DE1955210A1 - Perforated tape-controlled device for measuring and adjusting the position of machine parts, in particular on machine tools - Google Patents

Description

Perforated tape-controlled device for measuring and adjusting the position of machine parts, in particular on Machine tools

A known punch tape-controlled device works as a pulse phase system for measuring and setting the Coordinates. It essentially comprises a time scale consisting of ten timer pulses. -Of this In terms of time, sinusoidal voltages are derived to feed the measuring transducers, their rotors with each other connected by gears with a ratio of 1:10; A resolver is intended for measuring every decade. The rotary movement of the rotary encoder is the same as the sliding movement of the controlled part the machine with the help of a feed screw or with Connected with the help of a precise comb and pinion. The sinusoidal voltages induced in the rotors of

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Measuring indicators are in the Spanmings profile circles transformed into square-wave voltages. The phase shifts of the positive edges of the square wave voltages will be compared with the preselected pulses of the timer. With congruence of the phase shifts of the positive edges of the square wave voltage with the preselected With the impulses of the timer in the individual decades, the value of the desired coordinate is set. At the same time, the positive pulses are derived from an amplitude that is approximately 250 volts from the positive edges of the rectangular voltage to the anodes of the numerical indicator glow lamps, ten impulses of the timer are sent to the 10 cathodes in the form of digits from 0 to 9. The number on the glow lamp shines like a pulse, the pulse of the timer coincides with the pulse, which is fed to the anode of the glow lamp. At the phase shift of the anode pulse opposite the impulses of the timer, the other numbers of the indicator glow lamp light up.

According to the "known prior art, it was possible to use the to perform numerical display of 10 a at most per tenth of a millimeter, but it was not possible to do the to carry out numerical indication of hundredths of a millimeter, furthermore it was possible to start the coordinates only by means of the differential rotary encoder, but not by means of decadic switches attached to the control panel and the control system was not equipped with a device for automatic selection of the sense of movement, so that it was necessary to the sense

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to always program the movement on a tape. All of these disadvantages have been addressed by the present invention eliminated.

The essence of the invention consists in a supply of the measuring transducers by the pairs of square-wave voltages, shifted by J6 ° each by the zero point setting switch are selected, further in a uniform shifting of the square-wave voltage by means of correction voltages from the zero point setting switches and filtering the correction tilting circles for the purpose of achieving the correct transfers among the decades while maintaining the correct distribution of points the deceleration movement, regardless of the size of the preselected coordinate and the purpose of the movement of the controlled machine part, further in an automatic selection of the direction of the controlled machine part according to the difference between the real position and the preselected position and finally in the possibility the numerical display also shows the hundredths of a millimeter of the distance to be measured.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It shows

1 shows a block diagram of the pulse phase system. FIG. 2 shows the curves of some important voltages from

Circuits
Fig. 3 is a diagram of circuits for automatic selection of the direction of movement.

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Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the popular pulse phase system. The scheme is only drawn for three decades; the number of decades can be extended as desired will.

The core of this system - a time scale "consisting of ten timer pulses - remains with this system. The output voltage of the generator G from a

fe frequency 8kHz is used in the source of pairs of square wave voltages ZO led the ten pairs of square wave voltages with a frequency of 400 Hz and a pulse ratio 1: 1 generated. The square-wave voltages, shown in Fig. 2, are mutually shifted by 90 ° in each pair, the phase shift between the adjacent pairs the square wave voltage is 36 °. The square-wave voltages are converted into one unit of the timer pulses HI ten pulses generated, also shown in Fig. 2, in the circuit biasing pulses PI and to the preselection switch ZP are conducted every three decades. The ZP preselection switches are controlled from the perforated Tape through relay memory circuits in the tape reader

"Which, like the toggle switch, always replaces one of the ten Choose time pulses for each decade. The time pulses are mutually shifted by 36 ° and their pulse ratio is 1: 9 · The output voltages from the PI circuit are applied to the cathodes of the numerical indicator glow- • lamps, the biasing pulse corresponding to the time pulse 0 to cathodes connected in parallel the glow lamp number 0, the pulse 1 is fed to the parallel connected cathodes of the glow lamp number 1 and so on.

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The pairs of square wave voltages are fed into the amplifier ZES, which this voltage through the Reshape impedance. The output voltages from the ZES amplifier are sent to individual stages of the zero point setting switch AP, who select the associated pair of square-wave voltages from 0 "to 9 for each decade. The zero point setting switch are used to shift or set the start of the coordinate system. In the chosen position of the controlled Part of the machine that must be a start of the coordinates is done with the zero point switch Turned for a long time until the number 0 lights up in all decades of the given coordinate. on Couples selected in this way are fed into the supply circuits of resolvers (Selsynen) NS, where they further transformed by impedance and then into the stator winding the Abmeßdrehmelder S, - and S ^ directed will. The measuring detectors are coupled by a mechanical transmission in a ratio of 1:10 and the rotational movement of their rotors becomes the movement of the controlled part either by means of a thrust screw or derived with the help of a precise comb or pinion.

The step voltages induced in the rotors of the measuring transducers S ^ and S ^ * are fed into the filter F, which only let the first harmonic frequency through, so that the output voltages of the filters have a pure sinusoidal shape with phase shifts directly proportional to the mechanical twisting of the rotors from the resolvers

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exhibit. The sinusoidal voltages from the filters are passed into the shaping circles TO, which they convert into the square-wave voltages, which are passed on to the integrating circles IO. The output voltages of the integrating circuits have a triangular shape. The triangular voltages of the first decade are routed in sum circles £ i and £ '1, the second decade in sum circles £ -2 and £ .'2. In the summation circles, the triangular voltages are added with the correction DC voltages, which are generated from the third stages of the cancellation switch and filter F _x , and Fp, respectively. F '. and F'ρ are supplied. The output voltages of the sum circles are in the shaping circles TO ,, and TOp ^ respectively. TO ', and TO'2, which shape them into square-wave voltages. With the correction voltages equal to 0 V, the output rectangle voltage of the "forming circle" has the pulse ratio 1: 1, but if the correction voltages deviate from the zero value, the transitions of the triangle voltage change through zero and this also changes the pulse ratio of the square wave voltage and it comes to phase shifts of the two edges of the square-wave voltage (Fig. 2). The reasons why it is necessary to carry out the correction shifts of the phase edges of square-wave voltages are explained below.

The output voltage from the shaping circuit TO. we then the inputs of the bistable trigger circuit BKO. These inputs are simultaneously selected by one Preselection switch and with the help of an inverter I.

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blocks a time pulse of the first decade. The tilting circle BEO, determines the time correspondence between the preselected time pulse of the first decade and the negative edge of the square wave voltage from the shaping circle TO ^. If these pulses coincide in time, the breakover circuit BKO ^ flips over and the level circuit HO ^ switches it Heiais R ^ a, which sets the first decade. The level circle HO ,, simultaneously solves the level circle EOp, which enables the second decade to turn into · «^ can be provided.

The output voltage from the shaping circuits TO '^ and TO'2 are passed into the circles of the anode pulses AI, which the anode pulses of an amplitude of about 250 V for Generate indicator glow lamps of the first and second decades. To the cathodes of these indicator glow lamps the bias pulses derived from the timing pulses are passed and only passed through others Differentiate stress levels from them. Depending on which of these gate voltage pulses is used to generate the anode pulse coincides with the glow lamp in a contemporary manner, the lobster lights up on the glow lamp in pulses with a repetition frequency of 400 Hz.

The reasons why it is necessary to carry out the correction phase shifts of the edges of square wave voltage of the forming circles TO ^, TO '^, TO ₂ and T0' ₂ are as follows:

1. When switching over the zero point setting _{switch AP 7}

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E.g. the second decade by one step, there is a sudden change in the phase of the output voltage of the rotary measuring indicator (Selsyns) from the second decade by 36 °. The same phase shift can also be achieved by a mechanical rotation of the rotor of the Abmeßdrehmelder Sp by 36. In In this case, the rotor rotates under the influence of the mechanical ratio of 10: 1 from the resolver S ,, by 3j6 °. So that the coupling under the resolver is obtained even in the event of cancellation using the zero point switch, it is necessary, each time the zero point setting switch is switched over in the second decade, the voltage phase of the measuring rotary switch S ^. to move 3 »6. For this purpose, the third stage of the zero point setting switch is used the second decade the DC voltage from the resistive divider OD fed, which are graded in such a way that they are after the Position 0 to 9 of the zero point setting switch of the second decade the phase shift of the square wave voltage of the first decade 3 »6 ° from the value 0 ° to the Carry out a value of + 32.4 °, that of the ninth position of the zero point setting switch corresponds to the second decade.

2. So that the correct transmissions are obtained between the individual decades, and thus a simultaneous one If the two numbers on a glow lamp do not light up, it is necessary to use the anode pulse, e.g. the first decade in the middle of the bias pulse like this

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long "to hold back" until the anode pulse of the second decade changes from time pulse 9 to time pulse O. In this case, the anode pulse of the first decade must be offset by a jump of 36 , which results in the discrete lighting up of the next number of the indicator glow lamp of the first decade. The retention of the anode pulse of the first decade is achieved with the help of the breakover circuit BKO '., The filter F'. and the sum circle ir- '* . The breakover circuit BKO ', - is fed on the one hand by the negative edge of the time pulse 0 and on the other hand by the square-wave voltage from the shaping circuit TO'2. The pulse ratio of the output voltage from the breakover circuit BKO '^ determines at which point on the time scale the anode pulse of the second decade is located. The output voltage of the filter F '. is directly proportional to the pulse ratio of the breakover circuit BKO '^ and thereby also the distance of the anode pulse of the second decade from the hour pulse also maximally the corrective shift of the phase of the square wave voltage of the shaping circle TO ',, which makes up to -36 in the limit position. When the anode pulse is shifted to the no-deco pulse, the output voltage of the filter F '^ is zero, the phase correction of the anode pulse of the first decade will also be zero, which shifts by 36 ° with a jump and the following number lights up «

3 «When setting the coordinates, you cannot

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Keep these transfers between the decades, because the points of slowing down the movement would not only be at the actual distance from the target, but they were at the same time also affected by the value of the selected distress. It is noticeable, for example, with the transition from care 000 to 999, where when the decade transfers are received, a change in care occurs simultaneously in all decades. The setting of the coordinates takes place in such a way that first the time correspondence between the preselected time pulse and the output voltage of the shaping circuit TO * is achieved in the first decade, which leads to the first slowing down of the speed of movement, then the same happens in the second decade, etc. . away. If one wanted to set the grief 999 in the direction of the higher worries and the decadal transmissions were preserved, no decade would be set up to the number 000 and the controlled part of the machine would move at maximum speed. In the case of Kummer 999, the speed would be decelerated and the controlled part would be stopped at the same time, but because the previous deceleration of the movement was not carried out, the desired number would be exceeded and the preselected coordinate would be incorrectly set. For this. Basically, it is necessary to cancel the decadic coupling when setting and instead of their phase correction shift the edges of the output voltage of the forming circle TO ^, respectively. TO «according to the size of the selected grief on the lower one

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Decade, in the given case the second resp. third decade to introduce. This correction shift, which by means of the bistable tilting circle BKO, - resp. BKOp, the filter F ₁ - resp. F ^ ^ ¹¹¹ ^ · ^ - ^it sum circle £ 1 resp. £ · 2 is carried out, guarantees that the points of the delay of the movement by 050 resp. 005 parts of the target "are removed at any preselected number. E.g." at the preselected number 587 and the direction of movement from the lower whine becomes the first point of delay at number 537 vuaä. the second point of delay will be on number 582. The tilting circle BKO. is fed on the one hand by the negative edge of the zero pulse and on the other hand by the negative edge of the preselected pulse of the second decade. Using its pulse ratio, it indicates which time pulse was preselected on the distribution switch for the second decade. The DC output voltage of the filter F _x is directly proportional to the preselected time pulse of the second decade. For example, with the preselected time pulse 0, the voltage of the filter F .. is equal to zero and the correction shift of the square-wave voltage of the shaping circuit TO- is also equal to zero. With the preselected time pulse 9, the _{DC output voltage of the filter F x} J is maximum and the correction shift of the square voltage of the shaping circle TO _x ., Which in this case amounts to -32.4 °, is also maximum. The activity of the tilting circuit BKO2 of the filter F ₂ and the summation circuit £ ·. 2 corresponds to the above-mentioned activity of the same circles in the first decade.

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The bistable tilting circuit BKO. determines the time congruence between the negative edge of the output voltage of the shaping circuit TC ^ and the reshaped preselected Time pulse of the second decade. The preselected time pulse of the second decade is made with the help of the logic circles A., Ap, A, and according to the particular sense of movement in the circles OSP, the activity of which will be described below, on the left or right half of the preselected Impulse distributed. This ensures that at the moment of time congruence of the negative edge of the Output voltage of the forming circuit TOp and the formed Time pulse of the second decade exactly the negative edge of the output voltage of the forming circuit TOp is in the middle of the preselected time pulse of the second decade. The fine phase adjustment of the output voltage of the shaping circle TOp according to the multiple of 3.6 °, which corresponds to the preselected time pulse of the third Decade is carried out with the help of the tilting circle BKOp, the filter Fp and the sum circle ^ ρ. on in this way determines the bistable breakover circuit BKO ^ at the same time the resulting position of the second and third decades, so that the resolver Sp to measure the two decades is determined, and is the total number of resolvers at dimension n-1.

The resolver S2 also enables the numerical display of the two decades of the coordinate to be measured. The output voltage from the shaping circuit TO '^ is, as in the first decade, in the circuit of the anode pulse A ,. gelei tet, which forms the anode pulse for the indicator glow lamp of the second decade . In addition, additional electricity

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circles trained in the! Pig. 1 are shown in dashed lines and enable numerical display even in the third finest decade. This finest decade is usually intended to indicate hundredths of a millimeter. The additional circuits consist of the EOrmungskreis TO ^, tilting circuit BKO ₁ -, the lock A, the linear decade BD, binary decadic decoding device DEK, indicator glow lamp and summation circle SO. The circles work as a function of the numerical phase meter. The 40 Hz frequency pulse tilts the breakover circuit BKO, - and zeros the binary decade BD. The breakover circuit BKO ₁ - opens the lock A for the frequency 40 kHz, which is fed to the input of the binary decade BD. The negative edge of the square-wave voltage of the shaping circle TO * tilts the breakover circuit BKOc back, thereby closing the lock A and the binary decade BD remains in the counted state until the arrival of the further pulse of the frequency 40 Hz. With the help of the decoding device DEK, the indicator glow lamp indicates the status in which the binary decade BD remained after the lock A was closed. The summation circuit SO consists of a series of ten resistors. Its output voltage is proportional to the luminous numbers 0 to 9 and is passed through the filter F '^ into the summation circuit S ' p. The output voltage of the summation circuit SO has the same correction function as the output voltage of the breakover circuit BKO '^ and the filter F' ^ for the higher decade.

To conclude, it remains to describe the activity of the circles for determining the sense of the movement OSP. Their block diagram is shown in Fig. 3. The diagram

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is listed for two decades, but it can be extended by any number of decades. The principle of the activity of circles to determine the sense of movement is based on the comparison of phase positions of the
preselected time pulse and the square wave voltage of the forming circle, which defines the real situation in
the coarsest decade that has not been set. Depending on whether the negative edge of the square wave voltage is on the left or right side of the preselected time pulse in the direction of the zero time pulse
the sense of movement is determined accordingly by the controlled part of the machine. This sense of movement is saved and remains selected until the goal is reached.

The output voltage of the level circuit of the first decade HCL ·, which determines whether the first decade is set or not, is fed to input 1. In the event that the first decade is not set,
are the logical conjunctions A ,. and A, open. In this case, the left input of the bistable trigger circuit BKO. the preselected time pulse of the first decade passed, which is fed to input 2 and via the logic circuit A ^ and the logic sum circuit N ,. goes. The no-stop pulse is fed to the right input of the breakover circuit BKO ... The square-wave voltage of the shaping circuit TO ',, is fed to the two inputs of the breakover circuit BKO2 from the input 4 via the open logic circuit A and the logic circuit No. The inputs of the breakover circuit BKO ₂ are blocked by the output voltages of the breakdown circuit BKO ^.

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The breakover circle BKOp determines by its status whether the negative edge of the square wave voltage of the shaping circle TO ', left or right of the preselected Time pulse of the first decade is present; thereby it determines the sense of the movement of the controlled machine part. The mutual position of the square wave voltage and the output voltage of the breakover circuit BKOp is shown in FIG.

When the first decade is set, the logic circles A- and A ₇ - close and the logic circles A ~ and A ^ open. As a result, the breakover circuit BKO ^ begins by the preselected time pulse of the second decade fed to input 3 and the breakover circuit BKOp is controlled by the output voltage of the shaping circuit "TOp fed to input 5. In this case the sense of the movement determined according to the mutual position of the preselected hourly pulse and the input voltage of the shaping circuit in the second decade.

It is entirely within the scope of the invention if, instead of the two-phase torque indicator, the three-phase torque indicator is fed with the three-phase square voltage and if instead of the supply frequency 400 Hz another frequency, e.g. 200 Hz or 500 Hz, is used.

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Claims (2)

Claims / f (t> 1. / Pulse control device for measuring and adjusting the position of machine parts, especially on machine tools with a time scale comprising ten mutually phase-shifted time pulses, characterized in that a pair of the ten pairs of square-wave _{voltages each 36 ° phase-shifted are used to feed the measuring transducers S. and S 2} is, where the square-wave voltages each. " of the ~ pairs__ are out of phase with each other by 90 ° and the ^ "^^ pair is selected with the help of the zero point setting switch (AP). 2. Pulse control device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the voltage induced, for example, in the rotor of the rotary meter of the first decade (S ^) into the filter (F), further into the shaping circuit (TO) and the integration circuit (10), which the Square wave voltage from the shaping circle (TO) converts into a triangle voltage, which voltage in the Sum circle (& -1) with the correction DC voltages from the zero point setting switch of the second decade and the filter (F ,,) is added together, whose output voltage is proportional to the pulse ratio of the output voltage of the breakover circuit (BKO ^) is that by zero crossing and preselected time pulse using the preselection switch (ZP) of the second Decade is determined and the same compressive stress in the summation circle (£ -'i) with the correction DC voltages from the zero point setting switch of the 009831/0924 second decade and the filter (P ',,) is added up, the output voltage of which is proportional to the pulse ratio of the output voltage of the breakover circuit (BKO' ^), which is determined by the zero-time pulse and the output voltage of the shaping circuit of the second decade (TO ' ₂ ) . Pulse control device according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that for precise numerical display, e.g. in hundredths of a millimeter, the shaping circle (TO,), tilting circle (BKO ₁ -), the input block (A), binary decade (BD), decoder (DEK ), Indicator glow lamp and summation circuit (SO) are provided, whereby the pulse with a frequency of 40 Hz zeros the binary decade (BD) and _{tilts the breakover circuit (BKO 1} -), whereby the input lock is opened, which the frequency 4-0 Hz lets through into the binary decade (BD), which counts until the negative pulse, derived from the negative edge of the square-wave voltage of the forming circle (TO ^), flips back the breakover circuit (BKOc), which closes the lock (A) and the counted one Status of the binary decade (BD) is decoded by the decoder (DEK), whereby the counted number lights up on the indicator glow lamp, and the sum circuit (SO) sends the correction voltage to the filter (i "p), the size of which is proportional to the number that is lit. 0 to 9 is. Pulse control device according to claims 1, 2 and 3 »characterized in that characterized that the automatic selection of the movement 009831/0924 sense by comparing the phase position of the preselected time pulse and the square-wave voltage of the Forming circle is carried out, which determines the real position in the coarsest decade that has not been set. 009831/0924