DE19651364A1 - Device for improving mains compatibility of wind-power plants with asynchronous generators - Google Patents
Device for improving mains compatibility of wind-power plants with asynchronous generatorsInfo
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- DE19651364A1 DE19651364A1 DE19651364A DE19651364A DE19651364A1 DE 19651364 A1 DE19651364 A1 DE 19651364A1 DE 19651364 A DE19651364 A DE 19651364A DE 19651364 A DE19651364 A DE 19651364A DE 19651364 A1 DE19651364 A1 DE 19651364A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000863814 Thyris Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
- H02P9/102—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for limiting effects of transients
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
- F03D9/12—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing kinetic energy, e.g. using flywheels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
- F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
- H02P2101/15—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Gemäß des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 bezieht sich die vorlie gende Erfindung auf eine Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung der Netz verträglichkeit von Windkraftanlagen mit Asynchrongeneratoren, die an ein Stromversorgungsnetz angeschlossen sind.According to the preamble of claim 1 relates to the Invention on a device for improving the network compatibility of wind turbines with asynchronous generators, connected to a power supply network.
Windenergieanlagen, die an ein Stromversorgungsnetz gekoppelt sind, sind im Stand der Technik wohlbekannt. Problematisch an diesen netzgekoppelten Windkraftanlagen ist die Tatsache, daß die elektrischen Schwankungen einer derartigen Windkraftanlage verhältnismäßig groß sind, da Schwankungen der Windkraft sich direkt auf die Leistungsabgabe der Asynchrongeneratoren aus wirkt. Wind turbines coupled to a power grid are well known in the art. Problematic these grid-connected wind turbines is the fact that the electrical fluctuations of such a wind turbine are relatively large, since fluctuations in wind power directly on the output of the asynchronous generators works.
Ein anderes Problem stellt die Wechselwirkung von untereinander gekoppelten Windkraftanlagen dar. Ein wesentlicher Auslöser der artiger Störungen ist der sogenannten Turmstaueffekt, d. h. daß eine Leistungsschwankung entsteht, wenn das Rotorblatt einer Windkraftanlage im Turmbereich eine Zone verringerter Windge schwindigkeit durchquert. Beim Synchronlaufüberlagern sich die Schwankungen der einzelnen Anlagen im gemeinsamen Netzeinspeise punkt zu einer maximalen Spannungsschwankung, die zu einem er heblichen Flicker führt. Die Wechselwirkung zwischen den Wind kraftanlagen erfolgt über die aus den Leistungsschwankungen re sultierenden Spannungsschwankungen.Another problem is the interaction between each other coupled wind turbines. A major trigger of the like disturbances is the so-called tower congestion effect, d. H. that a power fluctuation arises when the rotor blade is one Wind turbine in the tower area a zone of reduced wind crosses speed. With synchronous operation, the Fluctuations of the individual plants in the common network feed point to a maximum voltage fluctuation, which leads to an er leading flicker. The interaction between the wind Power plants take place on the basis of the fluctuations in performance resulting voltage fluctuations.
Der Betrieb einer Windkraftanlage am Netz ist dann zulässig, wenn bestimmte Grenzwerte der Spannungsschwankungen nicht über schritten werden. Die Spannungsänderungen ΔU müssen ≦ 3% sein, und der Langzeitflicker At ist ≦ 0,1 zu halten.The operation of a wind turbine on the grid is permitted if certain limit values of the voltage fluctuations are not exceeded. The voltage changes ΔU must be ≦ 3%, and the long-term flicker A t must be kept ≦ 0.1.
Ein- und Ausschaltvorgänge führen ebenfalls zu Spannungsänderun gen. Drehzahlvariable Windkraftanlagen haben netzgeführte Fre quenzumrichter, die für Oberschwingungen verantwortlich sein können. Diese wirken sich störend auf andere Verbraucher aus und erzeugen zusätzliche Verluste und Erwärmungen im Netz.Switching on and off also lead to voltage changes Speed variable wind turbines have network-controlled fre frequency converters that are responsible for harmonics can. These interfere with other consumers and generate additional losses and heating in the network.
Der Einschaltvorgang einer Windkraftanlage mit direkt netzgekop peltem Asynchrongenerator läuft üblicherweise wie folgt ab: Nach dem Einschaltsignal bleibt die Anlage zunächst noch eine gewisse Zeit, beispielsweise 1 Minute, in Ruheposition. Danach wird die Anlage ohne Netzkopplung vom Wind hochgefahren, bis die Syn chrondrehzahl erreicht ist. In diesem Moment schaltet ein Thyri storsteller den Generator auf das Netz, wobei der Thyristorstel ler den Einschaltstrom des Generators begrenzt. Nach einigen Se kunden wird der Thyristorsteller durch ein Netzschütz über brückt, so daß der Generator direkt am Netz liegt. Beim Auf schalten einer einzelnen Windkraftanlage ist ein verhältnismäßig großer Blindleistungsbedarf notwendig. Diese Blindleistung bela stet das Netz ebenfalls. Ähnliche Verhältnisse herrschen beim Aufschalten von Windkraftanlagen in einem sogenannten Windpark, bei dem eine Mehrzahl von Windkraftanlagen zusammengeschaltet sind.The start-up process of a wind turbine with a direct network link peltem asynchronous generator usually runs as follows: After The switch-on signal initially remains a certain amount Time, e.g. 1 minute, at rest. After that the System without grid connection started up by the wind until the syn chrome speed is reached. At that moment a thyri switches Storsteller the generator on the network, the thyristor It limits the inrush current of the generator. After a few seconds The thyristor controller becomes a customer through a line contactor bridges so that the generator is directly on the network. When opening switching a single wind turbine is a proportionate one large reactive power requirement necessary. Bela this reactive power the network also runs. Similar conditions prevail with Activation of wind turbines in a so-called wind farm, in which a plurality of wind turbines interconnected are.
Ein Thyristorsteller erzeugt durch die Phasenanschnittsteuerung Oberschwingungen höherer Ordnung. Die langwelligen Leistungs schwankungen, die ebenfalls auftreten, werden durch eine Vielzahl von Parametern erzeugt, die an dieser Stelle nicht näher erläutert werden.A thyristor controller generates by the phase control Higher order harmonics. The long-wave power fluctuations that also occur are caused by a Plenty of parameters generated that are not at this point are explained in more detail.
Der Gesamtkomplex dieser oben aufgezeigten Probleme birgt eine Menge zu lösender Einzelaufgaben, die durch die Vielzahl der Windkraftanlagen und die Leistungssteigerung in den Megawattbe reich besonders relevant erscheinen. Um die vorhandene Aufnahme fähigkeit der EVU-Netze weitmöglichst auszunutzen, ist daher eine Verbesserung der Netzverträglichkeit der Windkraftanlagen wünschenswert. Viele Windkraftanlagen, die bereits an das EVU- Netz direkt gekoppelt sind, haben zwar den Vorteil, daß sie ro buste Generatoren sowie einfache Steuerschränke und oberwellen freie Netzströme erzeugen und darüber hinaus einfach und kosten günstig sind, weisen jedoch durch die starre Netzkopplung erheb liche Netzflicker-Rückwirkungen je nach Rotordrehzahl zwischen 1 bis 2 Hz auf. Dieser Effekt tritt besonders bei großen Wind kraftanlagen auf und führt dazu, daß nur wenige Windkraftanlagen an ein vorhandenes EVU-Netz angeschlossen werden dürfen.The overall complex of these problems outlined above harbors one Quantity of individual tasks to be solved, due to the multitude of Wind turbines and the increase in output in the megawatts seem particularly relevant. To the existing recording It is therefore essential to make full use of the power grid's ability an improvement in the grid compatibility of wind turbines desirable. Many wind turbines that have already been Network are coupled directly have the advantage that they ro bust generators as well as simple control cabinets and harmonics generate free grid currents and, moreover, simple and cost-effective are inexpensive, but have a considerable impact due to the rigid network coupling network flicker effects depending on the rotor speed between 1 up to 2 Hz. This effect occurs especially in large winds power plants and leads to the fact that only a few wind turbines may be connected to an existing utility grid.
Daher ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Vorrich tung bereitzustellen, die in der Lage ist, die Netzverträglich keit mindestens einer Windkraftanlage mit einfachen kostengün stigen Mitteln zu verbessern.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a device device that is capable of being network compatible at least one wind turbine with simple, cost-effective other means to improve.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäße durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Hauptanspruchs gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing Features of the main claim solved.
Danach ist die erfindungsgemäße Windkraftanlage mit einem vom Wind getriebenen Rotor, der mechanisch mit einem Asynchrongene rator gekoppelt ist, der an ein öffentliches Stromversorgungs netz angeschlossen ist, gekennzeichnet durch einenrechnerge steuerten Umrichter mit einem Gleichstromzwischenkreis und einem Zwischenspeicher, der kurzfristige, vom Leistungsmittelwert ab weichende positive Leistungsschwankungen aufnimmt und zeitver setzt wieder abgibt.Thereafter, the wind turbine according to the invention with a Wind-driven rotor that mechanically with an asynchronous gene rator is coupled to a public power supply is connected to the network, characterized by a computer controlled inverters with one DC link and one Buffer, the short-term, from the average power absorbing deviating positive fluctuations in performance and time continues releasing.
Die Methode, nach der diese Windkraftanlage zur Verbesserung der Netzverträglichkeit mit Asynchrongeneratoren bei Zuschaltung an das öffentliche Stromversorgungsnetz arbeitet, zeichnet sich da durch aus, daß eine elektronisch gesteuerte Einrichtung die kurzfristigen, vom Mittelwert abweichenden positiven Leistungs schwankungen aufnimmt und zeitversetzt wieder abgibt.The method by which this wind turbine improves the Grid compatibility with asynchronous generators when connected the public electricity grid is working from that an electronically controlled device short-term positive performance deviating from the mean absorbs fluctuations and releases them at a later time.
Ein Grundgedanke dieser Erfindung ist es, die Netzverträglich keit eines Asynchrongenerators dadurch zu verbessern, daß ein Zwischenspeicher vom Mittelwert überschüssige Leistung aufnimmt und zu einem passenden Zeitpunkt später wieder abgibt. Dadurch wird die Leistungsabgabe gelättet und der Flickerwert ernied rigt. Für den Fall, daß lediglich die Energie der Leistungs schwankungen aufgenommen werden soll, reicht ein Speicher aus, der beispielsweise 10% der Nennleistung bei einer Speicherdauer von maximal einigen Sekunden aufweist. Um Leistungsspitzen bei auftretenden Schaltvorgängen bei geladenem Zwischenspeicher zu verhindern, wird die überschüssige Energie dann in Wärme umge setzt.A basic idea of this invention is to make the network compatible speed of an asynchronous generator to improve that a Intermediate memory takes up excess power and returns later at a suitable time. Thereby the output is smoothed and the flicker value is lowered rigt. In the event that only the energy of the power a fluctuation is sufficient, a memory is sufficient, which, for example, 10% of the nominal power for a storage period of a few seconds at most. To peak performance at switching operations occurring when the buffer is loaded prevent, the excess energy is then converted into heat puts.
Die Steuerung besteht vorzugsweise aus einem rechnergesteuerten Umrichter mit einem Gleichstromzwischenkreis, in dem Spulen bzw. Kondensatoren oder andere Speichermittel als Zwischenspeicher eingesetzt werden können. Die Energieableitung kurzfristiger Leistungsspitzen höherer Ordnung werden mittels eines passiven Bauelements abgeleitet, wobei das Bauelement als Heizelement ausgebildet sein kann.The controller preferably consists of a computer-controlled one Converter with a DC link in which coils or Capacitors or other storage means as temporary storage can be used. The energy dissipation in the short term Power peaks of higher order are determined by means of a passive Component derived, the component as a heating element can be trained.
Vorteilhafterweise ist der Umrichter ein Wechselrichter, mit einem Gleichstromzwischenkreis, das heißt, daß der Wechselstrom in Gleichstrom und anschließend wieder in Wechselstrom umgerich tet wird. Derartige Umrichter sind kommerziell Stand der Tech nik.The converter is advantageously an inverter with a DC link, that is, the AC converted into direct current and then again into alternating current is tested. Such converters are commercially state of the art nik.
Weitere erfindungswesentliche Merkmale sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further features essential to the invention are the subclaims refer to.
Im nun folgenden wird die vorliegende Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen im einzelnen näher erläutert. Es zeigt:In the following the present invention is based on Drawings explained in more detail. It shows:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Prinzipschaltung der gesamten Wind kraftanlage (1); Figure 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of the entire wind power plant ( 1 ).
Fig. 2 ein Zeit-Leistungsdiagramm, bei dem eine Schaltspitze (8) auftritt; Fig. 2 is a time-performance diagram in which a switching peak ( 8 ) occurs;
Fig. 3 ein Zeit-Leistungsdiagramm, bei dem eine Leistungsspitze (8') über der maximal zulässigen Leistung (Pmax) auf tritt. Fig. 3 is a time-performance diagram in which a power peak ( 8 ') occurs above the maximum allowable power (P max ).
Die Fig. 1 zeigt eine Prinzipschaltung der gesamten Windkraftan lage 1. Die Windkraftanlage 1 weist einen Rotor 2 auf, dessen Rotorblätter (hier drei) je nach Windrichtung und Windstärke verstellbar sind. Die Rotorebene kann dabei vertikal oder hori zontal liegen. Kraftschlüssig mit dem Rotor 2 ist ein Asynchron generator 3 verbunden, der eine abzugebende elektrische Leistung erzeugt. Diese elektrische Leistung wird in das öffentliche Netz 5 bei Bedarf eingespeist, das im allgemeinen die Phasen R, S, T aufweist. Diesem öffentlichen Netz 5 ist die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung 4 parallelgeschaltet, die eine Mehrzahl von Schal tern 11, 12, 13 beinhaltet. In dieser elektronisch gesteuerten Einrichtung 4 befindet sich ebenfalls ein kommerziell erhältli cher Umrichter, der Wechselstrom über einen Gleichstromkreis in Wechselstrom wandelt. Da dieser Umrichter nicht Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist, wird er an dieser Stelle nicht näher beschrieben. Zu der elektronisch gesteuerten Einrichtung 4 ge hört als Kernstück ein Zwischenspeicher 7, der kurzfristige, vom Mittelwert abweichende positive Leistungsschwankungen aufnimmt und sie mittels elektronisch gesteuerter Schalter 11, 12, 13 zeitversetzt wieder abgibt. Der zeitliche Abstand wird durch die elektronische Steuerung geregelt. Für den Fall, daß die maximal zulässige Leistungsabgabe der Windkraftanlage 1 erreicht ist, wird die gespeicherte Energie im Speicher 7 über einen Schalter 12 und ein passives Bauelement 10 abgeleitet. Dieses passive Bauelement 10 kann beispielsweise ein Heizelement, d. h. ein ohm scher Widerstand. Fig. 1 shows a basic circuit of the entire Windkraftan position 1. The wind turbine 1 has a rotor 2 , the rotor blades (here three) are adjustable depending on the wind direction and wind strength. The rotor plane can be vertical or horizontal. An asynchronous generator 3 is connected to the rotor 2 in a force-locking manner and generates an electrical power to be output. This electrical power is fed into the public grid 5 as required, which generally has the phases R, S, T. This public network 5 , the device 4 according to the invention is connected in parallel, which includes a plurality of scarfers 11 , 12 , 13 . In this electronically controlled device 4 there is also a commercially available converter which converts alternating current into alternating current via a direct current circuit. Since this converter is not the subject of the present invention, it is not described in more detail here. At the heart of the electronically controlled device 4 is a buffer memory 7 , which absorbs short-term positive power fluctuations deviating from the mean value and outputs them again with a time delay by means of electronically controlled switches 11 , 12 , 13 . The time interval is regulated by the electronic control. In the event that the maximum permissible power output of the wind turbine 1 is reached, the stored energy in the store 7 is derived via a switch 12 and a passive component 10 . This passive component 10 can, for example, be a heating element, ie an ohmic resistance.
Als Zwischenspeicher 7 kommen verschiedene Speichermittel in Frage, beispielsweise eine Spule ausreichender Induktivität (L) oder ein Kondensator mit ausreichender Kapazität (C). Denkbar ist auch eine mechanische Energiespeicherung mittels eines Schwungrades oder dergleichen.Various storage means come into question as buffer 7 , for example a coil of sufficient inductance (L) or a capacitor with sufficient capacitance (C). Mechanical energy storage by means of a flywheel or the like is also conceivable.
In Fig. 2 ist ein Zeit-Leistungsdiagramm P(t) gezeigt, in dem Schwankungen vom Leistungsmittelwert eingetragen sind. Im vorde ren Teil des Diagramms sind regelmäßige Leistungsschwankungen eingezeichnet, die primär beim Flügeldurchgang durch den Turm schatten erzeugt werden. Die Frequenz derartiger regelmäßiger Schwankungen liegt zwischen 1 bis 3 Hz. Unabhängig davon treten bei verschiedenen Schaltvorgängen unkontrollierte Schaltspitzen 8 auf, die sich störend auf die Netzverträglichkeit der Wind kraftanlage 1 auswirken, wie dies weiter oben bereits erwähnt wurde. Diese Spannungsspitzen 8 dürfen grundsätzlich einen in den DIN-Vorschriften festgelegten Grenzwert von ca. 3% nicht überschreiten. Diese Schaltspitzen 8 können mittels eines erfin dungsgemäßen Zwischenspeichers 7 aufgefangen werden, um damit eine relative Glättung der eingespeisten Leistung zu erzielen, wodurch die Netzverträglichkeit erheblich verbessert wird.In Fig. 2 is a timing diagram of power P (t) is shown registered in the fluctuations from the average power value. In the front part of the diagram, regular fluctuations in performance are shown, which are primarily generated when the wing passes through the shadow of the tower. The frequency of such regular fluctuations is between 1 to 3 Hz. Regardless of this, uncontrolled switching peaks 8 occur in various switching operations, which have a disruptive effect on the network compatibility of the wind power plant 1 , as has already been mentioned above. These voltage peaks 8 must in principle not exceed a limit value of approximately 3% specified in the DIN regulations. These switching peaks 8 can be absorbed by means of a buffer 7 according to the invention, in order to achieve a relative smoothing of the power fed in, as a result of which the grid compatibility is considerably improved.
In Fig. 3 ist ein Zeit-Leistungsdiagramm dargestellt, in dem als Grenzwert die maximal einzuspeisende Leistung Pmax parallel zur Zeitachse (t) verläuft. Für den Fall, daß die maximale zulässige Einspeiseleistung (Pmax) überschritten wird, ist es Aufgabe der elektronischen Steuereinrichtung 4 die überschüssige Leistung 8' über ein passives Bauelement 10 abzuleiten, indem der Schalter 12 geschlossen wird. In Fig. 3 is a time-performance chart is shown in which runs as limit the maximum power P max to be fed parallel to the time axis (t). In the event that the maximum permissible feed-in power (P max ) is exceeded, it is the task of the electronic control device 4 to derive the excess power 8 'via a passive component 10 by closing the switch 12 .
Die vorliegende Erfindung dient also dazu, Leistungs- bzw. Span nungsspitzen, die während der Schaltvorgänge im Netz auftreten, zu vermindern, um damit die Netzverträglichkeit von Windkraftan lagen oder auch anderen Stromerzeugungsanlagen wie beispiels weise photovolatische Erzeugerquellen zu verbessern.The present invention thus serves to achieve power or chip voltage peaks that occur during switching operations in the network to reduce the grid compatibility of wind power were or other power generation plants such as wise to improve photovoltaic generation sources.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19651364A DE19651364A1 (en) | 1996-12-10 | 1996-12-10 | Device for improving mains compatibility of wind-power plants with asynchronous generators |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19651364A DE19651364A1 (en) | 1996-12-10 | 1996-12-10 | Device for improving mains compatibility of wind-power plants with asynchronous generators |
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DE19651364A1 true DE19651364A1 (en) | 1998-06-25 |
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ID=7814283
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19651364A Ceased DE19651364A1 (en) | 1996-12-10 | 1996-12-10 | Device for improving mains compatibility of wind-power plants with asynchronous generators |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE19651364A1 (en) |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10033029A1 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2002-01-24 | Aloys Wobben | Emergency power supply |
DE10105892A1 (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2002-09-12 | Daimlerchrysler Rail Systems | Wind power plant and method for operating it has overvoltage limiter during momentary interruption in power supply |
DE10119624A1 (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2002-11-21 | Aloys Wobben | Operating wind energy plant involves regulating power delivered from generator to electrical load, especially of electrical network, depending on current delivered to the load |
DE10145347A1 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-04-03 | Abb Research Ltd | Wind park |
DE10320087A1 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2004-12-16 | Aloys Wobben | Process for operating a wind park consisting of a number of wind energy plants comprises controlling the operations of each plant until the net electrical power is supplied up to a predetermined maximum value |
DE10338127A1 (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2005-03-17 | Repower Systems Ag | Wind turbine with a rotor |
DE10335575A1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-03-17 | Siemens Ag | Emergency operating device for wind power system with adjustable rotor blades has energy storage device that can be used for to supply energy to electric motor and that can be charged up by current converter |
EP1557925A2 (en) | 2004-01-24 | 2005-07-27 | Semikron Elektronik GmbH Patentabteilung | Power converter apparatus and related driving method for generators with dynamically varying output power |
DE102004007461A1 (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2005-09-01 | Helgers Finanzberatung Gmbh | Method for operating a wind turbine, and accordingly configured wind turbine |
EP1752660A1 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2007-02-14 | General Electric Company | Wind turbine over-voltage protection |
WO2007132303A1 (en) * | 2006-05-13 | 2007-11-22 | Clipper Windpower Technology, Inc. | Wind turbine system with ac servo motor rotor blade pitch control, using super-capacitor energy storage |
WO2007144146A1 (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2007-12-21 | Repower Systems Ag | Wind energy installation with an autonomous energy supply for a blade adjustment device |
EP1921738A2 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2008-05-14 | REpower Systems AG | Method and device to control a dc-ac converter, particularly for a wind energy plant |
WO2008095988A1 (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2008-08-14 | Semplice Energy Limited | A grid-tie |
WO2010077145A1 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-07-08 | Smartmotor As | Method for operation of a permanent magnet synchronous machine, and a device in an electric system comprising such a machine |
DE102018107229A1 (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2019-10-02 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Method for operating a pumped storage power plant |
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DE2853207A1 (en) * | 1978-12-08 | 1980-06-26 | Siemens Ag | Short time emergency supply for frequency converter system - uses single synchronous machine with flywheel as energy store |
EP0666632A1 (en) * | 1994-02-04 | 1995-08-09 | Schlumberger Industries S.A. | Active filter |
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1996
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Patent Citations (2)
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DE2853207A1 (en) * | 1978-12-08 | 1980-06-26 | Siemens Ag | Short time emergency supply for frequency converter system - uses single synchronous machine with flywheel as energy store |
EP0666632A1 (en) * | 1994-02-04 | 1995-08-09 | Schlumberger Industries S.A. | Active filter |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Fiß, H.J. Wiedemann, W., Weck, K.H., Weinel, F.: Netzrückwirkungen und Netzanbindung von Windenerieanlagen, In: Elektrizitätswirtschaft, Jg. 91, 1992, S. 1424-1434 * |
Cited By (32)
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DE10033029B4 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2004-03-18 | Wobben, Aloys, Dipl.-Ing. | Emergency power supply |
DE10033029A1 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2002-01-24 | Aloys Wobben | Emergency power supply |
EP2259405A2 (en) | 2000-07-07 | 2010-12-08 | Aloys Wobben | Emergency power system |
DE10105892A1 (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2002-09-12 | Daimlerchrysler Rail Systems | Wind power plant and method for operating it has overvoltage limiter during momentary interruption in power supply |
US7462946B2 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2008-12-09 | Aloys Wobben | Method for operating a wind energy plant |
DE10119624A1 (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2002-11-21 | Aloys Wobben | Operating wind energy plant involves regulating power delivered from generator to electrical load, especially of electrical network, depending on current delivered to the load |
DE10145347A1 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-04-03 | Abb Research Ltd | Wind park |
DE10320087B4 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2005-04-28 | Aloys Wobben | Process for operating a wind park consisting of a number of wind energy plants comprises controlling the operations of each plant until the net electrical power is supplied up to a predetermined maximum value |
US9303625B2 (en) | 2003-05-05 | 2016-04-05 | Aloys Wobben | Operating method for a wind park |
US8108079B2 (en) | 2003-05-05 | 2012-01-31 | Aloys Wobben | Operating method for a wind park |
DE10320087A1 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2004-12-16 | Aloys Wobben | Process for operating a wind park consisting of a number of wind energy plants comprises controlling the operations of each plant until the net electrical power is supplied up to a predetermined maximum value |
DE10335575A1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-03-17 | Siemens Ag | Emergency operating device for wind power system with adjustable rotor blades has energy storage device that can be used for to supply energy to electric motor and that can be charged up by current converter |
DE10335575B4 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-10-06 | Siemens Ag | Emergency operating device for adjusting rotor blades for a wind turbine |
DE10338127C5 (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2015-08-06 | Senvion Se | Wind turbine with a rotor |
US7256509B2 (en) | 2003-08-15 | 2007-08-14 | Repower Systems Ag | Wind power plant comprising a rotor blade adjusting device |
DE10338127B4 (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2007-09-20 | Repower Systems Ag | Wind turbine with a rotor |
DE10338127A1 (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2005-03-17 | Repower Systems Ag | Wind turbine with a rotor |
EP1557925A3 (en) * | 2004-01-24 | 2008-05-14 | SEMIKRON Elektronik GmbH & Co. KG | Power converter apparatus and related driving method for generators with dynamically varying output power |
EP1557925A2 (en) | 2004-01-24 | 2005-07-27 | Semikron Elektronik GmbH Patentabteilung | Power converter apparatus and related driving method for generators with dynamically varying output power |
DE102004007461A1 (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2005-09-01 | Helgers Finanzberatung Gmbh | Method for operating a wind turbine, and accordingly configured wind turbine |
EP1752660A1 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2007-02-14 | General Electric Company | Wind turbine over-voltage protection |
CN1972055B (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2012-06-27 | 通用电气公司 | Wind turbine with over-voltage protection and operation method thereof |
US7471011B2 (en) | 2005-08-12 | 2008-12-30 | General Electric Company | Wind turbine over-voltage exposure |
WO2007132303A1 (en) * | 2006-05-13 | 2007-11-22 | Clipper Windpower Technology, Inc. | Wind turbine system with ac servo motor rotor blade pitch control, using super-capacitor energy storage |
WO2007144146A1 (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2007-12-21 | Repower Systems Ag | Wind energy installation with an autonomous energy supply for a blade adjustment device |
US8106525B2 (en) | 2006-06-12 | 2012-01-31 | Repower Systems Ag | Wind energy installation with an autonomous energy supply for a blade adjustment device |
EP1921738A3 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2009-10-28 | REpower Systems AG | Method and device to control a dc-ac converter, particularly for a wind energy plant |
DE102006053367A1 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2008-05-21 | Repower Systems Ag | Method and device for operating an inverter, in particular for wind energy installations |
EP1921738A2 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2008-05-14 | REpower Systems AG | Method and device to control a dc-ac converter, particularly for a wind energy plant |
WO2008095988A1 (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2008-08-14 | Semplice Energy Limited | A grid-tie |
WO2010077145A1 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-07-08 | Smartmotor As | Method for operation of a permanent magnet synchronous machine, and a device in an electric system comprising such a machine |
DE102018107229A1 (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2019-10-02 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Method for operating a pumped storage power plant |
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