DE1957577C3 - Device for obtaining tool-dependent correction values when positioning a tool in a numerically controlled machine tool - Google Patents

Description

Tool is approached. In the case of a known device (US-PS 31 81401) is an optical device is provided which upon reaching the calibration position adjustment signaled in the case of another known device (US ¹ PS 31 24 976) is in one coordinate direction, a mechanical dot-shaped stop as a calibration position provided, which is also displayed when it is reached. In both cases, your attitude control system will be the

is that the position control loop has a position setpoint (measurement setpoint) for approaching each of the stops, which corresponds to a position that is inaccessible behind the respective stop, and that a circuit is provided, which responds when you touch the tool and the respective stop and the input of a correct value. ·? .. as well as the continuation of the numerical program. In the device according to the invention is so

Numerically controlled machine setpoints are given, a setpoint is given for a position that is behind the measuring stop that corresponds to the coordinates of the calibration position and therefore does not come from the tool. The calibration position is only then restored
reached by the tool when it is precisely set

remains and would keep its shape. Any work

is attainable. As a result, the reference edge of the workpiece normally reaches the measuring stop, which is exactly known in its position, so that the tool-dependent change can be immediately noted as a result of changes in the tool dimensions that the calibration position is not reached again exactly changes in the traverse paths of the tool, whereby the Difference in correction values
the coordinate values are implemented.

In the manner described, all will

described.

Fi g. 1 shows the principle of the invention;

available as new correction coordinate values stand. As a result, the device is very simple in structure and provides the correction values Processing errors when using a high-precision work.

machine tool, which is based on the wear of the An embodiment of the invention is in the

Cutting edge of the tool, poor alignment drawing shown and will be explained in the following processing of the tool, wrong length of the tool
etc. are automatically excluded. It can

equally less precise and therefore less expensive work 25 F i g. 2 represents a very simplified block diagram Witnesses are used without processing errors, which shows the application of the invention and the required number of different ones represents a conventional machine tool; Tools for a work piece can be reduced F i g. 3 is a more detailed block diagram of a

the. The working process of the dimensioning can so often conventional machine tool on which the can be used in the course of machining the workpiece from the invention;

Fig. 4 is a partial view of a punched tape containing the numerical input data for the Machine tool supplies which in FIG. 3 can be seen;

F i g. FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a distance counter shown in FIG. 3;

F i g. 6 is a logic diagram of a data transfer circuit shown in Fig. 3;

F i g. 7 shows a time diagram which tools are measured after each cut. The 40 relates to signals produced by the data transmission dimensioning process only takes a few seconds. This circuit can be generated shown in FIG. 6, and Time cannot be compared with the time which - -

an operator is required to measure the dimensions of the part to be machined by hand and to set the computer so that the dimensional deviations are compensated.

The well-known, working according to this principle
Devices are expensive. Because you need
additional means to determine the deviation of the tool reference edge from the calibration position 50 limited to their class of machine tools. Convert them and them into digital coordinate values. Im is on every numerically controlled machine tool

be guided as it seems necessary. In the case of a simple machining process, measuring can be used only be necessary once or twice during the entire machining process. This is true also in the event that relatively large dimensional tolerances are allowed. If on the other hand the part to be machined has complicated outlines and many cuts are included or the permitted dimensional tolerances are extremely small

F i g. Figure 8 shows a logic diagram of a circuit according to the invention and its connection to the circuit shown in other figures.

The invention will be described in connection with a numerically controlled vertical turret lathe. It must be noted, however, that the application of the invention is not limited to a particular

In the case of US Pat. No. 3,181,401, this measure is also carried out with analogous means, which the Accuracy significantly impacted on it in the

applicable, in which a calibration position of a movable tool must be precisely determined, around this element in successive steps

present case because of the high-resolution digital 55 with extreme accuracy (within the limit valleys Working method is particularly important. gen of the machine), whereby the

Calibration position is used as a reference position.

The invention is based on the object, based on a known device of the above named type of building this device on the basis of a different control principle, so that the correction values can be obtained in a particularly simple and highly accurate manner.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that in each coordinate direction a planar measurement stop is provided, each at an angle of 90 ° to the associated Coordinate direction extends and its position in this coordinate direction is known in each case

F i g. 1 shows schematically a vertical turret bench to which a ring 10 for machining by a tool 12 is applied. The tool is mounted in a holder 14 in a conventional manner. The tool 12 can be moved vertically along a K-axis and horizontally along a ΛΓ-axis by numerical control. It can of course also be moved in other directions, which represent a combination of the movements in the X and Y directions.

The dimensions of the tool 12 are through the

Manufacturing specified. They relate to the part to be machined having a relatively length of the tool up to a center point 12c times the outline and therefore less machining both the radius of curvature of its cutting edge 12b and processing cuts are necessary, it may be sufficient to use the radius of the cutting edge. If this tool is only dimensionally accurate before the start of the machining process and the tool is to be properly measured. If the part to be machined has been changed, the exact position of the tool can easily be determined using a relatively complicated cutting edge. If so, it can be desirable: The tool, however, the stated dimensions are incorrect and to measure it after each cut. This matter tool is improperly mounted, or if it is entirely at the discretion of the programmer, the prescribed radius due to the work that has changed the dimensional processes in the machine tool wear would turn out to be unprogrammed.

result in precise positioning of the tool. If F i g. 2 represents a very simplified block diagram

Once the tool has been used, the one that represents the circuit when it is applied

the only position that can be mathematically determined is a conventional numerically controlled machine

which can, the center point 12a of the radius of curvature 15 shows. The conventional numerical control circuit

the tool cutting edge. This has to be the time of the machine, which will be described in detail later

consuming dimensioning operations, is shown in FIG. 2 represented by a block 28.

which were discussed above. These are generated by circuit 28, as is well known

eliminates the use of the invention. Signals for the machine to pass its tool

The facility sees a measuring device in the form of an ao a programmed number of distance increments Block 18 before which a horizontal upper to move from one position to another. Surface 18 a and vertical side surfaces 18fc and when the tool reaches the specified position 18c. The block 18 is precisely measured, a transmission signal is sent to the circuit 28 and positioned so that the position of its top is returned, indicating the completion of the surface l? a in the ^ direction and the positions 25 indicates instruction. The circuit 28 can also its side surfaces 18 ft and 18 c in the Af direction generate signals for a visual readout display 30 are known. The block 18 is made up of a gene which contains the instruction or instructions that have been executed Material manufactured or has a guided command. These same signals can be conductive Coating and is from the remaining part of the nen also by an expression device 32 Machine isolated by an insulation material 20. 30 can be registered.

The block 18 is equipped with a control circuit which, in one type of numerically controlled machine

will be described later, through a line 22 is the machine program in the form of a

bound. The position of the block 18 can either be created with punched tape codes. When the execution

be flexible or rigid. As shown, the block of a sizing process is desired, becomes a

mounted on a sliding device 24 in order to display it in 35 special code indicating this fact

Move out of the way opposite the tool to the program strips punched. That from this code

when the test tool is not in use. derived measuring signal activated a measuring gate 34. The

The device according to the invention works like measuring gate 34 generates a control signal for another? follows: First, the tool 12 is instructed to gate 36. After the measuring signal from the program to move to the position shown, namely 40 strips has been transferred to the measuring gate, the tool is next to a cutting edge 12 b Instructions on the surface 18a. The tool is then instructed to move, as previously described, to move downward in the Y direction to a point measured in FIG. When the tool needs to be moved, such as B. a point 26 which touches within the surface of the measuring block 18, one of the block 18 is located. When the cutting edge 12 b 45 sends a signal via the line 22 to a third gate 38 of the tool 12, however, the surface 18 a. This causes a contact signal to stir, an electrical signal is sent to the control switch- the gate 36 is sent together with the measurement via the line 22 Since the block 18 signal from the measuring gate 34. The coincidence of these signals is precisely measured and positioned, this causes this gate 36 to generate a quasi-incorrect over-exact position of the cutting edge of the tool in 50 carrying signal for the numerically controlled switching of the Y-coordinate at the point in time known in 38. The "wrong" transmission signal which the signal sent over the line 22 is divided accordingly by the numerical control panel. The tool is then withdrawn and instructed to move the tool to the right as shown in FIG. 1 for a given command. It can have carried out, although this is sometimes not correctly then moved downwards in the Y direction to the position 55, because the tool has the predetermined target value, which is shown in dashed lines in the figure position 26, which lies within the block 18 is. It is then instructed not to reach the left, however, since the exact position of the X-direction to move until the cutting edge 126 tool is known in a coordinate at the time of the tool, the side surface 18c of the block 18 at which the wrong point Over touched At this point in time another transmission signal is sent from the gate 36 for the numerical transmission signal via the line 22 which control circuit 28 is generated, the program can be used to actually restart the cutting edge of the tool in the to precisely localize this X-coordinate. specially known position (Y coordinate of the calibration

After the tool has been positioned as described).

It has been programmed to execute its program. 65 The diagram in FIG. 2 also has a gate

The dimensioning process 40 is ready with the instructions. This gate 40 is used to provide a signal for a

can be repeated as many times as generate the complicated shutdown stage 42 to bring the machine under

the nature of the machining process requires it. If one of two illegal conditions is switched off

7 8

th and in order to supply signals for display devices 44 which generate the reference voltage in 250 which converts visibly or audibly into a functional Hertz-sin or cos voltage. Show this malfunction. Port 40 receives signals from a pair of inputs serving as a source of two-phase excitation for. the measuring port 34 has an A position decomposer 56 and a Y position and from the port 38. This port 40 therefore becomes a 5 decomposer 58. If a decomposer will generate a two-phase output when the tool is immediately excited in its initial turn properly touches the measuring device or if it induces a single-phase sinusoidal voltage, wel machine is not in its measuring position. before depending on the decomposer axis position at another pair of inputs that receives is phase shifted relative to the reference voltage. Gate 40 signals from the numerical control circuit io. The axes of the splitters 56 and 58 are mechanically connected to the tool, corresponding to 28 and from the other output of the measuring gate 34. The gate 40 is a switch-off signal for the circuit position is scanned. This sinusoidal AT position 42 generate when during a measuring process an actual value signal is fed from the decomposer 56 to an abnormal transmission signal from the circuit 28 former 60, which the sinusoidal signal is generated. This case can occur if the 15 is converted into a square wave with the same tool to be measured, if the measuring phase relationship to the reference voltage as the device is of improper size or if a sinusoidal wave. A program error exists in the Y position actual value signal. In each of these cases, the circuit 42 and the wave shaper 62 are similarly converted into a square wave by one.
Operate display device 44. 20 The phase-analog voltage, which is used as a Z-position

F i g. 3 is a simplified block diagram of the setpoint signal generated by the 250-a typical numerical controller to which kilohertz output of clock generator 50 before the invention can be applied. In its simplest function, the phase counter counts a "Mark Century" numerical form control, 25 works 64 the 250 kilohertz signal produced by the General Electric Company , a 250 Hertz square wave output such as the Re-Waynesboro, Virginia. It is noted, however, reference counter 52 off. A similar phase analog that the invention is not limited to this particular voltage, which serves as the Y-position setpoint signal, application, but can be applied to any desired numerical control generated by a Y-setpoint phase counter 66. So the relative phases of the A ^ position setpoint signal far from those shown in FIG. 3 is generally known from the AT setpoint generator 64 and the X position, this will only be described to the extent that value signals from the wave shaper 60 are used in such a way that everyone is able to use a ^ f phase discriminator 68 compared. Along with getting a full understanding of the invention generates discriminator 68 that will enable one. 35 ^ operational amplifier 70 a position difference

The basic function of a control system, like the one in signal, its size and polarity are a function of the F i g. 3 is for a continuous relative phase shift between the two Borrowed control of the coordinate position of two input signals of the discriminator are. This or several machine movements or axes ΛΓ position difference signal causes an AT motor to ensure, to care. For such a control it is necessary to 40 control 72 to drive an AF drive motor, for each of the controlled axes a continuous which the machine and the cutter 56 into one "Position setpoint signal" to generate and moved for a continuous direction to the position difference signal and nual position actual value display of the actual dimension, thus the phase shift between the two machine position to ensure. To reduce input signals of the discriminator.

In the system shown, the position setpoint values are 45 A similar circuit for generating a Y-Posesignal and the position actual value signals both in the form tion difference signal has a Y -Phaseendiskrimiphasenanaloger voltages. Each phasenanaloge generator 76, a ^ operational amplifier 78, a voltage is a single-phase AC voltage with Y-motor control 80 and a Y-drive motor 82 with a nominal frequency of 250 Hertz. Such a chip-on. The Y-components work exactly exactly transmits the position or position information 50 as the previously described X -components,
through their phase relationship to one in the system. The position control described so far would hardly be

intended reference voltage of 250 Hertz. To be able to the machine at a certain poeine To indicate a change in position, the phas- sion will be kept and it will move to this particular positior analog voltage out of phase to bring you back when it has been disturbed Um load, which is proportional to the change in position 55 to generate a controlled movement of the machine, the oscillation counting processes of the command

The operation of the entire system will be modified by a phase counter 64 and 66 doing Rectangular clock signal of 250 kilohertz controlled, phase shifts of the position setpoint signals that testify to a crystal controlled clock oscillator, so that its rate of change dei 50 is generated. The 250 kHz square wave will have 60 phase shifts and the total phase shift from clock oscillator 50 to a reference shift proportional to the desired Ge Counter 52 is directed in which it is used to generate the speed and total displacement of the control a 250 Hertz square wave is counted which are in motion. To achieve this end Before the reference voltage for all movements in the setpoint phase counters 64 and 66 are off System serves 65 laid out that it has second input signals in the form of voi

In order to generate the phase-analog voltage, control pulses can be recorded. The Effect which is responsible for the actual position value signal is the 250- of a single control pulse which is based on a setpoint Hertz reference voltage is given to a decomposition gong 54 phase counter, consists in the

Normal counting of the totalizer momentary control 86 consists of modifying the pulse rate so as to produce a small phase shift that multiplies the pulse rate of its input to an output signal. Regularly signals to> / üoo a numeric decimal instruction; repeated feed lines of these control pulses generated, which repeated phase shifts of the nominal position data circuit 90 are received by the numerical input gene,
value signals in increments equal to 0.0001 inches (approximately. The function generator 88 is actuated by an in-0.000254 cm) of the machine movement with the input pulse train of the speed controller 86 with a continuous phase shift and sent under control of data of a speed which is proportional at the frequency from the input numerical data circuit 90 Im the control pulses applied. The source of the io pulse to the A 'setpoint phase counter 64 through control pulses for the phase counters has a Z-distance counter 92 and to the Y-setpoint manually operated circuit 84, a speed phase counter 66 through the Y-distance counter control 86 and a function generator 88 . 94. The function generator 88 performs two basic

The hand-operated circuit 84 is one functional. It is designed in such a way that it is driven to any 125 kHz square-wave input signal, which operates 15 at a time in a single plane, and it emits pulse trains from an intermediate point within the reference signal, which move longitudinally
Counter 52 is derived. This signal is in the
hereinafter referred to as CL. When this signal is used as a ■. ·
l4u> _S s, _r dU in the SO ,, ™ «phasLmawcke ·>« £ 5
64 and 66 was passed, there was a maximum of 20 _ra tors or
Generate the allowed feed rate for the system. To control the movement in the> ·, .. _D , ..,. ... , ,,.
System with a feed rate lower ^b) £! "*. To enable arc of any length within emes than the maximum, the signal will instruct quadrants of a specified level. CL not directly to the setpoint _{phase counters 64 * 5} P"'^" ⁸ ^ Function generator * has two and 66 directed, but its frequency pulse series DF and UF is reduced to the pulse 'by using the manually operated circuit sequences of these series to control the speed 84, the speed control 86 and the func- tional movement of the tool in tion generator 88. Each of these Kompo- direction and m Y-direction to the genenten can reduce the frequency of its input pulse train 30 Γ ° ρ 1.1, ^r "Ultimate speed along and can generate the next component of the ^{path contour.} Likewise, supply the control system with a series of pulses consisting of total numbers of such X- or Y-axis pulses, pulses with approximately the same spacing, with a pulse repetition frequency that is reduced to the ^{length of the spell.}

Through the joint activity of these three components, the setpoint phase counters are supplied with 92 and 94 measuring the displacements of the X and control pulse sequences that are suitable for the Y target value signals by counting the output required feed rate. impulses, they wJche from the function generator

Input information for the system is received from one. When the total number of the counter numerical data input circuit 90 is supplied. 40 pulses reaches a prescribed number (outlined instructions are sent to the control as data received from the numerical input data block, each of which has a linear dimension 90), the distance counters interrupt or specify a circular arc dimension. The data will flow the pulses to their respective setpoint values from a numerical input means such as a numeric input device. B. phase counters 64 and 66, which indicates a tape, by a tape scanner 45 that the X and Y counting is finished When read and on buffer storage elements over- both distance counters 92 and 94 have indicated that wear. While the controller is finished counting a data block, a data transmission is being processed, the tape scanner operation starts again through a data transmission circuit 96 and quickly fills the buffer memory elements. The data transmission circuit 96 sends a transmission signal TF to the operation request with new information for the following block 50. After completion of the processing of all buffer storage elements and data blocks, the new instructions become counters to cause a new data from the buffer storage elements in the active block from the Pnffer storage elements to the memory in response to an active transmission signal Memory is transferred. The circuit 96 is transferred, and the calculation with the new data 55 sends on a transfer reset signal TRS to block is started. Input data are sent from the function generator 88 and to the distance input circuit 90 to the speed control counters 92 and 94 and a blocking signal TB tion 86, to the function generator 8 * to the function generator 88 and to the counter X setpoint phase counter 64, to the Y setpoint values 92 and 94 to suspend the operation of these units phase counter 66, to a Z distance counter 60, and a buffer reset signal BR to the 92 and to an F distance counter 94. Function generator and the distance counters

It is related to the source of the control pulses. The data transfer circuit 96 can also through

noted for the command phase counters that the receipt of a signal from the port 36 shown in FIG

Basic function of the manually operated circuit 84 in FIG. 2, can be actuated. It is this latter signal

puts the machine operator in position 65 which incorrectly indicates that the machine

to move, the feed speed has reached a specified position by hand, and that for

used to measure the speed compared to the programmed speed, as described in the previous

to increase or decrease. The speedwritten.

So much for the description of a basic numerical control.

The input numerical data circuit 90 comprises a strip scanner having various known decoding circuits. The data input circuit 90 functions to take encoded data from the paper tape as shown in FIG. 4, reads in and forwards the decoded information to the various specified components in the controller. A typical strip of paper is about 2.54 cm (1 inch) wide. The information is applied to the strip by punching holes in the longitudinal rows 1 to 8 and transverse columns 0 to 5. Each column above the strip represents a character, and the number and position of the holes form a code which defines the character. In the current example, lines 1 through 4 represent numbers. Line 5 is used for a conventional type of comparative control. Lines 6 and 7 are used in conjunction with lines 1 and 4 to represent letters. Line 8 is used exclusively for a signal (EOB) which indicates the end of an information block. Perforation holes are punched between the numbers 3 and 4.

Column 0 contains an address letter and columns 1 through 5 contain numbers that represent tool position movement represent from 1 to 9.999 inches (about 1 to 25.40092 cm) for one direction which is given by the letter in column 0. For example, columns 0 through 5 could denote Contained the phrase "X25217" that would instruct the tool to move 2.5217 inches in the .Y direction (about 6.4451 cm) to move. This is common and well known. Columns 1 to 5 are counted, and signals are generated indicating which column after column 0 is being decoded.

The AT axis distance counter 92 is shown in FIG. 5 shown. The F-axis distance counter 94 is essentially identical to the AT-axis distance counter except for the axis nomenclature and input selection signals. Therefore only one of these two distance counters is shown. As shown, the distance counter is a five decade decimal counter with attached buffers. It has a capacity of 0 to 99,999 increments, corresponding to 0 to 9.9999 inches (approximately 0 to 25.3998 cm). In Fig. 5 are designated the five decades of the counter with 100a to 100e and the corresponding buffer 102a to. 102e. The output distance instruction for the axis is read every decade of the buffers 102 as indicated by the signals T1 through Γ 4 from lines 1 through 4 when the X-axis command signal is read from the paper tape. The five buffers 102 β to 102 £ respectively and successively receive signals A1 to R 5 from a column counter (not shown) which is located in the numerical input data circuit 90. While the strip is being read in, the buffers 102 a to 102 e are successively filled with input data. At the time of completion of an instruction from a previous block, a transmission signal TF is fed to the counter elements 100a to 100e, which transmits the distance instruction from the buffers to the corresponding counter elements.The distance counter then counts down from the previously set distance number to zero. The member 100e of the counter with the lowest digit receives clock pulses CL. The decades of the counter are connected to one another in such a way that for each more convenient downward counting in a decade, a pulse is passed to the next larger decade of digits in order to cause them to count down by one unit. Each decade 100a to 100e of the counter also receives transmission reset signals TRS and transmission blocking signals TjB from the data transmission circuit

ίο 96. Each buffer 100 a to 100 e also receives a buffer reset signal BR from the data transmission circuit.

The distance counter also has input selection gates with two AND gates 104, 106 and one OR gate 108. The AND gate 104 receives a series of signals UF from the function generator 88, and the AND gate 106 receives a series of signals DF from the function generator 88. One or the other of the signals UF and DF is fed in as a function of the predetermined direction of movement. A second input to each of the AND gates 104 and 106 is driven by the output of an AND gate 110. The AND gate 110 has five inputs which are correspondingly connected to the outputs of the counter decades 100 a to 100 e . When the counter has counted down to zero, the logical condition for the AND gate 110 is fulfilled. This generates an output signal DXO for the data transfer circuit 96. This signal also blocks the AND gates 104 and 106. Before the counter has counted down to zero, one or the other of the AND gates 104 and 106 will be switched through. A signal PCX is allowed to pass through the OR gate 108 and passed to the A 'command phase counter 64. This signal is also fed to a control input of the first decade 100e of the distance counter in order to simultaneously generate a drop by one count in the counter and a phase shift by one increment in the command phase counter when the next following clock pulse CL is received.

F i g. Figure 6 is a logic diagram of the data transfer circuit 96 which is shown in block diagram form in FIG. 3 is shown. Basically this has a transfer reset flip-flop 112 and a transmit flip-flop 114 on having different input and output ports. The transfer the data from the buffer to the active instruction is normally started when both distance counters 92 and 94 have reached zero, indicating that the movement is on Reason for a given data block has ended. This data transfer can, however, according to this

Invention can also be started by sending a false signal to the data transmission circuit that erroneously indicates the completion of a move due to a given data block indicates.

The transfer of the data entails four operations. These operations are in the order in which they are started, transmission blocking (rS signal), transmission reset (TRS signal), transmission (FF signal) and buffer reset.

lung (BR). These signals have a synchronous relationship with the clock signal CL and are connected to the data storage locations in order to generate a coordinated parallel data transmission.

The temporal relationship of these signals is shown in FIG. 7. The transmission block signal TB suspends the operation of the function generator 88. It also switches the Zähltore all decades down to the "lowest digit" 102 e of Abstandszählwerke 92 and 94 off to a progressive triggers to change from one decade to the next during transmission reset operation.
. The transmission reset signal TRS resets both distance counters 92 and 94 in preparation for the next operation.

The transmission signal TF actuates the transmission gates in all active instruction memories and counters in order to bring the flip-flops in both counters 92 and 94 into agreement with the states of the corresponding flip-flops in their buffers and thus to effect the actual transmission of the data.

The buffer reset signal BR resets the buffers in the distance counters 92 and 94 so that programmed distances are erased after they have been used once. The buffer values for new distances are then zero until new values are read in.

The input to the data transfer circuit is through an AND gate 116. The AND gate 116 receives DXO and DKO signals from the distance counters 92 and 94 and a control signal from the reset flip-flop 112 is connected to an input of the OR gate 118. A second input of the OR gate 118 is connected to the output of the gate 36 shown in FIG. The output of the OR gate 118 is connected to an input of an AND gate 120, and a second input of the AND gate 120 receives clock pulses UL. An output of the AND gate 120 is connected to a set input terminal of the reset flip-flop 112. The output of the OR gate 118 provides for the setting of the reset flip-flop 112. The flip-flop 112 is reset (cleared) by an output signal from the AND gate 122. One input of AND gate 122 receives clock pulses CL, and a second input of the AND gate receives a control signal from the output of transfer flip-flop 114.

The transfer flip-flop 114 receives a set signal from an output of an AND gate 124. One input of the AND gate 124 receives a signal from the reset flip-flop 112, and a second input of this AND gate receives Clock signals UL. The signal from the reset flip-flop 112 ensures that the transfer flip-flop 114 is set. A reset input of the transfer flip-flop 114 is connected to an output of an AND gate 126. One input of AND gate 126 is connected to receive clock pulses UL and a second input of this gate is connected to receive an output from transmit flip-flop 114. The signal from flip-flop 114 resets the same flip-flop.

The output gates of the data transfer circuit have three AND gates 128, 130 and 132 and an OR gate 134, which is followed by an inverter 136. The AND gate 128 is connected to receive TRG and TFG signals from the reset flip Flop 112 and the transmission flip-flop 114 and generates the signal BR. The AND gate 130 receives signals from these two flip-flops in the same way, but the signals are of opposite polarity (TRG and TFG) to the signals which are fed to the AND gate 128. The gate 30 generates the signal TRS. The AND gate 132 also receives input signals from these two flip-flops, but the Si gnale h ave different polarity relationships (TRG and TFG) to those signals which are fed to the other two AND gates. The gate 132 generates the signal TF. OR gate 134 receives signals (TRG) from reset flip-flop 112 and signals from the output of input AND gate 116. The output of OR gate 134 is merely inverted by inverter 136 to produce signal TB .

The operation of the data transmission circuit is as follows:

The reset flip-flop 112 and the transfer flip-flop 114 are both initially in the clear state. When inputs DXO and DYO to AND gate 116 transition to logic "0", indicating that distance counters 92 and 94 have counted down to zero, an output from AND gate 116 causes transmission block signal TB to logic "1" «To pass. This process also causes the reset flip-flop to be set, ie set to control.

The next input signal UL through gate 120 sets flip-flop 112. Therefore, its output signal TRG becomes binary "1" and causes output signal TB to be held at the value "1" through gates 134 and 136. When reset flip-flop 112 is set and transmit flip-flop 114 is reset, its output signals through AND gate 130 cause signal TRS to transition to a logic "1". This resets all of the flip-flops in the distance counters 92 and 94, causing the DXO and DYO signals to transition to a logic "1" and the set signal from the reset flip-flop 112 to disappear.

The next input pulse UL sets the transfer flip-flop 114, since the signal TRG has the binary "zero" value. The signal TRS then changes to a logical "0" since this signal can only have the value "1" while the reset flip-flop 112 is set and the transfer flip-flop 114 is reset. At the same time, the signal TF changes to a logical "1", since it can only be "1" if both flip-flops 112 and 114 are set.

The next clock pulse UL resets the flip-flop 112. The flip-flop 112 was triggered to reset when the flip-flop 114 was set. Therefore the output signal TF becomes “0” and there: output signal BR “1”.

The next clock pulse UL resets the transfer flip-flop 112 and causes a transition to the logical "0" of the signal BR. The output signals TRS, TF and TB have previously changed to the logical "0". The flip-flops Hi and 114 are both reset and the transmission cycle has ended.

The same data transfer process is started by adding a logical "1" signal to the OR Gate 118 is fed from gate 36 (Fig. 2)

is 16

when the measuring device is made operational, the reset input terminal of the flip-flop 154 closes

will. give.

FIG. 8 is a logic diagram of one of the AND gate 156 mentioned above exemplary circuit according to the invention, which has an output connection to an input of a also the connections with the other parts 5 OR gate 166, the OR gate 166 reverses that the control shows. Those members of the in F i g. 8 bypasses output from AND gate 156 and forwards circuit shown, which was already shown in FIG. 2, it to an input of an AND gate 168. An out generally in FIG. 8 with the same reference gear of the AND gate 168 leads to the set input characters as in Fig. 2 designated. Note, the flip-flop 170. An output of the flip-flop 170 that the AND gate 116 and the OR gate 118 are connected to a second input of the AND gate 168 shows in FIG. 6, also in FIG. 8 are shown. Also connected to a set signal to the AND gate tool 12 and the measuring block 18 shown in FIG. The output of flip-flop 170 is also 1, are shown diagrammatically connected by an input to the OR gate 118, normally open two-contact switch 140. which is described above in connection with FIG. 6 described

The circuit shown in FIG. 8 can roughly have been made in FIG. A second input of the OR gate

two circuit parts are divided, the one on the 118 is connected to the AND gate 116,

are shown on the left and right of the figure. Which in the previous with the same figure

The circuit shown on the left shows the measuring device has been described. Hence the OR-

while the circuit shown on the right is gate 118 an output signal for the AND gate 120

relates to various error display parts. Like 20 in the data transmission circuit in answer

will be explained later, various inputs are available for the reception of either a normal transmission

to the circuit for another fault indication circuit signal from the AND gate 116 or one

device is provided, which in the event of a particularly incorrect transmission signal from the flip-flop 170.

application can be desired. The output of the OR gate 118 is also

As in Fig. 8, an input to the 35 is connected to an input of an AND gate 172. Measuring device part of the circuit of the collective An output of AND gate 172 is connected to point 142, shown on the upper left the reset input of flip-flop 170. One side of the figure. The collecting point 142 is connected directly to the second input of the AND gate 172 is connected to a positive DC voltage source + V in such a way that it can receive clock signals CT and via a line 22 via the switch 30. The signal from the OR gate 118 to the 140 to ground. The collection point 142 is also an AND gate 172 which generates a reset control signal via an inverter 144 and a driver circuit 146 for this AND gate.

with one side of a display device such as the fault display portion of the circuit has that

a lamp connected. The other side of the on-error display flip-flop 160, which above

pulling device 148 is mentioned with a negative equals 35 and which is a setting signal from a

Voltage source - V connected. OR gate 174 receives. The OR gate 174 has

The collection point or input point 142 is via two inputs, which signals from AND gates 17 <

an inverter 150 with one input of an AND and 178 received.

Tores 152 connected. One output of the AND gate The AND gate 176 has two inputs, one of which

152 is connected to the set input of the flip-flop 154, a signal from the flip-flop 158 and dei

bound. An output of the flip-flop 154 is a signal from the AND gate 116 via one another

Inverter 180 receives a second input of AND gate 152. The AND gate 178 also has

the. if there are two inputs, one of which has a signal

An output of the flip-flop 154 is one on the flip-flop 154 and the other a signal The output of a four-input AND gate 156 is connected to an inverter 182. The inverter 182 the. The other three inputs of AND gate 156, in turn, receive and reverse a signal from one of them are connected so as to reverse AND gate 184 clock pulses. The AND gate 184 has two one-CTs, an output signal from a measuring flip-flop, one of which is a signal from the flip-flop 158 and an output from the flip-flop 160 158 and the other clock signals CT emp receive. 50 catches.

The flip-flop 158 controls the time or the The output signal of the error display flip-flop!

Time at which or during which a measuring 160 is switched off via an OR gate 186

Operation is in progress. The operation of the flip stage 188 is directed. This level 188 is used to di <

Flops 158, in turn, is triggered by output signals from machine in response to an error signal voi

the two AND gates 162 and 164 controlled. Switch off the 55 to the display flip-flop 160. she came

AND gate 162 has four inputs which also serve to provide one or more warning codes

connected to each other that they excite signals from the signaling devices 190 in order for a hearing

Receive data input circuit 90, and a visible or visible indication of the machine malfunction

Output that has to worry about the set input of the flip-flop.

158 is connected. The AND gate 164 has the same 60. In normal operation, signals are transmitted via dai

Way four inputs which are connected in this way, AND gate 116 and the OR gate 118 passed, un

that it receives signals from the data input circuit 90 a data transfer operation in the data

received, and an output which begins with a transmission circuit 96. This is before

Downshift input terminal of flip-flop 158 related in conjunction with Figs. 6 and

connected is. The same output terminal of the 65 has been declared. During the measuring mode win

Flip-flops 158, which have an input terminal sent a false signal via the OR gate 118

of the AND gate 156 is connected, is also the one which the data transmission circuit in exactly de

connected to actuate a reset signal in the same manner as a normal signal

The output signal of the measuring lip-flop 158 causes a 5 to be passed by the flip-flop 158. Therefore, at
Control of the flip-flop 154, if this does not meet, the next logical ^ -Taktsebcnmp
has already been reset & ? ⁿ * & * { J * er de ^ n inverter 182 sent unc

, The machine is now instructed to be in Rieh- as a logical *! "O" signal at an input to move the measuring device <Fig. φ appear during AND gate 178. If the tool "touches the measuring device" during the time before the tool reaches the measuring device, it becomes a logical "0". the input collecting point is on a positive signal at the output of the Fhp-flop 154 appear tive potential · The output of the inverter 154 is This signal is also ^ to the AND gate 178 _ge . to 0 potential, so that the driver 146 does not conduct, so that the AND gate 178 receives a signal via the and the display device 14S ₁₁ does not trigger the OR gate 174 to set the error display flip. jWhen the tool will guide the gauge 15 flops 160. If the fault indicator flip is touched and the switch 140 Fjop 160 is set accordingly, it conducts a logic "1" signal closes, the collecting point 142 is grounded. This to the input of the AND gate 156, so that the measurement causes a potential + V at the output _{v of} the inverter, the device is inoperative. Of course, guides the driver which operates the 146 to the display FehJeranzeige flip-flop 160 also receives a signal via the device to stimulate the 148th At the same time, an * o OR gate 186 is added to the shutdown stage 188 to shut off the signals from the AND gate 152 to the flip-hop 154 operation of the machine,
directed to set this flip-flop. It creates when the second mentioned abnormality occurs,

in turn, a logic 0 signal at an input, this is indicated by the AND gate 176. At the AND gate 156. The flip-flop 158, which initiates the measurement mode of operation, the flip-flop 158 has been set, also sends a logic "5 logic" 0 "signal to the input of the AND" 0 " -Signal to another input of the AND gate 176. If a normal transmission of gate 156. Provided that no system error should occur, the AND gate 116 is on, the error display flip-flop 160 also conducts logical 1- Generate output signal. This signal, if a logic "0" signal to the AND gate 156., is reversed by the inverter 180 and as a result, a logic "0" signal is sent to the second input of the impulse CT. the AND gate 156 sends a logical "!" - Out gate 176. This causes the lead to lead the output signal to the OR gate 166. The one signal from this AND gate via the OR-OR gate reverses this Signal redirects a gate 174 for setting the error display flip-flop logic "0" signal to an input of the AND 160 and switches the operations, as described above gate 168. If the flip-flop 170 in its back 35 ben, ab.

is in the position state, it also initiates a logical reset of the error display flip-flop 160

"0" signal to AND gate 168. Hence this is accomplished by manual control (not shown). AND gate 168 a logical "1" signal for setting This ensures that the machine malfunction generation of the flip-flop 170. This causes the operator to be brought to the knowledge and the Flip-flop 170, a logic "1" signal to the OR 40 condition is corrected before turning back on Transfer gate 118. The OR gate 118 returns.

redirects this signal and redirects it as a logic "0" - Note that OR gates 166 and

Signal to the AND gate 120 in the data transmission 186 and the inverter 182 not only as a signaling circuit. inverters, but also additional signal inputs

The OR gate 118 also directs a logical 45 gears into the system. The measuring device "0" signal to an input of the AND gate 172 of the invention can e.g. B. as an inspection apparatus. Therefore, when receiving the next logical one will be used. In this case, the unbe-O clock pulse CL could effect the AND gate 172, the input of the OR gate 166 being used, in such a way as to reset the flip-flop 170. that a signal is generated when a

The flip-flop 154 is reset after the measuring process 5 ° measuring element contact with a machined upper, either by starting a second surface of the workpiece. The additional measurement process or by providing a gear of the OR gate 166 and the inverter 182 normal transmission signals from the AND gate can be used to display signals from others 116. The first condition is caused by the failure of the machine to receive faults, such as B. made connection from the flip-flop to the rear 55 wrong positioning of various others Position terminal of the flip-flop 154 guaranteed. Machine parts, etc.

Flip-flop 158 is noted upon receipt of All Gates, Flip-Flops, and others

Signals from the AND gate from the data input logic elements are general to those skilled in the art circuit 90 is reset, causing the start of a known and not requiring more specified abnormality Program operation is displayed. 60 forms of implementation of the circuit. However, it is related

The error display part of the circuit causes the taken on a book called "Pulse, Shutdown of the machine under two conditions. Digital and Switching Wave Forms «by Mi 11 mann These conditions exist when the Tool and Dove, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1965 touches the measuring device and the measuring device is available for detailed explanations and illustrations of is not in the measuring mode or if 65 special circuits that can be used normal over- To the obvious advantages of using

transmission signal is supplied. tion of the invention include the elimination of

The display device for the first anomaly inspection time due to the more precise processing

/ ft,

tion, a reduction in the time required for processing, both as far as the use of the Machine and operator's time is considered, and the elimination of a source of Operator errors. Also allowed

the invention the use of inexpensive tools and increases the period of use of the Tool. The invention can also include the number of different tools used for a particular machining operation are required, reduce.

In addition 5 sheets of drawings

Claims (4)

1 '2 ι according to the numerically programmed instructions. Claims: The instructions determine the trajectory of the "V tool, soft": be linear or circular 1. Device for the extraction of tool can. Signals, which indicate the position of the tool-dependent correction values for the position control 5 at a given time, are compared with a numerically controlled tool signals, which are derived from the programmed machine, in which one is capable of instructions within the path determine the calibration tool known from the work of the machine coordinate system, and the tool moves in such a position provided in the form of a measuring stop for a long time until the two signals are equal. If it is that, under program control of the tool, both signals are the same, which indicates that it is drivable, characterized in that the tool is at a commanded location, in that "Every ^ Kqprdina ^ nnchtung iX _? Y) a is coming, will? a transmission signal is generated to indicate that the tool is ready to see a new one, each of which is executed at an angle of command. Normally the Be-90 ° to the assigned coordinate direction 15 are missing as signals that extend a position and show its position in this coordinate to which the tool is to be moved, and direction is known in each case that as a signal for approach , which indicates the size of the speed of each of the stops of the La'regulkreis (68 to 68, with which the tool has a nominal position value (measuring nominal value) for the new 82), position is to be moved. For the description that corresponds to a position (26) that is unreachable, the fundamentals of numerical control can be found as bar behind the respective stop, and that occupancy is a book with which a circuit (34 to 40) is provided, the title “Numerical Control” by RM Dyke, Prenjeweils on Touching Tools and jewice-Hall, Inc., 1967. long stop and the input of an In today's applications it is often necessary Correction value as well as the continuation of the nume- »5 a larger part with extremely small dimensional tolerances ric program. to edit. In a special case e.g. B. is it 2. Apparatus according to claim 1 with correction necessary, the outer surface of a ring, in the X and Y directions of the machine coordinates 36 inches (about 91.4 cm) in diameter, on versystem, characterized in that a measuring different dimensions to bring, which is provided up to block (18), which with its the stops 30 ± 0.001 inches (about 0.00254 cm) must be exactly the specified side surfaces (18a to 18c) sen. Such a part can be part of a jet engine aligned parallel to the coordinate direction, where extreme accuracy is required. work is vital. So far this is one 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, ge time-consuming operation, since after identifies the workpiece by means of an error detector (178 to 35) for each cut through the tool 184) to switch off the tool drive. - had to be measured. An initial measuring mechanism When approaching the measuring stop, work was required after the first one if the control deviation in the position control loop leads to incorrect dimensions of the tool, Has a value of zero before the tool has measured the bad alignment of the tool at its touches the stop. 40 assembly or similar to be corrected. A measuring 4. Apparatus according to claim 1 or a solution was necessary after successive cuts following, characterized by an error wendig to detect the wear of the tool (176) to switch off the correct tool. If any errors by manual drive mechanism, If the tool touches the stops and other than the measuring 45, the commands or instructions for soliwert leads the position control loop or no setpoint the tool from the prepared program in value is entered. Modified enough to make up for the errors. This is time consuming in that it is a Stopping the machine tool requires and one 50 operator performing the measuring operation, the amount of compensation or correction, which is necessary for correcting the program is determined and this correction factor in the Calculator of the device starts. Not only was this process time consuming, it managed the possibility of human error when entering The invention relates to a device for providing the correct compensation for the computer. Appointment Numerous expensive workpieces had to be carried out according to experience from tool-dependent correction values • the position control loop of a numerically controlled can be thrown away due to this human machine tool, one capable of within 60 errors. Ib of the machine coordinate system known There are also automatically operating devices : hposition known in the form of a measuring stop, through which this manual measuring and testing which can be avoided under program control from the tool on. With this Vorrichirbar is. adjustments become tool-dependent correction values The numerical control of operations 65 gained by being able to ier machine tool is nowadays generally known within the machine coordinate system called technology. This refers to the moving calibration position provided by the geies program Tool or a similar device is controlled by the normal position control system from