DE19749530C2 - Method and device for processing organic waste groupage - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for processing organic waste groupage, which as an unpurified groupage in addition to biodegradable biomass - the actual organic waste - heavy parts such as sand, stones, metals, glass and gravel, as well as light parts such as pieces of film, paper and plastics , contains, with the following procedural steps:

• - The groupage is in a water-filled processing plant entered the treatment pool and in the water to a treatment slurry distributed;
• - Sinking the heavy parts, such as sand, stones, me talle, glass and gravel on the bottom of the processing basin;
• - Floating light parts, such as plastic Pieces and blocks of film, paper and rough wood pieces,
• - so that the groupage is separated into three fractions;
• Transport of the sedimented heavy substances as sludge,  d. H. along with some of the water, outside of the processing basin;
• - Mechanical removal and removal of the on the Water surface floating light parts
• - and extracting the biomass from the surrounding area ser.

Organic waste groupage falls on the installation and collection the content of so-called organic bins. Bio bins are intended to accommodate a groupage that can rot or ver is fermentable, d. H. through biodegradation processes in one largely odorless, compostable batch thrown away can be delt. However, it shows in the collection, that in the so-called organic bins not only an "ideal" Composition of a biodegradable biomass is, but different heterogeneous foreign parts, these can be roughly divided into sword parts le, such as sand, stones, metals, glass or gravel, and Light parts such as film pieces, paper and plastics. It is therefore necessary to either manually select the heterogeneous to remove parts from the organic waste groupage or but to specify mechanical processes for this, which the ma nual, very unpleasant handling with the organic waste put.

A method is known from EP 228 724 A1, in which separation of mixed waste into a heavy fraction, which consists of glass, stones, etc., and a light, or Containing ganic substances for the production of compost suitable fraction takes place. The separation takes place in a water-filled treatment basin, at the Bottom of a slope that protrudes above the water level discharge screw is arranged. That way gets only two fractions, the light Frak tion also contains fine inorganic particles with be led away to the water.  

Furthermore, DE 195 07 703 C1 is a method for separating of mixtures of substances, in which also the Separation of suspended matter is provided. About who which however creates additional currents in the water bath. The suspended particles are carried along with the flow and with a discharge device, optionally with a Ge diagonally opposite the water level webeband carried out.

In another known method (see here Roediger, process scheme for organic waste processing, ver shares on the day of the open door at the facility in Munich ster-Coerde in September 1997) is published in a so-called Suspenser the crushed amount of organic waste from Schwerstof fen and floating materials (light materials) exempt. It shows yourself that the crushed mixture of biomass and heavy and light materials in the suspension only can be divided badly because the crushed foreign bodies are mixed with the biomass. In particular represents the further carrying of sand particles with the biomass to be processed is a major problem This has the consequence that the sand in the Suspenser downstream device parts, such as Um Rolling pumps, pressure lines, valves u. the like, it is damaged and has a high potential for wear hold.

The task thus arises, a procedure for opening of organic waste in three fractions, especially reliable for the unpurified groupage can be separated from heavy parts and sand, so that the aforementioned signs of wear largely ver can be avoided.

This problem is solved in a method of a gangs mentioned type, which is characterized in that

• - one below the water level in the treatment tank  part of the area covered with cleaned biomass richer amount of water is separated,
• - the water is extracted by sieving
  and
• - removes the partially dried amount of organic waste, crushed as necessary and a fermentation and / or is subjected to the composting process.

It has been shown that the separation of foreign matter fen, especially heavy parts such as sand and stone, in the wet process can be significantly improved if one such downstream screening is carried out. Before This procedure is part because, on the one hand, in Treatment basin creates a slurry distributed that is in two first steps of lightweight parts and Heavy substances are freed after thorough cleaning; on the other hand, the actual biomass also swims in the upper part of the processing basin, however, the majority Lich below the water surface, so that with a there screened surface with which the biomass "abge creams ", a biomass free of heavy parts can be extracted men can be.

Preferably, the screening is done with the cleaned Biomass-enriched amount of water by pulling in and down lock a perforated intermediate floor and then lowering of the water level. The biomass remains then lie above the intermediate floor and can be there to be cleared and deported.

Another embodiment is given in that the Sieving the what enriched with purified biomass quantity by pulling in a sieve and lifting the same as well as draining, followed by the biomass undergoes further comminution and fermentation can be supplied.  

It is advantageous to retract the screen area in 1/10 up to 1/3 of the depth of the processing basin at a distance from the water level.

Further procedural steps can be identified as follows:

• - the slurry in the treatment tank compressed air is distributed before sieving leads;
• - The slurry in the treatment tank tion is vibrated before sieving.

This is preferably done when sieving or lowering the Excess water of the screened off at least some of the biomass before shredding added, before adding a filter or can be discontinued.

A particular advantage of the method is that it does not must be worked in batches, but that in the front presence of a processing basin and at one Provision of further stations for shredding feeding and fermenting the feeding, preparing and Separating the collected goods in the processing basin and that Screening the biomass at the same time as crushing one previously taken out of the processing basin Amount of biomass can be made. It can be done here significantly reduce investments because with one single system can be worked.

An apparatus for performing the aforementioned method should include the following parts:

• - A treatment tank that can be filled with water, at which an inclined discharge screw is arranged at the bottom, those in the treatment basin filled with water protrudes wisely above the water level,
• - one in the upper part of the preparation basin horizon  valley arranged light material wipers,
• - one in the upper part of the processing basin about pa Perforated running parallel to the water level Screen area that is relative to the water level or this is movable relative to it,
• - and one in the upper part of the preparation bowl kens arranged, closable discharge opening, through which the partially dried organic waste from the processing plant is to be removed.

With the aforementioned device, the ge mentioned process steps are carried out, wherein in particular the perforated screen surface is essential to the invention is.

The treatment basin should be one with water and one with cleaned residues of fillable shredding Container, the an agitator crushing the residues o. Like. Has to be connected downstream. The latter is like therefore a fermentation and / or composting container downstream.

A treatment basin is preferably selected, the with in the direction of the inclined area slug converging side walls or with itself trough- connected to the inclined discharge screw or trough-shaped bottom. This will reliable gripping of the sunken heavy parts aims. The inclined discharge screw can go beyond that from still serve after completion of the discharge of the Heavy parts of also exporting the biomass.

At least one of the walls of the processing basin is equipped with openings for compressed air supply lines hen. This can cause water turbulence. Vibrator heads can also be attached the contents of the processing basin in vibrations  put and thus a separation of the individual parts of the put organic waste mass easier. Even the inside the side walls are adhered by vibration Free particles.

An embodiment for the screen surface to be attached is given by the fact that a series of two against Swing flaps attached over the side walls is formed, the pivot axes each in a ge common horizontal line lie, the swivel fold from a vertical open to a horizontal Closed position are pivotable and in their hori central position an essentially closed Form the platform as a screen surface. So that can top using the lying layer of the cleaned biomass a discharge pusher after lowering the water level via a discharge opening from the processing basin be removed. The swing flaps should be preferred be perforated to prevent the rapid drainage of water accelerate.

Furthermore, it is proposed to the discharge opening to connect a discharge chute that the preparation processing basin with the shredding container. Furthermore, a connection should be made to the processing basin end of the water pipe, with which to shut off lowering water can be fed to the shredding container is. There should be a filter in the water pipe, in particular re sand filter, and / or a pump installed.

The procedure and one for performing the procedure proposed device are in the following Description explained. The figures of the drawing show gene

Fig. 1 shows an apparatus in general view in schematic representation;

Fig. 2 shows schematically a recycling tank in side view,

Fig. 3 shows a milling vessel in schemati lized side view,

Fig. 4 is a cross section along line AA of FIG. 3,

Fig. 5 is a further cross-section BB shown in FIG. 1,

Figs. 6a and 6b schematically illustrate various Rührwerksfor men,

Fig. 7 shows a discharge slide for cleaning the swivel flaps.

In Fig. 1, a device for processing organic waste groupage is shown. Here, organic waste groupage is primarily understood to mean that which arises when the contents of so-called biotones are collected. It is an unpurified collection good, which in addition to biodegradable biomass, ie the actual organic waste, also heavy parts such as sand, stones, metals, glass and gravel, as well as light parts such as plastic film pieces and plastic chunks, paper and coarse , Includes pieces of wood. It can be assumed that the heavy and light parts cannot be subjected to a biological fermentation and composting process.

According to FIG. 1, the device consists of the following parts which run through in sequence:

• a belt conveyor 90 , on which the organic waste groupage originating from the collection vehicle is received,
• - A shredding device 31 for the organic waste groupage 32 ,
• - a treatment tank 7 ,
• - A crushing container 15 , which is connected via a dirty water pipe 10 and a discharge chute 6 to the treatment basin 7 ,
• a raw suspension drain line 18 with pump 19 ,
• - A raw suspension buffer container 24 and
• a fermentation tank 50 .

Details of the processing basin 7 can be seen in FIG. 2. The processing basin 7 has an approximately wedge-shaped shape. Two walls lying approximately parallel to the image plane form side walls 72 and 72 '. There is also a rear wall 73 and a sloping floor 71 . The sloping floor 71 is covered with an inclined discharge screw 1 , which begins at the bottom of the processing tank 7 . In order to make the main receiving area of the inclined discharge screw 1 more accessible for the corresponding masses, the side walls 72 , 72 'can also converge or be provided with a trough-shaped or trough-shaped bottom which adjoins the inclined discharge screw.

As can also be seen from FIGS . 1 and 2, the inclined discharge screw 1 projects beyond the processing tank 7 and is provided at its upper end with a discharge lock 8 for foreign substances.

The upper portion of the treatment tank 7 is provided with a biomass discharge gate 9, here is Darge by a sliding panel that is movable pneumatically or via chains transversely to the basin. 7 Furthermore, a light material rake 2 is introduced above half of the screen surface 5 , which is equipped in the form of a circulating belt with corresponding computing elements.

For the treatment basin 7 , a process water supply line 25 and a waste water discharge line 10 are available. The latter begins with a filter 27 within the processing tank 7 . The water level of the basin 7 is at a height which is marked with A when the shredded organic waste (arrow 32 ) is introduced. Below half of the water level A is a sieve surface 5 through a series of walls on the two opposite sides 72 , 72 'attached perforated swivel flaps 50 , the swivel axes 51 each lying in a common horizontal line L. The swiveling flaps 50 are pivotable from a vertical open to a horizontal closed position. In their horizontal closed position they form an essentially closed platform as a sieve surface 5 below the water level A.

The water in the basin 7 can be lowered, for example, by opening the line 10 to a height B which is at the level of the screen surface 5 or slightly below. Through the process water supply water can then be supplied again, causing the water level to rise again.

Fig. 1, 3 and 4 show that the 7 Aufaufungsbec ken downstream, upstanding Zerkleinerungsbe container 15 has a cylindrical jacket 59 , on the sen inside 53 three rake-shaped Zerkleinerungsele elements 17 are attached, as in particular from Fig. 3 and the cross section AA acc. Fig. 4 emerges. The crushing elements 17 each have a flow direction, ie direction of rotation 28 , directed baffle plate 16 arranged thereon, in the interior of the crushing container 15 directed crushing fingers 47th The baffles each form a constant, acute angle β with the neighboring jacket section.

Furthermore, the comminution container 15 is equipped with an agitator 45 , the drive shaft 14 of which lies approximately in the central axis of the comminution container 15 . The agitator 45 is driven by a rotational motor 26 drive motor 26 . On the drive shaft 14 , two impellers 20 are arranged one above the other with a crushing wheel 21 placed between them, which, similar to guide plates 16, is provided with a plurality of shredding fingers 44 ( FIG. 6a).

In a further embodiment (not shown) it is provided that the guide plates 47 are attached to the casing 59 in an articulated and detachable manner so that the angle size can be adjusted as required depending on the consistency of the biomass. This solution also makes it easier to clean the shredding container. The comminution container 15 can also be arranged lying down. Compressed air can be supplied to the comminution container 15 so that further mixing takes place. Essential components of the device should be made of stainless steel.

In Figs. 6a and 6b are two different configura tions of the agitator 45 shown. In a departure from the described FIG. 6a, a stirring pin 30 is provided in FIG. 6b, with which the suspension can be mixed and comminuted.

In Fig. 7 the located in the Aufaufungsbec ken Biomüllaustragsschieber 9 is shown. When the swivel flaps 5 are in the horizontal position, the slide can slide away with two rubber lips 42 , 42 'above the flaps and also cleans the remaining flaps from the perforated flaps. The slide has a somewhat angled shape and is pushed with the help of a steel cable 90 from left to right when scraping off.

Attention should also be drawn to the alternative that sieving the enriched with purified biomass Amount of water by pulling in a sieve and on can be lifted and drained. In this  In this case, lowering the water level is not necessary Lich.

Operation of the device

The organic waste groupage 100 is poured into the processing basin 7 with a conveyor belt 90 , the water level of which is initially kept at stand A. In order to achieve a good separation of light and heavy materials from organic waste, the incoming organic waste groupage is largely crushed in the exemplary embodiment using a screw mill and / or a chopper. The aforementioned shredding device 31 prevents the light and heavy substances to be separated from being trapped in organic waste agglomerates and then being difficult or impossible to separate from the actual organic waste due to bridging and the like.

After adding a certain batch of comminuted organic waste material, the processing basin 7 is supplied with compressed air via the air supply lines connected to openings 4 from the outside. Vibrators 3 are also activated. The amount of organic waste collected as a slurry in the water mass is mixed, vibrated and thereby washed, and water flows around it heavily. As a result of this movement, light-weight parts detach from the biomass and collect on the surface.

The perforated sieve surface 5 , which lies below half the water level A, is open during the insertion and mixing of the organic waste collecting material, that is to say the swivel flaps are in the vertical open position. Heavy substances sink down into the sump of the processing basin 7 .

If the heavy and light material parts have separated from the organic waste collecting material 32 by washing and vibrating, the biomass lying above the sieve line 5 , ie the actual organic waste, is largely freed from heavy parts and light parts. In particular, it is practically sand-free. The pivoting flaps 50 are then slowly pivoted clockwise into a horizontal position according to FIG. 2, line L. Thus a Siebf formed by the perforated swing flap 50 Smile Friend. 5 The water is then pumped to the level B via the water pump 11 connected to the water line 10 until the level B is slightly below the sieve surface 5 . The drained water reaches the comminution container 15 via the line 10 . The filter 27 connected to the water pipe 10 catches any substances still present in the water, so that they cannot get into the comminution container 15 .

The biomass thus lies on the sieve surface 5 and is separated from the water, ie the water is removed by sieving.

The thereby partially dried amount of biomass or organic waste is pushed to the right ( FIG. 2) with the aid of the slide 9 of FIG. 2 and filled into the comminution container 15 via a flow path 6 .

If the portion of the organic waste to be discharged is removed from the processing basin 7 , the old water level A is restored via the feed line 25 ; the swivel flaps are swung back into the vertical open position. The conveyor belt 90 is turned on again and further organic waste groupage 32 pours into the processing basin 7 .

The Biomas se located in the comminution container 15 is washed with water during the renewed cleaning in the processing tank 7 and crushed with the help of the elements described. The agitator 45 presses the biomass with its comminution elements against the guide plates 16 and the comminution elements present there. The agitator 45 is switched on until a raw suspension of biomass with the desired pulp-like consistency has formed.

The raw suspension is fed via the raw suspension discharge line 18 via a gradient to the raw suspension buffer container 24 and passes further via a raw suspension line 68 , to which a further raw suspension pump 69 is connected, into the fermentation tank 50 or into a composting system 60 , where it is fermented, clarified and de is strified. In addition, a pump 19 may be connected.

Claims (21)

1. Process for the preparation of organic waste collection material, which contains as unpurified grouped goods in addition to biodegradable biomass - the actual organic waste - heavy parts such as sand, stones, metals, glass and gravel, as well as light parts such as film pieces, paper and plastics , with the following procedural steps:

• 1. The groupage is entered into a water-filled treatment basin ( 7 ) and distributed in the water to form a slurry;
• 2. Allowing the heavy parts, such as sand, stones, metals, glass and gravel to sink to the bottom of the processing basin;
• 3. Allowing the light parts, such as plastic film pieces and blocks, paper and coarse pieces of wood to float,
• 4. so that the groupage is separated into three fractions;
• 5. Transport of the sedimented heavy substances as sludge, ie together with a certain part of the water, outside the treatment basin;
• 6. Mechanical removal and removal of the light parts floating on the water surface
• 7. and extracting the biomass from the surrounding water,

characterized in that

• 1. a part of the amount of water enriched with purified biomass lying below the water level in the treatment basin is separated off,
• 2. the water is removed by sieving

and

• 1. the thereby partially dried amount of organic waste is removed, if necessary crushed and subjected to a fermentation and / or composting process.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in net that sieving the cleaned with biomass enriched amount of water by pulling in and shutting off of a perforated intermediate floor and subsequent ab lowering the water level. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in net that sieving the cleaned with biomass enriched amount of water by drawing in a sieve and lifting and draining. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized records that the retraction of the screen area in 1/10 to 1/3 of the depth of the processing basin at a distance from Water level takes place. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the slurry located in the treatment basin ( 7 ) is supplied to compressed air before sieving. 6. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slurry located in the treatment tank ( 7 ) is vibrated prior to screening. 7. Proceed according to at least one of the preceding the claims, characterized in that the Ab seven excess water from the screened biomas se at least partially added before crushing becomes. 8. Proceed according to at least one of the preceding  the claims, characterized in that the renewed Loading, preparing and separating the groupage and sieving the biomass simultaneously with the shredding previously removed from the processing basin amount of biomass. 9. Device for carrying out the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, consisting of:

• 1. a treatment tank ( 7 ) which can be filled with water, at the bottom ( 71 ) of which an inclined discharge screw ( 1 ) is arranged, which in the treatment tank filled with water partially projects above the water level (A),
• 2. a light material scraper ( 2 ) arranged horizontally in the upper part ( 38 ) of the processing basin ( 7 ),

characterized in that

• 1. in the upper part ( 38 ) of the processing basin ( 7 ) a perforated, approximately parallel to the water level arranged sieve surface is formed, which is relative to the water level or this is movable relative to it,
• Of treating basin (7) has a closable discharge opening (39) is arranged in the upper part 2. (38) through which the partially dried biological waste from the Aufberei processing tank (7) is to be removed.

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the treatment tank with a water and filled with cleaned residues crushing container ( 15 ), which has a residues crushing agitator ( 45 ) is connected downstream. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the comminution container ( 15 ) a fermentation and / or composting container ( 50 ); ( 60 ) is connected. 12. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the treatment basin ( 7 ) with in the direction of the receiving area of the inclined discharge screw ( 1 ) converging side walls ( 72 , 72 ') or with the inclined discharge screw subsequent, trough or channel-shaped bottom ( 71 ) is provided. 13. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims 9 to 12, characterized in that at least one of the walls (side walls 72 , 72 ', rear wall 73 ) of the processing basin ( 7 ) is provided with openings ( 4 ) for compressed air supply lines. 14. Device according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that vibrators ( 3 ) are attached to at least one of the walls (Be tenwalls 72 , 72 ', rear wall 73 ) of the processing basin ( 7 ). 15. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims 9 to 14, characterized in that the screen surface ( 5 ) by a series of on two opposite side walls ( 72 , 72 ') attached pivot ( 5 ) is formed, the pivot axes ( 51 ) each lie in a common horizontal line (L), the swivel flaps ( 50 ) being pivotable from a vertical open to a horizontal closed position and in their horizontal position being a substantially closed platform ( 55 ) Form sieve surface. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the pivoting flaps ( 50 ) are perforated. 17. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims 9 to 16, characterized in that the processing basin ( 7 ) with a displaceable above the sieve area biomass discharge slide ( 9 ) is permitted. 18. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims 9 to 17, characterized in that the treatment basin ( 7 ) a shredding device ( 31 ) for the organic waste to be abandoned is pre-switched. 19. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims 9 to 17, characterized in that at the discharge opening ( 39 ) a discharge chute ( 6 ) is closed, which connects the processing basin ( 7 ) with the crushing container ( 15 ). 20. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims 9 to 19, characterized in that a water pipe ( 10 ) is connected to the treatment basin ( 7 ) with which the used water after cleaning the residues of the crushing container ( 15 ) can be fed. 21. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that a filter ( 27 ) is installed in the water line ( 10 ).