DE19816709A1 - Control system for building ventilation systems - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves the cooperating operation of a central speed-regulated fan, controllable air extraction valves (2.1-2.n) in the rooms to be ventilated, and sensors (4.1-4.n) for detecting ventilation requirements and controllers (1.1-1.n). Information about events leading to ventilation requirements is directly passed to the controller of the particular valve. The opening of the valve is caused by the response of at least one sensor signaling the requirement for ventilation. A bus system (7) is used for the transfer of state and control information. The effected speed control of the central fan depends on the number of air extraction valves associated with it and signaled as open via the bus system. An Independent claim is also included for an arrangement for controlling building ventilation systems

Description

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for controlling Building ventilation systems through the interaction of a central speed-controllable fans, controllable exhaust air valves on the ventilated Rooms, sensors for the detection of ventilation requirements and Control devices as required for efficient building ventilation become.

For reasons of the building physics requirements and the rational Building ventilation systems are considered indispensable today. The developed state of the art in this area is described in DE 44 17 740 A1 featured.

The technical solution announced there uses a central ventilation system, that the rooms connected to an exhaust air system with the help of a speed-controlled central exhaust fan vented.

For this purpose, each connected room has at least one controllable one Exhaust air valve, via at least one sensor for detecting the use of the room and via a central control, which at least via a control line is operatively connected to the controllable exhaust valve and to the sensor. Such a technical solution points regardless of what has been achieved technical progress has significant technical and economic disadvantages. In practice, this proves the use of separate control lines between sensors, control valves, exhaust fan and the central control as disadvantageous.

In addition to high material costs for cables and wires are in the implementation this solution considerable installation costs and construction costs for creating and closing wall and ceiling openings for the Arrangement of the required cable harnesses to be considered.

With the high level of technical piping, fire protection Acceptable avoidable burdens.

In practice, this complex technical solution is used exclusively in the Form applied that the speed control of the exhaust fan using Frequency converter is realized in the immediate vicinity of the separate from the Exhaust fan arranged control system are stationed. To secure the required shielding of the apartments from the high-frequency Interference fields are subject to considerable expenses.  

As a rule, the necessary installation and wiring work only can be realized by specialized companies.

The ability to remotely diagnose technical solutions according to the state of the art Technology are severely restricted.

The space required for the central control system and for the remarkable Cable volume complicates the application of the known technical solution in the In case of retrofitting existing residential buildings. Generally they need Controlled exhaust valves used in previously known systems during the total opening time a working voltage, what the desired Energy savings diminish.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a technical solution that overcomes the shortcomings of the known prior art.

It is supposed to be a new technical solution for the control of Building ventilation systems are created, with the help of cost-effective, space and time-saving the building ventilation in terms of building physics necessary dimensions and if necessary also according to the physiological Guaranteed needs of building users and the energy consumption of the Plant can be reduced.

The object is achieved essentially by the characterizing Features of claims 1, 7 and 10 solved.

After that, the procedure for controlling building ventilation systems is complete the interaction of a central speed-controllable fan, controllable Exhaust valves between the rooms to be ventilated and a central one Exhaust duct, sensors for the detection of ventilation requirements in the respective room connected to the building ventilation system and Control devices through several distinctive process steps featured.

In a first step, the information about events that can lead to ventilation requirements, directly to the control of the respective Transfer exhaust valve. The information is transmitted in primarily bypassing long lines and one for the proposed technical solution not required central control device directly to the decentralized control part of the respective exhaust valve.  

In a second step, the opening of the respective exhaust air valve if there is a ventilation requirement caused by the Evaluation of programmed logical combinations of conditions and Sensor signals is recognized by the control unit. Such a sensor signal can, for example, from a movement signaling the use of space, Infrared, vibration detector, a microphone performing the same task or by a light sensor or by commissioning the Lighting device are generated.

In addition, it is also possible to open the respective exhaust valve on the air humidity, the room temperature or the air composition addictive.

For the transmission of the status and control information according to the invention no separate line connections but a uniform one Bus system used. This can either be a control line and / or Power line bus system.

The procedural solution also includes that Speed control of the central exhaust fan depending on the Number of open ones assigned to it and signaled via the bus system Exhaust valves are made. This ensures that only those connected to the Building ventilation system connected rooms are vented for in there is a signaled ventilation requirement in the specific situation. This enables the ventilation system with the least energy consumption to operate themselves and also the energy expenditure for the replacement of the the sensible heat of the extracted air volume required space heating minimize.

This is achieved in particular by the fact that the ventilation requirements leading events through manually operated and / or temperature, Humidity, time or movement registering sensors can be detected. Preferably, the information acquired is directly intelligent Control of the exhaust air valve transmitted without a central control system in To claim. Regardless, the sensors and switches are for that Signaling ventilation requirements or switching states of the Exhaust valves and the central exhaust fan with a control line bus system connected so that central monitoring, if necessary, Condition analyzes and the like.

The control of the speed controller with the bus system is also in Connection. As a result, the speed controller can be essentially dependent the time of day and the number of open exhaust air valves as well as system and environmental fixed and variable correction factors additional Get control information.  

Basically, everyone can operate the building ventilation system required information about the interacting components via a common bus system are transmitted.

In a further embodiment it is possible that the information about the Events leading to the ventilation requirement for the control of the central Exhaust fan and / or the exhaust valves processed freely programmable become. For this it is necessary that everyone is connected to the bus system Component is assigned at least one unique address.

In another embodiment, the method according to the invention is for Control of building ventilation systems through the interaction of a central speed-adjustable fan, controllable exhaust air valves on the venting rooms, sensors for the detection of ventilation requirements and Control devices also characterized in that the first Information about the existence of ventilation requirements directly to the individual control of the respective exhaust valve can be transferred. Of the Open state of the respective exhaust air valve is indicated by the response from at least one sensor signaling the ventilation requirement causes. Finally, the speed control takes place according to this method variant of the central exhaust fan depending on the number of it assigned open exhaust valves. The information for the switching status In this case, the individual exhaust air valves are dispensed with special control line bus system directly to the speed control of the central exhaust fan transmitted.

The events leading to ventilation requirements are changed manually actuated and / or temperature, humidity, time or movement registering sensors detected.

The control of the speed controller is preferably with a higher-level System component in connection and gets essentially dependent the time of day and the number of open exhaust air valves as well as system and environmental fixed and variable correction factors Control information.

The proposed procedure makes it possible to minimize the space, Cost and time requirements for building ventilation systems in newly built and in existing buildings and at the same time the existing ones Comprehensively meet the requirements of modern building ventilation systems. In essence, this is achieved by using directly with each other communicating system components, especially those with intelligent Controls equipped exhaust air valves and speed controls.  

This procedure is still a prerequisite for the use of Coupling links, with the help of superordinate criteria Transfer control impulses and carry out diagnostic and accounting tasks Remote data transmission can be processed. Through the use of Control line bus systems and network line bus systems can be also cost reductions from reduced material requirements, less Achieve space requirements and minimized installation work.

The invention is further characterized by a device for Implementation of the aforementioned procedure.

It initially consists of a speed-controlled exhaust fan at least two controllable exhaust air valves, from sensors for the detection of Ventilation requirements and from control devices. It is essential that the control unit of the controllable exhaust valves directly at the respective Exhaust valve is arranged and with the one leading to ventilation requirements Events signaling switches and sensors is connected. Between the controllable exhaust air valves and the controlled speed controller for a bus system is arranged in the central exhaust fan.

In addition, a separate control unit is arranged on the speed controller. In addition are components on the bus system for the power supply, for the Provision of the time and for recording the operating state of the Device arranged.

In a further embodiment, the controllable exhaust air valve with one Opening and closing self-locking electrically operated Drive equipped.

It is also possible that the events leading to the ventilation requirement signaling sensors are integrated directly in the exhaust valve. The control units of the exhaust air valves are preferred for the individual ones Needs independently of one another and freely programmable. It has also proven to be advantageous that the speed controller in is located in the immediate vicinity of the central exhaust fan. In addition, the bus system can also be operated with a telecommunications interface Connect.

Striking components of the device are thus in addition to the controlled ones Exhaust air valves the controlled speed controller for the central exhaust air fan, the control line bus system and possibly also that Power line bus system.  

Using these ingredients comes with a comparatively low level of technical Effort both planning and practical implementation and ongoing Operation of a building ventilation system enables. At the same time uncomplicated not only the elementary building physics and minimum safety requirements but also higher requirements to the economic operation and from the individual needs of Meet building users. This corresponds to the newly created technical solution the demands placed on a practical constructional innovation Need to become.

Using the proposed system components, uncomplicated simple switch for both controlling the exhaust air valves and also insert for the control of the speed controller, for example switches for continuous operation or for ventilation breaks.

It is also possible to use the system in a much simpler way than before with systems for heat recovery or for building ventilation couple.

Overall, the advantages of the invention consist in the fact that it exists at all times Can be upgraded and retrofitted without entering the basic components of the technical solution to have to intervene. Another characteristic of the newly created solution is that essentially uniform and standardized system components for Can be used. The individual requirements are in the essentially through the programmable control elements of the used Exhaust air valves and the required speed controller for the central one Exhaust fan fulfilled. Without being tied to a central control unit enable the proposed bus systems, if necessary from higher-level ones System components to carry out control interventions and the associated Telecommunications interface to be set up at the same time for the purposes of remote diagnosis for Use alarm functions and for system monitoring.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with exemplary embodiments become.

Show in the attached drawing

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the control of a building ventilation system when using a separate control line bus system.

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the control of a building ventilation system with partial use of the existing electrical lines as a bus system.

Embodiment 1

In Figs. 1 and 2 control versions are shown schematically for building ventilation systems. The elements of the control systems shown are differentiated in terms of process technology into field devices, central devices and system components.

The field devices are the exhaust air valves 2.1 to 2. n with the associated control units 1.1 to 1. n, the switches 3.1 to 3. n, the sensors 4.1 to 4. n, the control unit 14 for the speed controller 5 , the further sensors 16 , 17 designated for pressure and temperature as well as the smoke / fire detector 15 .

The central units, on the other hand, are those elements of the control system that are regularly required only once per ventilation system, whereby the ventilation system can be designed with one or more branches. Such elements are, for example, the voltage supply 8 , the device for providing the clock 9 , the computer interface 10 for programming the system behavior, the clock 11 for providing the time base and the telecommunications interface 12.

In contrast, the bus coupler 19 , the media coupler 23 and the bandstop 25 represent system components.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the method for controlling a building ventilation system, as shown on the left side of the nth floor in FIGS. 1 and 2, is implemented. For this purpose, the exhaust air valve 2. n is equipped with a control unit 1. n, which is connected to the light switch 3. n of the ventilated room and to a motion detector 4. n. The control unit 1. n has a connection to the control line bus system 7 , via which the control unit 1. n can communicate with other bus subscribers. The control unit 1. n also has a programmable logic which can process the signals of the switch 3. n and the sensor 4. n as input variables and can generate an output signal for actuating the exhaust air valve 2. n. In addition, the control unit 1. n is able to provide all available information about the state of the switch 3. n, the sensor 4. n and the exhaust air valve 2. n for other bus subscribers and control commands for the exhaust air valve 2. n to receive the bus connection.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the control unit 1. n is integrated in the exhaust air valve. Due to the predominant assembly of the exhaust air valves in the vicinity of the ceiling, this arrangement proves to be advantageous for the use of the sensor 4. n, which for this reason is also directly connected to the exhaust air valve 2. n and the control unit 1. n. In contrast, the switch 3. n assigned to the exhaust air valve 2. n is mounted in a separate housing in the normal handle area and connected to the control unit 1. n in the exhaust air valve 2. n via a separate line.

The control line bus system 7 is constructed in a tree structure entirely from newly installed telecommunication cables of type JY (St) Y2x2x0.6. This embodiment variant is based on FIG. 1.

When carrying out the illustrated embodiment in existing buildings, the installation effort for necessary bus lines according to FIG. 2 is minimized in that the existing electrical installation lines between the individual floors and the electrical meter 24 are also used as a mains line bus system 22 for signal transmission. For this purpose, the signals between the control line bus system 7 and the power line bus system 22 are adapted and transmitted by a media coupler 23 . The bandstop 25 prevents the signals impressed on the power line bus system 22 from spreading into the public power supply network.

In the building to be ventilated itself, the impressed signals are made available to all electrical energy consumers by the mains line bus system 22 via the electrical meters 24 . For this purpose, media couplers 23 are installed in the individual electrical energy distributions, each of which establish the connection to the local control line bus systems 7 . So that the system behavior of the ventilation system can be adapted to individual needs, the interaction of the field and central devices can be programmed via the computer interface 10 in accordance with RS 232 . In order to be able to specifically address the field and central devices involved via the control line bus system 7 and / or via the network line bus system 22 , a unique address is preset for each device during assembly. Depending on the device version, this can be done on the hardware or software side.

According to embodiment 1, the control of the building ventilation system is implemented in the following way:
In the room ventilation via a central exhaust duct 13 , in which a negative pressure is generated by the exhaust fan 6 , the air flows through all the leaks and primarily through the openings released by the exhaust valves 2.1 to 2. n in the central exhaust duct 13 and is through the exhaust fan 6 transported out of the building.

This ensures that, in spite of any existing leaks in the exhaust duct 13, no other rooms are adversely affected by odors and the like. Due to any existing or emerging leaks and because of the flow resistances to be overcome in the individual cross sections of the exhaust duct 13 , with a defined delivery rate of the exhaust fan 6 at each exhaust valve 2.1 to 2. n, a possibly different negative pressure occurs, which with the same opening cross section of the exhaust valve 2.1 to 2. n would cause different volume flows.

To ensure the minimum volume flows of 60 m ³ / h required for the corresponding rooms in accordance with DIN 18017 for ventilated kitchenettes / kitchens or bathrooms and toilets, the adjustment of the opening cross-section for each exhaust air valve can be adjusted via the control of the valve drive.

For this purpose, the exhaust air valve 2. n is equipped with a self-locking drive, which during the movement (time for the change in the opening state), an electric power required by about 2 watts. In the specific case, a semaphorical system between the control units 1.1 to 1. n ensures that only a limited number of valve actuators are operated in each case, which has an advantageous effect on the dimensioning of the voltage supply 8 and the line cross sections to be installed, as compared with previously known control methods. In order to achieve a defined state of the building ventilation system again after a possible power failure, each system component carries out a power-on reset, whereby the exhaust air valves 2.1 to 2. n are closed with a maximum movement and the corresponding parameters are reset or reset. The radio or battery-backed clock 11 provides the time base for the cyclical (demand-independent) venting as well as the information to distinguish between day and night operation, week and weekend operation, and summer and winter operation.

In the case of cyclical ventilation, for example, during daytime operation between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m., five time windows with a length of 2 h each to start a cyclical venting. The start of the Venting takes place automatically within the respective time window when the current demand ventilation is below 30%, otherwise at the end of each Time window. Doing this one by one for the duration of a preprogrammed one Depending on the size of the room, all those rooms are vented no equivalents currently or within the current time window Demand ventilation has taken place.  

On the one hand, this prevents that in rooms where there is a long time No need ventilation has occurred, moisture damage occurs. On the other hand, it prevents the rooms in which a Demand ventilation has taken place through the additional cyclical ventilation heat energy is withdrawn unnecessarily.

During night operation, for example between 10 p.m. and At 6 a.m. there is no cyclical ventilation to reduce ventilation noise carried out. During this time, they are also switched on Continuous ventilation interrupted. Regardless of that, necessary remain On-demand vents continue to be used.

When a sensor is detected by 4.1 . . . 4. n signaled use of the room or at a measured air humidity of more than 70%, a ventilation requirement arises after a pre-programmed delay time, whereby the demand ventilation is started. The ventilation takes place over a period in which the ventilation requirement exists. It only ends after the expiration of a follow-up time depending on the length of the ventilation time after the use of the room has ceased. This run-on time is selected according to the duration of the corresponding use of the room, however, for a maximum of 15 minutes.

For individual influencing the ventilation sequence also switch 3. n is available. If necessary, it consists of two buttons with status indicators for switching the permanent ventilation and the ventilation break on and off.

To enable continuous ventilation of the room, for example when drying laundry in bathrooms or while using cooking and baking equipment in kitchens, the button for permanent ventilation must be pressed. As a result, the permanent ventilation remains active until the button is pressed again and is only interrupted during night operation or canceled by a system reset command. To increase living comfort, it is further provided that to prevent drafts during showering or bathing, the venting process can be interrupted by actuating the "ventilation break" button. By pressing this switch 3. n again at the end of room use or after a 30-minute ventilation break, the ventilation process is continued. In the case of weekend operation, the day regime is essentially postponed to the period between 8:00 a.m. and 11:00 p.m.

The exemplary embodiment also provides for the ventilation system to be controlled in a manner dependent on the outside temperature for the purpose of saving energy, for which purpose the temperature sensor 16 is used. At very low outside temperatures, the number of cyclical venting processes is reduced and subsequently increased at higher temperatures.

For the speed setting of the exhaust air fan 6 , the exhaust air valves 2.1 to 2. n signal their open state to the control unit 14 of the speed controller 5 via the available bus system 7 , 22 . This control unit 14 calculates the manipulated variable for the speed controller 5, which is designed as a frequency converter, from the number of open exhaust valves 2.1 to 2. n and the system-specific, permanently programmed and environmental-dependent variable correction factors . The manipulated variable is in the form of a standardized voltage signal in the range from 0 to 10 V. spent.

A control voltage of 0 V corresponds to the standstill of the fan motor in the event that there is no complete ventilation requirement for the rooms connected to the ventilation system and a control voltage of 10 V corresponds to the fan speed required to generate the necessary volume flow when all exhaust air valves 2.1 to 2 are fully opened . n is required. Although a fixed-speed characteristic curve is sufficient for the exhaust fan 6 in most applications, there are cases which are characterized by unusually frequent atmospheric conditions, for example by strong winds or by unfavorable pressure conditions. To prevent inadequate delivery of the exhaust air fan 6 and thus impaired room ventilation, this is prevented by making the speed control of the exhaust air fan 6 pressure-dependent. For this purpose, the control unit 14 of the speed controller 6 forms a control circuit with the pressure sensor 17 mounted on the central exhaust duct 13 , with the aid of which the speed of the exhaust air fan 6 is corrected to the required extent. Since the values detected by the pressure sensor 17 are available to all bus users via the bus system 7 , 22 , the ventilation system can in principle be monitored by all bus users. Here there is the possibility of detecting changes in pressure in defined states, possible manipulations or errors in the system, for example defects in an exhaust air valve 2.1 to 2. n or the exhaust air fan 6 , and to provide this error message via the telecommunications interface 12 . It is also provided that the telecommunications interface 12 triggers a fire alarm which is detected by the smoke / fire detector 15 installed in the central exhaust duct 13 or by the sensors 4.1 to 4. n. In addition, the telecommunications interface 12 is used for remote maintenance and programming of the building ventilation system.

In the exemplary embodiment, a system coupling point 18 is also provided, with the aid of which the connection and integration of heat recovery, room ventilation, heating and solar systems and other systems of complex building management technology and, if necessary, the connection of further ventilation lines 21 should be made possible.

Embodiment 2

According to the Fig. 1 and 2 Except that the switch 3 and the n sensors 4. n with a separate control unit with bus coupled to the information n 1 of the embodiment 1. Via the control line bus system 7 , the corresponding information reaches the control unit of the respective exhaust air valve 2. n, as shown on the right side of the floor n. In FIGS. 1 and 2.

Embodiment 3

According to the Fig. 1 and 2, the solution of the present example of the embodiment 2 differs only in that the control unit 1.1 for the switches 3.1 and the sensors 4.1 with the central strand of the control line bus system 7 and, in addition to the control unit of the respective Exhaust valve 2.1 is connected. If a network line bus system 22 is used , the information from the switches 3.1 and the sensors 4.1 via the respective control unit 1.1 first reaches the media coupler 23 via the network lines of the respective apartments and via this into the control unit 1.1 of the respective exhaust air valve 2.1 Control line bus system 7. It is also possible to simultaneously control or switch several exhaust air valves 2.1 at the same time. Such an embodiment is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for the left and right strand of the first floor.

Embodiment 4

According to FIG. 2, the technical solution described in Embodiment 1 is modified by the present example, that occurs in the basement of the to be equipped with a building ventilation system building a retrofitting of the existing cabinet for electrical counter 24 to the existing power lines at least partially as a power line -Bus system 22 can be used.

For this purpose, at the outlet of the main electrical supply line 26 there is first a band lock 25 and for connecting the meter cabinet to the central control system of the building ventilation system, consisting of the voltage supply 8 , the time generator 9 , the computer interface 10 , the master clock 11 , the telecommunications interface 12 and the bus coupler 19 Media coupler 23 interposed. Such media couplers 23 are necessarily also located between the electrical supply lines of the individual apartments and the separate branches of the control line bus system 7 in the individual building floors 1 to n and in the area of the exhaust air fan 6 in the roof area of the building.

Finally, the exemplary embodiment is also characterized by the main electrical supply line 26 , a separate electrical meter 24 and further components of the ventilation system.

Embodiment 5

According to FIG. 3 to FIG. 7 allocation variants are the control units 1.1 listed in FIGS. 1 and 2. . . 1. n to the exhaust air valves 2.1 . . . 2. n, the switches 3.1 . . . 3. n and the sensors 4.1 . . . 4. n shown.

Depending on the application, the control unit 1.1 . . . 1. n directly in the exhaust valve 2.1 . . . 2. n be integrated or it is in the housing of the switch 3.1 . . . 3. n or the sensors 4.1 . . . 4. n arranged if these are spatially separated from each other.

It is also possible to use the control unit 1.1 . . . 1. n to be arranged in a separate housing.

Furthermore, in order to save costs and to design the system effectively, it is possible for the central control unit 1.1 . . . 1. n several exhaust air valves arranged spatially close to one another 2.1 . . . 2. n, switch 3.1 . . . 3. n and / or sensors 4.1 . . . 4. assign n, as can be seen from FIG. 7.

Reference list

1.1

. . .

1.

n Control unit with BUS connection

2.1

. . .

2nd

n Exhaust valve

3.1

. . .

3rd

n switch

4.1

. . .

4th

n sensors

5

Speed controller

6

Exhaust fan

7

Control line bus system

8th

Power supply

9

Timing

10th

Computer interface

11

Clock

12th

Telecommunication interface

13

central exhaust duct

14

Control unit for speed controller

15

Smoke / fire detectors

16

Temperature sensor

17th

Pressure sensor

18th

System coupling point

19th

BUS coupler

20th

Mains connection for fan motor

21

Connection of additional ventilation lines

22

Power line bus system

23

Media coupler

24th

Electric meter

25th

Band stop

26

Main electrical lead

Claims (16)

1. Method for controlling building ventilation systems by the interaction of a central speed-adjustable fan, controllable exhaust air valves on the rooms to be ventilated, sensors for detecting ventilation requirements and control devices characterized in that
that the information about the existence of events leading to ventilation requirements is transmitted directly to the control of the respective exhaust valve,
that the opening of the respective exhaust air valve is brought about by the response of at least one sensor which signals the ventilation requirement,
that a bus system is used for the transmission of status and control information and
that the speed control of the central exhaust air fan is effected as a function of the number of open exhaust air valves assigned to it and signaled via the bus system. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the to Events leading ventilation requirements through manually operated and / or temperature, humidity, pressure or movement registering sensors are detected or triggered by the time. 3. Process according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the control of the speed controller with the bus system in Connection is established and essentially depending on the time of day and on the number of open exhaust valves as well as system and environmental fixed and variable correction factors Receives control information.   4. The method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that all information required to operate the building ventilation system of the interacting components via a common bus system be transmitted. 5. The method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the information about the events leading to the ventilation requirement and their linkage for the control of the central exhaust fan and / or the exhaust air valves are freely programmable. 6. The method according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each component connected to a common bus system at least one unique address is assigned. 7. Method for controlling building ventilation systems by the interaction of a central speed-controllable fan, controllable exhaust air valves on the rooms to be ventilated, sensors for detecting ventilation requirements and control devices characterized in that
that the information about the existence of events leading to ventilation requirements is transmitted directly to the control of the respective exhaust valve,
that the opening of the respective exhaust valve is effected by the response of at least one sensor signaling the ventilation requirement and
that the speed control of the central exhaust fan takes place depending on the number of open exhaust valves assigned to it. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the to Events leading ventilation requirements through manually operated and / or temperature, humidity, pressure or movement registering sensors can be detected.   9. The method according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the control of the speed controller with a higher-level System component is related and essentially in Depends on the time of day and the number of open ones Exhaust valves as well as system and environmental fixed and variable correction factors receives control information. 10. Device for carrying out the method for controlling building ventilation systems, consisting of a speed-controlled exhaust air fan, at least two controllable exhaust air valves, sensors for detecting events leading to ventilation requirements and control devices, characterized in that
that the (.. 1.1. 1 n) (.. 2.1. 2. n) (.. 2.1. 2 n) control unit of the controllable exhaust valves directly at the respective exhaust valve is arranged and signaling with the leading to ventilation requirements events switches (3.1 .. 3. n) and sensors ( 4.1... 4. n) are connected,
that a bus system ( 7 , 22 ) is arranged between the controllable exhaust air valves ( 2.1 ... 2. n) and the controlled speed controller ( 5 ) for the central exhaust air fan ( 6 ),
that a separate control unit ( 14 ) is arranged on the speed controller ( 5 ) and
that additional components for the voltage supply ( 8 ), for the provision of the time ( 11 ) and for the detection of the operating state of the device on the bus system ( 7 , 22 ) are arranged. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the controllable exhaust valve ( 2.1 ... 2. n) is equipped with an opening and closing effecting self-locking electrically operated drive. 12. Device according to claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the sensors which signal the events leading to ventilation requirements ( 4.1... 4. n) are integrated directly in the respective exhaust air valve ( 2.1 ... 2. n). 13. Device according to claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the control units ( 1.1 ... 1. n) of the exhaust air valves ( 2.1 ... 2. n) are independently and freely programmable for the individual needs. 14. Device according to claims 10 to 13, characterized in that a plurality of spatially arranged exhaust valves ( 2.1 ... 2. n), switches ( 3.1... 3. n) and sensors ( 4.1... 4. n ) are connected to a control unit ( 1.1... 1. n). 15. Device according to claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the speed controller ( 5 ) is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the central exhaust fan ( 6 ). 16. Device according to claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the bus system ( 7 , 22 ) is connected to a telecommunications interface ( 12 ).