DE10335575A1 - Emergency operating device for wind power system with adjustable rotor blades has energy storage device that can be used for to supply energy to electric motor and that can be charged up by current converter - Google Patents
Emergency operating device for wind power system with adjustable rotor blades has energy storage device that can be used for to supply energy to electric motor and that can be charged up by current converter Download PDFInfo
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- DE10335575A1 DE10335575A1 DE10335575A DE10335575A DE10335575A1 DE 10335575 A1 DE10335575 A1 DE 10335575A1 DE 10335575 A DE10335575 A DE 10335575A DE 10335575 A DE10335575 A DE 10335575A DE 10335575 A1 DE10335575 A1 DE 10335575A1
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- rotor blades
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- inverter
- electric motor
- energy storage
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
- F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
- F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
- F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
- F05B2260/76—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades the adjusting mechanism using auxiliary power sources
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
- F05B2270/1011—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n) to prevent overspeed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/107—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Notbetriebseinrichtung zur Verstellung von Rotorblättern für eine Windkraftanlage. Eine Windkraftanlage weist Rotorblätter auf, welche an einer Nabe einer Rotorwelle angeordnet sind und welche mit einem Generator verbunden sind. Die Stellung der Rotorblätter um ihre Längsachse ist durch einen Motor veränderbar.The The invention relates to an emergency operating device for the adjustment of rotor blades for a wind turbine. A wind turbine has rotor blades attached to a hub a rotor shaft are arranged and which are connected to a generator are. The position of the rotor blades around its longitudinal axis is changeable by a motor.
Moderne Windkraftanlagen in einem Leistungsbereich von ca. 500 kW mit bevorzugt horizontal ausgeführter Rotorwelle besitzen verstellbare Rotorblätter. Dadurch lässt sich die Angriffsfläche der Windgeschwindigkeit anpassen und eine annähernd konstante Leistung der Windkraftanlage einstellen. Windkraftanlagen dieser Art können somit noch bei vergleichsweise hohen Windgeschwindigkeiten betrieben werden. Bei Erreichen einer Grenzwindgeschwindigkeit, für die eine Windkraftanlage konstruktiv ausgelegt ist, ist es notwendig, die Leistung zu begrenzen. Auf diese Weise können Schäden an den Windkraftanlagen durch mechanische Überbelastungen vermieden werden.modern Wind turbines in a power range of about 500 kW with preferred horizontally executed Rotor shaft have adjustable rotor blades. This can be done the attack surface adjust the wind speed and an approximately constant power of Set wind turbine. Wind turbines of this kind can thus can still be operated at comparatively high wind speeds. Upon reaching a threshold wind speed for which a wind turbine constructively designed, it is necessary to limit the power. That way you can damage be avoided at the wind turbines by mechanical overloads.
Als weiterer mechanischer Belastungsfall einer Windkraftanlage ist der mögliche Wegfall der elektrischen Last durch den Hauptgenerator. Ursachen für diese Notsituation können beispielsweise der Ausfall des Stromnetzes, des Umrichters oder auch des Hauptgenerators selbst sein. Dadurch kann es zu einem sehr schnellen Hochlaufen der Rotorwelle durch das nun fehlende Gegenmoment des Hauptgenerators kommen. Eine mechanische Überbelastung der Windkraftanlage durch unzulässig hohe Drehzahlen wäre die Folge. Zur Vermeidung eines solchen Belastungsfalles werden üblicherweise die Rotorblätter oder auch nur eines in eine sog. „Fahnenstellung" verdreht. Vorteilhafter Weise werden alle Rotorblätter aus dem Wind ge dreht. Dabei wird entweder die Vorderkante oder die Hinterkante des Rotorblattprofils in den Wind verdreht, so dass kein antreibender Auftrieb mehr an dem Rotorblattprofil entstehen kann.When Another mechanical load case of a wind turbine is the possible Elimination of the electrical load by the main generator. causes for this Emergency situation can For example, the failure of the power grid, the inverter or be the main generator itself. This can make it a very fast Run - up of the rotor shaft by the now missing counter moment of the Main generator come. A mechanical overload of the wind turbine by inadmissible high speeds would be the episode. To avoid such a load case are usually the rotor blades or only one twisted into a so-called "flag position" Way all rotor blades Turned out of the wind. It is either the leading edge or the Trailing edge of the rotor blade profile twisted in the wind, leaving no more driving buoyancy arise on the rotor blade profile can.
Die Einrichtung zur Verstellung der Rotorblätter in die Fahnenstellung ist im technischen Sinne sicher auszuführen. Es ist folglich sicherzustellen, dass z.B. auch in der Notsituation eines Netzausfalls eine energetische Versorgung für die Verstellantriebe der Rotorblätter gewährleistet ist. Aus diesem Grund ist es bekannt, eine unabhängige Hilfsenergieeinrichtung in Form eines Akkumulators als Energiespeicher zu verwenden, der im Fehlerfall direkt mit den Stellmotoren der Stellantriebe verbunden wird. Bei Erreichen der Fahnenstellung werden z.B. die Stellantriebe über Endlagenschalter von dem Akkumulator getrennt.The Device for adjusting the rotor blades in the flag position is safe to carry out in the technical sense. It is therefore necessary to ensure that e.g. even in the emergency situation of a power failure an energetic Supply for the adjusting drives of the rotor blades guaranteed is. For this reason, it is known an independent auxiliary power device in the form of a rechargeable battery to use as energy storage, the in the event of a fault, connected directly to the servomotors of the actuators becomes. Upon reaching the feathering position, e.g. the actuators via limit switches disconnected from the accumulator.
In Notsituationen, wie z.B. im Ausfall der elektrischen Stromversorgung, ist also sicher zu stellen, dass die Position der Rotorblätter verstellbar ist. Dies ist beispielsweise auch dann notwendig, wenn zu starke Winde auf die Flügel einwirken. Der oder die Motoren zur Verstellung der Stellung der Rotorblätter der Windkraftanlage werden z.B. über einen Umrichter gespeist. Der Umrichter weist einen Gleichrichter, einen Zwischenkreis und einen Wechselrichter auf. Der Umrichter wird über ein elektrisches Stromversorgungsnetz gespeist. Für den Notbetrieb der Verstellung der Rotorblätter, der Windkraftanlage wird der Zwischenkreis des Umrichters durch einen Akkumulator wie z.B. einem Bleigelakkumulator gespeist. Hierdurch ist ein autarker netzunabhängiger Betrieb sichergestellt. Der Akkumulator ist durch ein Netzteil, welches einen Gleichrichter darstellt, ladbar. Dieses Ladenetzteil erhöht die Kosten für eine Windkraftanlage aber auch die Fehleranfälligkeit derselben, da jedes zusätzliche Teil der Windkraftanlage die Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit der gesamten Windkraftanlage erhöht. Nachteilig ist, dass für seltene Fehlerfälle bzw. Notsituationen ein Ladegerät für die unabhängige Energieversorgung also für den Energiespeicher mit den entsprechenden Kosten für die Beschaffung und Wartung bereitgestellt werden muss.In Emergency situations, such as in the absence of electrical power, So make sure that the position of the rotor blades is adjustable is. This is necessary, for example, if too strong Winds on the wings act. The one or more motors for adjusting the position of rotor blades of the wind turbine are e.g. above fed an inverter. The inverter has a rectifier, a DC link and an inverter. The inverter will over fed an electrical power grid. For emergency operation the adjustment of the rotor blades, the wind turbine is the DC link of the inverter through an accumulator such as e.g. powered by a lead gel accumulator. hereby is a self-sufficient network independent Operation ensured. The accumulator is powered by a power supply, which represents a rectifier, loadable. This charger elevated the price for a wind turbine but also the susceptibility of the same, since each additional Part of the wind turbine the probability of default of the entire Wind turbine increased. The disadvantage is that for rare errors or emergency situations a charger for the independent energy supply so for the Energy storage with the corresponding costs for procurement and maintenance must be provided.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Notbetriebseinrichtung zu schaffen durch welche die Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit der gesamten Windkraftanlage reduziert wird bzw. auch die Kosten für der Windkraftanlage reduziert werden.task The present invention is to provide an emergency operation device create by which the probability of failure of the entire wind turbine is reduced or also reduces the cost of the wind turbine become.
Dies gelingt durch eine Notbetriebseinrichtung mit den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 1. Die Unteransprüche 2 bis 6 sind Weiterbildungen der Notbetriebseinrichtung.This succeeds by an emergency operation device with the features after Claim 1. The dependent claims 2 to 6 are developments of the emergency operation device.
Die Aufgabe wird ferner bei einer Windkraftanlage mit den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 7 gelöst. Der Unteranspruch 8 betrifft eine Weiterbildung der Windkraftanlage.The Task is further in a wind turbine with the features solved according to claim 7. Of the Subclaim 8 relates to a development of the wind turbine.
Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Notbetriebseinrichtung für eine Windkraftanlage weist die Notbetriebseinrichtung einen Energiespeicher auf, wobei der Energiespeicher mittels eines Stromrichters aufladbar ist. Die Windkraftanlage weist einen Stromrichter zum Speisen eines Gleichspannungszwischenkreises auf. Dieser Stromrichter zum Speisen des Gleichspannungszwischenkreises ist in der Funktion eines Gleichrichters ein Teil eines Umrichters. Der Umrichter ist zur Speisung eines elektrischen Motors vorgesehen, welcher zur Verstellung der Rotorblattposition der Windkraftanlage vorgesehen ist. Der elektrische Motor ist vorteilhafter Weise ein Wechselstrommotor, insbesondere ein Drehstrommotor. Dieser ist im Vergleich zu einem Geleichstrommotor leichter, was Gewichtsvorteile bringt. Des Weiteren ist er gegenüber dem Gleichstrommotor weniger wartungsintensiv. Ein Umrichter weist also einen Gleichrichter, einen Spannungszwischenkreis und einen Wechselrichter auf. Erfindungsgemäß ist der Gleichrichter des Umrichters sowohl zur Speisung des Zwischenkreises im Umrichterbetrieb als auch zum Laden des Energiespeichers der Notbetriebseinrichtung vorsehbar. Somit ist es vermeidbar ein teu res Netzteil für das Laden von Akkumulatoren oder auch eines Kondensators, durch welchen im Notbetrieb der Zwischenkreis stützbar ist, einsetzen zu müssen, was auch die Anzahl der Fehlerquellen reduziert. Durch die Einsparung eines als Ladeeinrichtung verwendeten Netzteils, welches bedingt durch die Umgebungsbedingungen anfällig ist, ergibt sich ein geringerer Inspektions- und Wartungsaufwand, sowie auch eine Gewichtsersparnis. Diese Gewichtsersparnis ist insbesondere bezüglich der Windlast von Vorteil.In an emergency operating device according to the invention for a wind power plant, the emergency operating device has an energy store, wherein the energy store can be charged by means of a power converter. The wind turbine has a power converter for feeding a DC voltage intermediate circuit. This converter for feeding the DC link is in the function of a rectifier part of an inverter. The inverter is provided for feeding an electric motor, which is provided for adjusting the rotor blade position of the wind turbine. The electric motor is advantageously an AC motor, in particular a rotation current motor. This is lighter compared to a Geleichstrommotor, which brings weight advantages. Furthermore, it is less maintenance intensive compared to the DC motor. An inverter thus has a rectifier, a voltage intermediate circuit and an inverter. According to the invention, the rectifier of the converter can be provided both for supplying the intermediate circuit in converter operation and for charging the energy store of the emergency operating device. Thus, it is avoidable teu res power supply for charging accumulators or a capacitor through which in emergency mode, the DC link is sustainable to use, which also reduces the number of sources of error. By saving a power supply used as a charging device, which is prone due to the environmental conditions, results in a lower inspection and maintenance costs, as well as a weight saving. This weight saving is particularly advantageous in terms of wind load.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Energiespeichers ist dieser als Akkumulator bzw. als ein Kondensator ausführbar. Als Kondensator sind vorteilhafterweise Ultracaps einsetzbar, wobei diese auch als Superkondensatoren bzw. als Ultrakondensatoren bezeichnet werden. Der Kondensator ist beispielsweise ein einzelner Kondensator oder eine Kondensatorbatterie bzw. eine Kondensatorbank. Der Vorteil eines Kondensators und insbesondere eines Ultrakondensators ist es, dass dieser im Vergleich zum Akkumulator in einem größeren Temperaturbereich betreibbar ist. Des Weiteren ist der Kondensator gegenüber dem Akkumulator langlebiger, wartungsärmer und er weist keinen vergleichbaren Memoryeffekt auf.In an advantageous embodiment of the energy storage is this as accumulator or as a capacitor executable. As a capacitor Advantageously, Ultracaps used, these also as supercapacitors or referred to as ultracapacitors. The capacitor is For example, a single capacitor or a capacitor bank or a capacitor bank. The advantage of a capacitor and in particular an ultracapacitor is that this compared to the accumulator in a wider temperature range is operable. Furthermore, the capacitor is opposite to the Accumulator more durable, low maintenance and he has no comparable memory effect on.
In einer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltungen ist der Energiespeicher über einen Ladewiderstand ladbar. Der Ladewiderstand dient zur Strombegrenzung, wenn der Energiespeicher über den Zwischenkreis des Umrichters geladen wird.In an advantageous embodiments of the energy storage is over a Charging resistance loadable. The charging resistor is used to limit the current when the energy store over the DC link of the inverter is loaded.
Der Umrichter ist auch mit einem selbstgeführten Stromrichter als Gleichrichter ausführbar. In vorteilhafter Weise ist bei einer derartigen Ausführungsform der Ladewiderstand verzichtbar.Of the Inverter is also with a self-commutated power converter as a rectifier executable. Advantageously, in such an embodiment the charging resistance dispensable.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist der Ladewiderstand durch eine Parallelschaltung überbrückbar. Die Parallelschaltung weist beispielsweise eine Diode auf, wabei die Diode während des Ladevorgangs sperrt und während des Endladevorganges der elektrische Strom über die Diode fließt, so dass über den Ladewiderstand beim Endladevorgang kaum Spannung abfällt und Energie verloren geht.In a further advantageous embodiment is the charging resistor bridged by a parallel connection. The Parallel connection has, for example, a diode, wabei the Diode during the charging process locks and while of the discharge process, the electric current flows through the diode, so that over the Charging resistance during discharge hardly voltage drops and Energy is lost.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist der Energiespeicher vom Zwischenkreis trennbar. Die Trennung erfolgt beispielsweise mittels eines Schützes. Liegt Spannung am Umrichter an, kann über ein Schütz, welches als Schalter dient, die Ladung des Energiespeichers aktiviert werden. Damit ist sichergestellt, dass der Energiespeicher nicht dauernd einen Ladestrom zieht.In a further advantageous embodiment of the energy storage separable from the DC link. The separation takes place, for example by means of a contactor. If voltage is applied to the inverter, it can be switched off via a contactor, which serves as a switch. the charge of the energy storage can be activated. This ensures that the energy storage does not constantly draw a charging current.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist die Notbetriebseinrichtung zumindest eine Sicherung auf. Durch die Sicherung ist die Notbetriebseinrichtung vor zu hohen Strömen geschützt.In a further advantageous embodiment, the emergency operation device at least one backup. The backup is the emergency operation device against high currents protected.
Im folgenden soll anhand eines Beispieles die Dimensionierung einer Notbetriebseinrichtung beispielhaft skizziert werden. Die verwendeten Größen werden dabei nur beispielhaft genannt und beschränken nicht andere mögliche Dimensionierungen der Notbetriebseinrichtung. Der Umrichter weist beispielsweise eine Leistung von 15kW auf. Sind beim Umrichter beispielsweise schon doppelte Anschlüsse für den Zwischenkreis vorhanden, so können beispielsweise 4gmm große Anschlüsse den Lade- bzw. den Betriebsstrom im Notbetrieb führen. Ist als Energiespeicher beispielsweise ein Kondensator vorgesehen, so berechnet sich der Energieinhalt des Kondensators bei Bemessungsspannung wie folgt: In the following, the dimensioning of an emergency operating device will be outlined by way of example on the basis of an example. The variables used are given by way of example only and do not limit other possible dimensions of the emergency operation device. The inverter has, for example, a power of 15kW. If, for example, the converter already has duplicate connections for the DC link, 4gmm connections, for example, can carry the charging or operating current in emergency mode. If, for example, a capacitor is provided as the energy store, the energy content of the capacitor at the rated voltage is calculated as follows:
Mit C = 1F, U = 620 V folgt W = 192,2 kWsWith C = 1F, U = 620 V follows W = 192.2 kWs
Der Kondensator stützt den Zwischenkreis und kann folglich auch als Stützkondensator bezeichnet werden.Of the Capacitor supports the intermediate circuit and can therefore also be referred to as a backup capacitor.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist auch durch eine Windkraftanlage lösbar, welche eine Notbetriebseinrichtung nach einer der vorgenannten Ausbildungen aufweist. Die Windkraftanlage weist Rotorblätter auf, wobei die Rotorblätter mindestens mittels einer elektrischen Maschine verstellbar sind und die elektrische Maschine mittels eines Umrichters gespeist wird, wobei der Umrichter einen Gleichrichter, einen Zwischenkreis und einen Wechselrichter aufweist und die Notbetriebseinrichtung am Zwischenkreis angeschlossen ist.The The object of the invention is also solvable by a wind turbine, which an emergency operation device according to one of the aforementioned embodiments having. The wind turbine has rotor blades, the rotor blades at least are adjustable by means of an electric machine and the electric Machine is powered by an inverter, wherein the inverter a rectifier, a DC link and an inverter has and the emergency operation device connected to the DC link is.
Die Erfindung wird beispielhaft anhand der nachfolgenden Figuren näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:The The invention will be explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the following figures. there demonstrate:
Die
Darstellung gemäß
Der
Schalter
Der
Energiespeicher
Mittels
des Energiespeichers
Die Erweiterung des Zwischenkreises durch ein Kondensatormodul wird über die Vorladeschaltung des Umrichters, bzw. Einspeiseeinheit geladen.The Expansion of the DC link by a capacitor module is via the Precharge circuit of the inverter, or feed unit loaded.
Der
Umrichter
An einem Beispiel soll die Dimensionierung des Ladewiderstandes berechnet werden.At An example is the calculation of the loading resistance become.
Beim
Laden der Kondensatoren wird im Widerstand Rv
Die
Darstellung gemäß
Die
Nabe
Die
beiden Stellmotoren
Im
Normalbetrieb der Windkraftanlage werden die beiden Umrichter
Im
Fehlerfall erfolgt die Energieversorgung der elektrischen Motoren
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DE10335575A DE10335575B4 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2003-07-31 | Emergency operating device for adjusting rotor blades for a wind turbine |
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DE10335575A DE10335575B4 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2003-07-31 | Emergency operating device for adjusting rotor blades for a wind turbine |
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