DE19606771C2 - Hybrid drive, in particular for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Hybrid drive, in particular for motor vehicles

Info

Publication number
DE19606771C2
DE19606771C2 DE19606771A DE19606771A DE19606771C2 DE 19606771 C2 DE19606771 C2 DE 19606771C2 DE 19606771 A DE19606771 A DE 19606771A DE 19606771 A DE19606771 A DE 19606771A DE 19606771 C2 DE19606771 C2 DE 19606771C2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
gear
superposition
clutch
transmission
superposition gear
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE19606771A
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE19606771A1 (en
Inventor
Jens Schmaler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, ZF Friedrichshafen AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority to DE19606771A priority Critical patent/DE19606771C2/en
Publication of DE19606771A1 publication Critical patent/DE19606771A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE19606771C2 publication Critical patent/DE19606771C2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/26—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, of type of freewheel device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/088—Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0034—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2007—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with two sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/201—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with three sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2012—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with four sets of orbital gears
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hybridantrieb, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge, um­ fassend eine Brennkraftmaschine und ein mit dieser über eine Kupplung (Freilauf) verbundenes aus Elektromaschinen und einem Überlagerungsgetriebe (Summierungsplanetengetriebe) kombiniertes stufenloses Getrie­ be, dessen in Abhängigkeit vom Betriebspunkt als Generator oder Motor wirkende Elektromaschinen über eine Steuerung elektrisch miteinander und mit einem elektrischen Energiespeicher (Batterie) in Verbindung stehen, wobei eine der Elek­ tromaschinen mit einer Reaktionswelle des Überlagerungsgetriebes und die andere, im Motorbetrieb eine Zusatzleistung abgebende und im Generatorbetrieb der Ener­ gierückgewinnung dienende Elektromaschine mit einer der übrigen Wellen (Antriebswelle, Abtriebswelle) des Überlagerungsgetriebes in An­ triebsverbindung steht, und wobei die mit den Elektromaschinen in Antriebsver­ bindung stehenden Wellen (Reaktionswelle und Antriebswelle) des Überlagerungsgetriebes mittels einer ansteuerbaren Überbrückungskupplung dreh­ fest verbindbar sind derart, daß sämtliche Elektromaschinen über das verblockte Überlagerungsgetriebe einen gemeinsamen Antriebsmotor oder einen gemein­ samen Generator bilden.The invention relates to a hybrid drive, in particular for motor vehicles an internal combustion engine and one with this via a clutch (freewheel) connected from electric machines and a superposition gear (Summation planetary gear) combined continuously variable transmission be, which acts as a generator or motor depending on the operating point Electric machines electrically controlled with each other and with a controller electrical energy storage (battery) are connected, one of the elec electric machines with a reaction shaft of the superposition gear and the other, in the engine operation an additional power and in generator operation the Ener yaw recovery electric machine with one of the other shafts (Drive shaft, output shaft) of the superposition gear in An Drive connection is available, and the with the electrical machines in Antriebsver binding waves (reaction shaft and drive shaft) of the Rotation superposition gear by means of a controllable lock-up clutch are firmly connectable in such a way that all electrical machines are blocked Superposition gear a common drive motor or a common form a seed generator.

Ein derartiger Hybridantrieb ist in der DE 41 24 479 A1 beschrieben, auf deren Offenbarung ausdrücklich Bezug genommen wird. Das bei diesem bekannten Hybridantrieb verwendete Getriebe verfügt theoretisch über eine unendlich große Spreizung, so daß es ohne zusätzliches Anfahrelement (Rutschkupplung, hydro­ dynamischer Wandler) in einem mit einer Brennkraftmaschine angetriebenen Kraft­ fahrzeug eingesetzt werden kann. Im normalen Fahrbetrieb mit der Brennkraft­ maschine wird das Drehmoment der Antriebswelle, das heißt der Welle der Brennkraftmaschine mit dem Drehmoment der mit der Reaktionswelle in Antriebsverbindung stehenden Elektromaschine überlagert. Es hat sich aber ge­ zeigt, daß das überlagerte Drehmoment bei bestimmten Betriebszuständen zu klein sein kann, um die Reaktionswelle des Überlagerungsgetriebes abzustützen. Ein weiterer Nachteil dieses bekannten Hybridantriebs besteht darin, daß Elektro­ maschinen gegenüber mechanischen Getrieben einen schlechten Wirkungsgrad haben. Der Anteil der elektrisch übertragenen Leistung und damit die Getriebe­ verluste sind in diesem Getriebe in vielen Betriebspunkten so hoch, daß der Ge­ samtwirkungsgrad gegenüber einem herkömmlichen Antriebsstrang nicht verbessert werden kann. Der Kraftstoffverbrauch steigt eher noch an. Aus Gründen des be­ grenzten Bauraumes und des Gewichtes können in Personenkraftwagen auch nur Elektromaschinen mit sehr begrenzten Maximalmomenten und Maximalleistungen eingesetzt werden, was zu Problemen für die Anwendung dieses Getriebes in Fahr­ zeugen mit höherer Motorisierung führt. Es müssen geringere Fahrleistungen als mit einem rein mechanischen Getriebe hingenommen werden. Außerdem begrenzen die Kennwerte der Elektromaschinen die nutzbare Getriebespreizung.Such a hybrid drive is described in DE 41 24 479 A1, on the Disclosure is expressly made. That with this well-known The hybrid drive used in theory has an infinitely large one Spreading so that there is no additional starting element (slip clutch, hydro dynamic converter) in a force driven by an internal combustion engine vehicle can be used. In normal driving with the internal combustion engine The machine becomes the torque of the drive shaft, i.e. the  Shaft of the internal combustion engine with the torque of the reaction shaft in Drive connection standing electrical machine superimposed. But it has happened shows that the superimposed torque is too small in certain operating conditions can be to support the reaction shaft of the superposition gear. A Another disadvantage of this known hybrid drive is that electrical machines have poor efficiency compared to mechanical gearboxes to have. The proportion of the electrically transmitted power and thus the gear Losses in this transmission are so high in many operating points that the Ge overall efficiency not improved compared to a conventional powertrain can be. Fuel consumption tends to increase. For the sake of be Limited space and weight can only be found in passenger cars Electric machines with very limited maximum torques and maximum powers be used, causing problems for the application of this gear in driving testify with higher motorization leads. Lower mileage than with a purely mechanical transmission. Also limit the characteristic values of the electrical machines the usable gear spread.

In der DE 35 36 335 A1 ist ein stufenloses hydrostatisches-mechanisches Leistungsverzweigungsgetriebe für Kraftfahrzeuge beschrieben, bei welchem zwi­ schen der Reaktionswelle und dem als REVIGNEAUX-Planetenradsatz ausgebilde­ ten Überlagerungsgetriebe ein zweistufiges Übersetzungsgetriebe angeordnet ist, das mittels einer ersten und einer zweiten ansteuerbaren Schaltkupplung schaltbar ist und zwei Abtriebswellen hat. Bei diesem bekannten Leistungsverzweigungs­ getriebe ist der Steg des Überlagerungsgetriebes mit der Abtriebswelle drehfest ver­ bunden, und das Hohlrad des Überlagerungsgetriebes ist direkt mit der Antriebs­ welle verbunden. In allen offenbarten Ausführungsformen ist eine Bremse am Planetenradträger (Steg) des Übersetzungsgetriebes nötig und stets ist dessen Hohlrad drehfest mit der Abtriebswelle verbunden. Bei diesem hydrostatisch- mechanischen Leistungsverzweigungsgetriebe ist das zweistufige Übersetzungs­ getriebe bei mechanischem Antrieb des Kraftfahrzeugs unwirksam. Eine Über­ setzung der Drehzahl der Reaktionswelle zur Vergrößerung ihres Drehmoments ist daher nicht möglich.DE 35 36 335 A1 describes a continuously variable hydrostatic-mechanical Power split transmission for motor vehicles described, in which between between the reaction shaft and the REVIGNEAUX planetary gear set a two-stage transmission gear is arranged, switchable by means of a first and a second controllable clutch is and has two output shafts. In this known power split gear is the web of the superposition gear with the output shaft rotatably ver tied, and the ring gear of the superposition gear is directly with the drive wave connected. In all of the disclosed embodiments, a brake is on Planetary gear carrier (web) of the transmission gear is necessary and always is Ring gear rotatably connected to the output shaft. With this hydrostatic mechanical power split transmission is the two-stage gear ratio gear ineffective with mechanical drive of the motor vehicle. An over is setting the speed of the reaction shaft to increase its torque therefore not possible.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den gattungsgemäßen Hybridantrieb dahingehend zu verbessern, daß die nutzbare Getriebespreizung vergrößert und die übertragene elektrische Leistung verringert wird.The invention has for its object the generic hybrid drive to improve in that the usable transmission spread increases and the transmitted electrical power is reduced.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist im Patentanspruch 1 angegeben.The solution to this problem is specified in claim 1.

Durch die Anordnung eines zwischen der Reaktionswelle und dem Überlagerungs­ getriebe angeordneten zweistufigen Übersetzungsgetriebes ist es möglich, durch entsprechende Untersetzung der Drehzahl der zugeordneten Elektromaschine deren Drehmoment zu vervielfachen, so daß in allen Betriebszuständen ein ausrei­ chendes Drehmoment auf die Hohlräder der Überlagerungsgetriebe ausgeübt wer­ den kann. Die Unterteilung des Überlagerungsgetriebes in ein als Planetengetriebe ausgebildetes erstes und ein zweites Überlagerungsgetriebe unterschiedlicher Übersetzung ermöglicht eine Vergrößerung der nutzbaren Getriebespreizung und eine Verringerung der elektrisch übertragenen Leistung. Der erfindungsgemäße Hybridantrieb ermöglicht daher eine Steigerung des Gesamtwirkungsgrades und eine Verringerung des Kraftstoffverbrauchs.By placing one between the reaction wave and the overlay gear arranged two-stage transmission gear, it is possible to corresponding reduction of the speed of the assigned electric machine multiply their torque, so that in all operating states a sufficient torque exerted on the ring gears of the superposition gears that can. The subdivision of the superposition gear into a planetary gear trained first and a second superposition gear different Gear ratio allows an increase in the usable gear spread and a reduction in the power transmitted. The invention Hybrid drive therefore enables an increase in overall efficiency and a reduction in fuel consumption.

Zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteran­ sprüchen.Appropriate developments of the invention result from the Unteran sayings.

Einige bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung darge­ stellt und werden nachfolgend näher erläutert. Es zeigt:Some preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing represents and are explained in more detail below. It shows:

Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Hybridantriebs gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a hybrid drive according to a first embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 2 eine Darstellung ähnlich wie Fig. 1, die aber eine zweite Ausführungsform der Erfindung zeigt, und Fig. 2 is an illustration similar to Fig. 1, but showing a second embodiment of the invention, and

Fig. 3 eine Darstellung ähnlich wie Fig. 1, die aber eine dritte Ausführungsform der Erfindung zeigt. Fig. 3 is an illustration similar to Fig. 1, but showing a third embodiment of the invention.

Ein Hybridantrieb für ein Kraftfahrzeug umfaßt eine (nicht gezeigte) Brennkraft­ maschine und ein über eine Kupplung - Freilauf 2 - mit deren Abtriebswelle - Motor­ welle 1 - verbundenes, aus Elektromaschinen 3, 4 und einem dreiwelligen Über­ lagerungsgetriebe 5, 6 (Summierungsplanetengetriebe) kombiniertes stufenloses Getriebe. Die in Abhängigkeit vom Betriebspunkt als Generator oder als Motor wirkenden Elektromaschinen 3, 4 stehen über eine Steuereinrichtung 7 untereinan­ der und mit einem elektrischen Energiespeicher - Batterie 8 - in Verbindung. Ähnlich wie bei dem Hybridantrieb nach der eingangs erwähnten DE 41 24 479 A1 steht eine der Elektromaschinen 3 mit einer Reaktionswelle 9 in Antriebsverbindung, und die andere Elektromaschine 4, die im Motorbetrieb eine Zusatzleistung abgibt und im Generatorbetrieb der Energierückgewinnung dient, steht mit der Antriebswelle 10 des Überlagerungsgetriebes 5, 6 in Antriebsverbindung. Um einen von der (nicht gezeigten) Brennkraftmaschine gesonderten verlustarmen und leistungsstarken Elektroantrieb zu erzielen, sind die mit den Elektromaschinen 3 und 4 in Antriebsverbindung stehenden Wellen, nämlich die Reaktionswelle 9 und die Antriebswelle 10 des Überlagerungsgetriebes 5, 6 mittels einer an­ steuerbaren Überbrückungskupplung 11 drehfest derart verbindbar, daß bei gelöster brennkraftmaschinenseitiger Kupplung - Freilauf 2 - sämtliche Elektromaschinen 3, 4 über das verblockte Überlagerungsgetriebe 5, 6 einen gesonderten Antriebsmotor bilden.A hybrid drive for a motor vehicle includes an internal combustion engine (not shown) and a clutch - freewheel 2 - with its output shaft - motor shaft 1 - connected, from electric machines 3 , 4 and a three-shaft superposition gear 5 , 6 (summation planetary gear) combined continuously variable Transmission. The electrical machines 3 , 4 , which act as a generator or as a motor depending on the operating point, are connected to one another via a control device 7 and to an electrical energy storage device - battery 8 -. Similar to the hybrid drive according to DE 41 24 479 A1 mentioned at the outset, one of the electrical machines 3 is in drive connection with a reaction shaft 9 , and the other electrical machine 4 , which provides additional power in motor operation and is used for energy recovery in generator operation, is connected to drive shaft 10 of the superposition gear 5 , 6 in drive connection. In order to achieve a low-loss and powerful electric drive separate from the internal combustion engine (not shown), the shafts which are in drive connection with the electric machines 3 and 4 , namely the reaction shaft 9 and the drive shaft 10 of the superposition gear 5 , 6, are rotationally fixed by means of a controllable lockup clutch 11 connectable in such a way that when the clutch on the internal combustion engine is released - freewheel 2 - all electric machines 3 , 4 form a separate drive motor via the interlocking superposition gear 5 , 6 .

Auf der mit der Abtriebswelle 12 des Überlagerungsgetriebes 5, 6 fluchtenden Antriebswelle 10 ist ein Anker 13 der Elektromaschine 4 drehfest an­ geordnet, wobei die Antriebswelle 10 zusätzlich den antriebsseitigen Teil 14 der mit dem Überlagerungsgetriebe 5, 6 in Antriebsverbindung stehenden ansteuerbaren Überbrückungskupplung 11 trägt. Schließlich ist die Antriebswelle 10 über den Freilauf 2 mit der Motorwelle 1 der (nicht gezeigten) Brennkraftmaschine kuppelbar.On the drive shaft 10 aligned with the output shaft 12 of the superposition gear 5 , 6 , an armature 13 of the electric machine 4 is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner, the drive shaft 10 additionally carrying the drive-side part 14 of the controllable lockup clutch 11 which is in drive connection with the superposition gear 5 , 6 . Finally, the drive shaft 10 can be coupled to the motor shaft 1 of the internal combustion engine (not shown) via the freewheel 2 .

Das Überlagerungsgetriebe umfaßt ein als Planetengetriebe ausgebildetes erstes Überlagerungsgetriebe 5 und ein als Planetengetriebe ausgebildetes zweites Über­ lagerungsgetriebe 6. Im Überlagerungsgetriebe 5, 6 wird das Moment der Antriebswelle 10 mit dem Moment der Elektromaschine 3 überlagert. Zur Erhöhung des am Hohlrad 15 des ersten Überlagerungsgetriebes 5 möglichen Momentes befindet sich zwischen der Elektromaschine 3 und diesem Hohlrad 15 ein Übersetzungsgetriebe 16, welches mit einer ersten Schaltkupplung 17 aktiviert und mit einer zweiten Schaltkupplung 18 überbrückt werden kann, wobei mit der Über­ brückung des Übersetzungsgetriebes 16 gleichzeitig das zweite Überlagerungs­ getriebe 6 aktiviert und das erste Überlagerungsgetriebe 5 aus dem Leistungsfluß entfernt wird. Das Umschalten zwischen den beiden Schaltkupplungen 17, 18 kann ohne Drehzahldifferenz in den Kupplungen erfolgen.The superposition gear comprises a first superposition gear 5 designed as a planetary gear and a second superposition gear 6 designed as a planetary gear. In the superposition gear 5 , 6 , the torque of the drive shaft 10 is superimposed on the torque of the electric machine 3 . To increase the possible on the ring gear 15 of the first superposition gear 5, there is a transmission gear 16 between the electric machine 3 and this ring gear 15 , which can be activated with a first clutch 17 and can be bridged with a second clutch 18 , with bypassing the transmission 16 at the same time the second superposition gear 6 is activated and the first superposition gear 5 is removed from the power flow. Switching between the two clutches 17 , 18 can take place without a speed difference in the clutches.

Bei vorgegebener Drehzahl der Antriebswelle 10 kann durch Steuerung der Elektromaschine 3 bzw. beider Elektromaschinen 3, 4 die Drehzahl der Abtriebswelle 12 von einem negativen Wert über den 0-Punkt bis zu einer Maxi­ maldrehzahl, und damit bis zu einer entsprechenden Maximalgeschwindigkeit des Kraftfahrzeuges stufenlos verstellt werden. Die beiden Elektromaschinen 3 und 4 können so geschaltet werden, daß jeweils eine den Energiebedarf der anderen deckt. Bei Realisierung eines Hybridantriebes kann zusätzlich Energie aus dem Energiespeicher 8 entnommen oder an diesen abgegeben werden.For a given speed of the drive shaft 10 can by controlling the electric machine 3 or both electric machines 3 , 4, the speed of the output shaft 12 from a negative value through the 0 point to a maximum speed, and thus continuously adjusted to a corresponding maximum speed of the motor vehicle will. The two electric machines 3 and 4 can be switched so that one covers the energy requirements of the other. When a hybrid drive is implemented, additional energy can be taken from the energy store 8 or delivered to it.

Mit der Überbrückungskupplung 11 wird das Überlagerungsgetriebe 5, 6 verblockt. Bei geschlossener Überbrückungskupplung 11 wird die Antriebsleistung rein mechanisch zur Abtriebswelle 12 übertragen, und eine Veränderung der Drehzahl der Abtriebswelle 12 ist nur noch durch eine Änderung der Drehzahl der Antriebswelle 10 möglich.The superposition gear 5 , 6 is blocked with the lock-up clutch 11 . When the lock-up clutch 11 is closed, the drive power is transmitted to the output shaft 12 purely mechanically, and a change in the speed of the output shaft 12 is only possible by changing the speed of the drive shaft 10 .

Mit dem Getriebe ist es möglich ein Kraftfahrzeug elektrisch abzubremsen. In einem Hybridfahrzeug kann diese Bremsenergie von dem Energiespeicher 8 aufge­ nommen werden.With the transmission, it is possible to brake a motor vehicle electrically. In a hybrid vehicle, this braking energy can be taken up by the energy store 8 .

Mit diesem Getriebe kann ein elektrischer Antrieb realisiert werden. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Antriebswelle 10 durch den Freilauf 2 von der Motor­ welle 1 der (nicht gezeigten) Brennkraftmaschine getrennt. Die Überbrückungs­ kupplung 11 kann geschlossen werden, und die beiden Elektromaschinen 3 und 4 können gemeinsam den Antrieb des Fahrzeuges übernehmen.An electric drive can be realized with this gear. For this purpose, the drive shaft 10 is separated by the freewheel 2 from the motor shaft 1 of the (not shown) internal combustion engine. The lockup clutch 11 can be closed, and the two electric machines 3 and 4 can jointly take over the drive of the vehicle.

Die Antriebswelle 10 ist mit dem Sonnenrad 19 des Überlagerungs­ getriebes 5, 6 verbunden. Die beiden Überlagerungsgetriebe 5, 6 entstehen durch die Verwendung von zwei als Stufenplanetenrad ausgebildeten Planetenrädern 21, 22 und zwei Hohlrädern 15, 23. Je nach dem, welche der beiden Schaltkupplungen 17, 18 geschlossen ist, befindet sich jeweils eines der Hohlräder 15, 23 im Leistungsfluß.The drive shaft 10 is connected to the sun gear 19 of the superposition gear 5 , 6 . The two superposition gears 5 , 6 result from the use of two planet gears 21 , 22 designed as a stepped planet gear and two ring gears 15 , 23 . Depending on which of the two clutches 17 , 18 is closed, one of the ring gears 15 , 23 is in the power flow.

Das Hohlrad 15 des ersten Überlagerungsgetriebes 5 ist über das Übersetzungs­ getriebe 16 und die erste Schaltkupplung 17 mit der Elektromaschine 3 verbunden. Das Hohlrad 23 des zweiten Überlagerungsgetriebes 6 ist über die zweite Schalt­ kupplung 18 direkt mit der Elektromaschine 3 verbunden. Der Steg 26 des ersten bzw. zweiten Überlagerungsgetriebes 5, 6 ist mit der Abtriebswelle 12 fest ver­ bunden.The ring gear 15 of the first superposition gear 5 is connected via the transmission gear 16 and the first clutch 17 to the electric machine 3 . The ring gear 23 of the second superposition gear 6 is directly connected to the electric machine 3 via the second clutch 18 . The web 26 of the first or second superposition gear 5 , 6 is fixedly connected to the output shaft 12 .

Dieses Getriebe kommt ohne zusätzliches Anfahrorgan aus, es ist ein unendlich, stufenlos übersetzendes Getriebe. Im unteren Geschwindigkeitsbereich und für Rückwärtsfahrt wird das Übersetzungsgetriebe 16 in Verbindung mit dem ersten Überlagerungsgetriebe 5 benutzt. Durch die Übersetzung des Momentes der Elek­ tromaschine 3 steht am Hohlrad 15 des ersten Überlagerungsgetriebes 5 dabei ein hohes Moment zur Verfügung, was auch ein hohes Moment an der Abtriebswelle 12 ermöglicht. Durch das negative Übersetzungsverhältnis des Übersetzungsgetriebes 16 kommt es bei steigender Drehzahl der Abtriebswelle 12 bei einem bestimmten Verhältnis zwischen den Drehzahlen der Abtriebswelle 12 und der Antriebswelle 10 (das durch die Standübersetzungen der verschiedenen Planetenradsätze festgelegt ist) in der zweiten Schaltkupplung 18 zur Drehzahldifferenz 0. In diesem Punkt wird die zweite Schaltkupplung 18 geschlossen, und die erste Schaltkupplung 17 wird geöffnet. Wenn das zweite Überlagerungsgetriebe 6 durch Schließen der zweiten Schaltkupplung 18 aktiviert wird, dann liegt am Hohlrad 23 des zweiten Überlage­ rungsgetriebes 6 das Moment der Elektromaschine 3 an. Durch die Überbrückungs­ kupplung 11 können die beiden Überlagerungsgetriebe 5, 6 verblockt werden. Damit wird die Antriebswelle 10 unmittelbar mit der Ab­ triebswelle 12 verbunden.This transmission does not require an additional starting device, it is an infinitely variable transmission. In the lower speed range and for reverse travel, the transmission gear 16 is used in conjunction with the first superposition gear 5 . Due to the translation of the torque of the electric machine 3 , a high torque is available on the ring gear 15 of the first superposition gear 5 , which also enables a high torque on the output shaft 12 . As a result of the negative transmission ratio of the transmission gear 16 , as the speed of the output shaft 12 increases, the speed difference of 0 in the second clutch 18 occurs at a specific ratio between the speeds of the output shaft 12 and the drive shaft 10 (which is determined by the gear ratios of the various planetary gear sets). In At this point, the second clutch 18 is closed and the first clutch 17 is opened. When the second superposition gear 6 is activated by engaging the second clutch 18, then is situated at the ring gear 23 of the second overlay approximately transmission 6 to the torque of the electric machine. 3 Through the lockup clutch 11 , the two superposition gear 5 , 6 can be blocked. So that the drive shaft 10 is directly connected to the drive shaft 12 from .

Mit diesem Getriebe kann jederzeit elektrisch gebremst werden. Fahrleistungen können im normalen Fahrbetrieb, das heißt beim Antrieb durch die Brennkraft­ maschine durch zusätzliche elektrische Leistung aus dem Energiespeicher 8 erhöht werden. Zur Realisierung eines Elektroantriebs können die beiden Überlagerungs­ getriebe 5 und 6 durch die Überbrückungskupplung 11 blockiert werden, und die Antriebswelle 10 wird über den Freilauf 2 von der Motorwelle 1 ge­ trennt. Bei blockierten Überlagerungsgetrieben 5, 6 dreht sich die Elektromaschine 4 mit der Drehzahl der Abtriebswelle 12, und die Elektromaschine 3 kann je nach ge­ wünschter Drehzahl, beziehungsweise gewünschtem Moment der Abtriebswelle 12 über die erste Schaltkupplung 17 oder die zweite Schaltkupplung 18 mit den blockierten Überlagerungsgetrieben 5, 6 verbunden werden.With this gearbox you can brake electrically at any time. Mileage can be increased in normal driving, that is, when driven by the internal combustion engine by additional electrical power from the energy store 8 . To realize an electric drive, the two superposition gear 5 and 6 can be blocked by the lock-up clutch 11 , and the drive shaft 10 is separated via the freewheel 2 from the motor shaft 1 GE. In the case of blocked superposition gears 5 , 6 , the electric machine 4 rotates at the speed of the output shaft 12 , and the electric machine 3 can, depending on the desired speed or the desired torque of the output shaft 12, via the first clutch 17 or the second clutch 18 with the blocked superposition gears 5 , 6 are connected.

Die zum Verblocken der Überlagerungsgetriebe 5, 6 dienende Überbrückungs­ kupplung 11 kann alternativ zu der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform auch zwischen der Welle des Sonnenrades 19 und der des Hohlrades 23, den beiden Hohlrädern 15, und 23 oder zwischen dem Hohlrad 15 und der Abtriebswelle 12 angeordnet werden.Serving to block the superposition gear 5 , 6 lockup clutch 11 can alternatively to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 between the shaft of the sun gear 19 and that of the ring gear 23 , the two ring gears 15 , and 23 or between the ring gear 15 and the output shaft 12 are arranged.

Als weitere Alternative kann auch eines der Hohlräder 15 oder 23 der Überla­ gerungsgetriebe 5, 6 festgebremst werden, indem zu einem (nicht gezeigten) Ge­ häuse eine Verbindung hergestellt wird. Dann wirkt das entsprechende Planeten­ getriebe 19, 21, 15 oder 19, 21, 22, 23 als konstante Übersetzung. Diese Wirkung wird auch durch das gleichzeitige Schließen beider Schaltkupplungen 17 und 18 er­ reicht.As a further alternative, one of the ring gears 15 or 23 of the superimposed transmission 5 , 6 can be braked by making a connection to a housing (not shown). Then the corresponding planetary gear 19 , 21 , 15 or 19 , 21 , 22 , 23 acts as a constant translation. This effect is also achieved by simultaneously closing both clutches 17 and 18 .

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Abwandlung des oben beschriebenen Getriebes. Durch die Ver­ wendung von zwei unabhängig voneinander aufgebauten Überlagerungsgetrieben 5', 6', die beide als Planetengetriebe ausgebildet sind, bestehen bei der Auswahl der Übersetzungen dieser Getriebe größere Freiheiten. Darüber hinaus ist zusätzlich zu einem ersten Übersetzungsgetriebe 24 ein zweites Übersetzungsgetriebe 25 vor­ gesehen. Der Einsatz dieses ebenfalls als Planetengetriebe ausgebildeten zweiten Übersetzungsgetriebes 25 kann nötig sein, wenn sich anders die geforderten Werte an der Abtriebswelle 12 (zum Beispiel sehr hohe Momente) mit den vorhandenen Elektromaschinen 3, 4 nicht verwirklichen lassen. Wenn die erste Schaltkupplung 17 geschlossen ist, dann befinden sich beide Übersetzungsgetriebe 24 und 25 im Leistungsfluß. Wenn hingegen die zweite Schaltkupplung 18 geschlossen ist, dann ist nur das zweite Übersetzungsgetriebe 25 wirksam. Fig. 2 shows a modification of the transmission described above. By using two independently constructed superposition gears 5 ', 6 ', both of which are designed as planetary gears, there is greater freedom in the selection of the ratios of these gears. In addition to a first transmission gear 24, a second transmission gear 25 is seen before. It may be necessary to use this second transmission 25 , which is also designed as a planetary gear, if the required values on the output shaft 12 (for example, very high torques) cannot be achieved with the existing electric machines 3 , 4 . When the first clutch 17 is closed, both transmission gears 24 and 25 are in the power flow. If, however, the second clutch 18 is closed, then only the second transmission 25 is effective.

Die in Fig. 3 dargestellte Ausführungsform erlaubt noch größere Freiheiten bei der Übersetzungswahl, da hier jeweils nur eines der beiden als Planetengetriebe aus­ gebildeten ersten und zweiten Übersetzungsgetriebe 24' und 25' genutzt wird. Die Übersetzungsverhältnisse können so ganz individuell für die Anforderungen in den jeweiligen Fahrbereichen abgestimmt werden. Wählt man in dieser Konstruktion für eines der beiden Übersetzungsgetriebe 24' oder 25' eine negative und für das an­ dere eine positive Übersetzung, kann auch hier das Umschalten zwischen den beiden Schaltkupplungen 17, 18 ohne Differenzdrehzahl erfolgen.The embodiment shown in FIG. 3 allows even greater freedom in the selection of gear ratios, since only one of the two first and second gear ratios 24 'and 25 ' formed as a planetary gear is used here. The gear ratios can thus be individually tailored to the requirements in the respective driving areas. If one chooses in this construction for one of the two transmission gears 24 'or 25 ' a negative and for the other a positive transmission ratio, the switching between the two clutches 17 , 18 can also take place without differential speed.

Alternativ zu den beiden Elektromaschinen (elektrischer Wandler) können auch zwei Hydrostaten (hydrostatischer Wandler), hydrodynamische Wandler oder andere stufenlose Getriebe eingesetzt werden.As an alternative to the two electrical machines (electrical converter), two can also be used Hydrostat (hydrostatic converter), hydrodynamic converter or others continuously variable transmissions can be used.

Alle vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen eines unendlich stufenlos über­ setzenden Getriebes ermöglichen hohe Antriebsleistungen mit Hilfe relativ kleiner Elektromaschinen und demzufolge bei kleinem Bauraum und Gewicht. Durch die Absenkung des Anteils der elektrisch übertragenen Leistung in einem breiten An­ wendungsbereich können die Leistungsverluste verringert werden, und der Kraft­ stoffverbrauch kann gesenkt werden. Neben einer großen nutzbaren Getriebe­ spreizung ergibt sich auch ein hoher Fahrkomfort und eine geringe Belastung der Schaltkupplung durch Umschalten zwischen den Betriebsbereichen bei Differenz­ drehzahl 0.All of the above-described embodiments of an infinitely infinitely variable setting gears enable high drive powers with the help of relatively smaller ones Electrical machines and therefore with a small space and weight. Through the Lowering the share of electrical power transmitted in a wide range application range, power loss and power can be reduced fabric consumption can be reduced. In addition to a large usable transmission spreading also results in a high level of driving comfort and low stress on the Clutch by switching between the operating ranges in the event of a difference speed 0.

Claims (7)

1. Hybridantrieb, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge, umfassend eine Brennkraft­ maschine und ein mit dieser über eine Kupplung (Freilauf) verbundenes aus Elektromaschinen und einem Überlagerungsgetriebe (Summierungsplanetengetriebe) kombiniertes stufenloses Getriebe, dessen in Abhängigkeit vom Betriebspunkt als Generator oder Motor wirkende Elektromaschinen über eine Steuerung elektrisch miteinander und mit einem elektrischen Energiespeicher (Batterie) in Verbindung stehen, wobei eine der Elektromaschinen mit einer Reaktionswelle des Überlagerungsgetriebes und die andere, im Motorbetrieb eine Zusatzleistung abgebende und im Gene­ ratorbetrieb der Energierückgewinnung dienende Elektromaschine mit einer der übrigen Wellen (Antriebswelle, Abtriebswelle) des Überlagerungs­ getriebes in Antriebsverbindung steht, und die mit den Elektromaschinen in Antriebsverbindung stehenden Wellen (Reaktionswelle und Antriebswelle) des Überlagerungsgetriebes mittels einer ansteuerbaren Überbrückungs­ kupplung drehfest verbindbar sind derart, daß sämtliche Elektromaschinen über das verblockte Überlagerungsgetriebe einen gemeinsamen Antriebs­ motor oder einen gemeinsamen Generator bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reaktionswelle (9) mit dem Überlagerungsgetriebe (5, 6) durch ein zweistufiges Übersetzungsgetriebe (16; 24, 25) verbunden ist, daß das Überlagerungsgetriebe ein als Planetengetriebe ausgebildetes erstes und zweites Überlagerungsgetriebe (5 und 6) umfaßt, daß das Hohlrad (15) des ersten Überlagerungsgetriebes (5) über das Übersetzungsgetriebe (16; 24, 25) und eine erste Schaltkupplung (17) mit der Elektromaschine (3) ver­ bunden ist, daß das Hohlrad (23) des zweiten Überlagerungsgetriebes (6) über eine zweite Schaltkupplung (18) mit der Elektromaschine (3) verbunden ist, und daß der Steg (26) des ersten und zweiten Überlagerungsgetriebes (5, 6) mit der Abtriebswelle (12) drehfest verbunden ist. 1.Hybrid drive, in particular for motor vehicles, comprising an internal combustion engine and a continuously variable transmission, which is connected to the latter via a clutch (freewheel) and is combined from electric machines and a superposition gear (summation planetary gear), the electric machines of which act as a generator or motor depending on the operating point via a control system are connected to each other and to an electrical energy storage device (battery), one of the electrical machines with a reaction shaft of the superposition gear and the other, in the engine mode providing an additional power and in generator mode serving energy recovery with one of the other shafts (drive shaft, output shaft) Superposition gear is in drive connection, and the shafts (reaction shaft and drive shaft) of the superposition gear connected to the electric machines by means of a controllable bypass s coupling can be connected in a rotationally fixed manner in such a way that all electric machines form a common drive motor or a common generator via the interlocked superposition gear, characterized in that the reaction shaft ( 9 ) with the superposition gear ( 5 , 6 ) by a two-stage transmission gear ( 16 ; 24 , 25 ) that the superposition gear comprises a first and second superposition gear ( 5 and 6 ) designed as a planetary gear, that the ring gear ( 15 ) of the first superposition gear ( 5 ) via the transmission gear ( 16 ; 24 , 25 ) and a first Switching clutch ( 17 ) with the electric machine ( 3 ) is connected that the ring gear ( 23 ) of the second superposition gear ( 6 ) is connected to the electric machine ( 3 ) via a second clutch ( 18 ), and that the web ( 26 ) of the first and second superposition gear ( 5 , 6 ) is rotatably connected to the output shaft ( 12 ). 2. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Hohlrad (23) des zweiten Überlagerungsgetriebes (6) über die zweite Schaltkupplung (18) direkt mit der Elektromaschine (3) verbunden ist. (Fig. 1)2. Hybrid drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring gear ( 23 ) of the second superposition gear ( 6 ) via the second clutch ( 18 ) is connected directly to the electric machine ( 3 ). ( Fig. 1) 3. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Planeten­ räder (21, 22) der beiden Überlagerungsgetriebe (5, 6) als ein Stufen­ planetenrad ausgebildet sind. (Fig. 1)3. Hybrid drive according to claim 2, characterized in that the planet wheels ( 21 , 22 ) of the two superposition gears ( 5 , 6 ) are designed as a step planet gear. ( Fig. 1) 4. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Überset­ zungsgetriebe in ein erstes und ein zweites Übersetzungsgetriebe (24, 25) unterteilt ist. (Fig. 2 und 3)4. Hybrid drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission gearing is divided into a first and a second transmission gear ( 24 , 25 ). ( Figs. 2 and 3) 5. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Hohlrad (15) des ersten Überlagerungsgetriebes (5) über das erste Übersetzungs­ getriebe (24), die erste Schaltkupplung (17) und das zweite Übersetzungs­ getriebe (25) mit der Elektromaschine (3) verbunden ist, und daß das Hohl­ rad (23) des zweiten Überlagerungsgetriebes (6) über die zweite Schalt­ kupplung (18) und das zweite Übersetzungsgetriebe (25) mit der Elektro­ maschine (3) verbunden ist. (Fig. 2)5. Hybrid drive according to claim 4, characterized in that the ring gear ( 15 ) of the first superposition gear ( 5 ) via the first transmission gear ( 24 ), the first clutch ( 17 ) and the second transmission gear ( 25 ) with the electric machine ( 3rd ) is connected, and that the hollow wheel ( 23 ) of the second superposition gear ( 6 ) via the second clutch ( 18 ) and the second transmission gear ( 25 ) with the electric machine ( 3 ) is connected. ( Fig. 2) 6. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Hohlrad (15) des ersten Überlagerungsgetriebes (5) über das erste Übersetzungs­ getriebe (24') und die erste Schaltkupplung (17) mit der Elektromaschine (3) verbunden ist, und daß das Hohlrad (23) des zweiten Überlagerungs­ getriebes (6) über das zweite Übersetzungsgetriebe (25') und die zweite Schaltkupplung (18) mit der Elektromaschine (3) verbunden ist. (Fig. 3)6. Hybrid drive according to claim 4, characterized in that the ring gear ( 15 ) of the first superposition gear ( 5 ) via the first transmission gear ( 24 ') and the first clutch ( 17 ) is connected to the electric machine ( 3 ), and that Ring gear ( 23 ) of the second superposition gear ( 6 ) via the second transmission gear ( 25 ') and the second clutch ( 18 ) is connected to the electric machine ( 3 ). ( Fig. 3) 7. Hybridantrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß die Abtriebswelle (12) über eine Überbrückungskupplung (11) mit der Antriebswelle (10) verbindbar ist.7. Hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the output shaft ( 12 ) via a lock-up clutch ( 11 ) with the drive shaft ( 10 ) can be connected.
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