DE19730003A1 - Use of aluminium-aluminium oxide composite material - Google Patents
Use of aluminium-aluminium oxide composite materialInfo
- Publication number
- DE19730003A1 DE19730003A1 DE19730003A DE19730003A DE19730003A1 DE 19730003 A1 DE19730003 A1 DE 19730003A1 DE 19730003 A DE19730003 A DE 19730003A DE 19730003 A DE19730003 A DE 19730003A DE 19730003 A1 DE19730003 A1 DE 19730003A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cells
- aluminium
- powder
- mixture
- aluminum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/8621—Porous electrodes containing only metallic or ceramic material, e.g. made by sintering or sputtering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
- H01M2008/147—Fuel cells with molten carbonates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0048—Molten electrolytes used at high temperature
- H01M2300/0051—Carbonates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8652—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites as mixture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0223—Composites
- H01M8/0226—Composites in the form of mixtures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzellen wie Festoxidbrennstoffzellen oder Schmelzkarbonatbrennstoffzellen enthalten bekanntlich elektrisch leitfähige Komponenten, wie insbesondere die beiden Elektroden (Anode und Kathode) oder Bipolarplatten. Bipolarplatten bestehen aus dem Trennblech und den gewellten Stromsammlern, von denen letztere an den Anoden bzw. Kathoden anliegen. An solche elektrisch leitfähigen Komponenten von Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzellen werden hohe Anforderungen gestellt. Sie müssen nämlich eine hinreichende mechanische Festigkeit besitzen, so daß während des Betriebs weder Deformationen noch Risse oder Brüche eintreten. Insbesondere ist natürlich ein Zusammenfallen der porösen Struktur von Anode und Kathode zu vermeiden. Desweiteren wird Korrosionsbeständigkeit gefordert und zwar unter reduzierender Atmosphäre auf der Anodenseite und oxidierender Atmosphäre auf der Kathodenseite. Bei Schmelzkarbonatbrennstoffzellen wird zudem Beständigkeit gegenüber dem aggressiven Elektrolyten verlangt. Um hohe elektrische Wirkungsgrade und eine gute Energiedichte der Zellen zu erreichen, ist im weiteren eine gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit der entsprechenden Bauteile Voraussetzung.High temperature fuel cells such as solid oxide fuel cells or Molten carbonate fuel cells are known to contain electrically conductive components, such as in particular the two electrodes (anode and cathode) or bipolar plates. Bipolar plates consist of the divider and the corrugated current collectors, one of which the latter abut the anodes or cathodes. To such electrically conductive Components of high-temperature fuel cells have high requirements. You must namely have sufficient mechanical strength so that during the No deformations, cracks or breaks occur during operation. In particular is natural to avoid collapse of the porous structure of the anode and cathode. Furthermore, corrosion resistance is required, and that under reducing Atmosphere on the anode side and oxidizing atmosphere on the cathode side. At Molten carbonate fuel cells will also become resistant to the aggressive Electrolytes required. To ensure high electrical efficiency and good energy density Reaching cells is also a good electrical conductivity of the corresponding Components requirement.
Bis heute gibt es keinen Werkstoff, der alle diese Anforderungen in der Summe in befriedigender Weise erfüllt. Es wird versucht, durch die unterschiedlichsten Kombinationen von Werkstoffen, Schutzschichten und Behandlungsmethoden den obigen Anforderungen nachzukommen. Beispielsweise wird bei Schmelzkarbonatbrennstoffzellen die Kathodenseite der Bipolarplatte aus Chromnickelstahl hergestellt. Die Anodenseite der Bipolarplatte besteht aus Nickel, das aus Steifigkeitsgründen auf eine Metallschicht aufgebracht ist. Für die Kathode wird lithiiertes Nickeloxid verwendet. Die Anode besteht aus Nickel mit den Legierungsbestandteilen Chrom oder Aluminium für erhöhte mechanische Festigkeit.To date, there is no material that all of these requirements in total satisfactorily fulfilled. It is tried through the most varied combinations of materials, protective layers and treatment methods meet the above requirements to comply. For example, in molten carbonate fuel cells Cathode side of the bipolar plate made of chromium-nickel steel. The anode side of the Bipolar plate is made of nickel, which for reasons of stiffness on a metal layer is applied. Lithiated nickel oxide is used for the cathode. The anode is there made of nickel with the alloy components chrome or aluminum for increased Mechanic solidity.
Aus der EP 0 459 351 B1 geht es im weiteren als bekannt hervor, zur Herstellung von Elektroden für Schmelzkarbonatbrennstoffzellen Nickelpulver und Oxide wie z. B. Al2O3 in Pulverform miteinander zu vermischen und unter Zugabe von organischen Lösungsmitteln und einem Binder eine breiige Paste herzustellen, die zu Folien gegossen wird. Durch Sintern der Folie wird eine poröse Elektrode erhalten. Aufgrund der Dichtigkeitsunterschiede zwischen Nickel- und Oxidpulver neigen die Oxide jedoch offensichtlich dazu, sich beim Gießen der Folie in einer oberen Schicht anzusammeln, was zu unerwünschten Inhomogenitäten führt.From EP 0 459 351 B1 it is furthermore known that, for the production of electrodes for molten carbonate fuel cells, nickel powder and oxides such as e.g. B. Al 2 O 3 in powder form to mix with each other and with the addition of organic solvents and a binder to make a pasty paste, which is cast into films. A porous electrode is obtained by sintering the film. However, due to the differences in density between nickel and oxide powders, the oxides obviously tend to accumulate in an upper layer when the film is cast, which leads to undesirable inhomogeneities.
In der Zeitschrift TR Transfer Nr. 26, 1996, Seiten 44 und 45 ist ein neuer Al2O3/Al- Verbundwerkstoff beschrieben, der bei Raumtemperatur über eine gute elektrische und thermische Leitfähigkeit verfügt, mit Stahl vergleichbare Festigkeitseigenschaften besitzt und in der Fertigung zu geringen Verzügen neigt. Über die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des Werkstoffs finden sich jedoch keine Hinweise.In the magazine TR Transfer No. 26, 1996, pages 44 and 45, a new Al 2 O 3 / Al composite material is described, which has good electrical and thermal conductivity at room temperature, has comparable strength properties to steel and also in manufacturing slight delays. However, there is no information about the possible uses of the material.
Obwohl eine Vielzahl von Werkstoffen und Werkstoffkombinationen zur Darstellung von Brennstoffzellen und deren Komponenten betrachtet worden sind, so ist es dennoch bis heute nicht gelungen, insbesondere Schmelzkarbonatbrennstoffzellen mit ausreichender Korrosionsbeständigkeit und damit entsprechender Lebensdauer, guter innerer Leitfähigkeit und geringen ohmschen Verlusten zu niedrigen Kosten herzustellen.Although a large number of materials and material combinations to represent Fuel cells and their components have been considered, so it is still up failed today, especially molten carbonate fuel cells with sufficient Corrosion resistance and therefore a corresponding service life, good internal conductivity and produce low ohmic losses at low cost.
Der Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, elektrisch leitfähige Bauteile für Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzellen, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Bauteile und die Verwendung eines Werkstoffs anzugeben, die den Brennstoffzellen eine hohe Lebensdauer und hohe Leistung bei niedrigen Herstellkosten verleihen.The invention is based on the problem of electrically conductive components for High temperature fuel cells, a process for manufacturing the components and the Use of a material to indicate that the fuel cells have a long service life and give high performance at low manufacturing costs.
Dieses Problem wird durch die im Patentanspruch 1 bzw. 3 bzw. 5 aufgeführten Merkmale gelöst. Danach besteht der Werkstoff für die elektrisch leitfähigen Komponenten der Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzelle aus einem Metall-Keramik-Verbundwerkstoff, der ein Metall, nämlich Aluminium und ein Metalloxid, nämlich Al2O3 enthält. Der Werkstoff besitzt ein feines, homogenes und mechanisch stabiles Gefüge, in dem die Ausgangswerkstoffe vermengt sind. Al2O3 entsteht bei hohen Temperaturen, wie beispielsweise in der oben zitierten Zeitschrift dargestellt. Vorzugsweise besteht der für Brennstoffzellen verwendete Werkstoff zu 2/3 aus Aluminiumoxid und zu 1/3 aus Aluminiummetall. Sowohl die keramische als auch die metallische Phase haben eine durchgehende dreidimensionale Struktur. Der Werkstoff besitzt, im Gegensatz zu rein keramischen Werkstoffen, eine bei Raumtemperatur gute elektrische und thermische Leitfähigkeit, sowie eine so sehr hohe Festigkeit und deutlich bessere Duktilität als rein keramische Werkstoffe. Aufgrund der Einbettung des Aluminiums in die Keramikmatrix erhält der Verbundwerkstoff seine Formstabilität auch bei Temperaturen, die weit oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes von Aluminium liegen. Außerdem bleibt das Aluminium, wie in Untersuchungen jetzt nachgewiesen werden konnte, auch bei hohen Temperaturen in oxidierender Atmosphäre in metallischem Zustand, so daß auch die elektrische Leitfähigkeit bei diesen hohen Temperaturen erhalten bleibt. So lassen sich die Anforderungen, die an elektrisch leitfähige Komponenten von Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzellen gestellt werden, mit diesem Material erfüllen.This problem is solved by the features listed in claim 1 or 3 or 5. The material for the electrically conductive components of the high-temperature fuel cell then consists of a metal-ceramic composite material which contains a metal, namely aluminum and a metal oxide, namely Al 2 O 3 . The material has a fine, homogeneous and mechanically stable structure, in which the starting materials are mixed. Al 2 O 3 is formed at high temperatures, as shown, for example, in the magazine cited above. The material used for fuel cells is preferably 2/3 aluminum oxide and 1/3 aluminum metal. Both the ceramic and the metallic phase have a continuous three-dimensional structure. In contrast to purely ceramic materials, the material has good electrical and thermal conductivity at room temperature, as well as very high strength and significantly better ductility than purely ceramic materials. Due to the embedding of aluminum in the ceramic matrix, the composite material maintains its shape stability even at temperatures that are well above the melting point of aluminum. In addition, as has now been demonstrated in studies, the aluminum remains in a metallic state even at high temperatures in an oxidizing atmosphere, so that the electrical conductivity is also maintained at these high temperatures. This means that the requirements placed on electrically conductive components of high-temperature fuel cells can be met with this material.
Als Herstellverfahren für die elektrisch leitfähigen Komponenten kommen bevorzugt pulvermetallurgische Prozesse in Frage. Hierbei wird beispielsweise feinkörniges Aluminiumoxidpulver unter hohen Drücken in die gewünschte Form verpreßt und das Pressteil anschließend in einer Aluminiumschmelze mit Aluminium gesättigt. Aluminiumoxidpulver und Aluminiumpulver können auch miteinander vermischt sein, wenn sie zur endgültigen Raumform verpreßt werden. Das entstandene Preßteil wird dann bei hohen Temperaturen gesintert. Zur Herstellung von porösen Elektroden sind Porenbildner beigesetzt, die sich beim Sintern verflüchtigen. Wenn eine Elektrode nach dem Foliengießverfahren hergestellt werden soll, so sind die entsprechenden Pulver aus Aluminium und Aluminiumoxid mit einem Lösungsmittel und einem Binder zu versetzen, die eine breiförmige Masse ergeben, die zu Folien gegossen werden kann. Nach dem Trocknen und Sintern entstehen poröse Elektroden aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Verbundwerkstoff.Preferred manufacturing processes for the electrically conductive components are powder metallurgical processes in question. Here, for example, becomes fine-grained Alumina powder pressed under high pressure into the desired shape and that The pressed part is then saturated with aluminum in an aluminum melt. Aluminum oxide powder and aluminum powder can also be mixed together if they are pressed into the final spatial shape. The pressed part is then at sintered at high temperatures. Pore formers are used to produce porous electrodes buried, which evaporate during sintering. If an electrode after Foil casting process is to be produced, the corresponding powders are made To add a solvent and a binder to aluminum and aluminum oxide, which result in a pasty mass that can be cast into films. After this Drying and sintering result in porous electrodes from the invention Composite.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19730003A DE19730003B4 (en) | 1997-07-12 | 1997-07-12 | An electrically conductive high temperature fuel cell component and use of a metal-ceramic composite material to manufacture a high temperature fuel cell component |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19730003A DE19730003B4 (en) | 1997-07-12 | 1997-07-12 | An electrically conductive high temperature fuel cell component and use of a metal-ceramic composite material to manufacture a high temperature fuel cell component |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE19730003A1 true DE19730003A1 (en) | 1999-01-14 |
DE19730003B4 DE19730003B4 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
Family
ID=7835572
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19730003A Expired - Fee Related DE19730003B4 (en) | 1997-07-12 | 1997-07-12 | An electrically conductive high temperature fuel cell component and use of a metal-ceramic composite material to manufacture a high temperature fuel cell component |
Country Status (1)
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DE (1) | DE19730003B4 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10134129A1 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-02-13 | Siemens Ag | Coating used for a gas diffusion electrode, especially for an anode or cathode of a high temperature fuel cell, has a porosity which maintains its value after applying an electrolyte and subsequently sintering |
DE10156033A1 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2003-06-12 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Fuel cell arrangement suitable for molten carbonate cells, has porous anode and cathode current collectors containing alkali-interceptor |
WO2005029618A2 (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2005-03-31 | Tiax Llc | Electrochemical devices and components thereof |
WO2011154186A1 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-12-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Apparatus for making contact with a current source and current source with a metal-infiltrated ceramic |
CN106636712A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-10 | 河南和成无机新材料股份有限公司 | Metal plasticity-combined microcrystalline alumina ceramic and preparation method and application thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4600481A (en) * | 1982-12-30 | 1986-07-15 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Aluminum production cell components |
DD300725A5 (en) * | 1990-07-19 | 1992-07-09 | Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag | CERAMIC-METAL COMPOSITES |
ATE303001T1 (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 2005-09-15 | Sulzer Hexis Ag | BATTERY WITH PLANAR HIGH TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS |
-
1997
- 1997-07-12 DE DE19730003A patent/DE19730003B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10134129A1 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-02-13 | Siemens Ag | Coating used for a gas diffusion electrode, especially for an anode or cathode of a high temperature fuel cell, has a porosity which maintains its value after applying an electrolyte and subsequently sintering |
DE10156033A1 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2003-06-12 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Fuel cell arrangement suitable for molten carbonate cells, has porous anode and cathode current collectors containing alkali-interceptor |
DE10156033C2 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2003-10-30 | Mtu Cfc Solutions Gmbh | Current collector and use of a current collector in a molten carbonate fuel cell |
WO2005029618A2 (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2005-03-31 | Tiax Llc | Electrochemical devices and components thereof |
WO2005029618A3 (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2005-10-27 | Tiax Llc | Electrochemical devices and components thereof |
WO2011154186A1 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-12-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Apparatus for making contact with a current source and current source with a metal-infiltrated ceramic |
US9099798B2 (en) | 2010-06-08 | 2015-08-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Current-source contacting device and current source having metal-infiltrated ceramic |
CN106636712A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-10 | 河南和成无机新材料股份有限公司 | Metal plasticity-combined microcrystalline alumina ceramic and preparation method and application thereof |
CN106636712B (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2018-08-31 | 河南和成无机新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of plastic deformation is combined Fine Grain Alumina Ceramics and the preparation method and application thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE19730003B4 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
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