DE19602154C2 - Filter method and filter device for drinking water - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a filtering method for drinking water for filtering and at the same time backwash. The invention further relates to a filter device for drinking water water for filtering and backwashing at the same time, to carry out the aforementioned filtering process.

Before drinking water is supplied to consumers, it is regularly necessary to subject this water to filtration first. This is under the The term filtration refers to mechanical filtration, deacidification, adsorption and understood the same, with certain undesirable substances removed from the water become. This is usually done in filter systems. Is located in the filter systems a filter material suitable for the respective purpose, the more common is grainy. When the water passes through the filter material, it is stored from germs and turbidities in the interstices of this material. there after a relatively short time, nests can form in which turbidity accumulates or germs take place. For this reason it is necessary to be in to backwash the filter material at appropriate intervals. Here will then flows through the filter material in the opposite direction, it in the Rule for completely or at least essentially completely removing the Nests are coming.

DE 44 09 192 C1 describes a method and a device for simultaneous use Backwashing and deacidification of drinking water is known, the water in one a deaerating material connected to a water supply line Deacidification tank via a first connected to the water supply line Feed line is fed through the deacidification tank in one direction flows and flows through a first drain line into the water supply line. For backwashing, the first feed line and the first drain line are removed locks and the deacidification tank is in the opposite direction flows. It is to reduce the design effort and, if necessary Avoid the disposal of the backwashed water as much as possible see that for backwashing water over a second with the water supply company connected supply line is supplied to the deacidification tank and The deacidification tank flows in the opposite direction.  

In this known method is in regular, comparatively short from the flow direction would be changed, so that it does not even form the aforementioned nests comes. It was found that the turbidity or pollutant content during backwashing is comparatively low if the Backwashing previous deacidification or filtering process does not take too long, the backwashed water with this low turbidity or pollutant content can then be easily supplied to the consumer. As a result, the The aforementioned prior art has the advantage that with a single deacidification continuous operation with little mechanical effort can be continued, with no water loss occurring during backwashing, since the backwash flushed water back to the water supply line without any problems Consumers can be supplied as process water.

Although already with the device known from DE 44 09 192 C1 can achieve very good drinking water quality, it is required for some applications The water quality and in particular the amount of turbidity in the water still knows to decrease ter.

EP 0 452 042 A1 describes a method and an apparatus for filtering Water and backwashing are known, two filter containers being provided. The two filter containers are connected such that the be in the filter containers sensitive filter material is always flowed through from top to bottom. For backwashing are separate backwash lines for each filter container seen.

From BE 833 673, presentation from Chemical Patents Index, Derwent Publications LTD, London, Ref. No. 14999 X / 09, a treatment process for wastewater goes to Separation of oil on the one hand and solid contamination on the other hand Waste water. The system used for this has two filter containers with filters material on. A treatment plant is located between these two filter containers device that is flowed horizontally. The processing device, the has a large number of inclined plates, serves for separation on the one hand of oil and, on the other hand, solid contaminants in wastewater. The oil rises there with over the inclined plates in the upper extraction area of the filter device  on while the solid particles fall to the bottom of this facility and be deducted there. The one between the filter containers Treatment facility is the centerpiece of the known wastewater treatment plant tion system, because at this point the separation or separation of the oil and the solid contamination occurs. It works without the processing device known wastewater treatment plant not. For cleaning purposes, i.e. H. to the It is intended to clean the dirty filter, the flow direction of the waste water sers to change periodically.

The object of the present invention is now a filter method for drinking water for filtering and backwashing at the same time a very good drinking water quality with a significantly reduced amount of turbidity can be achieved.

To achieve the above object, a filter process for drinking water is used Filtering and simultaneous backwashing are suggested, the water being a first a first filter material containing filter container is fed and the first fil Term material flows through from bottom to top, with the water from the top of the first filter container via a flow connection to the upper area of a second filter container containing a second filter material is supplied, the second filter material flows from top to bottom and is discharged, wherein in the flow direction reversed at regular or irregular intervals being, with an accumulation of cloudy substances in the upper areas of the two Filter container and the flow connection is achieved, and after reaching a predetermined turbidity concentration over at least one of the upper areas surface and / or the flow connection during the filtering / backwashing nuously or discontinuously at least part of the water flowing through Loss water is removed without an additional treatment step for the Water is provided between the first and second filter containers.

According to the device, the filter device is provided with a first and a first fil filter container containing termaterial, with a second or a second filter material containing filter container and with a control device for switching the Flow direction of the water through the filter container, the first filter container  has at least a first flow opening, the upper region of the Most filter container with the upper area of the second filter container over a Flow connection is connected, wherein the second filter container is a second Has flow opening and in at least one of the upper regions and / or at the flow connection a water drain for removal at least one Part of the water flowing through is provided as waste water without an additional treatment stage for the water between the first and the second filter container is provided.

That with the filter method according to the invention or the filter according to the invention device an excellent water quality with an extremely low turbidity share is reached follows from the following. Will the first filter material from below Flows upwards, there is a movement of the first filter material, where loosen any nests in the filter material and in the upper area of the first Filter container are washed up. From the top of the first filter canister the turbid water reaches the upper one via the flow connection Area of the second filter container in which the flow direction of the What the actual filtration effect from top to bottom. During that Water flows through the filter material, the turbidity remains essentially Lichen in the upper area of the second filter container. Now becomes the flow guide vice versa, it will be in the second filter material of the second filter container sensitive cloud material upwards in the upper area of the second filter container and then flows into the upper area of the first fil container, where the filtering action of the first filter material begins. Regular switching of the flow direction results in enrichment of turbid water in the upper areas of the two filter tanks. In order to prevent the two filter containers from becoming clogged with the turbid material, now at regular or irregular intervals and / or continuously or dis continuously water, which has a very high turbidity concentration, from the upper Areas.

In the invention, therefore, an enrichment is targeted between two filter containers made of turbid substances, whereby the highly turbid material is continuously removed  the result is a water quality with an extremely low turbidity content is reached.

To achieve the direction of flow through the filter container from bottom to top it is in principle possible to have at least one flow opening in the upper one Arrange area of the filter container and then the inflowing water over a ring channel or the like first within the filter container down to lead. This is constructively complex. With a structurally simple The embodiment is therefore the flow opening in the lower region of the filter container ters provided. This applies to both filter containers.

A particularly good backwashing of the filter material when flowing through from below upwards results when the filter material in the filter container flows through loosened up. Loosened up means that the filter material from water flowing upwards is raised so that any germs and turbid nests can be discharged. The filter is according to the device material arranged for this purpose in the filter container on a nozzle bottom, wherein the at least one flow opening is arranged below the nozzle bottom is not. In the bottom of the nozzle there are a number of nozzles through which the supplied Water is virtually injected and the filter material is thereby raised.

In principle, it is possible to remove the cloudy water from the upper areas Chen the filter container continuously during filtering or backwashing respectively. This can be done in such a way that part of the between the two filter containers tern in the upper area of flowing water via a corresponding branch constantly and always in the same amount. Because the quality of the raw water can also change, it is advisable if the amount of discharged Waste water and / or the time and / or the duration of the removal of the Loss water is determined via a measuring device. Depending on the turbidity portion of the substance is controlled by the measuring device, the removal of the waste water ert, while ensuring that a sufficient amount of flowing water is supplied to the consumer.  

Experiments have shown that, depending on the water quality, switching the Flow direction at intervals of between half an hour and ten Hours is required.

In principle, it is possible to use the first filter container and the second filter container to be provided in a common tank, in which case only two filterbe rich are provided, which are separated from each other by a partition. The Flow connection between these two areas then only sets Overflow. A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides however, before that the first filter container and the second filter container as a separate construction parts are executed. Preferably, the two containers are identical in construction, which the Manufacturing is simplified and overall inexpensive. In this case it is Flow connection formed as a pipe on which one verse with a valve branch is provided for draining the waste water.

An embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the drawing. The single figure shows a schematic representation of the filter device 1 according to the invention on the one hand and serves to describe the filter method according to the invention on the other hand.

The filter device 1 has a first filter container 2 , in which a filter material 3 , which is referred to below as the first filter material, is arranged. Furthermore, the filter device 1 has a second filter container 4 , in which a filter material 5 , which is referred to below as the second filter material, is also arranged. The filter material can be a mechanical filter material such as sand or gravel; but it can also be deacidifying material such as calcium carbonate, half-burned dolomites and the like. The Filtervorrich device 1 is then ultimately a deacidifying device. In addition, the filter material 3 , 5 can also be activated carbon, which is used for absorption.

Furthermore, the filter device 1 has a control device 6 , which serves to switch the flow direction of the water to be filtered through the filter containers 2 , 4 or the filter material 3 , 5 . The control device 6 will be discussed in more detail below.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the first filter container 2 and the second filter container 4 are each designed as separate components and of identical construction. The first Fil terbehalter 2 has in its lower region 7 a first Durchflußöff opening 8 , which is connected to a line 9 . The second filter container 4 also has a second flow opening 11 in its lower region 10 , which is connected to a line 12 . The filter material 3 , 5 is arranged in the filter containers 2 , 4 in each case on a support layer, wherein in the illustrated embodiment, the example is a nozzle base 13 , 14 . The nozzle base 13 , 14 serves to carry the filter material 3 , 5 and prevents grains of the usually granular filter material 3 , 5 from falling into the lower region 7 , 10 . Otherwise, the nozzle base 13 , 14 is provided with a plurality of nozzles (not shown) distributed over its surface. Above the respective nozzle base 13 , 14 there is a removal opening 15 , 16 in each filter container 2 , 4 , through which removal or replacement of the filter material 3 , 5 is possible. To fill the filter material 3 , 5 , a filling opening 17 , 18 is provided in each filter container 2 , 4 on the top.

The first filter container 2 is fluidly connected to the second filter container 4 . For this purpose, an opening 20 is provided in the first filter container 2 in its upper region 19 . Accordingly, a corresponding opening 22 is provided in the upper region 21 of the second filter container 4 . The openings 20 , 22 are connected to one another via a pipeline 23 . The pipeline 23 has a branch 24 for the delivery or removal of waste water, which will be discussed in more detail below. In the branch 24 there is a valve 25 and an adjoining volume flow meter 26 .

In the present case, the control device 6 includes a shut-off device 27 , which ultimately serves to control the flow direction of the water flowing through the filter containers 2 , 4 . The shut-off device 27 has a first valve 28 , a second valve 29 , a third valve 30 and a fourth valve 31 . Each of the valves 28 to 31 is assigned a motor 32 which can be actuated via the control device 6 . The first valve 28 is in a line 33 , the second valve 29 in a line 34 , the third valve 30 in a line 35 and the fourth valve 31 in a line 36 .

In the exemplary embodiment shown, line 9 branches into lines 34 and 35 , while line 12 branches into lines 33 and 36 .

Furthermore, a water supply line 37 branches into lines 33 , 34 , while an output line 38 branches off from lines 35 , 36 . The Wasserver supply line 37 is connected to the output line 38 via a bypass line 39 , whereby the lines 33 to 36 are bridged. In the Umfah approximately line 39 is a valve 40 and a Volumenstrommeßgerät 41st A valve 42 is also located behind the branch of the water supply line 37 into the bypass line 39 . Before the bypass line 39 tung in the Ausgangslei discharges 38, is also in the starting line 38 a volume current meter 43rd

Not shown is a measuring device which is coupled to the control device 6 ge. The measuring device can, for example, have floats or sensors in the upper region 19 , 21 of the respective filter container 2 , 4 , so that the respective turbidity content or the corresponding concentration in the upper regions 19 , 21 can be determined. For automatic removal of the waste water, the control device can then also be connected to the valve 25 and, if appropriate, to the volume flow meter 26 , so that the amount of water discharged can be determined. Furthermore, the controller 6 should be also connected to the Volumenstrommeßgerät 43 so that it is always ensured by the control unit 6, that is removed a greater amount of water loss, a sufficient amount of water via the output line 38 even when discharging.

The filter method according to the invention now proceeds as follows:

When the valve 42 is open, drinking water is supplied as raw water via the water supply line 37 . First, the first and third valves 28 , 30 are closed while the second and fourth valves 29 , 31 are open. The raw water then flows via line 34 and line 9 into the lower region 7 of the first filter container 2 , specifically via the first flow opening 8 . Subsequently, the water flows through the nozzle base 13 , the water being accelerated through the nozzles arranged in the nozzle base 13 . This results in a loosening of the first filter material 3 while the water flows through the first filter container 2 from bottom to top. On the filter material 3 from adhering nests germs or suspended solids are discharged from the filter material 3 and into the upper portion 19 of the first filter container. 2 The water then flows finally the turbidity through the opening 20 and the line 23 in the upper loading area 21 of the second filter container 4th In the illustrated embodiment, the valve 25 is initially closed. When flowing through the first filter container 2 from bottom to top and due to the loosening of the filter material, the first filter material 3 is backwashed in the first filter container 2 . In contrast, he follows the actual filtering effect in the selected flow direction of the water in the second filter container 4 , where the water flows from top to bottom through the second filter material 5 . The turbidities present in the upper region 21 penetrate into the second filter material 5 with little or no penetration and remain in the upper region 21 of the second filter container 4 . The pure water exits via the nozzle bottom 14 from the second filter material 5 and passes through the second flow opening 11 into the line 12 and from there via the line 36 into the output line 38 . The pure water can then be supplied to the consumer.

Depending on the water quality, the flow direction described above is maintained over the Lei device 9 through the two filter containers 2 , 4 in the line 12 for a predetermined time. After a period of about one to six hours, the control device 6 switches the flow direction or vice versa. For this purpose, the motors 32 of the individual valves 28 to 31 are activated simultaneously. The open valves 29 and 31 close while the closed valves 28 , 30 open. The raw water then flows from the water supply line 37 via line 33 into line 12 and through the second flow opening 11 into the lower region 10 of the second filter container 4 . Subsequently, the water flows while loosening the second filter material 5 due to the nozzle effect when the nozzle base 14 flows through the second filter material 5 into the upper region 21 of the second filter container 4 . The turbidities present in the upper region 21 are fed together with the flowing water via the line 23 to the upper region 19 of the first filter container 2 . The turbid substances in turn do not penetrate the first filter material 3 or only to a minimal extent and remain essentially in the upper region 19 . In this direction of flow, there is backwashing of the second filter material 5 , while the filtering effect is actually (at least with regard to the turbidity) in the first filter material 3 . After flowing through the first filter material 3 from top to bottom and passing through the nozzle bottom 13, the water leaves the first filter container 2 via the lower region 7 and the first flow opening 8 and reaches the outlet line 38 via the lines 9 , 35 .

Characterized in that the turbidity only between the upper regions 19 , 21 of the Filterbe container 2 , 4 are moved back and forth, with each reversal of the direction of flow a further enrichment of turbidity and thus an increase in the turbidity concentration is achieved, while the pure water quality remains consistently good is.

It can now be provided that the valve 25 is basically opened slightly so that waste water with a high concentration of turbid is continuously discharged via the branch 24 . The continuous discharge can also be realized in conjunction with the measuring device (not shown in more detail), the opening cross section of the valve 25 becoming larger or smaller depending on the turbid content, so that more or less waste water is removed.

However, it is also possible to open the valve 25 only when a certain turbidity content has been reached before. As long as the system is running below this specified value, it is not necessary to remove waste water.

In the event of repair or maintenance, if the water neither flows in one or the other direction through the two filter containers 2 , 4 , the valve 42 is closed while the valve 40 is opened, so that the raw water from the water supply line 37 is fed directly to the output line 38 .

Claims (11)

1. Filtering method for drinking water for filtering and simultaneous backwashing, the water being fed to a first filter container ( 2 ) containing a first filter material ( 3 ) and flowing through the first filter material ( 3 ) from bottom to top, the water from the upper region ( 19 ) the first filter container ( 2 ) via a flow connection to the upper area ( 21 ) of a second filter material ( 5 ) containing a second filter container ( 4 ) is fed, the second filter material ( 5 ) flows through from top to bottom and is discharged, wherein in The flow direction is reversed at regular or irregular intervals, with accumulation of turbid substances being achieved in the upper regions of the two filter containers ( 2 , 4 ) and the flow connection, and after reaching a predetermined concentration of turbid matter via at least one of the upper regions ( 19 , 21 ) and / or the flow connection during Fi ltrierens / backwashing continuously or discontinuously at least some of the water flowing through is discharged as lost water without an additional treatment stage for the water between the first and the second filter container ( 2 , 4 ) being provided. 2. Filter method according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter material ( 3 , 5 ) in the filter container ( 2 , 4 ) is loosened when flowing through from bottom to top. 3. Filter method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized records that the amount of waste water discharged and / or the time and / or the duration of the removal of the waste water via a measuring device is determined. 4. Filter method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized records that the flow direction at intervals of half an hour to ten Hours is reversed. 5. Filter device for drinking water for filtering and simultaneous backwashing for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, with a first a first filter material ( 3 ) containing filter container ( 2 ), with a second a second filter material ( 5 ) containing filter container ( 4 ) and with a control device ( 6 ) for switching the flow direction of the water through the filter containers ( 2 , 4 ), the first filter container ( 4 ) having at least one first flow opening ( 8 ), the upper region ( 19 ) of the first filter container ( 2 ) is connected to the upper region ( 21 ) of the second filter container ( 4 ) via a flow connection, the second filter container ( 4 ) having at least one second flow opening ( 11 ) and wherein in at least one of the upper regions ( 19 , 21 ) and / or on the flow connection, a water drain for removing at least one part of the flowing through n water is provided as waste water without an additional treatment stage for the water between the first and the second filter container ( 2 , 4 ) is provided. 6. Filter device according to claim 5, characterized in that the through-flow opening ( 8 , 11 ) in the lower region ( 7 , 10 ) of the filter container ( 2 , 4 ) is provided. 7. Filter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter material ( 3 , 5 ) in the filter container ( 2 , 4 ) on a Düsenbo the ( 13 , 14 ) is arranged and that the at least one flow opening ( 8 , 11th ) is arranged below the nozzle base ( 13 , 14 ). 8. Filter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized records that a measuring device for determining the amount of removed Ver pleasure water and / or the time and / or the duration of the removal of the Waste water is provided. 9. Filter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first filter container ( 2 ) and the second filter container ( 4 ) are designed as separate components. 10. Filter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first filter container ( 2 ) and the second filter container ( 4 ) are identical. 11. Filter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flow connection is designed as a pipe ( 23 ) on which a branch ( 24 ) provided with a valve ( 25 ) is provided for draining the waste water.