DE1959543A1 - Device for exhaust gas deflection for jet engines - Google Patents

Description

Device for exhaust gas deflection for jet engines

The invention relates to gas turbines and more particularly Arrangements gum stowage or to reverse the thrust caused by the Exhaust gas flows are generated from a gas turbine,

Bti Flugaeuggasturbinen it is often necessary or desirable to have means of reversing or at least accumulating the thrust to be provided, which is generated during landing by the exhaust gas flow will. When planning such devices for reversing or stowing the thrust, the reduced weights must be taken into account and sizes of the minimum aerodynamic air resistance, when such devices are run in or not in use, high reliability and high efficiency during the Operation and the simplicity and economy with which a stand-alone device can be manufactured are of primary importance.

BAO

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The invention therefore relates to a new device for Thrust reversal or traffic jam that has the above properties combined in an advantageous manner.

The primary object of the invention is therefore to provide a device for reversing thrust in order to control the direction of the exhaust gases coming out flow out of the jet engine, selectively reverse or change their direction, so that thereby the thrust is reversed or is jammed, the device for thrust reversal in the retracted State has low air resistance, is light in weight and can be used without the overall design of the engine is enlarged and the device for reversing thrust between an extended and retracted Position can be moved and in a 'nozzle insert or in a central body is housed, which the exhaust gas flow almost unaffected and can take an elongated and extended position to divert the flow of exhaust gases to be able to.

These and other objects of the invention emerge from the following Description of the preferred embodiment emerge, are achieved by the present invention by providing an outlet or nozzle which cooperates with a housing and having a central body disposed therein; is, a fixed inflow part and an axially movable outflow part owns. At least one cascade arrangement is included pivotally attached to the discharge part, thereby shifted and between a retracted and extended position of a to be able to turn in reverse thrust or stowed position, In the first part, means are provided for the cascade / Order in a retracted position to receive and cover, this being the flow of the drive means through the Outlet not affected and further devices are provided to the downstream part in an elongated position move and the cascade arrangement in an extended, with respect to the flow of exhaust gas from the outlet, the thrust reversing Pan or rotate or jam position. Furthermore can

0Ö3824 / O16Ö

ORIGINAL

a cladding can be provided for the outflow part, which forms a streamlined continuation of the inflow part, when this has assumed its retracted position.

According to the invention, a device for reversing or damming the thrust is proposed by the exhaust gases of a Jet engine is generated, which has an exhaust outlet.

Ϊλ £? T * ^ nzfc j of body, the.

is aligned essentially axially to the housing, this central body having an inflow and an outflow part which is carried by the inflow part in such a way that an axial displacement between a retracted one adjacent to the inflow part Position and an elongated position remote from the inflow part and on the downstream side to the outlet and that means for moving the second part between the retracted and the elongated position are provided are. The device according to the invention is characterized by a cascade arrangement which can be pivoted with the outer Part is connected, so that an axial movement can take place therewith and that a rotational movement between a substantially axially aligned stowage position and an unfolded position is possible, with the cascade arrangement over a part the exhaust gas flow extends. This cascade arrangement according to the Invention has several flow-guiding blades, which can redirect the flow of exhaust gas, when in the deployed position, by at least that through these exhaust gases generated scfiub to stow, actuating devices for Rotation of the cascade assembly between collapsed and unfolded positions and also covering devices are present, which are located in the first part and are carried by it, such that the cascade arrangement can be slidably received therein, the gases flowing out through the outlet being almost unaffected when the cascade arrangement and the outflow body are in in the collapsed or retracted position.

009824/0160

BATH ORIGINAL

-H-

To explain the invention in more detail, an exemplary embodiment is described below and shown in the drawing. Here show:

Figure 1 is a fragmentary side perspective view of a Jet engine with the thrust reverser or stagnation mechanism of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a partial cross-section of the shaft part of Jet engine according to Figure 1 and the device according to the invention in the retracted and collapsed Location;

FIG. 3 shows a partial cross section similar to that according to FIG

Figure 2 showing the device according to the invention in the elongated and collapsed position. gives; . .- ..

FIG. 4 shows a partial cross section similar to that according to FIG FIG. 2, which shows the thrust reverser according to FIG Shows the invention in the elongated and deployed position;

FIG. 5 shows a cross section along the line 5-5 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 shows a partial cross-section on an enlarged scale, which represents one embodiment of the actuating device used for the invention may, with this device shown in the retracted and collapsed position;

FIG. 7 shows a view similar to that according to FIG. 6, showing the actuating device according to FIG. 6 in the elongated manner and collapsed position shows and

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BADOFHGiNAL

Figure 8 is a view similar to that of Figure 6, which shows the actuator of Figure 6 in the elongated and deployed position.

Figure 1 shows a jet engine, which is denoted by 10 and is correspondingly connected to a strut 12 of the aircraft, which has a front fan 14 which is housed in a housing 16 and which has a main engine, not shown, which is in the housing or the aircraft fuselage 18 is accommodated accordingly. The housing is narrower than the fan housing 1β and extends into this, so that an exhaust gas nozzle 20 is formed therebetween, through which the fluid compressed by the fan IM can flow out. As is readily understandable, the main machine, which is not shown in more detail, consists of a compressor, a compressor and suitable turbo machines which are suitable for driving both the compressor and the fan 14. A suitable nozzle or outlet 22 is provided at the downstream end of the housing 18 of the main engine for venting the exhaust gases generated by the compressor.

Although the invention is described here only in connection with a jet engine which has a front fan Ik , it is understood that it is not limited thereto.

If, during operation, the fluid is compressed by the fan and the exhaust gases generated by the compressor are discharged from the nozzle 20 and correspondingly 22, a forward thrust is produced. In order to achieve a reverse thrust or at least a stagnation thrust of the thrust generated by the exhaust gas flow through nozzle 22, a device is provided which is designated in FIG. 1 with 2 ¹ J and in its elongated and unfolded thrust reversal or stowage position shown. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the device generally consists of two flow reversal cascade arrangements 26, which are unfolded in a V-shape and are attached to the exhaust gas outlet 22 on the outflow side.

009824/0160

BATH

In Figures 2, 3 and 4, the exhaust outlet or nozzle 22 is shown, which is circular and through the housing and a central body or a nozzle insert 28, which is arranged axially within the housing 18, is limited. The central body 28 consists of a fixedly arranged inflow part 30 and a discharge body part 32, which is between a retracted position, as shown in Figure 2, and an elongated position, as can be seen in Figure 3 and 4, displaced can be.

Each cascade arrangement 26 is with a plurality of blades P 34 provided, which is used to guide or deflect the fluid are arranged spatially axially offset, and at 36 next the outflow are mounted tiltably so that a displacement can take place with the outflow part 32.

The cascade arrangement 26 is in its retracted position in FIG and folded position shown in which it is accommodated in a suitable receiving and covering device 38, which is located in the outflow part 30 and where see that The outflow part 32 adjoins the inflow part 30 tightly. The inflow and outflow parts are provided with corresponding panels 40 and 42 provided that are contiguous when the cascade arrangement ^ 26 is retracted and stowed and the one continuous Form aerodynamically smooth outer surface 44 with low air resistance that enclose the cascade assemblies 26.

As can be seen most clearly from Figures 2 and 5, are the cascade assemblies are provided with a central raised portion 46 and a mainly flat side portion 48 which protrudes therefrom and which extends close to the opposite parts of the housing 18 and so much play remains, that a free shift between them is possible, as will be explained in the following. The centrally raised part 46 can be curved, as can be seen from FIG. 5, or it can be staked out at right angles or otherwise suitably shaped to provide a game for the device 52.

009824/0160

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As can be seen from Figures 2 and 3, each cascade arrangement aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the machine 10 when in the collapsed position.

While the cascade assemblies 26 and the axes of the pivot connection 36 preferably, as shown, in the vertical Lie flat in order to reduce the risk of the aircraft colliding with foreign objects during the landing,. so these can also be oriented in other ways.

As best seen in Figure 5, the receiving device 38 to the flat part ¹ to accommodate J8 of the cascade assemblies 26 from diametrically opposed hollow-shaped bracing members 50 which extend radially from the incident elements 30 to the outside. Each strut element 50 is preferably connected to the housing 18, as shown in FIG. 5, so that the inflow part 30 is stabilized and the loading forces absorbed by the outflow part 32 are effectively transferred to the housing 18 and thus to the aircraft strut 12. It will be understood, however, that member 50 may terminate at the short portion of housing 18 since its primary function is to accommodate the downstream end of the cascade to reduce drag or interaction with the exhaust gas flows when the cascade is in place in the folded and retracted position.

In order to be able to move each cascade arrangement uniformly between the retracted and collapsed position according to Figure 2 and the elongated and unfolded position according to Figure 1 and h , means 52 are provided, each cascade arrangement downstream to the outlet 22 and across part of the exhaust gas flow from the outlet 22 is arranged. In the deployed position, the vanes 34 are capable of diverting or redirecting the exhaust gases, thereby reversing or damaging the thrust. As can be seen, the blades 34 are designed so that the cascade can reverse the exhaust gases in the deployed position and allow them to flow out with a forward velocity component, as a result of which a reverse thrust is generated.

009824/0160

ί ■ BADOBiOtNAL

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stands or where the exhaust gases are reversed and with a decreasing one flow out of the reverse speed component, so that the normal thrust is dammed.

In order to bring the cascade assemblies 26 from their retracted and collapsed position according to FIG. 2 into their elongated and deployed position according to FIGS their Aufnähmevorrichtung 38 is pulled, and then the free upstream end of each Kaskadenanord- * voltage radially outwardly about the pivotal connection 36 uniformly rotated. Similarly, to reverse the cascade assemblies 26 to their retracted and collapsed position of FIG.

and
moved / collapsed position. . . -

As can be seen from Figure M , the cascade assemblies 26 in the elongated and deployed position are preferably arranged such that their respective free upstream ends are adjacent to the opposite portions of the outlet end of the housing 18 to form a V-shaped wedge downstream of the outlet 22 , whereby almost the entire exhaust gases are erfaftt and deflected by the blades 3 ^.

As already mentioned, the outflow part 32 is preferably provided with a cladding * J2 which is fastened therein and which is designed in such a way that it adjoins the cladding HO of the inflow part and forms a streamlined continuation to it. Depending on the axial location of the cascade pivot joint 36 and the angle through which the ends of the cascade assembly 26 must rotate to assume the deployed thrust reversing or stowed position, it may be necessary to provide means for moving the fairing 42 in accordance with the rotation of the cascade assembly to avoid interaction between them. Such as from

009824/0160

BADORiGlNAL

As can be seen in the drawings, the panel 42 may consist of a pair of curved panel members 56, wherein each covering the respective downstream ends of a cascade arrangement and pivotally connected to the downstream part 32 at 58 is. Each cladding element can then be swiveled using suitable as indicated at 60, be connected to the corresponding cascade arrangement, so that when the cascade arrangement rotates, the cover member 56, which is a such cascade arrangement, also rotates about the pivot connection 58, so that an interaction between them is excluded.

The device 52 can take many and varied forms; For example, those have been selected here which have axially mounted, collapsible tubular actuating rods 62 and 64 as well as actuating devices 66 for moving the rods 62, 64 and pivoting devices 68 which connect the actuating rod 64 to each cascade arrangement 26.

As can be seen from FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the actuating rod 62 is slid over a suitable axially mounted pulling or tubular element 70, by which it is supported and which in turn is carried by the inflow part 30. The outflow part is correspondingly attached to the outflow-side end of the actuating rod 62 so that it can be moved. The actuating rod 64, in turn, is slidably slid over the rod 62 by which it is carried and is connected at its downstream end to each cascade assembly 26 by pivots 68 so that when the rod 64 moves axially rearwardly relative to the rod 62, the cascade assembly 26 is rotated uniformly radially outwardly about the pivot connection 36 and when the rod 64 moves axially with respect to the rod 62 in the flow direction, the cascade assemblies 26 are rotated about their axially parallel collapsed position.

In FIGS. 6 to 8, the actuating device 66 is shown as a pneumatic or hydraulic arrangement which contains a cylindrical body 72 which forms an annular chamber 74 which is concentric around the tubular element

009 8 24/0160

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extends. Flow channels 76 and 78 are provided adjacent each chamber end 74 for admitting and supplying pressurized fluid. An annular piston 80, which is connected to the upstream end of the rod 62, is located in the chamber 74, which in turn is designed as an annular chamber 82. An annular piston 8 ¹ J connected to the downstream end of the rod 64 is located in the chamber 82. Appropriate blocking means are provided to limit the movement of the piston 80 within the chamber 74, thereby maintaining the retracted and elongated position of the rod 62 of the outflow part 32 and therefore ψ of the cascade arrangement 26 to be defined. Similarly, blocking devices 88 are provided to limit the movement of the piston 84 in the chamber 82 and thereby the relative movement of the rod 64 with respect to the rod 62.

The piston 80 is provided at its upstream and downstream end with channels 90 and 92, which are connected to the upstream Part 94 and the downstream part 96 of the chamber 82 accordingly stay in contact. As can best be seen from FIGS. 7 and 8, the cylinder body 72 is used to connect the Upstream part 100 of the chamber 74 with the channel 90 and therefore with the chamber 94, when the piston 80 to the downstream. Limiting device 86 is adjacent, a bulge 98 is provided. It should also be noted that channels 78 and 92 are designed such that they establish a connection with one another when the piston 80 against the outflow-side limiting device 86 adjoins.

The rod 64 is provided with a bulge 102, which to serves, the chamber part 96 with the downstream part 104 of the Chamber 74 to connect when the piston 84 against the upstream Blocking device 88 is adjacent, as can best be seen from FIGS. 6 and 7.

009824/0160

1 "OBiGlNAL

To achieve the required movement of rods 62 and 6 * 1, Suitable motors can be provided for these pneumatic or hydraulic devices. Furthermore, both the Actuating device 66 and the pivoting device 68 differ from the construction shown, one behind the other to achieve subsequent displacement and rotation of the cascade assemblies 26, so that these from the retracted and collapsed position can be brought into an elongated and deployed position.

The use, operation and function of the invention is as follows: during normal flight, the device according to the invention is stored as shown in Figure 2, the cascade arrangements being completely enclosed ^{within the aerodynamically smooth envelope of the central body surface 1} I ^{1 I} in order to keep the air resistance low. In the position of the device according to FIG. 2, the piston 80 and the upstream locking device 86 adjoin the upstream end of the chamber 71, and the piston 8 ¹ J strikes the upstream locking device 88, as can be seen in FIG.

Around the cascades in their unfolded thrust reversal or stowage position to bring according to Figures 1 and 4, the duct 78 is vented and the Channel 76 becomes the source of the pressurized fluid tied together. The pressurized fluid enters chamber 100 and forces piston 80 and over Upstream locking device 88 the piston 84 in the outflow direction, until the piston 80 strikes against the blocking device 86 on the downstream side, as can be seen in FIG. As a result become the rods 62 and 6M and therefore the discharge part 32 and the Cascade 26 shifted in the outflow direction up to the elongated and collapsed position shown in FIG. 3. When moving from the position according to FIG. 2 to the position according to FIG. 3, the cascade arrangements are removed from the receiving device 38 are pulled out and are axially supported so that they can be rotated to their deployed position reach.

009824/0160

When the piston 80 (see FIG. 7) against the downstream locking device 86 is adjacent, the channel 90 and thus the chamber part 94 with the pressurized fluid in the Chamber part 100 connected via indentation 98. That under pressure standing fluid forces the piston 84, while the piston 80 against the outflow-side blocking device 86 adjoins to move in the outflow direction in order to move against the outflow-side Locking device 88 to push. Such movement of the piston 84 causes the rod 64 to move in the downstream direction and that with the help of the pivoting device 68 a uniform rotation of the cascade assemblies 26 from their longitudinal ' stretched, collapsed position according to Figure 3 in its elongated and unfolded position according to Figure 1 and 4 takes place.

In order to reduce the force that must be applied by the piston 84 to rotate the cascade assembly so that it is in their and their unfolded position are those Blades 34 are preferably designed and arranged in such a way that that the aerodynamic forces acting on them are mainly guided via the pivot connection 36.

To allow interaction between the downstream part of the Cladding element 56 and its corresponding cascade arrangement To prevent this, a pivoting element 60 can be provided so that each cover element 56 is about its pivoting connection 58 in Rotated according to their corresponding cascade arrangement can be.

When the cascade assemblies 26 are in their elongated and deployed position, those from outlet 22 are operative The exhaust gases flowing out flow onto them and are deflected by the viewing point 34, as can be seen in FIG. 4, in order to achieve the desired thrust reversal or the traffic jam.

It should be noted that when the piston 80 moves from its retracted position according to Figure 6 in its elongated position according to Figure 7 and thus when moving the downstream

00 9324/0160
BADOWGfHAL

Part 32 from its retracted position according to FIG. 2 into its elongated position according to FIG. 3, the fluid is ejected from the downstream part 104 of the chamber 74 through the ventilated channel 78. In a similar way, the strea-. Means expelled within the downstream part 96 of the chamber 82 through the channel 92 and the ventilated channel 78 when the piston 84 moves from its collapsed position according to FIG. 7 into the unfolded position according to FIG.

To move the cascade from its deployed position of Figure 4 to its collapsed position of Figure 2, channel 78 is connected to a source of high pressure fluid and channel 76 is vented. The pressurized fluid flows through the channel 92 into the downstream part 96 of the chamber 82 and forces the piston 9 ¹ J in an upward direction, whereby the cascade assemblies 26 are rotated via the device 68 into their collapsed position according to FIG. When the piston 84 moves in a downward flow, the fluid within the downstream portion 96 of the chamber 82 is vented from the channel J6 via channel 90, bulge 98 and downstream chamber portion 100. It should be noted that when the downstream portion 96 of the chamber 82 is pressurized, such pressure not only forces the piston 84 in the downstream direction, but also acts to keep the piston 80 abutting the downstream locking device 86, thus ensuring that the downstream portion 26 remains elongated until the cascade assemblies 86 have returned to their collapsed position.

When the piston 84 is moved so that it is against the upstream located locking device 88 abuts, as shown in Figure 4, and thereby the cascade assemblies 26 in their collapsed Returned to the position shown in FIG. 3, the fluid under high pressure within the chamber part 96 is connected via the bulge 102 to the downstream chamber part 104, whereby the pistons 80 and 84 are forced evenly are to assume the retracted position according to Figures 2 and 6. The channel 78 is sufficiently dimensioned so that,

009824/0160

BAO ORlGiNM. '

after the piston 80 has moved slightly in the direction of the upward flow, but before the channel 78 interrupts the connection to the channel 92, the connection between the channel 78 and the chamber part 104 is established so as to ensure a continuous flow of a fluid under high pressure to the Chamber part 104 to enable. When the pistons 80 and 8 ¹ J-move to the retracted position according to FIG 6, the fluid is discharged into the chamber portion 100 through the channel 76th It should be noted that during the movement of the piston 80 from the elongated position of FIG. 4 to the retracted position of FIG. 6, the pressurized fluid continues to force the piston 84 to abut against the upstream locking device 88, thus ensuring that that the cascade assemblies 26 remain in their collapsed position while they are retracted into the storage device 38.

To a rotation of the downstream part 32 and the cascades To prevent 26, the tension or tubular element 64 with a suitable torque guide, as denoted by 106 in Figure 5, be provided.

While an embodiment of the actuating device 66 has been selected and described here, it goes without saying that the actuating device 66, as well as the pivoting device 68, which responds thereto, can be varied over a wide range; however, this device should preferably first move the downstream part 32 axially to the rear and then subsequently bring each cascade arrangement 26 out of its axial stowed position into an unfolded position according to FIG. Furthermore, although in the preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention shown here, two cascade arrangements can be shown

κ *

more or less than two cascades can be used.

unfolded as a wedge to the downstream outlet 22

009824/0160

Claims (8)

-15- sayings Device for reversing or damming the thrust going through Exhaust gases of a jet engine is generated, which has an exhaust outlet which passes through an outer housing and an inside of the housing axially arranged central body is fixed, the central body having an inflow side and an outflow side term part comprises, which is carried by the upstream part, so that an axial displacement between a retracted position adjacent to the upstream part and an elongated Position at a distance from the upstream part and is enabled downstream to the outlet and the means for moving the second part between a retracted and has an elongated position, thereby g e k e η nze i chnet that a cascade assembly (26) is pivotally attached at (36) to the second part (42) so that therewith axial movement and rotational movement between an axially aligned collapsed position and a deployed position Position is enabled, with the cascade arrangement extending over a part of the exhaust gas flow extends that the cascade arrangement a plurality of the flow deflecting blades (3 * 1) possesses which aind able to redirect the flow of exhaust gas when in the deployed position so that the normally generated thrust is at least dammed by the fact that there are actuators (52) to the cascade arrangement between the collapsed and the unfolded Position to rotate and that a cover device (38) is formed by the first part and carried around the cascade assembly to take up sliding so that nit the exhaust gas flow there is almost no influence through the outlet when the Cascade arrangement and the downstream part are in the merged or retracted position. 009824/0 160 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, as characterized by g e k e η η, that the turning device is only effective ♦ ■ - ■ when the upstream part is in the elongated position, thereby enabling accurate insertion and Pulling the cascade assembly into and out of the receptacle (38) is ensured. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that first and second fairings ( ¹ IO, # 2) are provided which are carried by the respective upstream and downstream parts (30,32), these fairings being adapted so that they border one another and form an almost continuous aerodynamically smooth outer surface for the central body when the downstream part is in the retracted position. ¹ J. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized GEK e ^- n η is characterized in that two cascade arrangements are provided (26) which are pivotally to the downstream portion adjacent their downstream ends to be rotated smoothly in and out of a entfaltenen position opposite direction to each cascade assembly (26) having a raised central portion (46) and a flat side portion 48 extending oppositely therefrom and closely abutting the opposing portions of the housing when the cascade is collapsed and retracted with the receptacle diametrically opposed Struts 50 includes which extend between the upstream part and the housing. 5 · Device according to claim 4, characterized e i c h η et that the cascade arrangements deal with their free ends are located next to the opposite parts of the downstream end of the housing when the downstream part and the cascades are in the corresponding elongated and deployed position. 00982W0160 'BAD OFHSiNAL 6. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the second cladding device for each cascade arrangement has a lining element which at (58) has its downstream end rotatable with the downstream end Part is connected and is mounted with its upstream end so that it is the downstream end of the corresponding Cascade arrangement covered and that pivoting devices (60,68) are provided to each cladding element about its pivot connection in accordance with the rotation rotate its respective cascade arrangements to prevent interaction between these elements. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the movement device is designed in such a way is that it can move each cascade assembly from its first position to a second position such that each Cascade arrangement one after the other is first displaced axially rearward into an elongated position, each Cascade pulled out of its storage and covering device and then rotated smoothly about the pivot connection to the second position. 8. Apparatus according to claim 7 ₃ characterized in that the movement device comprises the following elements has: an axially mounted traction device (70) which is supported by the upstream-side portion, a first axially extending rod (62) which is slidably supported by the pulling device and which is secured at its downstream end with the downstream part, a second axially extending rod (64) which is slidably supported by the pulling device, an actuating device (66) for smoothly moving the rods between the retracted and the elongated position and for further movement of the second rod relative to the first rod between the elongated and deployed positions downstream therefrom, and pivot means (68) connecting the second rod to the first cascade assembly such that each cascade can be rotated when the second rod is between elongated and the deployed position is moved. 009824/0160 BATH ORIGINAL 9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that e k e η η that the pulling device, the first and the second rod are tubular, that the first and The second rod can be telescoped via the pulling device, that the actuating device is a fluid cylinder (72), which is carried by the upstream part and forms an annular chamber (7 * 0, which is arranged coaxially to the pulling device, that a first annular piston (80) is arranged in the first chamber to a front and To be able to perform return movement through a pressurized fluid in the first chamber, the first "Piston secured to the upstream end of the first rod and defining a second annular chamber (82) therein which is coaxial with the first chamber in that a second annular chamber Piston (84) is arranged in the second chamber and an axial back and forth movement is carried out by a pressurized fluid located in the second chamber can, wherein the second piston is secured to the upstream end of the second rod and that devices (76,90,92) are present to deliver a pressurized fluid into the first and second chambers so that one behind the other subsequent actuation of the first and second rod takes place. 00982A / 01 6 0