DE1975743U - DOUBLE COMPOSITE PAVING STONE IN DOUBLE FORMAT. - Google Patents

Description

DIPL.-PHYS. Dr.RER.NAT. JÜRGEN SCHIRDEWAHN

PATENT ADVOCATE

8 MUNICH 55 AICHACHEK. STRASSE 36 TELEPHONE (0811) 743355 TELEGRAMS: STRUCTURAL PATENT MUNICH

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description

to the utility model application

WEEEER ZAPP
in front of Adam Zapf
Bayreuth

concerning
Double composite paving stone in! Double format «

The invention relates to a double composite paving stone in double format, in which both the parallel longitudinal edges and the roughly half as long transverse edges parallel to one another each have a sinusoidal curve with approximately the same period and for all four edges Amplitude follow, with the center lines of the sine curves forming a rectangle and the sine curves at the longitudinal edges have double and single yoll period lengths at the transverse edges and one turning point at each of the four the corners corresponding to the sine curves meet at right angles.

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Composite paving stones are different from normal ones Paving stones in which the side surfaces run so straight that stones that are joined to one another are aligned lengthways the edges can move relative to each other, in that they are formed with a lateral toothing, which prevents such a relative displacement of stones that are joined together. Most of the time the gearing consists of mutually complementary projections and bays; occasionally the side edge of the stone is also simply inclined.

A distinction is made between single-compound paving stones and double-compound paving stones.

In the case of single-composite paving stones, the interlocking is only on two interlocking side surfaces of the Stone provided, while the other two side surfaces are designed to be displaceable relative to one another. Such stones are sufficient if a damaging load on the stone association essentially only in one Grouting direction is to be expected. For example, when a road is paved, the stones support themselves in Road direction anyway because of their practically infinite arrangement against each other in such a way that a shift is impossible is; then you only need a toothing

across the street, around the pavement of the street to prevent evasive action towards the roadsides.

In the case of double-bonded paving stones, the interlocking is provided on all four sides of the paving stone, so that the stones in the stone association can be displaced relative to one another neither in the longitudinal nor in the transverse direction are. A typical example of a double composite paving stone is the cross-shaped paving stone of the German patent 514-828. The mosaic-like laying These stones in the stone bond, which differ considerably from the usual rectangular shape, are relatively expensive.

The double-bonded paving stones of the aforementioned German patent 514-828 are stones in simple format, i.e. stones with all four sides of about the same length. A stone in double format you win from a stone in a simple format by placing two stones in a simple format next to each other. Through this even with a single composite paving stone, a relatively non-shifting stone bond can be achieved, by moving the stones in the longitudinal direction corresponding to the double format by the length of the single format.

-staggered to each other. Such a stone association of a single composite paving stone in double format is shown in French patent 1,337,684-.

With great loads in changing directions, e.g. on airfields, heavily loaded by vehicles Courtyard paving and garage entrances and in all applications where the movement of stones in Double format no longer provides sufficient support relative to one another, e.g. when there is a heavy load in the Edge area of stone associations, but you also need double-bonded stones for paving stones in double format, where a third toothing is provided on all four sides.

There are a number of known such double-composite paving stones in double format. So are Such stones according to the German patent 812 675 »DAS 1 116 696 and the German utility model 1 917 842 roughly shaped like a dog's bone. These stones are due to their cross-sectional weakening in the longitudinal direction fragile. Other known double composite paving stones in double format according to German Patent 960 359 have approximately the same cross-section in the longitudinal direction, however, cannot be used in the same

but rather the stones of adjacent ones Rows must be rotated by 180 ° against each other so that they fit together. Same The modified embodiments according to German utility model 1,898,954 have a disadvantage and the known Dutch patent application 6 501 14-5 · Also the curved stones according to the German utility model 1 858 336 show at misalignment the same disadvantage in the stone bond. The same applies accordingly for the similar stones according to the German utility model 1 811 084.

Now there are already double-bonded paving stones in double format, which when laid in a stone bond with stone offset in the longitudinal direction neither by 180 ° be reoriented must still have noticeable cross-sectional constrictions o

First of all, this includes the stone provided with straight, inclined zigzag contours according to the German utility model 1 917 843. At this stone is the length of each serrated flank of the single-format half of the stone on all stone sides the same length and the two single format halves are joined in the same orientation so that at the transition of the two halves there is a connection of the serrated

flanks to double the length. In this arrangement, the two planks of the prongs are different strongly inclined.

This also includes the stones of the type mentioned at the outset, from which the invention is based and which are based on U.S. Patents 888 530 (Fig. 5) »1,796,973 and 1 969 729 are known. A similar stone in a single format with double the period length on all four sides is also known from German Patent 1,116,695. It is in the case of stones of the type to which the invention relates, it is also known to additionally provide vertical teeth, in order to prevent a stone from being lifted out of the bond in the case of stones laid in a stone bond. For this you can build the stone on two levels and, if necessary, provide both floors with a sine contour, whereby the sinus contours of the two floors are offset from one another by half a period length.

For technical reasons, a curved sine contour is disadvantageous, and it is therefore already known instead of a sinusoidal, curved contour to provide a contour in which both the longitudinal edges as The transverse edges also follow the sine curves as a straight approach contour that forms protrusions and bays, as it was for the curved stones of the above

mentioned German utility model 1 858 356 (according to Claim 1 and the even-numbered figures) is provided. The maxima and minima are sine-like Contour approximated by straight lines running parallel and obliquely to the laying direction. This creates Right angles at the corners with flanks pointing parallel and at right angles to the laying direction. In A straight-line approximation is similar in the case of double-bonded paving stones with a sinusoidal boundary line made according to Belgian patent 564-917, However, the corners, which are also right-angled, are oriented at an angle to the direction of the jointing.

The invention is based on the object of providing a double-composite paving stone in a double format with a straight line To create a contour that, on the one hand, meets the requirements already mentioned above, such as an approximate rectangular shape, Cross-section that is constant over the length, resistance to breakage and easy to lay, and on the other hand can be laid in the most diverse pattern possible with a single stone shape.

To solve this problem, according to the invention, the sinus contours of the double composite paving stones Type mentioned at the beginning straightened by the double composite paving stone according to the invention in the per se

known way, both the longitudinal edges and the transverse edges follow the sine curves as straight, projections and bays "forming approximation contour that follows the Corners include right angles. The requirements of the stated task are thereby determined by selection a certain approach contour is met, the respective successive turning points, maxima and minima of the Connects sine curves through straight straight lines running obliquely to the rectangle of the sine center lines «

In the paving stone according to the invention, the Yorteil of the paving stone type is initially retained that the contour does not contain any lines parallel to the laying direction, but that the entire contour contributes to the stone association _o This allows relatively small angles of inclination compared to the rectangular basic format absorb relatively large displacement forces. All inclined contour lines are also at the same angle compared to the rectangular basic format, if one disregards the angular polarity.

No further explanation is required that the paving stones according to the invention are all known Requirements for double-bonded paving stones in double format fulfill. In addition, the stones give completely new stone associations, if you use them according to another Knowledge of the invention also used in such a way that

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the top of one stone the bottom of the neighboring one Stone corresponds. For example, inclined stone bonds are possible, as can be seen e.g. in can use inclined gate entrances. With this relatively turned stone grouting, there are the following: Alternative solutions that can be used in different applications: The neighboring ones that are turned relative to one another Stones are with relative displacement on the transverse edges or with relative displacement on the Long edges joined together, depending on the offset around a quarter or three quarters of the stone length a small or a very large, seldom used bevel angle of the stone bond comes about, or the transverse edge of one stone becomes dislocated added to the long edge of the other stone.

When the paving stones according to the invention for one of the said associations are turned relative to one another are used, one flat side occurs once and the other flat side as a load surface on. It is therefore advantageous if both sides of the paving stone according to the invention are made of hard concrete are trained. If not for weight reasons, another embodiment with a softer intermediate core is chosen, the paving stone according to the invention is preferably made uniformly from hard concrete, whereby a particularly good load capacity is also achieved.

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In a known manner, the edges of both sides of the roof be broken. However, an embodiment is preferred in which only the edges of a Flat side are broken, since you can then optically and also through the sense of touch particularly easily between a "top" and a "bottom" of the stone according to the invention can distinguish and for example by feeling the stone can determine which stones are turned relative to one another Pairs of stones are to be put together o

The invention also relates to combined paving stones, in which two or more stones according to of the invention, when turned relative to one another, are assembled according to one of the aforementioned types of composite.

Even with paving stones according to the invention, an additional vertical toothing is through in the vertical direction different contours possible. However, such a vertical toothing is preferably dispensed with; if namely vertical palms of the stone are provided, the result is a much easier laying. For technical reasons too, there is an additional Vertical toothing only provided in exceptional cases «

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To ensure that there is still a sufficient installation joint between the stones of the stone compound, after the invention be provided that the period length of the transverse side is slightly shorter than that of the long side.

The invention is illustrated more schematically below with reference to the hand Drawings of several exemplary embodiments explained in more detail. Show it:

Pig. 1 is a top view of a double composite paving stone in double format according to the invention and

Pig. 2 shows a side view of the long side of the paving stone according to FIG. 1 and

3 to 8 different stone associations according to the invention with the paving stone according to Iig. 1 and 2. From the Pig. 3 to 8 there are also different possibilities for the construction of a combined paving stone, the one made of cobblestones according to the Pig. 1 and 2 is put together in advance "

In Pig. 1 is first shown in dashed lines at 10, the rectangular basic format of the double composite paving stone according to of the invention drawn. The also dashed center line 12 denotes the line on the two sections with single format to double format are connected to each other. The single format sections are

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almost square with side length 4a or 4a ¹ . 4a ¹ is slightly shorter than 4a for reasons of relocation. The entire double-format basic format thus has the side length 8a on the long side and 4a ¹ on the transverse side.

The dash-dotted line 14 is the sine contour the generic paving stones, which is straightened according to the invention in a special way. The sine contour 14 is only drawn over half of the long side of the paving stone according to the invention, but it is to think about all sides supplements. It is essential that each transverse side has a full period (360 °) of the sine line and two full periods of the sine line are assigned to each longitudinal side, with the corners of the rectangular In the basic format, the inflection points of the sine curve lie, i.e. points of the phase 0 ° (or 360 °) or 180 °. In the Embodiment according to FIG. 1, the sine line begins in each case with the phase 0 ° if the boundary line is used as the abscissa of the rectangular basic format in the direction from left to right or from top to bottom and sets the zero point in each case in the left or upper corner. Correspondingly, the corner point 16 is at the top right at the end of a double full period with the phase 720 °, if one counts from the corner 18 at the top left. the The intersection of the center line 12 of the dashed contour 10 of the rectangular basic format is then at the Phase 360 °, where the drawn sinusoidal curve 14 begins.

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In this construction, the sinus lines of the longitudinal edges and the transverse edges abut at the corners at right angles to each other.

The drawn sine line 14 has points of inflection at the right corner 16 as well as at the points 20 and 22 at intervals of half a period from the corners. The maxima 24 and minima 26 of the sine function lie in the middle between the turning points. The amplitude of the sine function is b. It can be seen that the sine function has the quarter period a on the long sides and the quarter period a ¹ on the transverse sides.

According to the invention, the turning points are now connected to the adjacent maxima and minima by straight lines, so that the typical contour 28 of the paving stone according to the invention is created, which in turn forms right angles at the corners and is initially in each case in the counting method explained at each corner continues to two maxima or two minima on the longitudinal and transverse edge and then continues through the next turning point in a straight line to the next minimum or maximum with twice the length. It can be seen that with this construction the helix angle & or -Of always has the same absolute value compared to the rectangular basic contour 10.

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How to Get Better in Pig. 2 can be seen, is the upper edge 30 of the stone by a 45 ° bevel 32 is set back with respect to the outer contour 28, while the lower edge 34 is not beveled and therefore according to FIG the outer contour 28 runs.

The Pig. 3 and 4 now initially show two types of conventional laying options for the stone according to FIGS. 1 and 2, which are typical of the double format character. The Pig shows. 4 the usual offset of the double format stones laid in rows by half the length, i.e. by the length 4a of the single format. In Pig. 3, on the other hand, neighboring stones are laid partly in the longitudinal and partly in the transverse direction, with two transverse sides 4a ¹ , for example, again joining a full longitudinal side 8a. The slight difference in length is compensated for by the width of the hole.

! Typical of the stone bandages according to the Pig. 3 and is that the associations are rectangular in character, and that only touches of two stones of the single or (Figo 3) occasionally also double the single format length happen. All stones keep the ones in Pig. 1 given position, apart from the fact that she is in Pig. be laid partially from top to bottom instead of from left to right.

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For the invention, however, the stone dressings are typical according to FIGS. 5 to 8.

In these associations the stones are through, a marked one V identified, which are turned around in relation to the position shown in FIG. 1 so that now the bottom becomes the top. It should be noted that basically the stones according to FIG. 1 and the stones designated as turned V are functionally equivalent and are merely themselves differ in that the full period of the sine function at the stone corners is not 0 °, 360 ° or 720 °, but with a phase position of 180 ° modulo 360 °. It should be emphasized once again that the stones W are not are separately shaped stones, but simply the stones according to FIG Top and bottom, are.

Fig. 5 initially shows a stone association, in which the stones not specifically designated in the position according to Fig. 1 and the turned stones W on the transverse sides are offset from each other, with an offset by half the length of the transverse side or half the single format length 2a 'takes place. This type of laying represents a welcome addition to the laying type offset at the longitudinal edges according to FIG. 4 represent.

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A welcome addition to the laying method according to FIG. 3 is the stone association according to the invention Pig. 8, where now for the first time the joint 40 of two in one direction (from top to bottom) laid stones W through the offset transverse side 42 of the adjacent stone is covered · Here, too, an offset by half a simple ο rmat length is typical.

Typical oblique casts according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, in which the stones are arranged in succession Rows are laid in the manner of Fig. 4, but each of the next row has stones opposite the stones in the adjacent row have been turned over «There is an offset by half the single format length 2a on the right in FIG. 6 or one and a half times the simple format length 6a on the right in FIG. 7 is typical. This will turn right in FIG. 6 shows a slightly inclined boundary line of the stone bond or, on the right in FIG. 7, a strongly inclined boundary line of the stone association possible. It should be noted that on the left side in FIG. 7 a slightly inclined and on the left-hand side in FIG. 6 a strongly sloping boundary line can be built up.

If the edge of individual stone associations is to be straight, then additional edge stones are placed in the usual way one that differs from the stones according to FIG. 1 by the required half,

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One or one-and-a-half -simple ο rmat length differentiate and that on the edge side according to the rectangular basic format 10 are formed without composite teeth, but straight.

Protection claims

Dr.S / Ar.

Claims (10)

[m.t.r.i.tJürJenTchÜdewahn Γ. Ä. 5 O 6 O 6 ^ * "1 * 9. 67 J / j Munich 55 1 ζ [D iq?, 7 Alchacher Strasse 3« - 18 - w 'claims for protection 1. Double composite paving stone in double format, "in which both the parallel longitudinal edges and the roughly long» parallel edges Transverse edges each follow a sine curve with approximately the same period and amplitude for all four edges, The center lines of the sinusoids form a rectangle and the sinusoids double on the longitudinal edges and single full period length at the transverse edges own and at the four each a turning point the corners corresponding to the sine curves meet at right angles, characterized in that that in a known manner both the longitudinal edges as well as the transverse edges of the sine curves (14) as a straight approach contour that forms projections and bays (28), which includes right angles at the corners (16, 18), and that this contour (28) has successive turning points (18, 20, 22, 16), maxima (24) and minima (26) of the sine curves by continuous straight lines running at an angle to the rectangle of the sine center lines. 2. Double composite paving stone according to claim 1, thereby g e k e η η ζ ei chnet that his two Flat sides are formed from hard concrete (Fig. 2). 3. Double composite paving stone according to claim 2, characterized in that it is uniform is made of hard concrete (Pig. 2). 4. Double-composite paving stone according to one of claims 1 to 3 j thereby g e k e η η ζ eichnet, that the edges (30) of at least one, preferably only one, flat side are broken (Fig. 1 and 2) 5 «. Double composite paving stone according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it, optionally apart from the edges, with is formed in all heights congruent cross-section. 6. Double composite paving stone according to one of claims 1 to 5 »characterized in that the period length (4a ¹ ) of the transverse side is slightly shorter than that (4a) of the long side (Fig. 1 and 2). 7. Combined paving stone made of double composite paving stones according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized characterized in that adjacent stones are arranged facing each other and under relative displacement at the transverse edges are joined together (Fig. 5) - 20 - 8. Combined paving stone made of double-bonded paving stones st one according to one of claims 1 to 6 with the joining of adjacent stones with an offset on the longitudinal edges, characterized in that adjacent stones are turned relative to one another arranged are 0? ig. 6 and 7) 9. Combined paving stone made of double composite paving stones according to claim 8, characterized in that the adjacent stones around a Quarter of their length are offset from one another (Fig. 6). 10. Combined paving stone made of double composite paving stones according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized characterized in that adjacent stones are arranged facing each other and with the transverse edge of a stone are attached with an offset to the longitudinal edge of the other stone (Fig. 8). Dr.S / Ar.