DE19803045A1 - Fixing and bonding of thermoplastic covering and sealing sections to each other and to solid background - Google Patents

Abstract

The covering and/or sealing structure, e.g. a panel, is held by fastening components (4), the adjacent regions held by covering and/or sealing sheets of thermoplastic (3). It is secured by disc, band, strip or rail-like fastening (9) sections of thermoplastic in set regions. Electrically-conductive metallic particles (8) are present. These are heated inductively to the melting temperature of the surface, forming connections between overlapping or layered regions and if appropriate with surfaces of fastening sections. An Independent claim is included for the corresponding method of making the attachment. Preferred features: For edge fastening of two overlapping sections, one or both has a strip of thermoplastic including metallic particles. Further alternatives based on these principles are described. The metallic particles are e.g. powder, cuttings, wires, strips, fibers or spheres integrated in the various sections to be joined. Particles may be laid evenly over the entire area or concentrated where required. Particles of the same, or different sizes or shape are integrated in the sections.

Description

The invention relates to an arrangement and a method for the mutual fastening of tape, strip or plate-shaped cover and / or sealing sheets made of thermoplastic plastics or similar thermoplastic material or for mechanical fastening such cover and / or waterproofing membranes on a solid surface.

The mutual attachment of covering and / or sealing sheets in the overlapping So far, the hem area has normally been accomplished using hot air, the two mutually facing surface areas of the webs heated by hot air nozzles, partially on melted and then pressed together, so that they firmly after cooling are connected.

It has also become known to fasten plastic parts by applying swell to firmly connect welding agents with the covering and / or sealing membranes, these fixings Stigungsteile made of plastic are held by screws on the solid surface.

Adhesive plates for flat roof sealing sheets are also known (DE-U 295 14 717), with wel Chen insulation sheets or panels are attached to the solid surface and then a protective film is removed from the top of the adhesive plate. This makes the one Cold adhesive coated adhesive plates are exposed, so that after laying the flat roof sealing a firm connection is achieved for the roofing membrane laid over it. The production of such Adhesive plate with a cold adhesive coating and the arrangement of an additional protective film is possible yet complex and extremely cost-intensive.

Various other coating compositions, which are applied to fasteners are already known, these adhesive layers by the influence of heat and / or radiation energy can be activated. If such an arrangement, for example, and / or sealing sheets is used, requires such a one-component, adhesive Be layering compound (DE-A 44 08 865) but different processing stages. Especially when used There are always problems with adhesives, since the two surfaces to be connected also corresponding pressure to be pressed together and the surface to be connected must be extremely clean and above all free of water.

The present invention has therefore set itself the task of interconnecting Ab Covering and / or sealing sheets or, if necessary, additional fastening parts made of art  simplify material in an arrangement and a method of the type mentioned and above all to make it safer.

This is achieved according to the invention in that the covering and / or sealing sheets or little least one of the overlapping areas of two covering and / or sealing sheets or strip-shaped sections to be inserted between overlapping regions or between adjacent plate, band, strip or rail-like fasteners and adjacent Be range from covering and / or sealing sheets that can be used in the form of strips or sheets cuts made of thermoplastic material or plate, band, strip or rail-like bees Reinforcement parts made of thermoplastic material in certain areas or over their entire cross cut electrically conductive metallic particles, wherein the metallic particles by in ductile heating to the melting temperature of the surfaces of the covering and / or sealing tion tracks or the fastening parts made of plastic and the overlapping one another or areas adjacent to each other and possibly with the surface of the adjacent Fastening parts are connectable.

Furthermore, a method is proposed to achieve the object of the invention, which there is characterized in that in certain areas or over their entire cross-section elek tric conductive metallic particles covering and / or sealing sheets or between mutually overlapping areas to be inserted strip-shaped sections or between adjacent beard plate, tape, strip or rail-like fasteners and neighboring areas strip-shaped or flat sections that can be used from covering and / or sealing sheets thermoplastic material or plate, band, strip or rail-like fasteners Made of thermoplastic material by induction heating to the melting temperature of the upper surfaces of the cover and / or sealing sheets or the fastening parts made of plastic heated and the areas that overlap or abut each other and ge if necessary, be connected to the surface of the attached fasteners.

The arrangement and the method according to the invention make this possible created the surfaces to be joined together without the interposition of additional To bond adhesives directly together, d. H. the same materials are created solely by their being heating to the melting temperature directly on their abutting surfaces connected to each other and directly.

Regardless of whether this is the sheets themselves, strips to be used or appropriate fasteners are made of thermoplastic material, it is always the same handling ge give, even if only electrically conductive metallic particles are embedded. The necessary Ela Sticity and adaptability of the sheets or the necessary stiffness of fasteners supply elements is in no way influenced by the measures according to the invention. By the be  special training is only an additional and effective measure created to mutually facing surfaces of cover sheets, fasteners, etc. by a simple to be able to combine inductive heating.

An embodiment variant provides that two overlapping one another for fastening the hem Covering and / or sealing sheets one or both edge region (s) of the sheets or one in the overlap area of insertable strips of thermoplastic material with metallic particles verse hen is or are. Accordingly, ei results for the implementation of the measures according to the invention a multitude of possibilities. Even in the manufacture of cover and / or waterproofing membranes given the possibility of metallic particles in their edge area or on both edge areas to use. Since there is also the option of inserting a strip, you can also use up to ago already manufactured webs are used for the purpose according to the invention because the indukti ve can be heated by a strip in between. It is also with a sol Chen strips a uniform choice of materials available, since both the cover and / or sealing lanes that overlap each other, as well as the inserted strip of thermoplastic Material are made.

Another possibility is seen in the fact that for a hem fastening of cover and / or Sealing sheets a rail between two at least at their edge area with metallic Particle-provided covering and / or sealing sheets or on one or both sides of the rail strip-shaped section made of thermoplastic material provided with metallic particles is inserted. The rail serving as a fastening element can be made of metal, but also of art fabric exist because these are only for fastening the one edge area of the cover and / or Ab geomembrane on the solid surface. The border area to be placed above the next one Covering and / or sealing membrane is then over at one or both edge areas of the Sheets of metallic particles used or just by inserted strips with inserted metallic particles and connected by inductive heating.

It is within the scope of the invention, especially if a type of field fastening is to be provided also possible that at a distance for fastening cover and / or sealing sheets Large-area metal washers provided from the edge areas of which are strip-shaped or flat sections made of thermoplastic material interspersed with metallic particles are hung up. Inductive heating of these sections results in a connection with both large washer underneath as well as with the covering and / or overlying Waterproofing membrane.

In this context, it is also conceivable that the Ab on the washers cuts plate-like the size of the same and firmly connected to them. The before Manufactured sections can thus be fixed and therefore cannot be lost with the washer  ben be connected from metal so that it is for connection to the overlying cover and / or Sealing membrane only needs melting on the top of these sections in order to melt the material of the overlying covering and / or sealing membrane accordingly.

The simplest and most effective embodiment is that the sections on the underlay disks as strip-shaped sections of areas of Ab provided with metallic particles cover and / or sealing sheets are executed. In this case, there is always the guarantee exactly the same materials can be firmly connected to each other in an optimal way.

In another embodiment variant it is proposed that at least one on the top Large plastic washer, on which a cover and / or seal can be applied, metallic particles are integrated or a strip or flat Section of thermoplastic material provided with metallic particles is placed. On this way, an optimal connection between the covering and / or sealing sheets and underlying plastic fasteners can be achieved, because the necessary induc Active heating can only be achieved by arranging the metallic particles on the washer itself or through sections.

In this context, there is also the possibility that the top of one made of art fabric-made large-area washer with a tubular extension for telescopic Recording a fastener is provided with metallic particles or a streak on the top fen-shaped or flat section made of a thermoplastic provided with metallic particles is placed on the material.

In the context of the invention it is also possible for the metallic particles to be powder, chip, wire, strip, thread, spherical or the like are executed and in the thermoplastic material the covering and / or sealing membrane or the strip-shaped or flat sections inte are free. So there are any kind of arrangement of the metallic particles and possibly one Adaptation to the circumstances in certain applications possible.

Especially in connection with this, it can also be provided that Ab cover and / or waterproofing membrane or the strip-shaped section evenly or consciously distributed and partially concentrated metallic particles are provided. If e.g. B. sections egg ne more warming is desired, but in other sections less heating enough, this can be done by varying the number and thus the density of the intended metallic Particles take place.

Possibilities of variation for the arrangement according to the invention and the method according to the invention arise even if over the entire covering and / or sealing membrane or over partial areas  reach the same or metallic particles over the strip-shaped or flat sections cher or different size or shape are integrated. An adaptation to different uses Possibilities cannot only be created by simply adding the number of set metallic particles is varied, but additionally or exclusively with different large metallic particles or with metallic particles of different shapes.

Further features according to the invention and special advantages are described in the following Exercise explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Show it:

FIG. 1 is a section through a flat roof structure in the region of a mechanical fastener in the hem;

. Figs. 2 to 4 different variants of the arrangement according to the invention in Überlappungsbe rich between two covering and / or sealing strips;

Fig. 5 shows a section through a portion of a flat roof structure with a mechanical fastening, wherein here a rail provided along the hem serves as a fastening element;

Fig. 6 is a plan view of this mounting variant, the individual portions shown in cut Various NEN areas;

Fig. 7 is a variant embodiment for fixing a field with distance from the Überlappungsrän countries of the covering and / or sealing strips;

. Fig. 8 to Fig 10, three embodiments of large-area washers with corresponding to the extension for telescopically receiving a fastener head;

Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 sections through a strip-shaped section or through a portion of a cover and / or sealing sheet, the metallic particles being present in a special arrangement.

In the description below, the invention is explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments purifies, ge instead of the term cover and / or sealing sheets only of sheets is spoken. In the examples, particular reference is made to the sheets used in the flat roof area received, but the measures described can equally be used anywhere are where in some way covering and / or sealing sheets against each other or opposite should be attached to a solid surface. So are the arrangement according to the invention and that  Process in the same way in other areas of civil engineering and in particular in Tunnel construction, where the tunnel tubes have to be lined with waterproofing membranes, can be used.

Sheets for the purposes mentioned are usually made of thermoplastic or the like chem thermoplastic material, which, depending on the application, has a corresponding strength and Brings tightness with it, manufactured. In the case of special sheeting, reinforcements, e.g. B. by Glass fibers or inlaid fabrics.

Due to the embodiment of Fig. 1 it can be seen that an insulating layer 2 in the form of sheets or plates is applied to a flat roof structure on a fe most underground 1 made of metal or, for example, concrete. Sheets 3 are placed on this insulating layer 2 , which overlap accordingly in their edge regions, the overlapping edge regions having to be connected to one another. Usually this connection is made by using hot air, namely by heating the facing surfaces in the hem area and then pressing them together. For the time being, the bottom sheet 3 is attached, a fastener 4 being used in this hem area in connection with a large-area washer 5 . The screw head 6 is sunk in a truncated cone-shaped recess of the washer 5 , so that the subsequently laid web 3 can not be damaged by the head 6 of the fastener 4 .

In the case of a hem fastening as shown in FIG. 1, the mutually overlapping edges of the webs 3 are connected to one another at the immediate edge of the overlapping web or additionally also at the immediate edge of the web below. It is therefore conceivable to firmly connect the two overlapping tracks on one or both sides of the large-area washer 5 in strips.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the present invention results in several possibilities for achieving the mutual connection of the webs in the overlap area. In the embodiment of Fig. 2 it can be seen that the paths 3 made entirely from thermoplastic material and are present in said thermoplastic material entirely metallic particles 7. Of course, this is a complex arrangement, because the metal particles are only needed in the overlapping edge areas. But it is quite conceivable to use these provided in the Bah NEN metal particles 7 for other purposes, such. B. in the passage of ventilation shafts, ventilation pipes or the like. In such a case, a correspondingly tight connection can be created on the spot with the cover parts, where melting and thus a mutual connection of different parts can also take place here under the influence of inductive heating.

In the embodiment according Fig. 3 it can be seen that the tracks comprise 3 substantially in their overlap area penden edge portion metal particles 7. For the mutual connection of the webs, an arrangement of the metallic particles 7 is required only in these edge regions.

The embodiment according to FIG. 4 shows that no metallic particles are used in the material of the webs 3 , but a strip-shaped section 8 is provided in which the metallic particles 7 are present. This strip-shaped section 8 is also advantageously made of a thermoplastic material and expediently even made of the same thermoplastic material as the webs 3 itself, so that the same materials are firmly bonded to one another after induction heating via the metallic particles 7 used after melting of the abutting surfaces are connected. Especially with an arrangement as shown in Fig. 4, it is also possible to provide narrow strip-shaped sections 8 only at the two immediate ends of the overlapping edges of the webs 3 . It is also possible, as was previously the case with a welding process with hot air, to provide a strip-shaped section 8 only at the outermost edge of the above-lying web 3 in order to achieve the firm connection of the two webs to one another there.

The embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6 provides for mechanical fastening by a rail 9 with corresponding screws 4 in the overlapping area of the two webs 3 . In this arrangement, a strip-shaped section 8 is also provided, which is placed in the form of the rail 9 over the mechanical fastening. Here, the mutually overlapping webs are fastened on both sides of the rail 9 and to a certain extent also between the rail 9 and the edge region of the web 3 lying above. Even with such an arrangement, it is conceivable to insert a narrow strip-shaped section 8 only on one side or on both sides of the rail 9 and thereby bind the webs 3 on one or both sides of the rail 9 to one another. Of course, in this case, an embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3 can also be used.

The arrangement and method according to the invention are also particularly suitable for field fastening, ie if the webs 3 are to be fastened at a distance from their hem region. Then - as shown in Fig. 1 - a screw 4 with a screw head 6 and egg ner large washer 5 can be used, but in this case only the screw with the washer 5 is used for the time being. Then the placed web 3 is to be attached to the upper side of the large washer 5 without the web 3 itself being damaged. For this purpose, it is provided that strip-shaped or flat sections 8 of thermoplastic material, which are interspersed with metallic particles, are placed on the large-area washer 5 . Of course, here too there is the possibility of additionally providing metallic particles in the web 3 itself. Especially with such large washers 5 , the sections 8 can be plate-shaped and thus adapted to the size of the washers 5 who the. It is also possible to firmly connect the sections 8 to the washers 5 beforehand, for example by gluing, so that the sections 8 are placed on such a washer 5 and are also retained when the webs 3 are subsequently rolled out at the point, where they are needed.

In this context, there is the possibility that the sections 8 on the washers 5 are designed as strip-shaped sections with metallic particles, which consist of the material of the webs. It is practically strips separated from webs with metallic particles.

Further design variants are shown in FIGS. 8 to 10. In the embodiment according to FIG. 8, 13 flat sections 14 made of thermoplastic material provided with metallic particles are placed on the top of a large-area washer 13 made of plastic, so that the metallic particles melt upon induction heating of the surfaces as well as the washer 13 also effect the laid track. Washer 13 made of plastic usually have a tubular extension 15 for telescopic Aufnah me a fastener. It is in such a design of a large washer be 13 - see Fig. 9 - but also possible that the washer 13 itself has metallic particles, ie at least the plate-like part of the washer 13 is fusible by inductive heating, so that an immediate Connection between the BEFE stigungselement made of plastic and the overlying web can be made.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 10 it is provided that a, for example cylindrical recess is provided in the large-area washer 13 made of plastic, in which a metallic Parti kel-tasting disk-shaped flat portion is a set 14 of a thermoplastic material.

The metallic particles can have a wide variety of shapes, sizes and arrangements in the thermoplastic material. As explained in connection with the figures, the metallic particles are designed in powder or chip form in most cases. However, it is entirely conceivable to design the metallic particles 7 in wire, strip, thread, spherical or the like and to integrate them in this form into the thermoplastic material of a web or a strip-like or flat section 8 or 14 . Especially when embodied as wire, strip or thread-like metallic particles - as can be seen in particular in FIGS . 11 and 12 - an arrangement in the transverse or in the longitudinal direction of a strip-shaped section 8 is possible.

There are also possible variations with the arrangement, ie with an even or deliberately distributed or partially concentrated arrangement of metallic particles 7 . There is thus the possibility of providing the metallic particles 7 over the entire web or over partial areas of the same or a strip-shaped or flat section in the same or in a different size and in the same or a different shape.

The arrangement and method according to the invention can be used practically in all areas for the fastening of tape, strip or plate-shaped cover and / or sealing sheets. Regardless of whether the metallic particles are now integrated in the webs themselves, in strip-shaped or flat sections 8 or 14 or in the fastening parts themselves, there is always a direct and direct mutual fusion of the areas lying against one another, this fusion solely by one inductive heating of the metallic particles used is achieved. Likewise, there is always a mutual connection of thermoplastic plastics or similar thermoplastic materials directly and directly with one another, without additional adhesives having to be integrated.

Claims (12)

1. Arrangement for the mutual attachment of tape, strip or plate-shaped cover and / or sealing sheets made of thermoplastic materials or similar thermoplastic material or for mechanical attachment of such covering and / or sealing sheets on a solid surface, characterized in that that the covering and / or sealing sheets ( 3 ) or at least one of the overlapping areas of two cover and / or sealing sheets ( 3 ) or between overlapping areas to be inserted strip-shaped sections ( 8 ) or between adjacent plates, tapes, Strip or rail-like fastening parts ( 5 , 9 , 13 ) and adjacent areas of covering and / or sealing sheets ( 3 ) insertable strip-shaped or flat sections ( 8 , 14 ) made of thermoplastic material or plate, band, strip-shaped or rail-like fastening parts le ( 9 , 13 ) made of thermoplastic material in bes have timmten areas or electrically conductive over its entire cross-section metal particles (7), wherein the metallic Parti angle (7) by inductive heating to the fusing temperature of the surfaces of the covering and / or sealing strips (3) or the fastening parts (9, 13 ) heatable from plastic and the overlapping or adjacent areas can be connected to each other and, if necessary, to the surface of the adjacent fastening parts ( 5 , 9 , 13 ). 2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that for a seam fastening two overlapping covering and / or sealing sheets ( 3 ) one or both fland area (s) of the sheets ( 3 ) or a strip ( 8 ) made of thermoplastic insertable in the overlapping area Material is provided with metallic particles ( 7 ). 3. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that for a hem fastening from cover and / or sealing sheets ( 3 ) a rail ( 9 ) between two at least at its edge region with metallic particles ( 7 ) provided covering and / or sealing sheets ( 3 ) or on one or both sides of the rail ( 9 ) a strip-shaped section ( 8 ) made of thermoplastic plastic is provided with metallic particles ( 7 ). 4. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that provided for attachment of From cover and / or sealing sheets ( 3 ) at a distance from the edge regions large washers ( 5 ) made of metal strip-shaped or flat sections ( 8 ) with metallic particles ( 7 ) interspersed thermoplastic material. 5. Arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that on the washers ( 5 ) on layable sections ( 8 ) plate-like the size of the same and firmly connected to them. 6. Arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the sections ( 8 ) on the washers ( 5 ) as strip-shaped sections ( 8 ) provided with metallic particles ( 7 ) Be rich of cover and / or sealing sheets ( 3 ) are. 7. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that at least on the top of a plastic washer ( 13 ) on which a cover and / or sealing sheet ( 3 ) can be placed, metallic particles ( 7 ) are integrated or a stripe-shaped at least ger or flat section ( 8 ) made of metallic particles ( 7 ) provided with thermoplastic material. 8. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the top of a plastic washer ( 13 ) with a tubular extension ( 15 ) for telescopically receiving a fastener with metallic particles ( 7 ) is provided or on the top a strip-shaped or flat section ( 14 ) made of a metallic particle ( 7 ) provided thermoplastic material. 9. Arrangement according to claim 1 and / or one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the metallic particles ( 7 ) powder, chip, wire, strip, thread, spherical or the like and executed in the thermoplastic Material of the cover and / or sealing sheet ( 3 ) or the strip-shaped or flat sections ( 8 , 14 ) are integrated. 10. The arrangement according to claim 1 and / or one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that over the entire surface of the covering and / or sealing membrane ( 3 ) or the streifenför-shaped section ( 8 , 14 ) distributed evenly or deliberately and partially concentrated metallic particles ( 7 ) are provided. 11. The arrangement according to claim 1 and / or one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that metallic particles over the entire covering and / or sealing sheet ( 3 ) or over partial areas thereof or over the strip-shaped or flat sections ( 8 , 14 ) ( 7 ) the same or different sizes or shapes are integrated. 12. A method for the mutual fastening of tape, strip or plate-shaped cover and / or sealing sheets made of thermoplastic materials or similar thermoplastic material or for the mechanical attachment of such cover and / or sealing sheets to a solid surface, characterized in that that in certain areas or over their entire cross-section electrically conductive metallic particles ( 7 ) having covering and / or sealing sheets ( 3 ) or between overlapping areas an increasing strip-shaped sections ( 8 ) or between adjacent plates, strips or strips rail-like fastening parts ( 5 , 9 , 13 ) and adjacent areas of covering and / or sealing sheets ( 3 ) insertable strip-shaped or flat sections ( 8 , 14 ) made of thermoplastic material or plate, band, strip-shaped or rail-like fastening parts ( 9 , 13 ) made of thermoplastic material by inductive heating to the melting temperature of the surfaces of the covering and / or sealing sheets ( 3 ) or the fastening parts ( 9 , 13 ) of plastic and the overlapping or adjacent areas with each other and possibly with the surface of the attached fasteners are connected.