DE1964238A1 - Improvements to thermal storage heaters - Google Patents

Description

Simplex Electric Company Limited, Creda Works Blythe Bridge, Stoke-on-Trent, England

Thermal storage heater improvements

This invention relates to heating systems or. Heating devices to which a heat accumulator or heat storage body belongs to an electrical heating device, but which are also assigned channels or passages through which the heat distribution liquid or heat distribution flow, i.e. the heat distribution liquid or the heat distribution flow can flow coming into contact with the heat accumulator or heat storage body. Such heaters or In the course of this patent application, heating systems are designated as heating devices or heating systems of the specified design designated.

It should be noted that the heat dissipation body or the heat distribution body can be designed so that in it one or more channels or passages can be incorporated through which the heat distribution fluid or heat dissipation flow can flow. The passage system for the heat dissipation fluid or flow but can alternatively also be arranged all around the heat storage or the heat storage body. In either of these cases, the flow of the heat dissipation fluid or heat distribution flow either by natural convection or by a fan or fan be brought about. The heat store or the heat storage body can be in a housing with an outlet opening or with several outlet openings or with a channel system, which the heat to the place or Has to transport station at which the delivery of the

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One of those periods of low consumption or consumption Times that are used consistently are the time of 11 p.m., hereinafter referred to as the night storage period until 7:00 a.m. In some cases there is also a second low consumption period or time, which is below The afternoon period is from 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.

Such space heating devices or space heating systems have in the buildings in which they are erected or installed are usually on for a much longer part of the base period, sometimes for the entire base period to give off heat to the room to be heated. For this reason it is necessary that during the periods of low consumption or times of low consumption, at least during one of these periods, for example during the night storage period, the heat accumulator or the heat storage body is charged or heated to a relatively high temperature. To the Control and regulation of the to the heat storage or heat storage body belonging electrical heating device, but also to limit the temperature which the heat accumulator or the heat storage body is heated (this temperature is commonly referred to as the control temperature) is usually in the heater a thermostat built in.

In many cases, the use of the room heating device results in very considerable amounts of time Changes in the requirements placed on a space heater. So must be on the one to be heated Room more heat is given off, "snn the air temperatures outside the building or the rooms in which the space heating device is used, are very cold; also then,

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if the buildings are continuous over the entire base period are used, a greater heat transfer to the room to be heated is required. At higher outside temperatures or when the buildings or rooms can only be used during a smaller part of the basic period the amount of heat to be given off can be reduced.

So far, the room heating devices in the thermostat are provided with a switching device, by means of which the Control temperature or the setpoint temperature, but also with that the amount of heat to be stored (the charge), accordingly can be reduced or increased depending on the operating conditions in each case.

This means that the highest control temperature (but also the highest heat charge) by the end of the night storage period in the case of heat storage or heat storage body), the charging must be carried out with this arrangement or construction (or the flow heat output of the electrical heating device) must be sufficiently large. This ensures that the heating device the worst operating conditions, for example lowest outside temperature and maximum Use of the buildings or rooms. This charge, charge speed or charge amount However, it is also used when the thermostat is set to control at a lower control temperature is (this then leads to the fact that the heat accumulator or heat storage body under less severe operating conditions is charged to a lower storage value at the end of the night storage period).

However, the operation of the electrical heating device or the use of the electrical heating device is a burden electrical connection network always with the highest consumption,

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albeit at different proportions of the night storage period. Actually could without affecting the performance of the heating device during the whole Basic period the level of consumption can be reduced when conditions exist which are not as severe as the harshest Conditions are.

This consideration is for the cases where during a second period, the afternoon storage period, a Storage or charging is carried out, even more importantly, This is because during this low-consumption period or time, the total load on the electrical connection network is greater than during the low-consumption night storage period.

Will continue to use thermostat settings that have a lower Provide control temperature as the maximum control temperature, (and thus also less heat storage in the heat storage system or in the heat storage body) then a current connection in full strength to the heating device will lead to that within the night storage period and before its end the control temperature is reached at different times will. In this way, however, the proportion of the time in which the heat storage device or the heat storage body has reached the control temperature and is kept at this control temperature by the thermostat, then greater if the control temperature is reduced.

This then has the effect that the operating period for the thermostat is longer, and that the constant heat losses from the housing of the heater because these heat losses are a function of the heat accumulator or are the temperature reached by the heat storage body. In order to

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it would be ideal if to reduce constant heat losses the control temperature at the end of the night storage period would be achieved.

As regards this invention, it is a space heater of the specified version, characterized in that a regulating device is functionally assigned to the electrical heating device. This control device has during a heat storage period the electricity heat output in the electric heater in a selective manner corresponding to a plurality of different values control and regulate.

The control temperature at which during a heat storage period the heat storage or the heat storage body is controlled or heated up, can by one Thermostats are determined, and it is preferably also determined by a thermostat, which is operative with the heat accumulator or the heat storage body is connected in such a way that it transfers the energy to the Heat storage or the heat storage body associated electrical heating device controls and regulates that a fixed and specified control temperature is reached.

In one of the embodiments of the subject matter of the invention, the one for heating up the heat accumulator or the heat storage body Serving electrical heating device consist of a number of electrical heating resistors, the control device, however, which their current heat output has to control and regulate, from a switching device, which the aforementioned heating resistors in a selective manner one between the terminals of the space heater lying Stroakkreis switches and each different Electricity heat emission values guaranteed.

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To this end, it would be within the scope of this invention to provide an arrangement of heating resistors and a switching device to create with circuit switching of the heating resistors. With this arrangement remain in each switch position the switching device all heating resistors in operation, but then they each have between the terminals different or different resistance values, all heating resistors together.

In the preferred embodiment or arrangement, however, the heating resistors or several groups of these heating resistors are located between the respective switching contacts of the switching device and the input terminals or terminals in Line. In each switching position of the switching device there is a different or different combination of the The aforementioned contacts are closed in order to collectively or collectively achieve the required electricity consumption for all heating resistors to select.

In accordance with a further property or a further feature of this invention, a Raumbeheizuηgs- W device of the specified type is created, in which during a storage period the energization or upstream connection of the heating devices for the heat storage or the heat storage body is controlled and regulated by a thermostat, with At the beginning of the heat storage period or at the beginning of each of these heat storage periods, the first action or switching of the thermostat to switch off or to reduce the current flowing to the heating device is applied in such a way that during the remainder of this heat storage period the total current heat output of the heating device is also reduced.

With the term used here "first action or

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Switching "should be the first switching operation of the thermostat or an early switching or use of the thermostat after the first insertion or switching.

In an embodiment of the subject matter of the invention having this property or this feature of the invention, to belong to the heating device for the heat storage or the heat storage body several electrical heating resistors. Likewise this embodiment of the subject matter of the invention also includes an auxiliary switching device or an additional switching device, which is functionally or electrically connected to the heating resistors. This auxiliary switching device or an additional switching device can be set to a first (upper) switching position in which the aforementioned Heating resistors make a first (and stronger) current heat emission and a second (lower) switch position, at which of the heating resistors the current heat release is carried out in a second (and lower) strength. That Switching the auxiliary switching device or the additional switching device from the first switching position to the second The switch position is initiated by the thermostat during its first action or switching.

Now exist with such an arrangement or circuit the electrical heating devices for the heat storage or the heat storage body made of several electrical heating resistors, then these can be arranged individually or in groups between the input terminals of the heating device or connected between these input terminals, then the auxiliary switching device or the additional Switching device be assigned switch contacts, which in the Response to the first action or switching of the thermostat, all except for the selected number of heating resistors

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Switch off other heating resistors or disconnect them from the circuit between the input terminals, so that the Thermostat then only for the control and regulation of this selected number of heating resistors and their energization or power supply takes effect.

It should of course be noted that the two characteristics and features of this invention - the first characteristic or the first characteristic as well as the second characteristic or the second characteristic - in the case of a space heating device of the specified Execution, but especially for such a heating device, which in a very special way as a room heating device manufactured, constructed and designed and this either individually or in groups or in a combination.

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The features and objects of this invention can be better understood after reading the description given below and the drawings accompanying this patent application can be used as an aid. In detail is:

Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram relating to the circuit of a thermostat falling within the scope of this invention. This thermostat is designed for use in ■ a room heating device with heat storage or Heat storage body and for control and Control of the temperature of the heat accumulator or heat storage body belonging to this heating device,

Fig. 2 are characteristic curves showing the operating behavior of the heating device to which the circuit according to Fig. 1 belongs in comparison with the operation or performance of a conventional one Play back heater,

Fig. 7 is a graphical representation of the most likely settings of the heat storage control switch S ₁ (strength or extent of charging or heat storage). This graph is based on statistically evaluated seasonal weather conditions during a heating period of 220 days.

With Fig. 1 the circuit is shown which has to supply the electrical heating device belonging to a space heating device of a heat storage or a heat storage body during the periods of low consumption or during the periods of low consumption. To such a circuit or to such a circuit

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include a first in accordance with this invention Thermostat, which regulates the temperature of the heat storage tank or the heat storage body has to be determined and a Another thermostat, which is used as a shutdown device.

The space heating device may include a heat accumulator or heat storage body H which is conveniently molded or manufactured from any solid material. This heat storage or heat storage body is inserted into a housing (not shown here) which is provided with an inlet opening or with an air duct system for the passage of the air forming the heat distribution flow entering the housing. The air entering here then passes in thermal communication over the heat storage or heat storage body - this heat storage or heat storage body can also have air channels to flow through - and then flows out of the housing again into the room to be heated. Such an air flow can be caused or brought about by a fan housed in the housing. It should be noted that this type of W heater can be implemented as a free-standing device as well as a space heating system. As a free-standing device, the space heating device can be set up anywhere in the rooms to be heated; as a complete heating system, the heating device can be used to heat several rooms. In the heating device designed as a heating system, the air distribution system includes ducts which lead from a central housing, in which the heat accumulator or the heat storage body and the fan are housed, into the other rooms in order to supply them with warm air.

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To accommodate the electrical heating resistors, the Heat storage or the heat storage body also holes or channels. The electrical heating device is formed from the heating resistors, as follows will be described.

To reduce uncontrolled or constant heat loss, the heat storage or the heat storage body can be entirely or partially of a layer of heat insulating and be surrounded by padding material.

For the sake of the matter, it is better to start with the main circuits elements of the circuit to describe in more detail on their separate and mutually assigned Functions.

The circuit includes the two input terminals or terminals T ₁ and T ₂ , which are connected to the voltage conductor and the neutral conductor of an electrical connection network with the interposition of a timer device (a clock-controlled timer) the current is only switched to these terminals during the low-consumption periods or the low-consumption periods .OO a.m. and 4.00 p.m.

The heating device for the heat store or the heat storage body is composed, for example, of a number of heating resistors R ^, R ₂ , R ₃ , which are evenly or almost evenly distributed and heat the heat store or the heat storage body.

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These heating resistors IL, R ₁ , R 3 can be designed as individual heating resistors or as heating resistor groups. In any case, they are always connected in parallel to one another. In the description that follows, these resistors R 1, R ₂ , R _{3 are} treated and described as individual resistors for the sake of simplicity.

In order to be able to switch on and operate the appropriate number of heating resistors R-, Rg, R ₃ under all given operating conditions, a manually operated charge level setting switch S- can be provided. This switch S- includes the contacts S-, S ^., S-, which are connected to the three branch lines or current lines "7 the ~~ via the three groups of resistors in series between the two i ^ - connecting terminals T. and T" are, belong.

The switch positions can be assigned to the switch S- that it is possible to close all three contacts, the contacts S- to S-., or only the contacts S- and S-., or even just Hen Kontakt S- alone. This allows the ~~ Heat storage or the transfer of energy to the heat storage or in the case of the heat storage body are brought about in each case by all heating resistors, or by the heating resistors R- and R ", or even just through the heating resistor R- alone.

The control temperature of the heat storage tank or the heat storage tank ungskörpers is determined by a thermostat TH-. The heat sensitive measuring element belonging to this thermostat or the heat sensor belonging to this thermostat, which is designed as a construction made of tube and rod is inserted at any suitable point in a recess in the heat accumulator or heat storage body, such a point is marked, for example, in the circuit diagram with a thermostat.

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The primary contacts S "belong to the thermostat. These contacts are normally closed but are opened by movement of an output element of the thermosensitive measuring device or sensor. The thermostat also includes the contacts S _{3 of} a current regulator, which are actuated cyclically. These normally closed contacts are actuated by a thermomotor device, the thermomotor device being heated by a heating device designed as a resistor R. which bridges the primary contacts S "and acts as a low-voltage circuit element.

The auxiliary contact S ₄ is also part of the thermostat. This auxiliary contact S ₄ is connected in series with the solenoid L, a contactor S _5. The normally open contacts or normally open contacts S _ga , S ₅ ^, S ₅₀ belong to this contactor S ₅ .

A second thermostat, which works as an on / off switch, but is otherwise identical to the TIL thermostat, is labeled TH ₃ . The contacts S_, S_, S _Q belonging to the second thermostat correspond in functional terms to the contacts S _{1 , S 3} , S _{4 of} the first thermostat TH 1, but become effective at different temperatures, as will be described below. The contacts S_, which form part of a current regulator, are actuated by a thermomotor device to which a heating device in the form of a resistor R _{5 is} assigned.

The contacts S "and Sg are actuated by a heat-sensitive measuring device or a heat sensor. This sensor, which is similar to the heat sensor of the thermostat TH _{1, is} inserted at any point in a recess of the heat accumulator or the heat storage body, which is marked in FIG. 1 with (cut-out recess).

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For protection against the adhesion or sticking of the contactor in the working position are in the current paths 60h, 60c which the heating resistors R ₀ and R _Q feed, the protective contacts S _n,

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S ₁₀ used, for example contacts with or for fuses.

Further properties and characteristics of the individual circuit elements as well as the way in which they work together can best be explained by the function or mode of operation is described.

First of all, it is assumed that the temperature of the heat accumulator or the heat accumulator body is below the control temperature or setpoint temperature (XC), which can assume a value in the range from 650.degree. C. to 750.degree. It is assumed that the switch S- has been manually switched to a position in which all contacts of this switch, the contacts S _la , Sj. , S _lc , are closed, so that the heat storage or "~ the heat storage body is heated to full power or full strength. This power is or can typically be 3 kilowatts for each of the three heating resistors R ₁ , R", Ro, so that in this case 9 kilowatts are connected.

It is also assumed that the timer - the clock-controlled switch - is used to switch on the mains voltage the terminals Tj, T "is closed and switched on.

The contacts S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₄ , Sg, S ₇ and S ^ are all closed, the switch-off _{contact S g} and the switch-off contact S-_ are also closed, the magnetic coil L. is used to close the contacts Sg _a , S ₅ . , S ₅ excited and connected to voltage. If these conditions exist, then the current flows through all heating resistors IL, R ", R ₃₁ and the temperature of the heat

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Memory or heat storage body H increases.

At the lowest temperature, typically (X ° - 50 ° C), the auxiliary contacts S. are activated by an output element the heat-sensitive ones belonging to the TH- thermostat Measuring device or the heat sensor belonging to the TH- thermostat opened.

After the contacts S., the auxiliary contacts S., are opened, the current can no longer flow via the _{current path that begins on the right-hand side of the resistor R 5} to the magnet coil L- and then on to the right-hand side of S ₅ , through the contacts S. ₄ and the coil L- to terminal T * "(neutral conductor). The current can, however, continue to reach the solenoid L- via a circuit beginning on the right-hand side of the contact S_, through these contacts S, through cTie closed contacts Sg, through the solenoid L- and then to the terminal T ". This state lasts as long as the contacts Sg and S_ remain closed.

The contacts S _5a , S ₅ remain as a result of the continued excitation of the magnetic coil L- or the further application of voltage to the magnetic coil L ₁ . , S_ in the closed position, so that the heat accumulator ocTer the heat storage body continues to be supplied with energy _{at full power or at full power via all three heating resistors R-, R ", R 3.}

If, after a further increase in temperature, the heat accumulator or the heat accumulator body has reached the control temperature, namely the temperature X °, then the contacts S _{2 are} opened because of the continued movement of the output element belonging to the heat-sensitive measuring device or the heat sensor of the thermostat TH-.

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Because the difference or the difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the outer parts and the inner parts of the heat-sensitive measuring device or the heat sensor is small, the contacts S ₂ open - if a material has been selected for this that can withstand the high temperature present in the heat storage or in the heat storage body - only at a slow speed. The resistor R ₄ which bridges these contacts is, however, designed in such a way that only a small voltage can develop across this resistor, which is typically 5 volts. The current interruption at the contacts S “can thus be carried out without difficulty.

Before the contacts S "are opened, a very small part of the current flowing from the terminal T- via the contacts S- and S-is passed through the resistor R. For practical reasons, this resistor remains cold and therefore does not heat up a bimetallic strip 25 executed thermomotor element. This bimetal strip is identified by the reference number 25 in FIG. 1. However, such a current flows through another part of the thermomotor device, namely through the compensation element, designed in the form of a bimetallic strip 26, to which one of the contacts S "is connected. This bimetal strip is heated in such a way that, as long as the contacts S _{3 are} closed, it increases the contact pressure _{between these contacts S 3.}

When the contacts S ₂ open, however, the entire current flows through the resistor R ₄ and then heats the bimetallic strip 25, which then opens _{the contacts S 3} to switch off the current flowing through the magnet coil L-. The interruption of the current flowing to the solenoid L- has the consequence that the contacts S _c , S_. , S_ and the one to the

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Heating resistors R- to R ₃ current flowing is interrupted and switched off.

After the contacts S _{3 have opened} , no more current flows through the compensation bimetal strip 26. This cools down and tries to bend in a direction which further enlarges or strengthens _{the opening between the contacts S 3.} For practical operation - this will be described below - a small ratio of the closing-opening time is selected _{for the contacts S 3.} This in turn has the consequence that when the contacts S ₃ are opened and closed in a cyclical manner, the average value of the current flowing through the compensation bimetallic element or through the compensation bimetallic strip 26 is low. The position assumed by the compensating bimetal strip in this context reduces the contact pressure between the contacts S ₃ (even when these contacts are closed), and this in comparison to that which was present when the contacts S during the previous operating phase _{3 were} continuously closed, and the current flowing through 26 was stronger and greater.

In a typical case, the thermal properties' I of the bimetallic strips 25 and 26 and the current heat dissipation in the resistor R _{4 are} selected such that a small opening / closing time ratio of preferably 1/20 (5%) or around this value for the contacts S ₃ around is reached. It is therefore the case that - and this will now be described below - a large amount of heat is supplied to the heat storage device or the heat storage device.

If the contacts S ₃ close again, then the current can again from the terminal T ^ via S-, via S ₃ , R ₄ , S ₇ , R ₅ , via the right contact of the contacts S " ₅ and via

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the heating resistor R ^ to the terminal T ₂ flow. However, because the contacts S _, - and S_ · remain open, no current can flow _{through the heating resistors R 1 and R 3.} The solenoid coil L ₁ cannot be excited or energized because the contacts S ₄ would have to be closed for this purpose. These contacts S ₄ only close when the temperature of the heat accumulator or the heat accumulator body drops to a value below (X - 50 ° C).

The existing closing-opening ratio of 1/20 (5%) with regard to the contacts S ₃ and the fact that the current can only flow through the heating resistors R- means that the current heat output in the heat storage or in the heat storage body is subject to constant heat loss lies. The temperature of the heat accumulator or heat storage body therefore drops. However, before a value would be reached at which the contacts S ₄ would close, a value is first reached, namely X ° and just below, at which the contacts S 1 would close. If this is the case, then an input of 3 kilowatts is continuously connected to the heating resistor R- to heat up the heat accumulator or the heat storage body, then the contacts S _{3 of} the P current regulator are no longer operated cyclically because the resistor R _{4 is} actually short-circuited .

In this way, however, the temperature of the heat accumulator or of the heat storage body rises again if this increase also occurs at a slower rate compared to the first temperature increase. This rise in temperature lasts until the contacts S ₂ open at ^{the control temperature X 0} C. At this point in time, the cyclical operation of the contacts S ₃₁ belonging to the current controller begins again, which starts a new control sequence, through which the average temperature of the heat storage or Warmth-

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storage body until the end of the low-consumption period on di

held at the value X ⁰ C, ie at the control temperature

It should be noted that the control and regulation of the current flowing to the heating resistors R- is only _{accomplished through the contacts S 2} and S ₃ , while the magnet of the contactor is continuously switched off to avoid the contactor hum.

It should be noted that it is possible with this type of function is to set the contacts S "in such a way that they open at a slow speed without being damaged can. Therefore, in response to a small movement or displacement of the thermometer associated with the thermometer Output element and work on a correspondingly small temperature difference, so that when the heat storage or the heat storage body once to the control temperature has been brought, it can only drop a few degrees at a time, typically 2 ° C below the normal temperature. the Possibility of insufficient storage heat - the timer should switch off shortly before the contacts S "close again - is therefore much lower than with a conventional system. With this last-mentioned system a higher interruption rate or shutdown rate is required when the thermostat comes into contact, and but with it also a larger movement or displacement of the heat-sensitive measuring device or the heat sensor belonging output element.

If, for whatever reason, the primary and slowly breaking contacts S ₂ do not open at the control temperature, then the second thermostat TH ", which is designed as a switch-off switch, begins to work. this happens

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either at the beginning or during the period between the first opening and the end of the storage time in which the contacts should normally open and close repeatedly, if at a much slower rate _{compared to the current regulator contacts S 3.}

For this purpose, the corresponding and slowly interrupting contact Sg, which is actuated by the heat-sensitive measuring device or the heat sensor of the thermostat, is designed in such a way that it is at a temperature slightly above the temperature of the contacts S ₃ , for example (X + 50 ⁰ C), opens. As a result, the heating resistor R- is then again excited or connected to voltage. This heating resistor causes the contacts S ₇ , which belong to the current regulator, to be opened by actuation of a thermomotor device. This thermomotive device can be designed as a bimetallic strip. The bimetallic strip can correspond to those strips which are built into the TH ₁ thermostat and which are marked with the reference numbers 25 and 26.

A locking device or a locking mechanism is assigned to the contacts S_ which, after opening, keeps these contacts open until this locking mechanism is released again by hand. During this period, the current regulator contacts S _{7 would} not work, so that the heat accumulator or the heat storage body gradually cools down.

The auxiliary contacts S "are also arranged and designed in such a way that they open at an even higher temperature, for example (X + 75 ° C.). These auxiliary _{contacts S ß} would then interrupt the power supply to the solenoid coil L ₁ if the contacts S ₃ and S ₇ do not open. This would then be the case

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if some of these contacts were defective, or if there is a fault in their actuating devices, if at one or two of the resistors R- would be open circuit (where R- for a group of for example three resistors).

The manually operated switch S ^ enables the charging strength, ie the current heat output by the heating resistors R-, R ₂ , R _{3 to be selected} during the charging period or the storage period, which in turn avoids unnecessarily high loads on the power supply network in mild weather . This also applies to other conditions or circumstances under which the heat output required by the heat storage or the heat storage body decreases during a certain consumption period. Furthermore, after reaching the control temperature, the maximum current connection, which can take place during a charging period or storage period, is limited to the current connection at the heating resistor R-, which in turn reduces the load on the connection.

In FIG. 2, the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device or in the heat storage body at any point in time is shown as the ordinate plotted against time as the abscissa.

For comparison with a conventional electrical heat storage heating device, it has been assumed that when all heating resistors R- to R _{3 are used,} the strength of the heat storage, ie the current heat output, is equal to the specified storage strength in a conventional or conventional heating device Setting the thermostat belonging to the last-mentioned heating device to the highest value for the heat storage is set a temperature which is equal to that of the

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Healing device described here used in the temperature Range from 650 ° C to 750 ° C.

In a conventional heat storage heater, the holder can vary the size of the control temperature so that the heat accumulator or the heat storage body during the night storage period charges to different values. This is done with the characteristics H2, M2 and L2 for a charge or high, medium, and low value storage are reproduced.

It should be noted that after the end of the night storage period, after the heating device has been set for the heat dissipation to the rooms to be heated, the Residual charges in the heat storage or in the heat storage body, as shown in the corresponding parts of the characteristic curves H2, M2 and L2 emerge, for decreasing outside temperatures drop with decreasing strengths. The one for heat dissipation the typical period is the time between 7:00 a.m. and 11:00 p.m. at Using the "COLD" setting this would typically be 30 ° F, with the "Moderate" setting, setting M2, 40 ° found with the setting L2 "MILD" 50 ° F.

It should be noted that it is during the night storage period for the characteristics H2, M2, L2 there is a common part, while the amount of stored heat on the set value increases. The switching period that then follows, when it falls below the set value, is for the characteristic H2 the shortest and for the characteristic curve L2 the longest. Such a drop below the set value is therefore a noticeable size, because contacts must be provided in the thermostat, which, as already mentioned, are below these Interrupt conditions exactly at the actuation temperature difference have to.

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During the afternoon storage period - from the beginning on and until the thermostat is switched on for the first time - because of the fact that the heat accumulator requires a heat release the rise in stored temperature will be less than during the early stages of the night storage period. For this reason, the approximate rise or the slope of the parts of the characteristic curves is L2, M2, H2 during the afternoon peak hedging period the difference or the difference during the rise of the first part of these characteristics in the Night storage period and between the descending part of the characteristic curves during the heat release period in time between 7:00 a.m. and 11:00 p.m.

It should be noted that in the case of the characteristic curve L2, the heat accumulator or the heat accumulating body has the predetermined low storage value in a fraction of that for the afternoon storage period available time reached. Then it comes through acting or through that Switching the thermostat to a cyclical behavior so that the power consumption for L2 is typically 17.5 KWH, and this compared to 27 KWH for M2 and H2.

With the setting switch S ^ of the embodiment of the subject of the invention to be described now, the setting "COLD", "TEMPERATURE" and "MILD" can be achieved by changing the charging strength or the storage strength during the storage period with regard to the heat accumulator or the heat storage body . With this, however, the rise in the characteristics Hl, Ml, Ll, as can be seen from the night storage period, becomes smaller. With the three switching positions of the switch S., either all three contacts S ₁ to S- are closed, or only the two contacts S ₁ and S ₁ . oTTer even only the contact S- alone.

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Due to the use of the slowly opening contacts S ₂ , which work with only a small temperature difference, the drop in the storage value below the set value is noticeably smaller than with the characteristic curve H2. For this reason, the possibility that a part of the memory value, for which the heating device is nominally set by the actuation of the timer device, is lost considerably less or is essentially even avoided.

The negative rise in the parts of the characteristic curve Hl, Ml, Ll during the period from 7:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. is shown as an equivalent of the characteristic curves H2, M2, L2 if in in practice there will also be a slight difference, because the two last-mentioned characteristic curves are different Temperature values.

Also during the afternoon storage period, the strength of the charge or storage of those during the Corresponding night storage period, reduced by the amount of the heat dissipation taking place at the same time.

It should be noted that for the settings reproduced with the characteristics Ml and Ll, among the highest Value, during the night storage period and also during the afternoon storage period the strength of the charge or storage is considerably reduced compared to the corresponding conditions in the conventional heater is, which has the effect in particular that a peak load on the external access network is avoided. The power consumption for the settings marked with Ml and Ll is 18 KWH and 9 KWH respectively and is therefore in both cases considerably smaller than M2 and L2 of the conventional heating device.

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In the graphical representation shown in FIG the same values are entered as ordinates and abscissas, with the action of the for the characteristics M2 and Ml Remaining storages from the previous basic period are reproduced and explained.

Suppose the heat accumulator or the heat storage body was not completely emptied in the previous basic period. Assume at the beginning of the night storage period if an energy of 17.5 KWH remained in the heat storage or in the heat storage body, then the effect will be with regard to a conventional heating device with the storage characteristic M2 *. The control temperature is reached about two hours earlier than would otherwise be the case, towards the end of the night storage period however, the value of the stored charge remains unaffected.

For the heater falling within the scope of this invention, the characteristic curve Ml * shows the charging conditions during the night storage period. It can be seen that the value of the stored charge is increased because the control temperature (which is the same for all settings of the setting switch) is never reached. While like this from the characteristic curve M2 can be taken, the heat emission or heat consumption curve remains the same, stands - and this is from the Characteristic curve Ml * can be seen - a considerably increased one for the heater or for the healing device of this invention Energy storage available for heat dissipation.

The available additional charging or storage is concerned by the area between the consumption Characteristic curves Ml and Ml * reproduced. For the reasons to be described below, this is 16 KWH.

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Because of the higher temperature to be achieved, the Overnight tax due to emissions from the housing is slightly higher (Typical are 1.5 KWH for the conventional heater and 3.0 KWH for the heater of this invention). That is illustrated with the blocks under the charging characteristics or storage characteristics. The charging characteristics are M2 and Hl. The housing radiation over night (which represents an additional consumption) needs during the Night storage period not to be disadvantageous in many applications.

Yet another important advantage of this invention is illustrated in FIG. In this are the characteristics for a conventional heating device marked with broken lines while the properties and characteristics of a heater of this invention is shown in full lines.

The percentages of the nominal output or nominal heat output during the evening heat release period or consumption period, i.e. from 4:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m., are as ordinates against the percentage values of the nominal heat output during the morning period and the afternoon period from 7:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. applied.

The characteristics for the switch positions "COLD", "MODERATE" and "MILD" are for the heating device of this invention, as is the case in Fig. 2, marked with Hl, Ml and Ll, while for the corresponding settings of a conventional heating device in which the charging strength or storage strength is changed, the characteristic curves marked with H2, M2 and L2.

A conventional one marked 9/60 is used as an example

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Heating device used. This marking means that when fully charged or stored, the heat accumulator or the heat storage body can accommodate 60 KWH, and that the heating resistor assigned to it is designed for 9 KW.

During the entire period between 7:00 a.m. and 11:00 p.m. During the heat release time, a total of 60 KWH of energy can be drawn from the heating device (the initial stored Energies + (3x9 KWH) during the afternoon period absorbed energy. The total energy is 37 KWH.

During the period from 7:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. (9 hours), an energy of 9/16 of 37 = 49 KWH is drawn. This is 100 % of the morning consumption and the afternoon consumption. The remaining 38 KWH are taken as 100 % for evening consumption.

If the control is set to "MODERATE", then during consumes only 30% of the available heat storage during the morning period and during the afternoon period. Of the The value available for evening consumption is then:

A conventional heater at 92% from 48 KWH - 35 KWH

The heater of this invention at 122% from 38 KWH - 46 KWH (which is an increase of about one third means).

A similar availability of stored energy for use in the evening and with little use of the available heat during the morning period and the

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The afternoon period is for the "MILD" setting of the charging strength or the storage strength with the characteristic curve Ll reproduced.

The larger evening heat emissions available are indicated by the dashed areas between the characteristic curves Ml and M2 and between the characteristic lines Ll and L2.

. The reproduced with 5 histograms for a Heizvor- longitudinal direction of this invention at A and point for a conventional heating means the percentage of the afternoon Nachspeicherung - (in the period between 13.oo clock and 16.oo pm) - in view of the total throughput in kilowatts · «hours for the basic period. With the "MEDIUM" and "MILD" settings, considerable reductions in the load on the electrical connection network are achieved, namely 42% reduced to 28% and 53% reduced to 27%.

In a corresponding manner, FIG. 6 shows at A the performance of a heating device of this invention for the throughput of a whole season, and at B the performance of a conventional heating device. With the dashed * or hatched areas, the afternoon storage between 1:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. is indicated as a percentage of the throughput. It should be pointed out that in histogram A the afternoon subsequent storage amounts to only 28% of the total energy stored in the heat accumulator, while with the conventional heating device the afternoon energy consumption is 40% of the energy consumption.

The calculation according to FIG. 6 is based on the weather pattern value for an entire season, as shown graphically in FIG. is reproduced. 7 shows a histogram of 220 days

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a heating season in which different throughputs are required. These throughputs are expressed as a percentage of the nominal throughput with wide subdivisions to indicate the corresponding "COLD" settings,
"MODERATE" and "MILD" for the two heating devices.

009840/1173 -Al-

Claims (1)

21 691 December 15, 1969 30 ba.wo. -Al- Simplex Electric Company Limited, Creda Works Blythe Bridge, Stoke-on-Trent, England Patent claims: A heating device with a heat accumulator or a Heat storage body, which is heated by an electrical heating device, and with a duct system, through which a heat distribution flow enter and over the heat accumulator or heat storage body can delete. This heater characterized, that with the electrical heating resistors (R ₁ , R ₂ , Ro) a regulating ^{device (S-, S} ih » ^S 1c ^ ^w i ** k-w i ** is connected. This regulating device has the current heat output in the heating resistors (IL, R ₂ f Ro) to control and regulate in a selective manner, to any number of different values. 009840/1173 - A 2 - 21 691 December 15, 1969 ba.wo. -A2- A heating device according to claim 1, characterized in, that the control temperature, to which the heat storage body or the heat storage body (H) is heated during a storage period, is determined by a thermostat (TH ₁ ), which is effectively assigned to the heat storage or heat storage body (H) and the current flow to the electrical heating resistors ( R-, R ", R ₃ ) has to control and regulate. A heating device according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that that the electrical heating device consists of a number of heating resistors (R ₁ , R ", R ₃ ) and a device for controlling and regulating the output of current heat. This device is designed as a switch (S _la , S _lb , S _lc ), by means of which the aforementioned HeTzwid ¥ rstands (R ₁ , R ", R ₃ ) in a selective manner between the terminals T ₁ and T" switched , whereby different values of the electricity heat output are guaranteed in each case. A heating device according to claim 3, characterized in that that the resistors (R ₁ , R «» Ro) or several groups of these heating resistors with regard to the switch contacts (S-, S-., S _lc ) are connected between the input terminals (T-, T «) Tn ReThe; to select the required current heat output from the heating resistors (R-, R ₂ , R ₃ ) or groups of these heating resistors, a different combination of contacts (S-, S-,, Sv) is closed. 009840/1173 - A 3 - 21 691 December 15, 1969 ηΛ ba.wp. - - A 3 - 5. A heating device according to claim 2 or any one of claims 3 and 4 which is related to claim 2, characterized, that from the beginning of a storage period or from the beginning of each of the storage periods, the first activation of the thermostat (TIL) to switch off or to reduce the _{current flowing through the heating resistors (R. ,, R ", R 3} ) is designed in such a way that also the total current heat output at the heating resistors (R ₁ , R ", R ₃ ) is reduced or decreased during the remaining storage period, 6. A heating device according to claim 5, characterized in that _{that an auxiliary switch (S 4} ) belongs to the thermostat (TH-), which can be brought into a first switch position, in which the electrical heating resistor (Rh, Rn) shows a higher current heat output and in a second switch position, in which the heating resistors ( R-, R ", Ro) a second (lower) current heat output ™ show. This auxiliary switch becomes effective the first time it is activated of the thermostat (TH-) is switched from the first switch position to the second switch position. 7. A heating device according to claim 6, characterized in that that individual heating resistors or groups of heating resistors (R ^, R ₂ »R3) for heating the heat accumulator or the heat storage body (H) are connected in parallel between the input terminals; the auxiliary _{switch (S 4} ) is switched such that it except 0098/4 0/1173 - A 4 - 21 691 December 15, 1969 ba wo. - -A 4 - the selected number of heating resistors (R ^, R ", R ₃ ) switches off all the others from the circuit between the input terminals (T-, T ₂ ), so that after actuation of the auxiliary switch (S ₄ ) the thermostat (TH ₁ ) only needs to control and regulate the power supply for the selected number of heating resistors (R-), because the rest of the heating resistors (R ₂ * R3) are switched off. 8. A heating device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized, that another thermostat (TH ₂ ) is effectively connected to the heat storage or the heat storage body (H) »This thermostat includes the contacts (S _ß ), which open when the control temperature (X ⁰ C) is exceeded by a first predetermined amount will. The contacts (Sg) include a device that keeps these contacts (S_) in the open position. have to lock or hold once these contacts have been opened. 9. A heating device according to claim 8, characterized in that that the auxiliary contacts (S ₀ ) belong to the thermostat (TH ₀ ) and open when the control temperature is exceeded by a second predetermined value - this value is higher than the aforementioned first predetermined value. These contacts (S _g ) are designed to open the contacts (S ₅ , S _5. , S_) of a contactor or switch that controls the flow of current to the heating resistors (R-, R2, Rq) of the heat accumulator or heat storage body (H) and regulates. 009840/1173 - A 5 - 21 691 December 15, 1969 ba.wo. -Α5- 10. A heating device according to claim 7, characterized, that the electrical heating resistors (R- ,, R «» ^ 3) or groups of these heating resistors, which are switched off when the thermostat (TH-) first becomes active or switched on, via fuses or other protective contacts (S _Q , S - J are connected to the input terminals (T-, T "). - End - 0 9 8 4 0/1173