying the intermediate storage lying flat preferably ver equally close together. You can layers intersecting with the pieces of wood are formed in order to with reinforcement forces in different directions increase and transfer.

On the layered and preferably in one Angles of 15-30 ° or more such as 45 ° or 90 ° in layers This crossing wood can then be used with the finished building part hard mass are surrounded. It is preferred if the hard mass in the finished component as a pasty mass on the Layers or between the layers is pressed. The locations are preferably pressed against each other, so that a very good and tight reinforcement is obtained, similar to an optical fiber matte in plastic resins.

Wood chip cement can be used as the hardening mass So the aforementioned concrete, in which sawdust is placed are mixed. Because of the low density of the wood shavings mentes the resulting building part is light and therefore good transportable, so that the transport costs for example Prefabricated building parts sink. In addition, the positive ones remain Preserve wood chip cement properties, d. H. the finished Building part is nailable and, since the internal reinforcement is the same The entire building can be sawn like the surrounding pasty mass workpiece can be sawn easily.  

The pouring of the particularly pasty mass with preference Wood is layered in layers by pressing sen under pressure or by applying a suction vacuum. The wood can be pressed between two pressed parts and being pulled out or pushed on one side, while wood was added in layers from the other side and is shed or pressed with mass. That way the structural part at least almost in the endless process as with Continuous casting can be produced. The speed at which in such an endless process, but also in others Cases, the building part and / or areas of it finished can be increased if the mass to cure is heated. In the aforementioned pressing together Wood layers this is easily possible if the press molds be heated, although other heating options shiningly exist.

The structural part can serve as a preferably load-bearing wall for the housing, house and / or industrial hall construction who formed the.

In such a case it is preferred to installa in the wall channels like for electrical installation, water instal lation, etc. directly with what to cast and / or Pressing pasty mass is easily possible. The Kanä le can also be left out in the formation of the layers and / or by means of correspondingly shaped pressing surfaces with which the individual layers are pressed together, are provided. Optionally, it is also possible to use hollow tubes for the electroin pour in the installation.

It is further preferred if wall heating, i. H. at least the required for this underfloor heating Pipes to be molded into the wall. Pipes, like at Floor heating systems are used, however, are for wall heating tongues in that they are disadvantageous by screws, nails and the like can be damaged, so that possibly This creates leaks and the wall becomes damp. A preferred one Wall heating is therefore obtained by a good heat conduction of the material is placed in the wall. Good heat conduction  de materials are typically metals, these can be for example, by a sufficiently large electrical current be heated up and then give, with arrangement close to the surface tion, especially near the surface finish and molded as the last layer, the heat is very good on the outside. Preferred Heat conductors are made from aluminum shredder, for example manufactured, such as from bottle caps falls from which the plastic inserts have been removed. The use of recycled materials of the type mentioned holds their appropriate crushed scrap and the like the material costs low. Instead of an electrical on heating of the good heat-conducting mass, so that the possible se in the irregular shredder mass by electrical Current flow at transition points with increased contact resistance selectively generated heat well over the entire heating surface distributed, a heating pipe near the floor can also be arranged, for example a conventional water pipe, which is in sufficiently good thermal contact to the thermal compound, so for example, the shredded wall Aluminum. It is not mandatory that Aluminum shredder mass or other heat conducting materials from Provide floor to ceiling. Rather, it is sufficient if this is up to a height of 1 to for example 1.2 m above the floor. Advantages with the largest possible area Insertion of metallic conductors in the wall, depending but preserved insofar as with the metal matrix thus formed at the same time a shield against electrosmog and other elec tromagnetic interference can be achieved. The finished wall preferably has a thickness of at least 20 cm, in particular a standard thickness of 36 cm. Doors and / or Window openings and / or other openings such as passages for House installations etc. from the beginning in the production be released or subsequently by drilling and / or Saws are introduced.

An outer wall skin can be provided on the wall Molded or foam glass and / or expanded concrete and / or others highly insulating, vapor-permeable insulation materials is formed. This increases the water resistance and the attack against Wind, weather and the like, without the ability to diffuse  for moisture is adversely affected. The after the invent House walls manufactured according to the method thus effect a pleasant and healthy living environment.

It is also possible to apply a finish on the inside gene that immediately after assembling the finished building to ge, houses, industrial halls and the like can be painted and / or papered. It is also possible Vorzuse on the outer wall plaster structures and the like hen.

The structural parts produced with the method also have due to the high thermal insulation especially of chipboard concrete has a k value that is typically below 0.27. So they are Walls manufactured according to the invention for low-energy houses suitable without further ado. Protection is also provided for complete construction work parts and low-energy structures, especially low-energy ones claimed energy homes per se, the one according to the invention have manufactured structural part.

The invention is described below by way of example only ben, without reference to a Figure.

According to the invention is used to form a wall for an Indu striehalle wood with a diameter between 0.5 cm and 5 cm in lengths between 30 cm and 5 m made of hardwood, including Oak, softwood or woody plant parts like it as waste wood, chipboard, thinning wood and / or demolition Wood accumulates, air dried until there is a wood moisture between 18% and 20% and optionally a comminution Larger pieces of wood along the fibers to maintain a poss subject to fiber length.

Then the wood is put under pressure in a chamber system Portland cement milk mineralized to the core. The mine Realization affects the external shape of the pieces of wood does not and protects the wood from rotting.  

Then the wooden parts are layered into a mold inserted, which is the size of a typical prefabricated wall for Indu striehallen or houses. First wood is used for example generally in the direction from the future floor placed on the later ceiling. Then pieces of wood become crosswise direction from left to right until another Location is formed. Then a diagonal in one first direction and a diagonal in a second direction and crossing layers of the later floor to later ceiling and from left to right be placed.

The layers are then pressed together with a counterpart a thickness of 36 cm so that a standard wall thickness is obtained and there will be wood concrete between the two stamps of the Press matrix, between which the layers of wood close together densely arranged, pressed. Once the gap completely executed, the shape is preferably opened heats to accelerate the hardening of the wood concrete.

In order to produce a wall for a residential building is inven tion moderately takes into account that with such, also load-bearing Wall, or an interior wall requires a finish that allows more aesthetically pleasing designs than one Simple industrial wall. According to the invention, this is without it with certain installations and windows, or doors or other clippings, starting from the above for a manufacturing process described in a quasi-continuous casting process.

For outer walls, the outer wall is finished from one side also an outer wall layer made of expanded clay or molded or foam glass, i.e. ground waste glass, which is foamed brought while the other side, so the later Innensei is provided with a ready-to-paint finish to give an in to allow wallpapering on the inner wall.

For interior walls, especially non-load-bearing interior walls provide both sides with a ready-to-paint finish.  

For the installations are between the wooden layers and / or on the inner side before grouting with wood concrete Empty pipes arranged for electrical installation lines conditions, communication lines, fresh water, waste water and the same, are suitable.

A pipe as known per se for underfloor heating is provided to obtain wall heating. Dude natively or additionally, an aluminum mass up to z. B. a height of 1.2 m above the future floor, the as aluminum shredder mass from bottle caps is made and which is on the bottom with a heating element pipe, which extends the length of the wall, in Thermal connection is.

The structural parts produced in this way are quick and accurate Extremely affordable in the low-energy house standard with k values to produce in continuous production below 0.27. The Ver use of installation channels that are also cast in, causes the wall system with regard to the electrical installation tion immediately complies with the relevant DIN standards.

It goes without saying that windows and / or doors optionally at the Formation to be released.

Claims (35)

1. Process for the production of structural parts from a hard mass in the finished structural part and a stabilizing reinforcement, characterized in that the stabilizing reinforcement is formed using wood treated with cement milk. 2. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized characterized that the wood is selected from one or more of waste wood, chipboard, perfor stake wood and / or demolition wood. 3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, since characterized by that the wood is selected is made from hardwood including oak, softwood or woody parts of plants. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cement mite act in particular, but not necessarily exclude Lich, on pieces of wood with a diameter of at least 0.5 cm and preferably up to 5 cm. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cement mite act in particular, but not necessarily exclude Lich on pieces of wood with a length of at least 30 cm,  preferably over 1 m and particularly preferably up to about 5 m Length is made. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, since characterized in that the pieces of wood in particular especially before the cement milk treatment at least in part and / or preferably exclusively at most along the company be crushed in order to make a particular one high proportion of pieces of wood with a fiber length of we to get at least 30 cm, preferably up to 5 m in length. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the wood in front of the Ze milk treatment to 15-20%, preferably about 18-20% Wood moisture is dried. 8. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized characterized that the wood is air dried. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, since characterized in that the cement milk from or using cement, especially Portland Ze ment is manufactured. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cement milk for Treatment is pressed into the wood. 11. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized characterized that penetration of the cement milk until deep inside the piece of wood. 12. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized characterized in that the cement milk into the Wood core is pressed. 13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cement milk treatment of the wood is carried out in this way the wood will be mineralized.   14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that with cement milk treated and especially mineralized wood flat Gend, preferably is arranged close to each other. 15. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein several Layers of wood should be provided on top of each other, in which generally cross the pieces of wood, preferably we at least two different layers are provided, de general laying directions are at an angle of we at least 30 °, preferably 45 ° and in particular about 90 ° cross. 16. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized characterized in that the wood is arranged in layers before the hard mass in the finished component is opened is brought. 17. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the layers of the layered wood before opening and / or Penetration of the hard mass in the finished component together be squeezed. 18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein than hard mass in the finished building part de, preferably pasty mass, especially cement, ver is applied. 19. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein wood chip cement is used. 20. The method of claim 17 or 18, wherein the mass ver is poured, especially under pressure or by applying of a suction vacuum. 21. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein process the mass with the wood in an endless process is tested.   22. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein the end loose process is carried out as a continuous casting process. 23. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mass is heated to harden. 24. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein as a structural part, a preferably load-bearing wall in particular formed for residential and / or industrial hall construction becomes. 25. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in the wall installation channels, especially for the Electrical installation in the manufacture of structural parts molded in at the same time, in particular cast in, become. 26. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a wall heater is molded into the wall. 27. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a thermally conductive material, especially a metalli shear conductor, particularly preferably aluminum shredder sse or the like in the wall up to a predetermined Height of 1 to 1.2 m above the floor preferred is molded close to the surface and optionally with electrical connections for electrical excitation and / or ge in thermal connection with a heat pipe is brought in so as to mold the wall heating. 28. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wall has a thickness of at least 20 cm, in particular of 36 cm. 29. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein Doors and / or window openings and / or other openings in the prefabricated part of the building by drilling and / or Saws are introduced.   30. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein an outer wall skin is provided. 31. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer wall skin made of molded or foam glass and / or expanded concrete and / or other breathable, highly insulating Insulating materials is formed. 32. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a finish on the inside and / or on the outside cast or cast an outer wall structure at the same time is provided, in particular an outside rubbing plaster structure and / or a ready-to-paint outer wall structure. 33. Building part made of a hard mass with a stabilizer reinforcement made of wood treated with cement milk, in particular according to one of the preceding claims and with a k-value below 0.27. 34. Low-energy building, especially residential building, with little At least one part of the building, which according to one of the previous is produced claims, in particular with a Building part according to the preceding claim. 35. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, cavity structures are built into the outer skin, which serve as an airlock for heat recovery (air veil technology).