DE1956671A1 - Interface-active preparation - Google Patents

Description

BÖHM AHD HMS COHPABX, Philadelphia, Pa. / UNITED STATES

Surface-active preparation

The invention relates to surface-active preparations which be mixed into liquid detergent concentrate can and at the same time in thinned relaxation baths Develop properties.

In general, the invention relates to surface-active agents Preparations which are soluble in solutions of alkaline builders with a »high solids content. The invention creates a possibility of containing polyethylene oxide Solublllsleren non-ionic surface-active preparations in Bttilder solutions.

009824/1904

Bankhaus Aufhaue ·! -, M3nci; »n I. f.ii

iB-20. Account number 337S52 PotUoheckkonto Münoh * n 221886

The invention provides homogeneous liquid builder detergents as well as alkaline cleaning agents are made available, the non-ionic Polyäthylenoayd-interface-active Contains medium and alkaline builders. They are characterized by the fact that they foam only to a small extent, namely even if they are used to carry out automatic high-pressure cleaning processes can be used.

Alkaline detergents are most commonly used in industry for cleaning metals, glasses, certain plastics or the like. Especially in the metalworking industry Such cleaning agents are used in the industry to remove all kinds of dirt used, for example, to remove drilling oils, grinding and emery substances as well as compounds that are used in. Punching and dragging can be used. The alkaline cleaning solutions can be used to carry out various types of cleaning methods as well as used to operate a wide variety of devices. For example, they can be used for Immersion, spraying, can be used to carry out electrolysis or the like.

In industry, the trend is towards the use of alkaline cleaning agents in automatic systems in order to save manpower and time. The preferred detergent products used to carry out such operations are aqueous builder fluids containing surfactants as well as large amounts of alkaline builders. The preferred surface-active agents are the non-ionic, ethoxylated compounds, since these combine all the desired properties, such as, for example, excellent cleaning action, fast wetting properties, low foaming, unity

00982 A / t 904

Skin removal, good emulsifying properties, the Ability to be easily rinsed off or the like.

All non-ionic surface-active agents based on polyethylene oxide units as a hydrophilic component however, there is a serious disadvantage. These surfactants Agents are not as soluble in solutions for alkaline electrolytes as they are for alkaline ones Builder for making a liquid detergent concentrate necessary is. It is assumed that this is due to the fact that the ether oxygen atoms of the polyethoxy chain in alkaline builder solutions in excess Lose measure of hydration water. In either case, the nonionic surfactants have an cloud point above this temperature the surfactant separates into a second phase.

Alkaline builders cause the exercise point is reduced to a point at which phase separation occurs at ambient temperature. If you increase the Number of Ethoay groups in the molecule, then becomes the practice point in water or in builder solutions with low Concentrations increased, but solubility cannot be achieved at high builder levels, namely regardless of how many ethylene oxide units are present »A modification of the non-ionic structure, for example by incorporating ionic groups »can improve the alkali tolerance, but this also becomes undesirable Way the properties deteriorated as well as the cost elevated.

A particularly difficult problem encountered with the containment of nonionic ethoxylated surfactants in aqueous alkaline builder concentrates occurs, there is

00982A / 190A

rin that low-foaming, non-ionic surfactant gowns are used. This group of ethoxylates must have relatively low cloud points in dilute solutions so that only slight foaming occurs at the use temperatures, consequently these compounds could not be incorporated into builder solutions up to now, not even with relatively low alkaline builder quantities. Hbnionics low Schäumungeeigenschaften ^ß 3ind particularly suitable for Einmengung builder detergents in liquid, as many of the automatically operating Beinigungsmaschinen provide a Kraftwasehzyklus. Even if their greater mechanical effect results in a faster and better cleaning effect than when soaking or the like of the pail, there is nevertheless a major disadvantage that excessive amounts of foam are generated, the air content of the foam reducing the density of the cleaning agent and the mechanical Impact effect reduced. The use of low sudsing nonionic surfactants not only avoids this problem, but also serves to reduce the suds caused by certain soils such as proteinaceous materials.

The present invention enables non-ionic Polyätbylenoxyd-BTonionios, such as Triton X-100, in to be able to incorporate alkaline builder solutions. This is made possible in such a way that with such Honionics in certain Quantities of certain substituted succinic acids are mixed. The effectiveness of such mixtures, Making nonionics soluble in builder solutions is remarkable pronounced. The presence of the substituted succinic acids increases the cloud point of the nonionics in the Builder solutions to such an extent that clear and homogeneous solutions are obtained at ambient temperatures. Ss there are also other known Bydrotropes that are used for Nonionios in

00982A / 1904

Builder solutions have a certain solubilizing effect = They are useful, however, for most industrial applications not suitable, as it is too high either Require ratio HydrotropiHcmionlc or only such low builder concentrations allow the obtained Products have no economic viability.

I'm another advantage of the new use of the substituted Succinic acids is obtained as part of the surface-active preparations according to the invention, consists in the surprising fact that, unlike other hydrotropes, these substituted succinic acids are not in disadvantageously the properties of the Nonionios in the Affect end-use baths, this property is particularly important when using force-acting washing machines, since any foam production that can be traced back to the hydrotrope such a material is worthless would do.

You inventive preparations that in such a effectively a solubility in liquids with high Builder retention with the properties of ethoxylated honionics unite, consist essentially of mixtures of the following components:

25 - 90 96 of a substituted succinic acid of the formula:

R-OH-OOOH 1

OH ₂ -OOOH

wherein S is an alkyl or alkenyl group that is branched or can be straight-chain and has 7-12 carbon atoms, and

10-75 $> of a nonionic polyethoxylated surfactant.

¹ 00982 h / 1904

Examples of nonionic surfactants that can be used according to the invention are

El CH ₂ CO

where S is an alkoxy group, the alkyl portion of which has 8-18 carbon atoms, an alkylamine, the alkyl portion of which has 8-18 carbon atoms or an alky! phenoxy group, the alkyl portion of which has 6-12 carbon atoms, χ a number of 3 -90 denotes E ^ H, a Cj ^ alkyl group, a benzyl group, an acetate group, an ethylaetyl group, an acetal group or a chlorine group and E ₂ H _{9 is} CH ^ or, or

2, ithylenoacyd / itopyylenoxide block copolymers.

line preferred new misohung according to the invention is such a ;, in which the substituted succinic acid is the n-octenyl adduct and the non-ionic polyethoxylate a little more foaming Polypropylene oxide terminated ethoxylated linear primary alcohol, where the ratio of the first ere η constituent to the letssteren between 1.5 and 2 fluctuates.

Other materials that can optionally be used as a hydrotrope in place of the substituted succinic acids, are compounds which form the carboxylate when added capable of forming alkaline builder solutions such as this is the case with a substituted succinic acid. Such materials are, for example, mono- or disalts, alkyl esters, Amides and the anhydrides of alkyl or alkenyl succinic acids.

00982 4/1904

The non-ionic surfactant component of the new Mixtures can consist of preparations which have a hydrophobic component and a hydrophilic component, wherein the latter part consists mainly or completely of polyethylene oxide units and is characterized by that the molecule does not ionize in alkaline solutions. Ethylene oxide adducts may be mentioned of such materials, which contain amine groups. These substances are sometimes classified as oationics, but in reality they are about honionics in alkaline solutions. In addition, "modified" ethylene oxide adducts come into question, for example those terminated with benzyl groups and polypropylene oxide chains.

The effectiveness of the above-described hydrotropes in solubilizing the polyethoxylated nonionic surfactants can be seen more simply Demonstrate manner by comparing it to a number of previously known solubilizers for uonionics in alkaline builder solutions. When making such comparisons it should be taken into account that the goal is to provide a solubilizing agent, which allows the greatest concentrations of alkaline builders, and that for a given amount of a nonionic surfactant present in a minimal amount can be. Achieving this goal would result in significant economic benefits. Liquid builder detergents with low builder levels and consequently high levels Water contents cause excessive packaging and shipping and handling costs per rope of the active ingredient. It is also advisable to use a minimal amount of a to have every component available that does not contribute directly to the cleaning effect. Hence, the amount of Hydrotrope kept in the smallest possible space.

00982 Iv / 1904

while still providing the required solubilizing Effectiveness is achieved.

The portion of the gate achieved by the invention becomes clear when one compares the solubilizing effect of various substituted succinic acids if they are mixed with the benzyl ether of an ethoxylated higher alcohol. The solubility of this low-foaming nonionics in alkaline builders is so low that this compound is, for example, not in Kaliumhydroxydlösungen soluble, in which only 5 is present i> KOH. If this Bonionic is mixed with 80 # n-octenylsuccinic acid according to the present invention, then the mixture is also soluble in 35 # KOH solutions, as can be seen from Table I below. This table contains values which show the solubility of 80/20 mixtures of potential hydrotropes and the beneyl-terminated thoxylate in a 20% KOH solution.

The test preparation indicated in Table I as "Standard" is such a preparation that has sufficient solubility in a system if a clear and homogeneous solution is present over the temperature range of 19 - 45 ° 0. From Table I it can be seen that not all substituted succinic acids are satisfactory hydrotropes. Under The test conditions are compounds with straight-chain alkeny groups with 8 and 10 carbon atoms as well as with mixed alkeny groups with 7 and 9 carbon atoms, with branched chain Alkenyl groups with 9 and 12 carbon atoms as well as with a straight-chain alkyl group with 8 carbon atoms are effective Solubilizing agents. Compounds with straight-chain alkenyl groups with 6 carbon atoms are not suitable. The same applies to compounds having an alkylamino group or an aromatic group. The values are also

00982 /; / 190A

take that link with an alkyl chain with more than 12 carbon atoms at KOH concentrations of 20 $ S or above is no longer active, so that such a connection is to be regarded as unsatisfactory.

Numerous materials other than those in Table I. materials specified, including among others Materials previously known to be hydrotropically active. Many other compounds have also been investigated. With the exception of the substituted succinic acids, all of them work other compounds fail to adequately solubilize the nonionic surfactant. Of the unsuitable Materials are sodium benzene sulfonate, sodium toluene sulfonate, Sodium xylene sulfonate, sodium methylnaphthalene sulfonate, Ifodium dodecyldiphenyl ether disulfonate and n-decyl monophosphate ester mentioned. The results obtained using these compounds are summarized in Table IX. Other compounds that prove to be ineffective solubilizing agents have proven are, for example, sodium sulfonate, hatriiamheptylsulfonate, succinic acid, disodium phthalate, Disodium alpha sulfooctanoic acid, disodium alpha sulfostearic acid, Kabri'om-n-decyl monophosphate, i-sodium benzoate Sodium nonanoate and sulfonated naphthalene / formaldehyde Eondeaat.

00982A / 1904

Table I.

Solubilization of the benzyl ether from ethoxylated Alcohol V 'in alkaline! Solutions by various Hydrotropes of the formula R-OH-OOOH

CH ₂ -OOOH

Substituent R in the
Acid formula

hydrogen
n-hexenyl

Solubility of

Mixture ^ ² 'in

20? 5 KOH solution

insoluble ^ insoluble ^

n-Heptenylnonenyl (1/1) clear 0-52 ° 0 (5)

n-octenyl
n-octyl

branched nonenyl
n-decenyl

branched dodecenyl
tert-butylamino *
a-methylhenzyl

clear 0-53 ⁰ O clear 0-75 ° 0 clear 0-45 ° 0 clear 0-75 ⁰ C clear 0-88 ⁰ C insoluble
clear 0-25 ° 0

Maximum? £ ~ rate of KOH in which one solubilizing active-active effect is being developed

less than less than 30 % 35% 35 $ 30 36 30 # 20 Jß

less than less than

(1) HC _12-15 H ₂₅ ^ _312211265

(2) The solution contains 5 % of a surface-active agent and consists of the substituted succinic acid and the honionic of the luss note (1) in a ratio of 80/20.

(3) "Insoluble" indicates that between 0 and 100 ⁰ C there is no clear solution. The mixture separates into two phases at ambient temperature.

(4) 20 # is arbitrarily given as the lower limit, below which the product is classified as unsatisfactory.

(5) The dirnethyl ester, the disodium salt, the dipotassium salt, the diamide and the anhydride of n-octenysuccinic acid can achieve essentially the same results be used,

00982 A / T904

Table II

Solubilization of the benay ether from ethoxylated alcohol * ' in alkaline solutions by various kvarotropes

Hydrotrope

(3)

Maximum amount of KOH in fi * (n \ in which the mixture ^K 'has a solubilizing
Activity shows ^

Oarpoxylate hydrotropes (mono- and dicarboxy)

Sodium neopentanoate HatriusmeoJieptanoat Satriuomeo decanoate QH ₃ OA ₂ CH ₂ OOOH

-C ₄ H ₉ OCH ₂ COOKa ₁ jOCHgCOOKa Ol-j CH ₂ COOHa OlgCH ₂ COOKa

0-A ₁ CH ₂ COOKa

ff y_

Ü \

COOSTa

Sodium naphthalenate Ka "-plxtlialat

C.

Ka 0OC-CH ₂ -CH ₂ COOKa Ka 000 (GH ₂ ) ₈ CO0Ka Ka 0OCH ₂ OA ₉ OHpOOOKa

fewer as 20 56 fewer as $ 20 fewer as 20 % fewer as 20 # fewer as 20? P fewer as 20 # fewer as 20 i> fewer as $ 20 fewer as 20 # fewer as 20 # fewer as 20 % fewer as $ 20> fewer as $ 20> fewer as 20 % fewer as $ 20> less as 20 & fewer as $ 20> fewer as 20 % fewer as $ 20 fewer alß 20 f.

00982 /: / 1904

"" 1P «·

table II (continued)

Maximum EOH amount in # in which the mixture

f * \ a solubilizing act

SYdrotropAfl. vity

Aminocarboxylate hydrotropes

n-CgH ^ HHCHgOHgöOONa less than $ 20>

less than 20 #,) 000Ha less than 20 S ^

SuIfonat-Hydrο tropics

Hatriumbenzenesulfonat less than 20 i »

Sodium p-toluenesulfonate less than $ 20>

Sodium xylene sulfonate less than $ 20

less than 20 fi

less than 20 #

tert-C ₄ HQHHOH ₂ GHpOH ₂ SO ₅ Na less than 20 $>

tert.-C ^ H ₄ _HH0H _o GH «0H _o S0, lia less than $ 20>

tert-C ₀ H ₁₁₇ NHOE ₀ OH ₀ CH ₀ SO ^ Ha less than 20

Phosphate Hydropes

less than 20 $> less than 20 56 [CH ₂ GH (CH ₅ ) O] ₇ [Phoephat] ₂ less than 20 #

H ₂ PO ₅ A ₉ phosphate less than 20 #

Resorcinol-egypt-phosphate less than 20 i>

00982 A / 190A

Remarks i
(D Gi2.15 ^H 25

(2) 5 i> a mixture of 1 rope
^C 12-15 ^H 25-31 ^O ^ ^OH 2 ^OH 2 ^O ^ 11 ^CH 2 ^Ö 6 ^H 5 ¹ ^ * ^{Ieilen äes} hydrotrope

(3) ⁿ A * ⁿ in certain examples of hydrotropes means ethylene oxide units,

Since the results in Table I show the ability of various substituted succinic acids to solubilize a particular nonionic in a builder solution, it is of course of interest to make a comparison with values which show the ability of at least one of the substituted succinic acid hydrotropes show the same conditions of solubilizing a number of honionics. Since polyethoxylated alcohols are the primary honionics of interest, because they are the most effective of all known detergents, the main types of these ethoxylates were investigated, the results being summarized in Table III below. A mixture of Bydrotrope and Nonionio (60/40) is used. The itoxylates, which are solubilized in a 20% KOH solution, consist of adducts of alkylphenol, higher alkyl alcohols (for example with up to 12 carbon atoms), ₉ alkylamine, polysiloxane and alkylaoethylene glycol. Other ethoxylated nonionic surfactants are propylene oxide and Blookoopolymare. Ethylene oxide, two polypropylene oxide-terminated alcohol ethoxy Iates and a chlorine-terminated ethoxy alcohol. . .

The values in Table III clearly show that the effect of the hydrotropes according to the invention is quite general all polyethoxylate-tfonionics extends. Ee is on it however

00982 4/1904

to point out that not all such honionics are effective under the conditions described in the table. It should also be pointed out that not all honionics are the same with regard to the simplicity of their solubilization. The minimal hydro tropiaenge ₉ required to effect their solubilization will therefore vary.

In general, the nonionic surfactants which are most easily found in builder solutions have the nonionic surfactants P the substituted succinic acid hydrotropes according to the invention solubilize, a terminal hydroxyl group. Therefore, these nonionies are preferred types of surfactants Funds.

This category also fall compounds produce the _t after the addition of alkaline builders to a terminal hydroxyl group. An example is an acetate ester, for example one of the esters listed at the end of Table III.

table III

Solubilization of various non-ionic Äth- ψ carboxylates in alkaline solutions ¹ *

Non-ionic compounds * ^ / solubility, represent Mih ^

tert-octylphenol 1 ^ -

Ifonylphenyl A ^ ₀

Dodecyl phenyl A ₁ Q

linear secondary G ^ -j ^ -jc-Alk € ihöl-Ä _g -adduct

linear primary C. ^ alcohol X _Q 0 ₁ 2_.i5 "* alkylamine A ₁ c

Poly dimethylsiloxane-1 adduct

plus 10! units

clear O - 100 ° E clear O - 100 ° C clear O ~ 100 ⁰ G clear O - 100 ⁰ C clear O - 100 ⁰ C clear O - 100 ⁰ C clear 0 - 95 ° C clear 0 - 100 ° 0

Ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copoly-

meree (IeP ₂₉ A ₅ ) clear 0 - 8O ⁰ O

00982 A / 190A

- 15 table III (! Continued)

Highly ionic compounds ^ ' ! Solubility of the mixture '

linear primary 0 _{1Λ 1} «alcohol

A ₄ P ₅ ^Ίυ ~ ^Ίι2 clear 0 - 59 ° ö

_{Cg -10} linear primary alcohol

I ₃ P ₅ clear 0 - 46 * C

linear primary C ₁₀ -AIkOhOl I ₁₀ oil clear 0 - 54 ° 0 linear primary 0 ₁₀ _ ₁₂ -alcohol A '^ P * - clear 0 - 59 ⁰ O acetate ester clear 0 - 59 ° O

Remarks ;

(1) 5 i> of the surfactant in 20 $ strength KOH5 the surfactant agent is a 60/40 mixture of n-Octenyllsernsteineäure and Nonionic.

(2) Honionics alone are insoluble in the 20 # KOH solution,

(3) Examples of other nonionic surfactant compounds substituted with the same or with others Succinic acids mixed in various proportions to obtain an alkali-soluble product can be achieved, whereby different properties are of course achieved in each case, are the following: tert.-OctylpKenol Ä, -

tert-Octylphenol ™

Hexy! Phenol Ä «

tert.-Octy! phenyl I ₁₀ -tert.-Butylether n-Oet ^ loy-y Ä ««

Octadecyloxy

C ₁₂ amine ₄₅₀

sec-C ₁ ^ _-1 CH ₂ , ^ ₁ OA _1O -ethyl acetate

° 10'-12 ^Ä 10

00982 Iy / 1904

Further nonionics which are suitable according to the invention are Polyethylene oxide adducts of polypropylene oxide, with the molecular weight the propylene oxide chain or the percent by weight of ethylene oxide are as follows:

1001 - 1200 and £ 40

1501 - 1800 and 20 #

1501 - 1800 and 80 #

) 2200 - 3500 and 30 f

(4) "1" means ethylene oxide units, while "P ^M symbolizes propylene oxide units.

The effective ratios of hydrotrope to nonionics were also examined, finding that each Ratio of a monionic-solubilizing effect in builder solutions so that the ratio chosen is practically arbitrary. The upper limit becomes main, of course determined by economic considerations. It should be noted that the hydrotrope fraction is essentially a diluent as the main goal is to show off the * nonionic part. A ratio of 9: 1 is the effective maximum. The lower effective limit depends on the selected nonionic and on the particular builder system away. In fact, any amount of hydrotrope added to a nonionic increases its cloud point somewhat. The higher that Ratio, the greater the amount of builder that will be tolerated can be.

As Hegel one can state that a minimum of 1 part of the Hydrotrops to 3 parts of the nonionios is required to make a To effect solubility at reasonable builder levels. In Table IV summarizes the values that were

00982 A / 190A

Execution of experiments in compliance with various ratios of substituted succinic acid to ftonionic have been obtained. The system selected in each case provides for average ratios of 9: 1 to 1: 3. In this case, at a Senperatur of at least 10 - obtain a clear solution 45 ⁰ O. A ratio of 0.25 is not sufficiently soluble.

Table IV

Effect of changing the ratio of substituted succinic acid au honionic

Ratio of n-oetenyl solubility in a 20 liter succinic acid to Nonionio * ΧΟΗ solution at an amount of

5 i> of the surfactant

Means

90/10 clear 0 - 100 * 0 * Ethylene oxide units) 60/40 clear 0 - 98 * 0 30/70 clear 0 - 88 * 0 25/75 clear 0 - 45 ° 0 20/80 clear 0 - 18 * 0 * 0oty! Phenyl JL.

The solubility of mixtures of alkyl or alkenyl succinic acids and nonionic ethoxylates is natural not limited to hydroxide solutions. this fact prove the examples summarized in the following table V, in the implementation of which various mixtures in Batriumetasililcat, Ce trakaliumpyro Phosphat (XKFf) and mixed builder solutions can be used.

00982A / 190A

table V

Effect of various Non- i ■ Hydrotropes in different alkaline 6 CPM ionio ' solutions Alkaline" Silicate ^i4; Substituent on A. iDKPP / KOH / lia the amber ,,% ratio (2)
3 builder solutions ^v \ Silicate * ⁴ ) acid B. ^lW nis in which the mixture ^ J 1) denied O is soluble (clear means little TKPP / KOH / Na
t Λ \ Octenyl B. 80/20 at least 10 - Silicate ^ 2) branched B. Octenyl 70/30 30 5 3) n-octenyl B. 50/50 4) n -ootenyl 60/40 30 5 5) n-octenyl 65/35 - 45 ° 0) D. 6) n-Ootenyl 65/35 6 KOH 7) branched έ KOH Octenyl 80/20 30 i> metasilicate 55 3 Remarks: 17/14/15 p 23/9/16 % 23/9/16 *

(1) A. «a-0i2-15 ^H 25-31 ^0i0H 2 ^0H 2 ⁰⁾ 11 ^C 2 ° 6 ^H 5 B *

H ₃

D »HC ₁₂ H ₂₅ O (OH ₂ OH ₂ O) ₂₀ (OH ₂ -OH-O) ₃₀ H

(2) i » alkali in water

(3) 5 $ of the surface active agent U) SiO ₂ / Na ₂ O ratio of 1.86

00982A / 1 & 0A

Various mixtures, which are summarized in Table V, are used to determine their usefulness tested for a variety of uses. These formulations are cleaning baths in lengths of 1 rope added to the formulation to 50-1000 parts of water. The formulation of the example STr. 5 develops a very low. Amount of foam and effectively removes oil from Steel, namely "in a conventional manner Spraying the metal to be cleaned. The formulation of Example No. 7 shows good detergency and develops only a small amount of foam, this formulation also containing proteinaceous food soils able to defoam in dishwashers. The formulation of the example of Mr. 3 is suitable for washing in large Scale, especially for washing heavily soiled cotton and polyester / cotton fabrics.

The components of the new mixtures described above can be prepared by the methods described in Usual way of making monionics and substituted ones Succinic acids are used. Preferably, the substituted succinic acids by heating a Mixture of an olefin and maleic anhydride in a sealed vessel for a suitable period of time getting produced. The alkenyl succinic anhydride thus formed can be purified by distillation. If a light color is not aimed for and a slight loss of efficiency can be tolerated, the reaction may be mixed can be used without distillation. For some purposes the anhydride can also be used directly. In other cases it is more advantageous to use the acid. A conversion of the anhydride into the acid leaves

00982 A / 190A

cause themselves in such a way that the anhydride only with the required amount of water is brought into contact at elevated temperatures. Other derivatives of anhydride, such as for example esters, amides, salts and saturated alkyl-substituted ones Derivatives can be used, but they are not that easy to formulate and can only be derived from create more expensive ways.

The above statements show that the according to the invention Preparations are very versatile, both in terms of their formulation and their use.

00982 h / 1904

Claims (7)

Claims SSSBSSSSS 1. Interface-active preparation, characterized in that that they are essentially made up a) 25-90 $ of a substituted succinic acid of the formula R-OH-OOOH OH ₂ OOOH wherein R is a straight or branched alkyl or Alkenyl group with 7-12 carbon atoms, or a compound which when added to alkaline solutions the dicarboxylate ion of substituted succinic acid supplies, and b) 10-75 # of a non-ionic polyethoxylated surfactant Means consists. 2. Preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound that supplies dearboxylate ions from mono- and disalts, alkyl esters, amides and the anhydrides of Consists of alkyl or alkenyl succinic acids. 3. Preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the nonionic polyethoxylated surfactant a) R where R is an alkoxy group, the alkyl moiety of which is 8-18 Has carbon atoms, an alkylamine whose alkyl 00982 A / 190A Proportion 8-18 carbon atoms "has * or an alkylphenoxy group, their alkyl portion 6-12 carbon atoms has, stands » x 3 - 90 means R ₁ H, a G ^^ - alkyl group, a benzyl group, a Acet? Y! Group, Lthylaoetal or a chlorine group "means and E ₂ H, CH * or CgH, - symbolized, or b) ethylene oxide / propylene oxide blook copolymers. 4 * preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists essentially of a mixture that is 25 ~ 90 $ a substituted succinic acid of the formula H-CE-COOH CH ₂ -COOH and 10-75 # of a low-foaming polypropylene oxide terminated ethoxylated linear primary alcohol or des Acetate ester thereof containing, where E is a straight chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl group with 7-12 carbon atoms stands. 5. Preparation according to claim 4, d & characterized in that the ratio of substituted succinic acid to nonionic surfactant between about 1.5 and 2. 6. Preparation according to claim 4, characterized in that E for n-heptenyl-ITonenyl (1/1), n-octenyl, n-octyl, branched Nonenyl, n-deoenyl or branched dodecenyl. 7. Preparation according to claim 3, characterized in that the non-ionic polyethoxylated surfactant 00982A / 19 04 from tert.-Oetylphenyi iu * tert.-Ooty! phenyl A \ j ₀ , test.-Ootylphenyl Ä '™ »Hexylphenyl Ag, Nonylphenyl A ^ q, Dodeeylphenyl A ₁₀ , tert.-Octylphenyl A ₁₀ -tert.-Butylather, n «Octyloxy I ₆ , Oetadeeyloxy A ₁₂ , C ^ -AjQiH-X ₄₀ P ₅₀ , ^C -) 1-.15 ^H 25-31 ^OÄ 1O" Ethyl acetate, a linear secondary allyl alcohol Aeg adduct, in which the alkyl group 11- 15 carbon atoms, a linear primary allyl alcohol Aeg adduct in which the alkyl group has 12 carbon atoms, an alkylamine A-jtj » * ■ & which the alkyl group has 12-15 carbon atoms, a polydimethylsiloxane / ethylene oxide adduct, an alkylacetylene glycol I ₁₀ , in which the alkyl group has 14 carbon atoms, an ethylene oxide / propylene oxide blook copolymer, in which the haw. the propylene oxide blocs have at least 15 units and the "or" the ethylene oxide blocks make up 10-80% by weight of the total mass, a linear primary alkyl alcohol-A / P ,, in which the alkyl group has 10-12 carbon atoms, a linear primary alkyIaIkOhOl-AaP ^ * in which the alkyl group 8 -10 carbon atoms, a linear primary alkyl alcohol ^ l ^ Gl, in which the alleyl group has 10 carbon atoms ^ or a linear primary alkyl-ΑφΡ ^ -acetate ester »in which the alkyl group contains 10-12 carbon atoms, where" X " and "P" for ethylene oxide baw. Propylene oxide. 00982 A / 1SOA