DE19609167A1 - Thin-film multilayer sensor for quick measuring of gas temperatures and gas speeds also IR radiation - Google Patents
Thin-film multilayer sensor for quick measuring of gas temperatures and gas speeds also IR radiationInfo
- Publication number
- DE19609167A1 DE19609167A1 DE1996109167 DE19609167A DE19609167A1 DE 19609167 A1 DE19609167 A1 DE 19609167A1 DE 1996109167 DE1996109167 DE 1996109167 DE 19609167 A DE19609167 A DE 19609167A DE 19609167 A1 DE19609167 A1 DE 19609167A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- thin
- film multilayer
- sensor according
- multilayer sensor
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002247 constant time method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
- G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
- G01F1/688—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow using a particular type of heating, cooling or sensing element
- G01F1/69—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow using a particular type of heating, cooling or sensing element of resistive type
- G01F1/692—Thin-film arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/10—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors
- G01J5/20—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors using resistors, thermistors or semiconductors sensitive to radiation, e.g. photoconductive devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/10—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring thermal variables
- G01P5/12—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring thermal variables using variation of resistance of a heated conductor
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Es ist bekannt, daß man die Temperatur strömender Gase mit Dünnfilmmeßwider ständen messen kann. Da die Wärme aus dem Gas nicht nur die Widerstands schicht, sondern auch den Träger mit seiner vergleichsweise großen Masse mit erwärmen muß, sind diese Thermometer sehr träge. Man erreicht nur Grenzfre quenzen im Bereich von einigen zehntel Hertz. Durch die im Patentanspruch 1 angegebene Erfindung in Form einer zusätzlichen metallischen Zwischenschicht 4 (Bild 1) wird eine thermische Entkopplung der eigentlichen Temperaturmeßschicht 2 von der Substratunterlage 6 (Träger) erzielt. - Da die Metallschichten aus reinen Metallen bestehen, dienen sie sowohl zum Messen der Temperatur als auch zum Zuführen elektrischer Energie. - Die Entkopplung von der Unterlage ergibt sich dadurch, daß ein Regler die Temperatur der unteren Widerstandsschicht 4 durch elektrisches Heizen auf die gleiche Temperatur wie die der Meßschicht 2 nachregelt, die Temperatur der Schicht 2 ist die Führungsgröße für diesen Regler. Dadurch wird das Zeitverhalten entscheidend verbessert, weil die Wärme aus dem Meßmedium über den Wärmeübergangswiderstand an der Oberfläche nur die oberste Schicht, die als Widerstandsthermometer benutzte Metallschicht, erwärmen muß.It is known that one can measure the temperature of flowing gases with thin film measuring resistors. Since the heat from the gas not only has the resistance layer, but also has to heat the carrier with its comparatively large mass, these thermometers are very slow. One only reaches limit frequencies in the range of a few tenths of a Hertz. The invention specified in claim 1 in the form of an additional metallic intermediate layer 4 ( Figure 1) achieves thermal decoupling of the actual temperature measurement layer 2 from the substrate base 6 (carrier). - Since the metal layers consist of pure metals, they serve both to measure the temperature and to supply electrical energy. - The decoupling from the support results from the fact that a controller readjusts the temperature of the lower resistive layer 4 by electrical heating to the same temperature as that of the measuring layer 2, the temperature of the layer 2 is the reference value for this controller. This significantly improves the time behavior, because the heat from the measuring medium only has to heat the top layer, the metal layer used as the resistance thermometer, via the heat transfer resistance on the surface.
Mit der Wahl der Wärmekopplung der unteren Schicht 4 an den Träger 7, d. h. mit der Schichtdicke der Isolationsschicht 6, oder bei isolierendem Träger der Wärmeleit fähigkeit des Trägermaterials läßt sich die Wärmeableitung der unteren Metallschicht dem Wärmeübergangswiderstand an der Oberfläche anpassen, so daß bei Tempera turänderungen mit negativem Vorzeichen die Wärme aus der unteren Metallschicht 4 nicht über die obere Schicht 2 abfließen muß und der Sensor bei diesen Temperaturänderungen nicht langsamer als bei positiven Temperaturänderungen ist. Der Wärmewiderstand zum Träger kann auch wesentlich kleiner gewählt werden, denn aufgrund der Heizmöglichkeit der Schicht 4 wird der Energieverlust dieser Schicht zum Träger hin ausgeglichen. Daher kann auch bei hohen Gasgeschwindig keiten und daher kleinem Wärmeübergangswiderstand an der Oberfläche eine hohe Dynamik erreicht werden. Dies gilt insbesondere dann, wenn die Rückseite aktiv, z. B. mit einem Peltierkühlelement, auf eine konstante Temperatur unterhalb der in dem Anwendungsfall zu erwartenden niedrigsten Gastemperatur gekühlt wird.With the choice of the heat coupling of the lower layer 4 to the support 7 , ie with the layer thickness of the insulation layer 6 , or with insulating support of the thermal conductivity of the support material, the heat dissipation of the lower metal layer can be adapted to the heat transfer resistance on the surface, so that changes in temperature occur at temperature with a negative sign, the heat does not have to flow out of the lower metal layer 4 via the upper layer 2 and the sensor is not slower with these temperature changes than with positive temperature changes. The thermal resistance to the carrier can also be chosen to be significantly smaller, because the layer 4 can be heated to compensate for the energy loss of this layer towards the carrier. Therefore, high dynamics can be achieved even at high gas velocities and therefore low heat transfer resistance on the surface. This is especially true when the back is active, e.g. B. with a Peltier cooling element, is cooled to a constant temperature below the lowest gas temperature to be expected in the application.
Es ist bekannt, daß schnelle Messungen von Gastemperaturen auch mit soge nannten "kalten Hitzdrahtanamometern" möglich sind. Diese sind aber mechanisch außerordentlich empfindlich und können bei hohen Gasgeschwindigkeiten im Bereich oberhalb von ca. 20 m/s schon von kleinen Staubpartikeln zerstört werden. Daher ist die Verwendung des beschriebenen Mehrschichtsensors nach Patent anspruch 1 für die Verbesserung der Betriebssicherheit bei solchen Messungen ein entscheidender Vorteil.It is known that rapid measurements of gas temperatures with so-called called "cold hot wire anamometers" are possible. But these are mechanical extremely sensitive and can at high gas speeds in Small dust particles can destroy areas above approx. 20 m / s. Therefore, the use of the multilayer sensor described is patented Claim 1 for improving operational safety in such measurements decisive advantage.
Der Einsatz von Hitzdrahtanamometern zur schnellen Messung der Strömungsge schwindigkeit ist seit langem üblich. Auch hier besteht das Problem der mecha nischen Empfindlichkeit der im µ-Meter-Bereich liegenden dünnen Anemometer drähte. Durch Verwendung des Mehrschichtsensors nach Patentanspruch 1 als Anemometer lassen sich Gasgeschwindigkeiten mit einer Dynamik von einigen hundert Hertz messen, dabei aber mit der hohen Betriebssicherheit dieses Sensors. Dafür werden die beiden Metallschichten 2 und 4 wie bei einem Hitzdrahtane mometer in sogenannter CT-Methode (Constant Temperature) bei ca. 150 bis 200°C betrieben, wobei die Temperatur der oberen Schicht 2 als Sollwert (Führungsgröße) für die untere dient. Die Heizung der oberen Schicht hat nur den Energieverlust hin zur Gasströmung auszugleichen, der zugehörige Heizstrom ist ein Maß für die Strö mungsgeschwindigkeit. - Durch Wahl von Wechselstrom (Tonfrequenzbereich) für die Widerstandsmessung und Gleichstrom für die Heizung lassen sich die beiden Regler entkoppeln.The use of hot wire anamometers for fast measurement of the flow rate has been common for a long time. Here too there is the problem of the mechanical sensitivity of the thin anemometer wires in the µ-meter range. By using the multi-layer sensor according to claim 1 as an anemometer, gas velocities can be measured with a dynamic range of a few hundred Hertz, but with the high operational reliability of this sensor. For this purpose, the two metal layers 2 and 4 are operated like a hot wire anometer in the so-called CT method (constant temperature) at approx. 150 to 200 ° C, the temperature of the upper layer 2 serving as a setpoint (reference variable) for the lower one. The heating of the upper layer only has to compensate for the energy loss towards the gas flow, the associated heating current is a measure of the flow rate. - The two controllers can be decoupled by selecting alternating current (audio frequency range) for resistance measurement and direct current for heating.
Legt man die Schicht 4 als temperaturunabhängige Widerstandsschicht aus, so läßt sich mit einem konstanten Heizstrom sehr einfach eine konstante Heizenergie zu führen. Durch Änderung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit ändert sich der Wärmeüber gangswiderstand und dadurch die an das Gas abgegebene Wärme. Die Wärme kommt aus der Schicht 4 und es entsteht ein Temperaturgradient. Durch Messen der Temperatur der Schicht 2 läßt sich die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit messen.If layer 4 is designed as a temperature-independent resistance layer, constant heating energy can be conducted very easily with a constant heating current. By changing the flow rate, the heat transfer resistance changes and thereby the heat given off to the gas. The heat comes from layer 4 and there is a temperature gradient. The flow rate can be measured by measuring the temperature of layer 2 .
Die Form des Sensors läßt sich den verschiedenen Anforderungen anpassen. Entweder man verwendet die robuste ebene Bauform, oder eine zylindrische bei hohen Anforderungen an die Dynamik. Träger können isolierte Drähte, Keramik-, Glas- oder Quarzfäden sein mit Durchmessern im Bereich von 50 bis einigen hundert µ-Metern. Auch auf eine Schneide lassen sich die Schichten aufbringen. Die Schichten werden durch Sputtertechnik mit Schichtdicken im Bereich von ca. 0,5 bis 2 µm hergestellt und mit den bekannten Verfahren der Photolithographie und den üblichen Ätzmethoden strukturiert. Als Thermometerschichten eignen sich wegen des hohen Temperaturkoeffizienten des elektrischen Widerstandes reine Metalle, vornehmlich Platin, aber auch Nickel und Kupfer (Aluminium) sind geeignet. Als Material für die temperaturunabhängige Schicht sind bekannte Widerstandslegierungen verwendbar, z. B. eine Nickel-Chromlegierung. Die Isolations- und Schutzschichten sind z. B. aus Quarz (SiO₂), MgO oder Si₃N₄.The shape of the sensor can be adapted to the different requirements. Either you use the robust flat design, or a cylindrical one high dynamic requirements. Carriers can insulated wires, ceramic, Glass or quartz threads with diameters in the range of 50 to a few hundred µ meters. The layers can also be applied to a cutting edge. The Layers are sputtered with layers in the range of approx. 0.5 to 2 µm manufactured and with the known methods of photolithography and structured conventional etching methods. Are suitable as thermometer layers because the high temperature coefficient of electrical resistance of pure metals, primarily platinum, but also nickel and copper (aluminum) are suitable. As Material for the temperature-independent layer are known Resistance alloys can be used, e.g. B. a nickel-chromium alloy. The Isolation and protective layers are e.g. B. of quartz (SiO₂), MgO or Si₃N₄.
Bei Bolometern ist bekannt, daß infolge der langsamen Erwärmung der Widerstandsschicht und ihres Trägers eine erhebliche Zeitverzögerung entsteht. Durch extrem dünne Trägerfolien (Membranen) begegnet man diesem Nachteil. Dieses Problem hat der Mehrschichtsensor nach Patentanspruch 1 nicht. Durch Schwärzen der oberen Schicht entsteht ein Infrarotempfänger. Mit dem Nachführen der Temperatur der unteren Schicht 4 mit einem Regler auf die Temperatur von Schicht 2 wird die Entkopplung von der Unterlage erreicht. Die Dynamik des Bolometers wird jetzt nur durch die Masse der oberen Widerstandsschicht 2 beeinflußt. Eine aktive Kühlung durch z. B. ein Peltierkühlelement verbessert die Dynamik des Sensors zusätzlich, ohne die Empfindlichkeit zu verschlechtern, da die notwendige Energie zum Aufrechterhalten der Temperatur der oberen Meßschicht 2 von der Schicht 4 nachgeliefert wird. Bei negativen Strahlungsänderungen kann die überschüssige Energie ohne große Verzögerung über den gekühlten Träger 6 abgeführt werden.With bolometers it is known that due to the slow heating of the resistance layer and its carrier there is a considerable time delay. This disadvantage is countered by extremely thin carrier foils (membranes). The multilayer sensor according to claim 1 does not have this problem. Blackening the top layer creates an infrared receiver. Decoupling from the base is achieved by tracking the temperature of the lower layer 4 with a controller to the temperature of layer 2 . The dynamics of the bolometer is now only influenced by the mass of the upper resistance layer 2 . Active cooling by e.g. B. a Peltier cooling element additionally improves the dynamics of the sensor without deteriorating the sensitivity, since the necessary energy for maintaining the temperature of the upper measuring layer 2 is supplied by the layer 4 . In the event of negative changes in radiation, the excess energy can be dissipated via the cooled carrier 6 without great delay.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1996109167 DE19609167A1 (en) | 1996-03-09 | 1996-03-09 | Thin-film multilayer sensor for quick measuring of gas temperatures and gas speeds also IR radiation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1996109167 DE19609167A1 (en) | 1996-03-09 | 1996-03-09 | Thin-film multilayer sensor for quick measuring of gas temperatures and gas speeds also IR radiation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE19609167A1 true DE19609167A1 (en) | 1997-09-18 |
Family
ID=7787721
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DE1996109167 Withdrawn DE19609167A1 (en) | 1996-03-09 | 1996-03-09 | Thin-film multilayer sensor for quick measuring of gas temperatures and gas speeds also IR radiation |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE19609167A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005061703A1 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2007-07-05 | Innovative Sensor Technology Ist Ag | Device for determining and / or monitoring a process variable and method for producing a corresponding sensor unit |
DE102006005393A1 (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-09 | Innovative Sensor Technology Ist Ag | Process parameter e.g. humidity, measuring device for use in process- and automation technology, has sensor units that are arranged on top of each other, and are manufactured by planar technology such as thin and/or thick film technologies |
WO2009095058A1 (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-08-06 | E+E Elektronik Ges.M.B.H. | Sensor element |
US20130125644A1 (en) * | 2010-04-12 | 2013-05-23 | Ecole Centrale De Lille | Hot-Wire Sensor of Submillimeter Size and Associated Method of Production |
FR3024500A1 (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-02-05 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | HEATING DEVICE WITH INFRARED MICROSYSTEM TEMPERATURE SENSOR AND MOTORIZATION DEVICE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A HEATING DEVICE |
WO2018046441A1 (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2018-03-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Bolometer fluid flow and temperature sensor |
US10578504B1 (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-03-03 | Custom Control Sensors, LLC. | Systems and methods for high voltage rating thin film sensors |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2029065A1 (en) * | 1969-07-08 | 1971-01-14 | Mettler Instrumente AG Greifen see (Schweiz) | Electric resistance thermometer |
DE2403908A1 (en) * | 1973-02-07 | 1974-08-22 | Environmental Instruments | FLOW METER |
DE2531177A1 (en) * | 1975-07-11 | 1977-02-03 | Otto Dipl Ing Hoffer | Flow velocity measuring probe - is used for air flows and uses hot foil technique and combines accuracy with robustness |
US4166390A (en) * | 1977-10-03 | 1979-09-04 | Benzinger Theodor H | Scanning radiometer apparatus |
DE2904154A1 (en) * | 1979-02-03 | 1980-08-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE MASS OF A FLOWING MEDIUM |
DE3419504A1 (en) * | 1984-05-25 | 1986-01-23 | Günther Dipl.-Ing. 2201 Kollmar Weber | FLOW GUARD |
DE3603757A1 (en) * | 1985-02-16 | 1986-08-21 | Nippon Soken, Inc., Nishio, Aichi | LAYER RESISTANCE FOR A FLOW MEASURING DEVICE |
DD250576A1 (en) * | 1983-11-03 | 1987-10-14 | Hermsdorf Keramik Veb | TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
DE3806308A1 (en) * | 1988-02-27 | 1989-09-07 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Temperature sensor |
GB2251946A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-07-22 | Rolls Royce Plc | A fluid temperature measuring device |
DE4324040A1 (en) * | 1992-07-21 | 1994-01-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Mass flow meter, e.g. for air flow - has sensor element carrying heater and thermal sensors, and heater temp. controller. |
US5423212A (en) * | 1993-06-18 | 1995-06-13 | Ricoh Seiki Company, Ltd. | Flow sensor |
-
1996
- 1996-03-09 DE DE1996109167 patent/DE19609167A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2029065A1 (en) * | 1969-07-08 | 1971-01-14 | Mettler Instrumente AG Greifen see (Schweiz) | Electric resistance thermometer |
DE2403908A1 (en) * | 1973-02-07 | 1974-08-22 | Environmental Instruments | FLOW METER |
DE2531177A1 (en) * | 1975-07-11 | 1977-02-03 | Otto Dipl Ing Hoffer | Flow velocity measuring probe - is used for air flows and uses hot foil technique and combines accuracy with robustness |
US4166390A (en) * | 1977-10-03 | 1979-09-04 | Benzinger Theodor H | Scanning radiometer apparatus |
DE2904154A1 (en) * | 1979-02-03 | 1980-08-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE MASS OF A FLOWING MEDIUM |
DD250576A1 (en) * | 1983-11-03 | 1987-10-14 | Hermsdorf Keramik Veb | TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
DE3419504A1 (en) * | 1984-05-25 | 1986-01-23 | Günther Dipl.-Ing. 2201 Kollmar Weber | FLOW GUARD |
DE3603757A1 (en) * | 1985-02-16 | 1986-08-21 | Nippon Soken, Inc., Nishio, Aichi | LAYER RESISTANCE FOR A FLOW MEASURING DEVICE |
DE3806308A1 (en) * | 1988-02-27 | 1989-09-07 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Temperature sensor |
GB2251946A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-07-22 | Rolls Royce Plc | A fluid temperature measuring device |
DE4324040A1 (en) * | 1992-07-21 | 1994-01-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Mass flow meter, e.g. for air flow - has sensor element carrying heater and thermal sensors, and heater temp. controller. |
US5423212A (en) * | 1993-06-18 | 1995-06-13 | Ricoh Seiki Company, Ltd. | Flow sensor |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005061703A1 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2007-07-05 | Innovative Sensor Technology Ist Ag | Device for determining and / or monitoring a process variable and method for producing a corresponding sensor unit |
DE102006005393B4 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2023-05-17 | Innovative Sensor Technology Ist Ag | Device for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium |
DE102006005393A1 (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-09 | Innovative Sensor Technology Ist Ag | Process parameter e.g. humidity, measuring device for use in process- and automation technology, has sensor units that are arranged on top of each other, and are manufactured by planar technology such as thin and/or thick film technologies |
WO2009095058A1 (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-08-06 | E+E Elektronik Ges.M.B.H. | Sensor element |
US20130125644A1 (en) * | 2010-04-12 | 2013-05-23 | Ecole Centrale De Lille | Hot-Wire Sensor of Submillimeter Size and Associated Method of Production |
US8978462B2 (en) * | 2010-04-12 | 2015-03-17 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Hot-wire sensor of submillimeter size and associated method of production |
FR3024500A1 (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-02-05 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | HEATING DEVICE WITH INFRARED MICROSYSTEM TEMPERATURE SENSOR AND MOTORIZATION DEVICE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A HEATING DEVICE |
WO2018046441A1 (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2018-03-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Bolometer fluid flow and temperature sensor |
CN109891249B (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2022-02-01 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Bolometer fluid flow and temperature sensor |
CN109891249A (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2019-06-14 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | The flowing of bolometer fluid and temperature sensor |
US10578504B1 (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-03-03 | Custom Control Sensors, LLC. | Systems and methods for high voltage rating thin film sensors |
US10876915B1 (en) | 2019-09-04 | 2020-12-29 | Custom Control Sensors, LLC. | Systems and methods for high voltage rating thin film sensors |
US11579032B2 (en) | 2019-09-04 | 2023-02-14 | Custom Control Sensors, LLC | Systems and methods for high voltage rating thin film sensors |
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