DE19720877A1 - Method for producing images on glass, stone and other hard materials - Google Patents
Method for producing images on glass, stone and other hard materialsInfo
- Publication number
- DE19720877A1 DE19720877A1 DE1997120877 DE19720877A DE19720877A1 DE 19720877 A1 DE19720877 A1 DE 19720877A1 DE 1997120877 DE1997120877 DE 1997120877 DE 19720877 A DE19720877 A DE 19720877A DE 19720877 A1 DE19720877 A1 DE 19720877A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- stone
- line
- image
- hard materials
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
- B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
- B44F1/06—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by transmitted light, e.g. transparencies, imitations of glass paintings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/22—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching
- B44C1/222—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching using machine-driven mechanical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/22—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching
- B44C1/225—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching by engraving
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/42—Recording and playback systems, i.e. in which the programme is recorded from a cycle of operations, e.g. the cycle of operations being manually controlled, after which this record is played back on the same machine
- G05B19/4202—Recording and playback systems, i.e. in which the programme is recorded from a cycle of operations, e.g. the cycle of operations being manually controlled, after which this record is played back on the same machine preparation of the programme medium using a drawing, a model
- G05B19/4207—Recording and playback systems, i.e. in which the programme is recorded from a cycle of operations, e.g. the cycle of operations being manually controlled, after which this record is played back on the same machine preparation of the programme medium using a drawing, a model in which a model is traced or scanned and corresponding data recorded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
- B41M1/26—Printing on other surfaces than ordinary paper
- B41M1/34—Printing on other surfaces than ordinary paper on glass or ceramic surfaces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
- G05B2219/35164—Reverse engineering, camera and probe to inspect workpiece and machine are the same ones
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Verfahren zur Herstellung hochwertiger, hochauflösender Abbildungen auf polierten Oberflächen aus Glas, Stein und anderen harten Materialien, bei optimaler Ton wiedergabe, Originaltreue, Automatisierung und Umweltfreund lichkeit des Prozesses.The invention relates to methods for producing high quality, high-resolution images on polished surfaces Glass, stone and other hard materials, with optimal tone reproduction, fidelity, automation and environmental friend the process.
Bekannt sind Methoden zur Herstellung von Abbildungen auf Glas, Stein und anderen harten Materialien, wie zum Beispiel Herausklopfen mit Körner und einer Schlagvorrichtung, oder die Bearbeitung mit einem schleifmittelhaltigen Luftstrahl unter Verwendung einer Schutzmaske und Schablonen, die der Abbil dung entsprechen.Methods for producing images are known Glass, stone and other hard materials, such as Knock out with grains and a striker, or die Processing with an air jet containing abrasive Use of a protective mask and stencils that correspond to the fig match.
Bekannt ist die Ultraschallmethode zur Herstellung von Relief bildern und Konturdarstellung auf Glas. Die Abbildung wird mit Hilfe eines Werkzeuges und einer flüssigen Schleifsuspension übertragen.The ultrasound method for producing relief is known pictures and outline on glass. The picture comes with Using a tool and a liquid grinding suspension transfer.
Bekannt ist die Methode der Herstellung von Abbildungen auf
Glas durch chemisches Ätzen, was die Durchführung einer Reihe
arbeitsintensiver technologischer Prozesse erfordert.
The method of producing images on glass by chemical etching is known, which requires the implementation of a number of labor-intensive technological processes.
- - Entfetten der Glasoberfläche- Degreasing the glass surface
- - Auftragen einer säurefesten, lichtempfindlichen Emulsion.- Apply an acid-resistant, light-sensitive emulsion.
- - Trocknen bei hohen Temperaturen bis 300°C- Drying at high temperatures up to 300 ° C
- - Belichten der Abbildung.- Exposing the picture.
- - Entwickeln- Develop
- - Ausspülen - rinse
- - Ätzen in Dämpfen oder Lösungen aggressiver, giftiger Fluß säure HF.- Etching in vapors or solutions of aggressive, toxic flow acid HF.
Bekannt ist die Methode der Herstellung einer Abbildung auf Glas unter Verwendung eines Laserstrahls mit hoher Energie, der ein Verdampfen der Oberflächenschicht des Glases bewirkt.The method of making an image is well known Glass using a high energy laser beam, which causes the surface layer of the glass to evaporate.
Bekannt ist die Methode der Herstellung einer Abbildung auf Stein nach Patent SU 1 738 686 A1 mit optischer Abtastung des Originals und amplitudenmodulierter Ansteuerung des Körners oder eines anderen Werkzeuges.The method of making an image is well known Stein according to patent SU 1 738 686 A1 with optical scanning of the Originals and amplitude-modulated control of the center or another tool.
Das Problem der bisherigen Lösungen ist, daß sie nicht sehr produktiv sind und keine Wiedergabe der Tönungsskala des Ori ginals erlauben. Es ist damit nicht möglich, eine originalgetreue, hochwertige, hochauflösende Abbildung auf Glas, Stein und anderen harten Materialien zu erhalten. Ein umweltverträg licher Prozeß und guter Arbeitsschutz ist bei diesen Methoden nicht gegeben. Bei der Ultraschallmethode ist die Größe der Gravur durch die Werkzeuggröße beschränkt. Das Hauptproblem der Lasermethode sind die physikalischen Eigenschaften von Werkstück und Werkzeug (Sauberkeit, Spiegeleffekte, Farbe des Glases, Winkel zwischen Glas und Laserstrahl, inhomogene chemische Zusammensetzung) und der hohe Energieaufwand. Die punktuelle Einwirkung des Laserstrahls kann infolge hoher Temperaturen zum Platzen des Glases führen. Bis auf die Methode mit Körner und Schlagwerkzeug sind die Methoden wegen der Inhomogenität des zu bearbeitenden Materials für Stein nicht geeignet.The problem with previous solutions is that they are not very are productive and do not reproduce the tint scale of the Ori Allow ginals. It is not possible to use a high-quality, high-resolution image on glass, stone and other hard materials. An environmentally friendly Process and good occupational health and safety are key to these methods not given. With the ultrasound method, the size is the Engraving limited by tool size. The main issue The laser method are the physical properties of Workpiece and tool (cleanliness, mirror effects, color of the Glases, angle between glass and laser beam, inhomogeneous chemical composition) and the high energy consumption. The punctual impact of the laser beam can be due to high Temperatures cause the glass to burst. Except for the Grain method and striking tool are the methods because the inhomogeneity of the material to be processed for stone not suitable.
Das Ziel der Erfindung wird durch zeilenweises Messen der
optischen Dichte des Originals mittels einer Abtastvorrichtung
erreicht. Anschließend wird die erhaltene Information loga
rithmisch umgewandelt in ein frequenzmoduliertes Signal,
welches sich entsprechend der vorgegebenen Abstufungscharak
teristik der Abbildung ändert. Das so erzeugte Steuersignal
wird verstärkt und an den Werkzeugkopf übergeben. Der Werk
zeugkopf zerstört nun mit Hilfe eines Körners oder eines
anderen Werkzeuges mit durch den Abtaster vorgegebener
Schrittweite und Tiefe die polierte Oberfläche des Glases,
Steins oder anderen Materials in Form örtlicher Punkte. Die
Anordnung dieser Punkte entspricht der optischen Dichte der
Punkte auf dem Original unter Anwendung des mathematischen
Modells eines visuellen Analysators:
The object of the invention is achieved by measuring the optical density of the original line by line using a scanning device. The information obtained is then logarithmically converted into a frequency-modulated signal, which changes in accordance with the predetermined gradation characteristic of the figure. The control signal generated in this way is amplified and transferred to the tool head. The tool head now destroys the polished surface of the glass, stone or other material in the form of local points with the aid of a punch or another tool with a step size and depth specified by the scanner. The arrangement of these points corresponds to the optical density of the points on the original using the mathematical model of a visual analyzer:
W(v) = exp(-0.343v).W (v) = exp (-0.343v).
Wobei v Raumfrequenz mit 1/mm eine hohe Qualität der zu er stellenden Abbildung bei hoher Auflösung und optimaler Ton wiedergabe gewährleistet.Whereby v spatial frequency with 1 / mm a high quality of he image at high resolution and optimal sound playback guaranteed.
Die Erfindung sollte unter Verwendung eines Gerätes verwirk licht werden, welches dreidimensionale Bewegungen ausführen kann (Graviermaschinen, Plotter, Glasschneidemaschinen).The invention should be implemented using a device become light, which three-dimensional movements perform can (engraving machines, plotters, glass cutting machines).
Das Verfahren erlaubt eine kostengünstige, umweltfreundliche und flexible Produktion von Abbildungen auf die unterschied lichsten Materialien wie Glas, Stein, Kunststoff, Holz, usw. auf der gleichen Maschine ohne aufwendige Umrüst- und Arbeits schutzmaßnahmen. Der entstehende minimale Abfall kann mit der normalen Maschinenausrüstung (Absaugung) entfernt werden. Zur Kontrasterhöhung kann die bearbeitete Fläche mit farbigem Füller nachbearbeitet werden.The process allows an inexpensive, environmentally friendly and flexible production of images on the difference materials such as glass, stone, plastic, wood, etc. on the same machine without time-consuming retooling and labor protective measures. The resulting minimal waste can be with the normal machine equipment (suction) must be removed. For Contrast can be increased with colored surfaces Filler can be reworked.
Fig. 1 zeigt die Ausgangscharakteristik der Hauptbaugruppen der Versuchsanlage, auf der das Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ab bildungen auf Glas, Stein und anderer harter Materialien ge testet wurde, bei der Arbeitsgerät mit Körner und Abtaster eine Einheit bilden. Fig. 1 shows the output characteristics of the main assemblies of the pilot plant, on which the process for the production of images on glass, stone and other hard materials has been tested ge, form a unit in the implement with grains and scanner.
V1. .5 Ausgangsspannung der Hauptgruppen
f Modulationsfrequenz
Dop Optische Dichte des Originals
P Leistung des Gravierimpulses
V1. .5 Main group output voltage
f Modulation frequency
Dop Optical density of the original
P power of the engraving pulse
11
photoelektrischer Abtaster
photoelectric scanner
22nd
Logarithmischer Umformer
Logarithmic converter
33rd
Abstufungskorrektur
Gradation correction
44th
Frequenzmodulator
Frequency modulator
55
Steuerteil für die Nutzenergie des Arbeitsgerätes mit
Körner und dessen Stellung in Bezug auf die Material
oberfläche
Control unit for the useful energy of the implement with grains and its position in relation to the material surface
66
Leistungsverstärker für das Steuersignal
Power amplifier for the control signal
77
Arbeitsgerät mit Körner
Tool with grains
88th
Bearbeitungseinheit.
Processing unit.
Der photoelektrische Abtaster (1) gibt ein logarithmisches Signal ab, das im Umformer (2) linearisiert wird. Mit der Abstufungskorrektur (3) ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, die Anzahl der Abstufungen (Grautöne) einzustellen. Der Frequenzumfor mer (4) erzeugt daraus eine zur Spannung proportionale Frequenz. Das Steuerteil (5) erzeugt daraus ein Rechtecksignal einstellbarer Amplitude, damit die Leistung des Arbeitsge rätes (7) regelbar ist. Der Leistungsverstärker (6) erzeugt aus den Signalen des Steuerteils (5) die benötigte Energie für das Arbeitsgerät mit Körner (7). Bei der Versuchsanlage bestand die Bearbeitungseinheit (8) aus photoelektrischem Abtaster (1) und Arbeitsgerät mit Körner (7).The photoelectric scanner ( 1 ) emits a logarithmic signal, which is linearized in the converter ( 2 ). With the gradation correction ( 3 ) it is possible to set the number of gradations (shades of gray). The frequency converter ( 4 ) generates a frequency proportional to the voltage. The control part ( 5 ) generates a square wave of adjustable amplitude, so that the power of the Arbeitsge device ( 7 ) can be regulated. The power amplifier ( 6 ) generates the required energy for the working device with grains ( 7 ) from the signals of the control part ( 5 ). In the test facility, the processing unit ( 8 ) consisted of a photoelectric scanner ( 1 ) and a working device with grains ( 7 ).
Fig. 2 zeigt eine Ausführung einer Anlage mit Scanner, Computer und CAM-System. Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a system with scanner, computer and CAM system.
Der photoelektrische Abtaster (1) besteht aus einem Scanner oder einer Videokamera. Die Daten werden von einem PC (11) eingelesen und von einer speziellen Software verarbeitet, die für die logarithmische Wandlung der Helligkeitswerte und die Abstufungskorrektur der Bilddaten zuständig ist. Durch den Einsatz eines Computerprogramms wird eine Skalierung des Bildformates möglich und somit eine Anpassung an die zu bear beitende Fläche. Der erzeugte Steuerdatenstrom wird an die Steuerung (12) des CAM-Systems (13) übergeben, die dann das am CAM-System (13) montierte Arbeitsgerät mit Körner (7) positioniert. Die Steuersignale für das Arbeitsgerät mit Körner (7) werden ebenfalls von der CAM-Steuerung (12) erzeugt.The photoelectric scanner ( 1 ) consists of a scanner or a video camera. The data are read in by a PC ( 11 ) and processed by a special software which is responsible for the logarithmic conversion of the brightness values and the gradation correction of the image data. The use of a computer program enables the image format to be scaled and thus adapted to the area to be processed. The generated control data stream is transferred to the controller ( 12 ) of the CAM system ( 13 ), which then positions the implement with the grains ( 7 ) mounted on the CAM system ( 13 ). The control signals for the implement with grains ( 7 ) are also generated by the CAM controller ( 12 ).
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1997120877 DE19720877A1 (en) | 1997-05-17 | 1997-05-17 | Method for producing images on glass, stone and other hard materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1997120877 DE19720877A1 (en) | 1997-05-17 | 1997-05-17 | Method for producing images on glass, stone and other hard materials |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE19720877A1 true DE19720877A1 (en) | 1998-11-19 |
Family
ID=7829866
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE1997120877 Withdrawn DE19720877A1 (en) | 1997-05-17 | 1997-05-17 | Method for producing images on glass, stone and other hard materials |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE19720877A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19952598C1 (en) * | 1999-11-02 | 2000-10-19 | Hans Hnatek | Engraving the surfaces of confectionery uses a computer-controlled single-lip cutter which follows the surface height contours using stored patterns as pixels or vector graphics |
Citations (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1926992A1 (en) * | 1969-05-27 | 1970-12-03 | Gropack Zug Gmbh | Engraving process |
DE2207090A1 (en) * | 1972-02-15 | 1973-09-06 | Hell Rudolf Dr Ing Gmbh | ENGRAVING SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SCREENED PRINTING FORMS |
DE2362843A1 (en) * | 1972-12-20 | 1974-12-05 | Dainippon Screen Mfg | METHOD OF DISPLAYING AN IMAGE ON A CONFIRMATION CARD OR THE SAME AND IMAGE CARRIER IN THE FORM OF A CONFIRMATION CARD OR THE SAME |
DE2741953A1 (en) * | 1977-09-17 | 1979-03-29 | Hell Rudolf Dr Ing Gmbh | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SCREENED PRINTING FORMS |
EP0038513A2 (en) * | 1980-04-23 | 1981-10-28 | The Gerber Scientific Instrument Company | Method and system to depict a picture of an object |
FR2532443A1 (en) * | 1982-08-24 | 1984-03-02 | Delta Productique | DIGITAL ENGRAVING METHOD, IMPLEMENTATION DEVICE AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED |
US4612584A (en) * | 1983-06-03 | 1986-09-16 | Gravure Research Institute, Inc. | Screen gravure engraving system for electromechanical engravers |
DE3613013A1 (en) * | 1986-04-17 | 1987-10-22 | Siemens Ag | Process for engraving graphic elements in surfaces of objects by means of a laser inscription device |
DE3912663C2 (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 1991-08-08 | Engel Steinbearbeitungsmaschinen Gmbh, 3003 Ronnenberg, De | |
DE4142887A1 (en) * | 1990-12-24 | 1992-06-25 | Ms Servizi Informatici | ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR ENGRAVING SCREEN PRINTING PLATES AND SIMILAR BY LASER BEAM |
DE3914059C2 (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1992-09-03 | Rolf Dipl.-Ing. 3400 Goettingen De Wissner | |
DE4334804A1 (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1994-04-21 | Ryszard Martin | Sand blast engraving tool, esp. for glass - forms narrow scanning sand jet for uniform engraving over entire character region |
US5327167A (en) * | 1990-04-26 | 1994-07-05 | Zed Instruments Limited | Printing cylinder engraving |
EP0612182A2 (en) * | 1993-02-18 | 1994-08-24 | Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Pixel and data format conversion processor for gravure |
-
1997
- 1997-05-17 DE DE1997120877 patent/DE19720877A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1926992A1 (en) * | 1969-05-27 | 1970-12-03 | Gropack Zug Gmbh | Engraving process |
DE2207090A1 (en) * | 1972-02-15 | 1973-09-06 | Hell Rudolf Dr Ing Gmbh | ENGRAVING SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SCREENED PRINTING FORMS |
DE2362843A1 (en) * | 1972-12-20 | 1974-12-05 | Dainippon Screen Mfg | METHOD OF DISPLAYING AN IMAGE ON A CONFIRMATION CARD OR THE SAME AND IMAGE CARRIER IN THE FORM OF A CONFIRMATION CARD OR THE SAME |
DE2741953A1 (en) * | 1977-09-17 | 1979-03-29 | Hell Rudolf Dr Ing Gmbh | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SCREENED PRINTING FORMS |
EP0038513A2 (en) * | 1980-04-23 | 1981-10-28 | The Gerber Scientific Instrument Company | Method and system to depict a picture of an object |
FR2532443A1 (en) * | 1982-08-24 | 1984-03-02 | Delta Productique | DIGITAL ENGRAVING METHOD, IMPLEMENTATION DEVICE AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED |
US4612584A (en) * | 1983-06-03 | 1986-09-16 | Gravure Research Institute, Inc. | Screen gravure engraving system for electromechanical engravers |
DE3390498C2 (en) * | 1983-06-03 | 1993-04-15 | Hell Ag Linotype | Process for scanning raster templates for obtaining signals for gravure engraving |
DE3613013A1 (en) * | 1986-04-17 | 1987-10-22 | Siemens Ag | Process for engraving graphic elements in surfaces of objects by means of a laser inscription device |
DE3912663C2 (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 1991-08-08 | Engel Steinbearbeitungsmaschinen Gmbh, 3003 Ronnenberg, De | |
DE3914059C2 (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1992-09-03 | Rolf Dipl.-Ing. 3400 Goettingen De Wissner | |
US5327167A (en) * | 1990-04-26 | 1994-07-05 | Zed Instruments Limited | Printing cylinder engraving |
DE4142887A1 (en) * | 1990-12-24 | 1992-06-25 | Ms Servizi Informatici | ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR ENGRAVING SCREEN PRINTING PLATES AND SIMILAR BY LASER BEAM |
DE4334804A1 (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1994-04-21 | Ryszard Martin | Sand blast engraving tool, esp. for glass - forms narrow scanning sand jet for uniform engraving over entire character region |
EP0612182A2 (en) * | 1993-02-18 | 1994-08-24 | Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Pixel and data format conversion processor for gravure |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Derwent Abstract Ref. SU 1738686 A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19952598C1 (en) * | 1999-11-02 | 2000-10-19 | Hans Hnatek | Engraving the surfaces of confectionery uses a computer-controlled single-lip cutter which follows the surface height contours using stored patterns as pixels or vector graphics |
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