DE19731349A1 - Dissolving metal oxide, metal hydroxide or metal which is not easily soluble - Google Patents

Dissolving metal oxide, metal hydroxide or metal which is not easily soluble

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Publication number
DE19731349A1
DE19731349A1 DE19731349A DE19731349A DE19731349A1 DE 19731349 A1 DE19731349 A1 DE 19731349A1 DE 19731349 A DE19731349 A DE 19731349A DE 19731349 A DE19731349 A DE 19731349A DE 19731349 A1 DE19731349 A1 DE 19731349A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
mgcl
magnesium chloride
mixtures
magnesium
metal
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19731349A
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German (de)
Inventor
Wolf Andreas Dr Schmidt
Rolf Prof Dr Betram
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SCHMIDT WOLF ANDREAS DIPL CHEM
Original Assignee
SCHMIDT WOLF ANDREAS DIPL CHEM
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Application filed by SCHMIDT WOLF ANDREAS DIPL CHEM filed Critical SCHMIDT WOLF ANDREAS DIPL CHEM
Priority to DE19731349A priority Critical patent/DE19731349A1/en
Publication of DE19731349A1 publication Critical patent/DE19731349A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

Dissolving of metal oxides and hydroxides which are generally not easily dissolved is carried out using solvent mixtures of magnesium chloride and magnesium chloride hexahydrate. The process is carried out at elevated pressure utilising the increased proton activity resulting from temperature dependent autopyrolysis. Preferably, the solvent comprises: (i) mixtures of MgCl2, MgCl2.6H2O, MgSO4.H2O and MgSO4.7H2O; (ii) mixtures of MgCl2, MgCl2.6H2O and Mg(NO3)2.6H2O; or (iii) mixtures of MgCl2, MgCl2.6H2O, Mg(NO3)2.6H2O, MgSO4.H2O and MgSO4.7H2O.

Description

Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Metallen sind u. a. Gegenstand der elektroche­ mischen Verfahrenstechnik.Methods for extracting metals are u. a. Subject of the electroche mix process engineering.

Die Metalle werden dabei durch Elektrolyse in sehr reiner Form gewonnen. Die entsprechenden Metalloxide, Metallhydroxide oder elementaren Metalle müssen in einem vorangehenden Schritt in ionische Form in ein fluides Medium überführt werden.The metals are obtained in a very pure form by electrolysis. The corresponding metal oxides, metal hydroxides or elemental metals in a previous step in an ionic form into a fluid Medium transferred.

Dieser Schritt kann aus reduzierenden oder oxidierenden Behandlungen, sowie Auflösungsvorgängen begründet im Säure-Base-Verhalten der jeweiligen Stoffe bestehen. Das Medium kann an den dabei ablaufenden Reaktionen beteiligt sein.This step can consist of reducing or oxidizing treatments, as well as dissolution processes based on the acid-base behavior of the respective substances exist. The medium can run on the Reactions to be involved.

Als Medien werden u. a. hochschmelzende Salzschmelzen chloridischer und fluoridischer Natur eingesetzt. Neben Werkstoffproblemen geht mit der Verwendung dieser Medien ein hoher Energieeinsatz einher.As media u. a. high melting salt melts of chloride and fluoridic nature used. In addition to material problems, the Use of these media is associated with high energy consumption.

Bei wäßrigen Lösungen als Medium erfolgt eine Hydratisierung der gelösten Ionen. Abhängig vom pH-Wert und dem Löslichkeitsprodukt kann eine Aus­ fällung der betreffenden Metallionen eintreten. Dieses schränkt wäßrige Me­ dien als Lösemittel ein.With aqueous solutions as a medium, the dissolved ones are hydrated Ions. Depending on the pH value and the solubility product, an out precipitation of the metal ions in question. This limits watery me serve as a solvent.

Dechema-Monographie 125: Elektrochemische Stoffgewinnung - Grundlagen und Verfahrenstechnik. VGH-Verlag 1992 Ullmann's Encyclopedie der technischen Chemie, 3., 4. und 5. Auflage. VGH-Verlag.Dechema monograph 125: Electrochemical substance production - basics and process engineering. VGH publishing house 1992 Ullmann's Encyclopedie der technical chemistry, 3rd, 4th and 5th edition. VGH publishing house.

Die unter Anspruch 1. bis 5. beschriebenen Systeme können wegen ihrer speziellen Lösungseigenschaften als Aufschlußmedium umfangreich tech­ nisch genutzt werden. Die Elektrolyse kann gemäß Anspruch 6. direkt in dem Aufschlußmedium erfolgen. Bei herkömmlichen Verfahren sind dagegen oft mehrere verfahrenstechnische Schritte vom Aufschluß bis zur Elektrolyse nötig.The systems described in claims 1 to 5 can because of their special solution properties as a digestion medium extensive tech niche be used. The electrolysis can according to claim 6 directly in the Digestion medium take place. In contrast, conventional methods are often several procedural steps from digestion to electrolysis necessary.

Eigene durchgeführte Untersuchungen zeigen, daß Magnesiumchlorid­ hexahydrat in flüssigem Zustand dem Elektrolyttyp der Salzschmelze zuge­ ordnet werden muß. Die aus der Autoprotolyse des Mediums ab einer be­ stimmten Temperatur resultierende Acidität kann zur Auflösung schwerlös­ licher Metalloxide und Metallhydroxide verwendet werden. Die Situation innerhalb der Hydratschmelze unterscheidet sich grundsätzlich von der in hochkonzentrierten wäßrigen Lösungen. Entscheidend hierfür sind die spezi­ ellen koordinativen und solvatisierenden Eigenschaften der Schmelze und der beschriebenen Schmelzkombinationen.Our own investigations show that magnesium chloride Hexahydrate in the liquid state supplied to the electrolyte type of the molten salt  must be arranged. The from the autoprotolysis of the medium from a be certain temperature resulting acidity can be difficult to dissolve Licher metal oxides and metal hydroxides are used. The situation within the hydrate melt differs fundamentally from that in highly concentrated aqueous solutions. The speci ellen coordinative and solvating properties of the melt and the described melting combinations.

Die Kombination von Magnesiumchloridhexahydrat (MgCl2.6H2O) und Magnesiumnitrathexahydrat (Mg(NO3)2.6H2O) läßt für die Autoprotolyse die Bildung stark oxidierender Agenzien erwarten. Solch ein System ist für die Auflösung von Edelmetallen einsetzbar.The combination of magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 .6H 2 O) and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (Mg (NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O) allows the formation of strongly oxidizing agents to be expected for autoprotolysis. Such a system can be used for the dissolution of precious metals.

Der relativ niedrige Temperaturarbeitsbereich des Aufschlußverfahrens be­ deutet einen geringen Energieeinsatz.The relatively low temperature working range of the digestion process indicates a low energy input.

Magnesiumchloridhexahydrat als Aufschlußmedium ist in Form der Kalisalze Bischofit (MgCl2.6H2O) und Carnallit (KCl.MgCl2.6H2O) kostengünstig zugäng­ lich.Magnesium chloride hexahydrate as the digestion medium is inexpensively available in the form of the potassium salts bishofite (MgCl 2 .6H 2 O) and carnallite (KCl.MgCl 2 .6H 2 O).

Wolf Andreas Schmidt, Beiträge zum Verständnis der Elektrochemie einer Hydratschmelze des Typs Magnesiumchloridhexahydrat, Verlag Papierflieger 1. Auflage, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 1997, zugl. Braunschweig Techn. Univ., Diss., 1997.Wolf Andreas Schmidt, Contributions to the understanding of electrochemistry Hydrate melt of the magnesium chloride hexahydrate type, Verlag Papierflieger 1st edition, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 1997, related to Braunschweig Techn. Univ., Diss., 1997.

Claims (6)

1. Verfahren zum Aufschluß von schwerlöslichen Metalloxiden und Metallhydroxiden dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Lösungsmittel Mischungen von Magnesiumchlorid (MgCl2) und Magnesiumchloridhexahydrat (MgCl2.6H2O) bei erhöhtem Druck unter Ausnutzung der erhöhten Protonenaktivität durch die temperaturbedingte Autoprotolyse verwendet wird.1. A process for the digestion of sparingly soluble metal oxides and metal hydroxides, characterized in that mixtures of magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ) and magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 .6H 2 O) are used as solvents at elevated pressure, taking advantage of the increased proton activity by the temperature-dependent autoprotolysis. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mischungen von Magnesiumchlorid (MgCl2), Magnesiumchloridhexahydrat (MgCl2.6H2O), Magnesiumsulfatmonohydrat (MgSO4.H2O) und Magnesiumsulfatheptahydrat (MgSO4.7H2O) verwendet werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that mixtures of magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 .6H 2 O), magnesium sulfate monohydrate (MgSO 4 .H 2 O) and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO 4 .7H 2 O) are used . 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mischungen von Magnesiumchlorid (MgCl2), Magnesiumchloridhexahydrat (MgCl2.6H2O) und Magnesiumnitrathexahydrat (Mg(NO3)2.6H2O) verwendet werden.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that mixtures of magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 .6H 2 O) and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (Mg (NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O) are used. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mischungen von Magnesiumchlorid (MgCl2), Magnesiumchloridhexahydrat (MgCl2.6H2O), Magnesiumnitrathexahydrat (Mg(NO3)2.6H2O), Magnesiumsulfatmonohydrat (MgSO4.H2O), Magnesiumsulfatheptahydrat (MgSO4.7H2O) verwendet werden.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that mixtures of magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 .6H 2 O), magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (Mg (NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O), magnesium sulfate monohydrate (MgSO 4 .H 2 O), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO 4 .7H 2 O) can be used. 5. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Auflösung von Metallen die Bildung stark oxidierender Agenzien ausgenutzt wird.5. The method according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that for Dissolution of metals exploited the formation of strongly oxidizing agents becomes. 6. Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Abscheidung der gelösten Metalle, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in Punkt 1. bis 5. gekennzeichneten Schmelzkombinationen verwendet werden.6. Process for the electrochemical deposition of the dissolved metals, characterized in that those marked in points 1 to 5 Fusion combinations are used.
DE19731349A 1997-07-22 1997-07-22 Dissolving metal oxide, metal hydroxide or metal which is not easily soluble Withdrawn DE19731349A1 (en)

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DE19731349A DE19731349A1 (en) 1997-07-22 1997-07-22 Dissolving metal oxide, metal hydroxide or metal which is not easily soluble

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015151099A1 (en) 2014-03-31 2015-10-08 Technion Research & Development Foundation Limited A method for passive metal activation and uses thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015151099A1 (en) 2014-03-31 2015-10-08 Technion Research & Development Foundation Limited A method for passive metal activation and uses thereof

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