DE19830601A1

DE19830601A1 - Producing homogeneous components with complex shape involves using at least two dies whose end surfaces incorporate the contour of the component to be produced

Info

Publication number: DE19830601A1
Application number: DE1998130601
Authority: DE
Inventors: Friedrich Tilman Hes
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1998-07-09
Filing date: 1998-07-09
Publication date: 2000-03-09

Abstract

The method involves use of at least two dies (7, 8, 9, 10) whose end surfaces (B) incorporate the contour of the component to be produced. By means of guide elements (1, 2, 3, 4), these dies include a required angle. In the final position of the dies their end surfaces directly adjoin one another. Preferred Features: The dies (7, 8, ...) include angles in such a way that in their final position they surround the component on all sides. Forming of components takes place with weighed amounts materials from separate measuring containers. The dies are subdivided into elements for production of components with different diameters. The material for components is transported to the forming process with use of shaker motions to ensure their homogeneity. The dies are retracted for removal of completed components, with one of the dies holding the component in its removal position against the force of gravity. With the dies retracted , mats are positioned between the die end faces and the contour of the component. Subsequently these mats pressed into the component for preliminary compaction of the material. The guide elements (1, 2, ...) are milled out of separate parts which are joined to one another by screws.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Formgebungsvorrichtung mit einer allseitigen homogenen Druckerzeugung zur Herstellung von qualitativen Formteilen unter der Verwendung von pulver- oder granulatförmigen Medien, insbesondere Keramik, Polytetrafluorätylen, pulvermetallurgischer Werkstoffe u. a.
Der Fachmann benutzt z. B. beim Heißpressen eine bzw. beim axialen Verdichten zwei gegenüberliegende Matrizen, jedoch lassen sich auf diese Weise nur einfache Formteile erzeugen. Für komplexere Formteile bedient er sich daher des Spritzgießens. Dabei müssen Binder ausgetrieben werden. Ab einer gewissen Wandstärke wird die Herstellung daher unwirtschaftlich. Zudem kann der Fachmann Formteile aus PTFE nicht thermoplastisch verarbeiten, es können daher keine Spritzgußanlagen angewandt werden. Eine Konfiguration mit der eine allseitige Umschließung und Verdichtung auch unter Einwirkung der Sinterstadien durch Matrizen vorgenommen wird, ist dem Fachmann bisher nicht bekannt. Zudem läßt sich im Rahmen der erfindungsgemäßen Formgebungsvorrichtung eine entsprechend abgewogene und entlüftete Menge von Keramikpulver verwenden, die bis an die konturprägenden Stirnseiten der Matrizen (B) vollständig in der Formgebungsvorrichtung vorliegt, verdichten. Auf diese Weise lassen sich völlig neue Ausmaße von komplexen Formteilen qualitätssichernd und endkonturgerecht herstellen, ohne Zusätze von Bindemitteln. Beim Sintern muß vorzugsweise nicht auf das teure heißisostatische Pressen gegriffen werden, eine Verkapselung und Druckerzeugung wird durch die Matrizen erreicht. Der Anspruch verkörpert daher eine völlig neue Vorrichtung. The invention relates to a shaping device with homogeneous pressure generation on all sides for the production of qualitative molded parts using powdered or granular media, in particular ceramics, polytetrafluoroethylene, powder metallurgical materials and others
The expert uses z. B. in hot pressing one or in axial compression two opposing dies, but only simple molded parts can be produced in this way. He therefore uses injection molding for more complex molded parts. Binder must be driven out. From a certain wall thickness, the production is therefore uneconomical. In addition, the person skilled in the art cannot process molded parts made of PTFE thermoplastic, so that no injection molding systems can be used. The person skilled in the art is not yet familiar with a configuration with which all-round encapsulation and compression is carried out even under the influence of the sintering stages. In addition, in the context of the shaping device according to the invention, a correspondingly weighed and vented amount of ceramic powder can be used, which is completely present in the shaping device up to the contour-shaping end faces of the dies (B). In this way, completely new dimensions of complex molded parts can be produced in a quality-assured and final shape, without the addition of binders. When sintering, the expensive hot isostatic pressing does not have to be used, encapsulation and pressure generation is achieved by the dies. The claim therefore embodies a completely new device.

drawings

Die in Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 dargestellte Formvorrichtung ist Teil einer gesamten Anlage und ist mit deren weiteren Komponenten in bekannter und notwendiger Weise zur funktionsgerechten Durchführung von Formgebungsabläufen verbunden, ohne daß dies hier weiter dargestellt wäre.The molding apparatus shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is part of a whole plant and is connected to the other components in a known manner and necessary for the functionally appropriate carrying out shaping operations, without this being shown further herein.

In den Zeichnungen ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel gewählt, in der das Formteil A (Kugel) durch 6 Stempel beim Erreichen der Endkontur mit den Flächen der Stirnseiten komplett umschlossen wird. In der Fig. 1 zeigt der Ausschnitt die Draufsicht auf die horizontal angeordneten Führungen 1, 2, 3, 4 der Matrizen 7, 8, 9, 10 mit deren formgebenden Stirnseiten B. In der Fig. 2 zeigt der Ausschnitt die Seitenansicht der noch verbleibenden beiden Führungen 5, 6 der Matrizen 11, 12. Die Führungen der Matrizen 7 bis 12 können vor und zurückgefahren werden und besitzen eigene, in der Zeichnung ansatzweise dargestellte Führungen 13, die miteinander verstrebt sind. Diese Verstrebungen, die zudem mit einem Rüttler verbunden sind, sind in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt. In der Fig. 2 sehen wir die Einlässe der Werkstoffzufuhr der Laufführung 5 im Bereich C. Die Fig. 1 zeigt den abgeschlossenen Auffüllungsvorgang des Werkstoffs D in der Formgebungsvorrichtung und das zu erwartende Formteil A. In der Fig. 2 zeigt die Formgebungsvorrichtung, das auf die Endkontur verdichtete Formteil A, wobei die Flächen der formgebenden Stirnseiten der Matrizen beim Erreichen das Formteil allseitig umschließen. Die Stirnseiten 1a und 2a der Führungen 1 und 2 schließen an die Außenwände der Führungen 3, 4, 5 und 6 an. Die Stirnseiten der Führungen 3a und 4a der Führungen 3 und 4 ergänzen die Formen der inneren Wände der Führungen 1, 2, 5 und 6. Die Stirnseiten 5a und 6a der Führungen 5 und 6 sind entsprechend abgestuft, so daß sie die noch fehlenden Formen der inneren Wände der Führungen 1 und 2 ergänzen und an die Außenwände der Führungen 3 und 4 anschließen.In the drawings, an embodiment is chosen in which the molded part A (ball) is completely enclosed by 6 stamps when the end contour is reached with the surfaces of the end faces. In Fig. 1, the detail shows the top view of the horizontally arranged guides 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 of the dies 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 with their shaping end faces B. In Fig. 2, the detail shows the side view of the remaining ones two guides 5 , 6 of the matrices 11 , 12 . The guides of the matrices 7 to 12 can be moved back and forth and have their own guides 13 , which are shown in the drawing and which are braced with one another. These struts, which are also connected to a vibrator, are not shown in the drawing. In FIG. 2 we see the inlets of the material feed of the barrel guide 5 in the area C. FIG. 1 shows the completed filling process of the material D in the shaping device and the molded part A to be expected. In FIG. 2 the shaping device shows that the final contour is compressed by molded part A, the surfaces of the shaping end faces of the dies enclosing the molded part on all sides when they are reached. The end faces 1 a and 2 a of the guides 1 and 2 connect to the outer walls of the guides 3 , 4 , 5 and 6 . The end faces of the guides 3 a and 4 a of the guides 3 and 4 complement the shapes of the inner walls of the guides 1 , 2 , 5 and 6 . The end faces 5 a and 6 a of the guides 5 and 6 are graded accordingly, so that they complement the still missing shapes of the inner walls of the guides 1 and 2 and connect to the outer walls of the guides 3 and 4 .

Claims

1. Shaping process for powdery and granular media, in particular ceramics, polytetrafluoroethylene, powder metallurgical materials, modular composition of moldings of these media, for filling, compression or sintering z. B. complex molded parts, characterized in that at least two dies, the end faces (B) of which contain the contour of the molded part, by means of guides ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ) appropriately enclose an angle, the faces of the end faces ( B) close the matrices together when the final contour of the molded part is reached.

2. Molding process according to claim 1, characterized in that matrices ( 7 to 12 ), the end faces (B) of which contain the contour of the molded part, through guides ( 1 to 6 ) enclose angles, the faces of the end faces (B) of the dies at Reach the end contour of the molded part on all sides ( Fig. 2).

3. Molding process according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that materials in the area (C) Running guides and the matrices are embedded.

4. Shaping process according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that a correspondingly weighed Quantity of materials is assigned to the molding process, e.g. B. by a supply and Supply container on which several according to the cycle requirements of the passage of molded parts subordinate, e.g. B. dosing containers to be filled in succession are connected

5. Molding process according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that according to the purpose creating contour of the molded part, matrices divided into different diameters of the molded part and that the arrangement of these subdivisions according to the diameter against each other so are shifted that the compression paths of different lengths the pressure conditions of the molded part regulate.

6. Shaping method according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that appropriately matrices or the subdivisions of which are completely extended before filling, compaction or sintering in order to e.g. B. to subtract voids and threads.

7. Molding process according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the material under the Influence of vibrations in the molding process is transported and homogeneous to the enriches shaping contours.

8. Molding process according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the materials, for. Tie Dosing containers are vented accordingly one after the other and the total weighed amount before Compacting the material selection into the likewise hermetically sealed shaping device is let in.

9. Molding process according to claim 1, 2, 5 and 6, characterized in that the guides for Removal are withdrawn and the molding according to the handling z. B. from the die is held, which holds the molded part against gravity in the removal position.

10. Shaping process according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that when the guide is retracted a mat, which can also be divided, between the face of the die and the contour of the Molded part is positioned. The mat is then pressed into the final contour of the molded part.

11. Shaping process according to claim 10, characterized in that the final contour is made only after inserting the mat or its subdivisions. Pre-compression is preferably proposed, which is compressed perpendicular to the end faces of the guides 3 a and 5 a, depending on the number of mats that the molded part is to receive.

12. Shaping process according to claim 1, 2, 10, 11, characterized in that the stability accordingly Components are assembled with mats so that an exact inner position of one or more Mats done inside.

13. Molding process according to claim 1, 2, 10, 11, 12, characterized in that one from the outside Composite surface coverage of mats is done.

14. Molding process according to claim 1, 2, 10, 11, 12, characterized in that molded parts are removed e.g. B. in the heated, cooling state of the sintering process and as press fits to assemblies be put together.

15. Molding process according to claim 1 to 3, 5 to 7, 9 to 13, characterized in that guides milled from several parts and then screwed together.

16. Molding process according to claim 15, characterized in that corresponding inlays are attached to the end faces of the guides 3 a, 4 a, 5 a, 6 a. More can be connected directly to these inlays from the inside of the guides. The guides 1 to 6 can then be equipped up to the edges towards the molded part. The guides can preferably be equipped with fiber-reinforced inlays made of ceramic, for. B. silicon carbite.