DE19641324A1 - Heating cost distribution monitor for shared usage - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrical heating cost distribution monitor for places of shared usage uses only the heater temperature gauge (6) linked to a microcomputer (12). This monitors, and is not influenced by outside heat sources such as radiation from the sun or secondary heating and is not subject to interference. Data forming determining criteria, which are partly fixed values and partly differential values, are pre-programmed in the computer. This data is then related to the thermal measurements from the heater gauge in appropriate algorithms. From this the heat consumption distribution and related costs can be decided, whether or not there is any subsequent heat cost distribution monitoring.

Description

The invention relates to an electrical heat cost allocator with a radiator sensor ( 6 ) for determining the respective radiator temperature and a circuit arrangement used for evaluating the measured values, with at least one analog-digital migrator ( 9 ) assigned to the radiator sensor ( 6 ) and a microcomputer ( 12 ) downstream thereof the value of the room air temperature of the circuit arrangement ( 40 ) is entered as a fixed value, and with a display device ( 3 ) serving to display the measurement result and a device for avoiding measurement errors caused by the influence of external heat sources, by means of which the measurement process with the participation of the radiator sensor ( 6 ) the determination of the influence of an external heat source can be prevented.

The purpose of the invention is to use electric heating cost allocators to determine proportionate heating costs promote.

An electrical heat cost allocator of the introduction cited Art is known and will be discussed in more detail below are explained.

However, this known electrical heat cost allocator is relatively complicated and expensive. Accordingly, the Price higher than that of the so-called heating cost allocation according to the principle of evaporation. However, they are very accurate and also universally applicable.  

These advantages come due to the significantly higher price however, when using the electrical heat cost allocator unfortunately not applicable because of the cheaper Price to the heat cost allocator based on the evaporation principle preference is often given, although its technical Possible uses are limited.

The invention has for its object the known electrical heat cost allocators in such a way that at simpler construction and at a lower price the possible use the so-called multi-sensor device and thus better market opportunities for electric heating cost allocators are given.

The invention solves the stated problem in that only the radiator sensor ( 6 ) is provided on the electrical heat cost allocator, which also serves as a monitoring sensor for preventing the influence of external heat sources, with such a choice of algorithmic linking of radiator sensors ( 6 ) and microcomputers ( 12 ) the circuit arrangement ( 40 ) that when there is a value of the radiator sensor temperature (t _H ) that is greater than a certain first temperature value (T _H1 ), the measuring process can be released by the circuit arrangement ( 40 ) of the electrical heat cost allocator and that Presence of a value of the radiator sensor temperature (t _H ) which is lower than a certain second temperature value (T _H2 ) which in turn is lower than the temperature value (T _H1 ), the measuring process can be prevented by the circuit arrangement ( 40 ) of the electrical heat cost allocator, and that at a value of. Radiator sensor temperature (t _H), the above-mentioned between the two values (T _H1 and T _H2) of the heater bulb temperatures (T _H) is located, the measuring operation then, the circuit arrangement (40) of the electric heating cost distributor can be continued, if previously a radiator sensor temperature (t _H ) was measurable, greater than the determined first value (T _H1 ) of the radiator sensor temperature (t _H ) and the measuring process can then be prevented by the circuit arrangement ( 40 ) if a radiator sensor temperature (t _H ) was previously measurable, smaller than the determined second value (T _H2 ) the radiator sensor temperature.

A suitable embodiment of this inventive concept is that at least one of the decision criteria in the algorithm of the operating functions of the electrical heat cost allocator by the value of the rate of change (dT / dt) between the temperature measured value (t _H ) of the radiator sensor ( 6 ) a measurement phase of the electrical Heizkostenver divider and the temperature measurement value (t _H ) of the radiator sensor ( 6 ) is predefined in at least one of the previous measurement phases.

A suitable further development of this embodiment consists of the fact that, if in the temperature range of the radiator sensor temperature between the two specific temperature values (T _H1 , T _H2 ) there is an increase in the radiator sensor temperature with a slope dT / dt that is above a specific value, by the circuit arrangement ( 40 ) of the electrical Heizkostenver divider can be determined, a measurement process of the electrical Heizkostenverteiler prevented by the latter (40) can be released independently of other specifications, and that if in the said temperature range (T _H1 , T _H2 ) the radiator sensor temperature a course of the same with a slope dT / dt, which is below a certain value, can be determined by the circuit arrangement ( 40 ) of the electrical heat cost allocator, a measurement process of the electrical heat cost allocator prevented by the latter (40) is prevented until other specifications become effective.

An appropriate dimensioning of the characteristic values of these The embodiment according to the invention is in subclaim 4 enclosed.

The advantages of the invention are seen in the fact that only one the only one, namely the radiator sensor, for the heating costs distributor according to the invention for temperature measurement Application arrives.

The function of additional sensors of electrical heating costs distributor according to the prior art is essentially in the software of the microcomputer of the circuit arrangement misplaced, with a suitable choice of the characteristics of the same.

The electrical heat cost allocator according to the state of the Technology and according to the invention are in the form of execution examples shown in the accompanying drawings and explained in detail in the following description.

They represent:

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an electrical heating cost distributor according to the prior art.

Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an electrical heating cost distributor according to the invention.

Fig. 3 is a graphical representation of a possible temperature response on the radiator sensor of the electrical heat cost allocator according to the invention.

Electric heat cost allocators are known, with one Radiator sensor for determining the radiator temperature and a room air sensor to record the temperature of the circulating air,  and with an electronic comprising a microcomputer the circuit arrangement via which the consumption values of the radiator in question and into one storable and displayable digital value are implemented. It is provided here to avoid measurement errors that through the influences of external heat sources, in particular caused by solar radiation, a Correlation between the measured values of the radiator sensor and the room air sensor and / or a further assigned so-called auxiliary sensor by the microcomputer of Make circuit arrangement.

These known embodiments of an electrical However, heat cost allocators are quite complex. There are two, yes three temperature sensors, namely a radiator sensor, a room temperature sensor and / or an auxiliary sensor, also called start sensor, required or necessary, whereby the structure of the electrical heat cost allocator complicated.

In Fig. 1, such an electrical heat cost allocator is shown schematically in the form of a block circuit.

The microprocessor 1 is shown there, to which the memory periphery 2 is assigned, which can also consist of several individual memories.

A first display device 3 is used to display consumption values, so new and old values, while a second display device 4 is used to display the so-called K values set on the setting device 5 . Radiator sensors 6 , room temperature sensors 7 and / or auxiliary sensors 8 transmit the analog measurement data that arises to them via analog-digital converters 9 , 10 and 11, each of which is downstream, to the microprocessor 1 of the microcomputer 12 .

It can be seen that this known embodiment of a electrical heat cost allocator a considerable effort both on electronic components and on space for their assignment means.

By correlating the two or three temperature sensors 6 , 7 and / or 8 of the known electrical heat cost allocator with the software of its microcomputer 12 , it can be seen which determined temperature measurement results are plausible and accordingly can be evaluated for displaying the consumption and which cannot and which therefore and by suppressed the electrical heat cost allocator, ie must be excluded from the display.

According to another known, but here the drawing not detected embodiment manifold of an electrical heating cost is namely provided a room air instead sensor 7 of the circuitry 40 a, a temperature detection value T _L of the air predetermining resistance to you, which simulates the room air sensor. 7 In this embodiment of an electrical heat cost allocator, the ascertainable measurement result on the radiator sensor is checked for plausibility on the basis of a correlation between the measured data of the radiator sensor and the auxiliary sensor alone.

Here, the analog measurement data are also converted into digital data by analog-digital converters, the fixed value t _{L of} the room air temperature specification being included by the resistance in the evaluation of the measurement results.

However, it is also known that the intended fixed value of the room air temperature t _L , such. B. 20 ° C, not by a generally constant temperature constant simulation, but instead to capture the fixed value of the room air temperature t _L by the microprocessor 1 associated software, ie to store on one of the assigned memory systems of the memory periphery 2 of the microcomputer 12 and read out from the microprocessor 1 as required.

This eliminates the assignment and connection of the resistance for the simulation of the fixed value of the room air temperature t _L.

On the other hand, the microcomputer 12 then requires an appropriate design or supplement to the software available.

It is also known in the known embodiment of an electrical heat cost allocator described, in the case of the plurality of temperature sensors 6 , 7 and / or 8 , to assign only one analog-digital converter 9-11 instead of the plurality and then sequentially by the microprocessor 1 of the microcomputer 12 to the various temperature sensors 6 , 8 ; 6 , 7 , 8 to turn on.

The reduced expenditure on components for the plurality of analog-digital converters 6 , 7 , 8 ; 6 , 8 , however, the expenditure for the switching devices of the microcomputer 12 is opposed.

In these known arrangements of an electric heater cost allocator can, for example, the following operating or Functional conditions are used:

• a) The measuring process on the electrical heat cost allocator is then evaluated or counted if the difference between the radiator sensor temperature t _H on the radiator sensor and the temperature (t _S ) on the auxiliary or start sensor is equal to or greater than z. B. 4 ° C in summer and 2 ° C in winter.
• b) The measurement process on the electrical heat cost allocator is not evaluated or counted if the difference between the radiator sensor temperature t _H on the radiator sensor and the temperature on the auxiliary or start sensor t _{S is} less than 4 ° C in summer and 2 ° C in winter.
• For this purpose, an electronic calendar is assigned to the electrical heat cost allocator, which decides whether the summer or winter phase is present during the measurement processes of the electrical heat cost allocator and transmits this criterion to the microcomputer 12 of the electronic circuit arrangement 40 of the electrical heat cost allocator for consideration.
• In this way, seasonal Differences in the influence of external heat sources, so especially the solar radiation rating.

In FIG. 2, the circuit arrangement of the electric heating cost distributor according to the invention, also in the form of a block diagram is shown. Here too, the microcomputer 12 is assigned memory configurations 2 and display devices 3 , 4 together with an adjusting device 5 for the so-called K value to be set on the electrical heat cost allocator.

The evaluation factor K is composed of several individual factors, but at least from the factor K _C , which represents a value standard for the temperature gradient from the hot water temperature of the radiator in question to the radiator sensor 6 . This factor K _C is usually accompanied by further evaluation factors, such as the factors K _A and / or K _T ; however, the latter factors can only be used partially.

Instead of the three sensors 6 , 7 and 8 of the electrical heat cost allocator according to FIG. 1 with respectively assigned analog / digital converters 9 , 10 and 11 , in the arrangement of the electrical heat cost allocator according to the invention there is only the radiator sensor 6 with the analog-digital converter 9 assigned to it provided, which means a significant simplification. Only one sensor, namely the radiator sensor 6 of the circuit arrangement 40, is available for evaluating the consumption measurement process.

From the measured value falling on this, the data specified by the software and the chronological data of the temperature response on the radiator sensor 6, the microcomputer 12 determines the plausibility of the measurement result obtained and decides whether the determined measured value is to be further processed for counting or whether it is discarded shall be.

According to the invention is now in the electrical heating costs distribute a specific algorithm for the measurement method provided that the intended single sensor operation enables.

In the electrical heat cost allocator according to the embodiment of FIG . B. a measuring process is carried out or triggered every 4 minutes.

Now falls z. B. the radiator sensor temperature on the radiator sensor 6 from initially z. B. 40 ° C below the temperature reading T _H1 = 33 ° C on z. B. 30 ° C, the determined consumption as such is accepted and counted by the electrical heat cost allocator. If the radiator sensor temperature on the radiator sensor 6 falls even further on z. B. 27 ° C, so nothing changes in the functional conditions of the electrical heat cost allocator, it continues to count consumption.

Finally, if the radiator sensor temperature t _H on the radiator sensor 6 falls below the temperature measured value T _H2 of 26.5 ° C., the measuring process of the electrical heating cost distributor is interrupted or prevented.

If the radiator sensor temperature t _H rises on the radiator sensor 6 , nothing changes in the functional conditions of the electrical heat cost allocator. The measuring process remains switched off. This also if the radiator sensor temperature t _H the measured temperature T _H2 of z. B. has exceeded 26.5 ° C.

A renewed use of the measuring process on the electrical heat cost allocator only takes place again if either in the range between the temperature measured values T _H1 , z. B. 26.5 ° C and T _H2 z. B. 33 ° C the temperature rise on the heating body sensor 6 takes place quickly, ie with z. B. dT / dt greater / = 1.5 ° C / 4 min or when a temperature increase of z. B. less than 1.5 ° C / 4 min finally the temperature measured value T _H2 of 33 ° C has been exceeded. In this area, the counting process is maintained, even if the temperature rise dT / dt of the radiator temperature at the radiator sensor 6 should change in any way; this also applies to the area between the temperature measurements T _H1 and T _H2 . Only when the temperature measured value T _H2 on the radiator sensor 6 should be undershot is the measurement process on the electrical heat cost allocator prevented or switched off.

The temperature measurements for T _H1 , T _H2 ; dT / dt are those of a preferred embodiment according to the invention.

Such changes to the radiator sensor 6 can under the influence of external heat sources, such. B. Sun rays or manipulations occur. Without the algorithmic links provided according to the invention, the influences of these external heat sources can lead to incorrect measurements and incorrect displays on the electrical heat cost allocator.

To illustrate the processes, an imaginable temperature curve of the radiator sensor temperature at the radiator sensor 6 is shown in FIG. 3 in the form of a graphic representation, which can occur under the effects of heating processes and external heat sources. In those areas of the temperature range in which the measurement process on the electrical heat cost allocator is effective, the graphic is shown more intensely.

It can be seen in Fig. 3, that the temperature response measured on the top left in the graph above the temperature T _H1 starting sinking the measured temperature T falls below at measuring point 15 at thus be switched off measuring the electric heating cost distributor with MP 16 _H1 and at the measuring point 17 the curve changing, rising again up to the MP 18 , then falling again.

At MP 19 the temperature response on the radiator sensor 6 of the electrical heat cost allocator falls below the lower temperature measured value T _H2 , the measurement process of the electrical heat cost allocator being prevented.

With the MP 20 , the temperature response changes direction again and with the MP 21 again exceeds the temperature measurement _value T _H2 .

Because the slope dT / dt of the climb a certain value does not exceed, the measuring process remains electrical Heat cost allocators prevented.  

With MP 22 the temperature response reverses in its direction, ie it decreases again. At MP 23 it falls below the lower temperature measured _value T _H2 in order to change its direction again at MP 24 in order to rise again. With MP 25 , the temperature response again exceeds the measured temperature value T _H2 , while at the same time the measuring process of the electrical heat cost allocator is released again, because the slope dT / dt of the curve has a certain predetermined value (e.g. ≧ 1.5 ° C / 4 min ) exceeds.

At MP 26 , the temperature at the radiator sensor 6 exceeds the temperature measurement T _H1 in order to then change its direction again at the MP 27 . At MP 28 , the temperature reading T _{H1 is} again fallen below, the temperature response at the radiator sensor 6 falls, falls below the temperature measurement value T _H2 at MP 29, the measurement process of the electrical heating cost distributor being interrupted.

The temperature now continues to decrease until the MP 30 , after which the temperature at the radiator sensor 6 rises again and exceeds the temperature measurement value T _H2 at the MP 31 , with a value of the slope of dT / dt less than z. B. 1.4 ° C / 4 min.

As a result, the measuring process on the electrical heating cost distributor remains interrupted even in the range between the temperature measured values T _H1 , T _H2 . The temperature response on the radiator sensor 6 finally exceeds the temperature measured value T _H2 in the MP 32 , whereby the measuring process on the electrical Heizkostenver divider is continued again.

The temperature then rises, as can be seen from FIG. 3, to the reversal point MP 33 and then falls again below the temperature measured value T _H1 in the MP 34 , while the measuring activity of the electrical heat cost allocator according to the invention is maintained.

Finally, a change in the trend of the temperature response occurs again at measuring point 35 , the radiator sensor temperature t _H increases again with the electrical heat cost allocator active up to the MP 36 , etc.

Because of the simpler spelling, the expression became dT / dt for the steepness of the temperature response in the lower were chosen the description and the claims. Strict taken the term ΔT / Δt should have been used.

In the rising portion of the temperature response of FIG. 3 between MP 25 and MP 26 is a continuous operation of the electric heating cost distributor or ensured only when the slope dT / dt ≧ 1.4 ° C / 4 min continuously in said area remains assured . If the increase does not occur continuously, but with varying steepness dT / dt, oscillating around the value 1.4 ° C / 4 min, the electrical heat cost allocator can also operate discontinuously in the increasing range from MP 25 to MP 26 of the temperature response.

From the graph of FIG. 3 shows that the measuring operation on the electric heating cost distributor between the MP 15 and 19 and between MP 25 and MP 29, and MP 23 and MP 36 takes place, however, between MP 19 and MP 25, and NP 29 and MP 32 remains interrupted. As already mentioned, the graphic representation is emphasized in the areas of the temperature response in which the measurement process on the electrical heat cost allocator is effective, but not in the others.

The determination of the decisive decision criteria Data, namely:

was essentially based on empirical test series, which are reproduced under real operating conditions were led.

The above data are decision criteria for a preferred embodiment of the electrical heating costs distributor according to the invention.

The points MP of the graphic representation according to FIG. 3 are not measuring points in the actual sense, but rather excellent points of the curve, which allow the course of the temperature curve represented by the curve to be better described in detail.

The measuring processes of the electrical heat cost allocator itself are carried out intermittently on the time axis of the graphic representation according to FIG. 3 at equal time intervals. These can be 4 minutes, for example.

By designing the electrical heat cost allocator according to the invention as well as the choice of the data used as Decision criteria for the algorithmic link is a simple structure of the electrical Heizkostenver dividers achieved, with secure ligation at the same time adverse influences originating from external heat sources, Sun exposure, secondary heating, manipulation etc. on the measurement results of the electrical heat cost allocator according to the invention.  

The algorithm of the electrical heat cost allocator according to the invention has the advantage that, in addition to preventing measurement errors caused by external heat sources, protection against unauthorized manipulation from the outside is also ensured. This ensures that whenever the radiator sensor temperature t _H on the radiator sensor 6 rises to over 33 ° C due to manipulative influences, the measuring process of the electrical Heizkostenver divider starts and this heating corresponding distribution of the heating costs to the electrical heat cost allocator according to the invention is detected.

According to the invention, the algorithm described and on which this is based is now appropriately transferred into the software added to the microprocessor 1 , which is stored on the memory periphery 2 of the microcomputer 12 . These are the temperature values T _H1 and T _H2 that make up the two excellent values of the radiator sensor temperature, which as such are significantly above the usual room temperature of approx. 20 ° C, the temperature measurement T _{H1 being} even higher than the temperature _reading T _H2 .

The algorithm according to the invention essentially plays around the periphery of these two temperature measurements T _H1 , T _{H2 of} the radiator sensor temperature t _H , ie above and below these two temperature measurements T _H1 and T _H2 .

The course of the temperature response shown in FIG. 3 on the radiator sensor 6 of the electrical heat cost allocator is not to be regarded as mandatory, but only as an example. Other courses of this temperature response are of course also conceivable and possible. However, two marginalia are set by the temperature measurements T _H1 , T _H2 , which primarily determine the evaluation of the temperature response - albeit in conjunction with other requirements - by the electrical heat cost allocator.

These two marginalia represent opposing limits for the metrological evaluation of the temperature response insofar as areas of the temperature response lying above the temperature measurement value T _H1 on the radiator sensor 6 are fundamentally evaluated and areas below the temperature measurement value T _H2 on the radiator sensor 6 are measured in terms of measurement technology from the Recording and evaluation by the electrical heat cost allocator are fundamentally excluded.

In the intermediate range of the temperature measurements T _H1 to T _{H2 of} the radiator sensor temperature t _H , i.e. between the two marginal values of the radiator sensor temperature, the course of the temperature response is open and depends on the respective thermal conditions on the radiator equipped with the electrical heat cost allocator according to the invention. However, the evaluation of the measuring process in this temperature range (T _H1 to T _H2 ) depends on which limit value T _H1 or T _H2 was last measured by the temperature _response of the radiator sensor temperature t _H in order to reach the temperature range T _H1 to T _H2 .

If the margin T _{H1 of} the radiator sensor temperature t _H was run through last, the measuring process on the electrical heat cost allocator is activated, ie counted.

Conversely, if the temperature curve, on the other hand, last ran through the margin T _{H2 of} the radiator sensor temperature t _{H in} order to reach the range T _H1 to T _H2 , the measuring process of the electrical heat cost allocator remains suppressed. Only the requirements regarding the steepness of the temperature change in this temperature range can cause the measurement process of the electrical heat cost allocator, which is suppressed in this phase of the temperature change, to be activated.

This would also be the case if this required slope condition was only met by the temperature response on the radiator sensor 6 within this range between the marginalia T _H1 to T _H2 .

This means that the measuring process of the electrical heat cost allocator is initially prevented when the temperature rises, after the temperature measured value T _{H2 has been} exceeded, because the slope dT / dt (e.g. <1.5 ° C / 4 min) of the temperature rise is too low, may nevertheless, start the measuring process if the slope increases during the further temperature rise and reaches a sufficient value (e.g. ≧ 1.5 ° C / 4 min).

Claims (4)

1. Electrical heat cost allocator with a radiator sensor ( 6 ) for determining the respective radiator temperature and a circuit arrangement ( 40 ) serving for evaluating the measured values with at least one analog-digital converter ( 9 ) assigned to the radiator sensor ( 6 ) and a microcomputer ( 12 ) downstream thereof , wherein the value of the ambient air temperature of the circuit arrangement ( 40 ) is entered as a fixed value, and with a display device ( 3 ) serving to display the measurement result and a device for avoiding measurement errors caused by the influence of external heat sources, by which the measurement process under With the help of the radiator sensor ( 6 ), the determination of the impermissible influence of an external heat source can be prevented, characterized in that
that only the heating body sensor ( 6 ) is provided on the electrical heat cost allocator, which also serves as a monitoring sensor to prevent the influence of external heat sources, with such a choice of the algorithmic linkage of the heating body sensor ( 6 ) and microcomputer ( 12 ) of the circuit arrangement ( 40 ),
that if there is a value for the radiator sensor temperature (t _H ) that is greater than a certain first temperature measurement value (T _H1 ), the measuring process can be released by the circuit arrangement ( 40 ) of the electrical heating cost distributor and that if there is a value for the radiator sensor temperature (t _H ), which is lower than a specific second temperature measurement value (T _H2 ), which in turn is lower than the first temperature measurement value (T _H1 ), the measurement process can be prevented by the circuit arrangement ( 40 ) of the electrical heat cost allocator,
and that at a value of the radiator sensor temperature (t _H ), which lies between the two specific temperature measurement values (T _H1 , T _H2 ) of the radiator sensor temperature (t _H ), the measuring process can then be continued by the circuit arrangement ( 40 ) of the electrical heating cost distributor , if a radiator sensor temperature (t _H ) was previously measurable, greater than the determined first temperature measured value (T _H1 ) of the radiator sensor temperature (t _H )
and the measuring process can then be prevented by the circuit arrangement ( 40 ) if a radiator sensor temperature (t _H ) was previously measurable, smaller than the determined second temperature measurement value (T _H2 ) of the radiator sensor temperature (t _H ). 2. Electrical heat cost allocator according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the decision criteria in the algorithm of the operating functions of the electrical heat cost allocator by the value of the rate of change (dT / dt) between the measured value of the radiator sensor temperature (t _H ) of the radiator sensor ( 6 ) of a measuring phase of the electrical heat cost allocator and the measured value of the radiator sensor temperature (t _H ) at least one of the previous measurement phases is specified. 3. Electrical heat cost allocator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in
that if in the temperature range of the radiator temperature (t _H ) between the two determined temperature readings (T _H1 , T _H2 ) an increase in the radiator temperature (t _H ) with a slope (dT / dt), which is above a certain value, by the Circuit arrangement of the electrical heating cost distributor can be determined, a measurement process prevented by the latter ( 40 ) can be released independently of other specifications,
and that if in the said temperature range (T _H1 , T _H2 ) of the radiator sensor temperature (t _H ) a course of the same with a slope (dT / dt), which is below a certain value, can be determined by the circuit arrangement ( 40 ) of the electrical heat cost allocator is prevented by the latter ( 40 ) measurement process of the electrical heat cost allocator until other specifications take effect. 4. Electrical heat cost allocator according to claim 3, characterized by the specification of the following data as decision criteria for the circuit arrangement ( 40 ):
T _H1 ≧ 33 ° C
T _H2 ≦ 26.5 ° C
dT / dt ≧ 1.5 ° C / 4 min = count
dT / dt ≦ 1.5 ° C / 4 min = no count.