DE19549857B4 - stereo endoscope - Google Patents

Abstract

Stereo endoscope with
an elongate insertion section (122),
an illumination light projecting device that projects an illumination light from the distal end side of the insertion section (122),
an objective optical system (132) disposed on the distal end side of the insertion portion (122) and generating at least three images (135) with a parallax of the object illuminated by the illumination light, and
an optical image transmission system (136) for transmitting the images (135), wherein
in the objective optical system (132), at least three optical systems (133) are arranged in parallel on the distal end side of the insertion portion (111), which generate the at least three images (141, 141a to 141f),
the image transmission system (136) has only one optical system which transmits the images (141, 141a to 141f) generated by the objective optical system (132), and
an image pickup device (140, 140a to 140f) receives at least two of the images (141, 141a to 141f) transmitted by the optical image transmission system (136).

Description

These The invention relates to a stereo endoscope in which a plurality of entrance pupils transmit corresponding images through a common optical transmission system be, with the images convey a viewer a stereo impression.

Recently became especially in the surgical field known as a so-called endoscope surgery, in reducing the burden on the patient without opening the patient Belly provided a small hole in a belly part and an endoscope is introduced for observation and treatment through the hole. In this subject area, the operation was already through direct Viewing and stereo viewing of the diseased part with both Eyes done and therefore, especially in the endoscope surgery is the stereo viewing to a great extent desirable. If the stereo viewing can be performed, the operation will be easy, the operating time is shortened and the burden on the patient is further reduced.

As a stereo endoscope in which a stereo view is possible, a first example of the prior art in the JP 6-160 731 A suggested that in 1A wherein two exactly identical optical systems are arranged parallel to one another and the images formed by optical objective systems 401 and 401 ' be generated over a predetermined distance by means of the optical transmission systems 402 and 402 ' (in this case transmission lens systems) and with the aid of such image recording devices 403 and 403 ' like CCD's taken on.

The Couple from the right and the left picture turns into electrical signals converted and played back on a TV monitor, not shown. If between the displayed right and left image with a high speed is switched and simultaneously shutter glasses which will be synchronized to the images will be at this time the picture for the right eye observed with the right eye and the image for the left Eye observed with the left eye, so a stereo view to enable.

As another stereo endoscope type, a second example of the prior art in the JP 6-059199 A proposed in 2A is shown, wherein an optical objective system 414 and a relay lens system 415 , which is an optical transmission system formed of an axisymmetric optical system. A prism 416 is at the rear end of the transfer lens system 415 and a pair of right and left images with a parallax is placed in image pickup devices 417 respectively. 417 ' formed by spatially dividing the pupil with the prism in two pupils and recorded. 1B and 23 on the left side of the 1A respectively. 2A represent corresponding entrance pupils.

Around to perform a stereo analysis, It is necessary to have a pair of right and left Image to get a parallax between themselves or each other exhibit. Therefore have to the entrance pupil for the right image of the optical system and the entrance pupil for the left Picture spatially be arranged separately. The strength of the stereo impression is in the case of stereo viewing also proportional to the center distance between the right and left entrance pupil.

In the two examples of the prior art mentioned above, in the case of the first type in which the two same optical systems are arranged, images having a parallax therebetween are obtained if the objective optical systems 401 and 401 ' up to the image recording devices 403 and 403 ' formed separately from each other and the left and right entrance pupil 407 respectively. 407 ' are arranged separately from each other. The center distance d between the left and the right entrance pupil 407 respectively. 407 ' coincides with the optical center distance D between the left and right optical lens system 407 and 407 ' together.

The second type of the above-mentioned prior art in which the pupil is divided is the objective optical system 414 and the optical transmission system 415 formed from an axisymmetric optical system and the pupil is a common pupil in this part. If this one pupil with the aid of the pupil splitting device (in the case explained above, the pupil splitting prism) 416 spatially divided into two and corresponding images are generated, images are obtained with a parallax between them. The center distance d between the left and the right entrance pupil 418 respectively. 418 ' is equal to half the size of the entrance pupil 419 the objective lens.

In the type in which the two same optical systems are arranged, since it is made of separa th right and left parts is formed, the number of parts large and the assembly ability bad. Also, the magnification difference between the right and left images is large due to the errors of the respective parts, the focus of the focus is large, the normal stereo viewing can not be performed, and therefore a fine adjustment is required.

In the type in which the pupil is divided, there are advantages that many parts of the right and left light paths are shared, the number of parts is small, and the shift of the right and left images can be made small. On the other hand, when compared with the same thickness, the parallax strength is less than the first type, and a sufficient stereo effect is hardly obtained. That is, so to speak, that there is a problem in that there are difficulties in making the center distance between the right and left entrance pupils large. This point should be referred to 3A to 4B be explained.

3A Fig. 11 is an enlarged view of the objective optical system at the distal end side of the first example of the prior art. 3B represents its entrance pupil. 4A Fig. 11 is an enlarged view of the objective optical system at the distal end side of the second prior art example. 4B represents its entrance pupil.

In the type in which the two same optical systems are arranged, that is, in the first prior art example, counter to the inner diameter F is an objective lens barrel 421 of the distal end 420 of the endoscope, the distance of the optical axes between the right and left optical objective system substantially F / 2. Therefore, the center distance between the right and left entrance pupil 407 respectively. 407 ' essentially also F / 2.

On the other hand, in the type in which the pupil is divided, it is opposite to the inner diameter F of the objective lens barrel 421 at the distal end 420 of the endoscope the diameter of the entrance pupil 419 of the objective optical system is less than F because the entrance pupil of the objective optical system is smaller than the pupil of the relay lens system because the numerical aperture (NA) of the endoscope is limited by the outside diameter of the relay lens system and the angle of view of the objective optical system is larger than that of the relay lens system.

Therefore is the center distance between the right and left entrance pupil less than F / 2 and usually lies at about F / 6 to F / 10. Therefore, this type is the size of the parallax about one third of that of the type mentioned above. In particular, in the case where the distal end is thin, did not receive sufficient stereo impression.

DE 79 28 130 U1 discloses an endoscope for examining human and technical cavities. The endoscope has at least two optical paths within the insertion region from the distal end to the proximal end. At the proximal end, two eyepieces are provided, which transmits the image of an object either to two parallel or two inclined image paths. The disclosed endoscope is not a stereo endoscope.

US 5,191,203 A discloses a stereoscopic objective lens system for stereo video endoscopy. The objective lens system generates left and right optical images of an object processed by sensors and a video switching module to produce a seemingly three-dimensional image of the object.

It Object of the invention to provide a stereo endoscope, the at high optical quality the one transmitted by the object Images allows a flexible use.

The The above object is solved by the features of claim 1.

advantageous Embodiments are the subject of dependent claims.

The inventive stereo endoscope Indicates: An optical lens system that uses multiple images generates a parallax, in particular, these spatially in the essentially coincide (are superimposed), Beam pupils, the multiple entrance pupils of the optical objective system and having an optical image transmission system, the images transmitted through the optical image transmission system ultimately by one or more image capture devices be recorded.

More specifically, this is represented by: a stereo endoscope with an optical lens system, an optical image transmission system and an image pickup device, characterized in that the objective optical system comprises a plurality of front-side optical systems arranged parallel to each other for taking a plurality of images with a parallax with each other, and the optical back-grouped systems comprising are arranged on the same optical axis as that of the optical image transmission system and form images of beams from the plurality of front-side optical systems with the beams substantially superimposed, and the optical image transmission system transmits the plurality of images passing through the optical rear-grouped ones Systems are generated, wherein the pupils have a parallax with each other and are substantially superimposed and correspond to the separated pupils of the optical objective system.

at this version can in a joint operation and images with a parallax, the transfer and are essentially superimposed are kept small, the diameter of the optical transmission system become.

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. The 34A . 34B and 35A . 35B . 35C each show embodiments of the invention. Further embodiments serve to explain the invention. Show it:

The 1A and 1B illustrate a first example of the prior art.

1A is a view of the construction representing its stereo endoscope.

1B Fig. 10 is an explanatory view illustrating the entrance pupils.

2A and 2 B represent a second example of the prior art.

2A is a view of a construction representing its stereo endoscope.

23 Fig. 12 is an explanatory view illustrating an entrance pupil.

3A FIG. 10 is an enlarged sectional view of an objective optical system part illustrating a distal end side of the first prior art example. FIG.

3B is an explanatory view showing the entrance pupils of 3A shows.

4A Fig. 10 is an enlarged sectional view of an objective optical system part at the distal end side of the second prior art example.

4B FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an entrance pupil of FIG 4A represents.

5 and 6 relate to a first embodiment for explaining the invention.

5 Fig. 10 is a view of an embodiment showing a whole of a stereo endoscope apparatus equipped with the first embodiment.

6 Fig. 14 is a view of a construction illustrating an image pickup optical system in the stereo endoscope of the first embodiment.

7 Fig. 12 is a view of a construction illustrating an image pickup optical system in a second embodiment for explaining the invention.

8th Fig. 10 is a view of a construction showing an image pickup optical system of a third embodiment for explaining the invention.

9 Fig. 10 is an explanatory view showing an arrangement example of an image pickup device.

10A and 10B relate to a modification of the third embodiment for explaining the invention.

10A Fig. 4 is an explanatory view showing images taken by an objective optical system and an optical transmission system, and an end image generated by the image transmission.

10B Fig. 12 is an explanatory view showing the arrangement of an end image and an image pickup device disposed at the corresponding position in the case that the objective optical system and the optical transmission system of the 10A be used.

11 Fig. 10 is a constitutional view illustrating an image pickup optical system of a fourth embodiment for explaining the invention.

12 Fig. 13 is a view of a construction illustrating an image pickup optical system in a fifth embodiment for explaining the invention.

13 Fig. 10 is a view of a construction showing an image pickup optical system in a sixth embodiment for explaining the invention.

14 Fig. 12 is a view of a configuration which is a main part of an image pickup optical system in a seventh embodiment for explaining the invention.

15A and 15B relate to an eighth embodiment for explaining the invention.

15A is a design view illustrating an optical objective system.

15B Fig. 16 is a side view showing the objective optical system.

16A and 16B illustrate a ninth embodiment for explaining the invention.

16A is a design view that represents a structural assembly.

16B is a side view of the 16A ,

16C and 16D illustrate a first modification of the ninth embodiment.

16C Fig. 10 is a plan view showing a unit structure of the first modification.

16D is a side view of the 16C with attached eyepiece adapter.

17A to 17C FIG. 12 are explanatory views corresponding to unit structure in the second to fourth modifications of the ninth embodiment. FIG.

18A to 18E Fig. 11 is views corresponding to structures of objective optical system assemblies.

19A to 19D Fig. 11 is views corresponding to structures of optical transmission system units.

20 Fig. 12 is a view of a construction showing an image pickup optical system in a tenth embodiment for explaining the invention.

21 Fig. 10 is a view of a construction showing an image pickup optical system in an eleventh embodiment for explaining the invention.

22 Fig. 12 is a view of a construction showing an image pickup optical system in a twelfth embodiment for explaining the invention.

23A to 23D illustrate a meniscus in a modification of the twelfth embodiment.

23A is a sectional view.

23B is a side view, as seen from the side of 23A is taken.

23C and 23D are respectively front and rear side views as viewed from the front surface and rear surface side, respectively.

24 Fig. 15 is a view of a construction showing an image pickup optical system in a thirteenth embodiment for explaining the invention.

25 Fig. 12 is a view of a configuration illustrating a main part of an image pickup optical system in a 14th embodiment for explaining the invention.

26A and 26B illustrate an optical objective system in a 15th embodiment to illustrate the invention.

26A is a plan view and a design view.

26B is a side view.

27A and 27B illustrate an optical objective system in a modification of the 15th embodiment.

27A is a design view.

27B is a side view.

28A and 28B illustrate an optical image pickup system of a 16th embodiment for explaining the invention.

28A is a design view.

28B is a side view.

29A and 29B illustrate an optical image pickup system in a 17th embodiment to illustrate the invention.

29A is a design view.

29B is a side view.

30A to 30G are explanatory views showing according to unit structure of the 18th embodiment for explaining the invention.

31A to 31F are views that represent correspondingly concrete forms of construction of the front group assemblies.

32A to 32F are views correspondingly showing concrete structures of objective optical system assemblies.

33A to 33D 10 are sectional views corresponding to configurations of rear group and relay lens system assemblies.

34A and 34B relate to an inventive 19th embodiment.

34A Fig. 10 is a general view of a construction of a stereo endoscope apparatus which provides the 19th embodiment.

34B Fig. 10 is a view of the arrangement of an objective optical system on the distal end surface of the stereo-endoscope of the 19th embodiment.

35A to 35C relate to an inventive 20.

Embodiment.

35A Fig. 13 is a view illustrating the structure of a stereoscopic endoscope of the 20th embodiment.

35B Fig. 11 is a front view showing the arrangement of an objective optical system as seen from the distal end face.

35C Fig. 12 is an explanatory view showing the arrangement of an image pickup device as seen from the distal end side.

36A to 36F illustrate the structure at the distal end side of a 21st embodiment for explaining the invention.

36A is a vertical cut view.

36B is a front view of the 36A ,

36C is a horizontally cut view.

36D is a front view of the 36B ,

36E is a horizontally cut view.

36F is a front view of the 36E ,

37A and 37B illustrate the structure at the distal end side of a 22th embodiment to illustrate the invention.

37A is a vertical cut view.

37B is a front view of the 37A ,

38A and 38B relate to an earlier example.

38A Fig. 13 is a constitutional view illustrating the structure of an objective optical system in a stereo endoscope of the former example.

38B is an explanatory view of the beam path in the optical objective system of 38A ,

39 to 42 relate to a 23rd embodiment for explaining the invention.

39 Fig. 10 is a general view of a construction of a stereo endoscope apparatus which provides the 23rd embodiment.

40 Fig. 14 is a view of a structure of an image pickup optical system including the objective optical system in the stereo endoscope of the 23rd embodiment.

41 FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of an enlargement arrangement of the objective optical system of FIG 40 ,

42 FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing a socket structure at the distal end of the stereo endoscope of FIG 39 represents.

43 Fig. 12 is a view of a configuration of the objective optical system and the image transmission optical system relating to a twenty-fourth embodiment for explaining the invention.

44 Fig. 12 is a view of a structure of an objective optical system in a 25th embodiment for explaining the invention.

45 FIG. 14 is a view of a structure of the optical image transmission system which incorporates the objective optical system of FIG 44 includes.

46 to 48 relate to a 26th embodiment for explaining the invention.

46 is a general view of a structure of an endoscope device.

47A FIG. 12 is a view of a construction of a multi-field-of-vision endoscope. FIG.

47B is a view illustrating the construction of a diaphragm for brightness.

48 Fig. 10 is a view of a structure of an objective optical system using a pupil pitch.

49A to 54 relate to a 27th embodiment for explaining the invention.

49A Fig. 12 is a view of a construction of a multi-field-of-vision endoscope including an optical objective system using an eccentric optical system.

49B FIG. 10 is a view of a structure of an endoscope relating to a modification of the 27th embodiment. FIG.

50 Fig. 13 is a view of a structure of an objective optical system in which an eccentric optical system is used and structurally designed with an afocal part in common.

51 Fig. 12 is a view of a structure of an objective optical system in which an eccentric optical system is used and a perspective is generated by refraction.

52 Fig. 12 is a view of a structure of a design of an objective optical system using an eccentric optical system.

53 Fig. 12 is a view of a structure of a design in which a relay lens system is combined with an objective optical system.

54 Fig. 10 is a front view of an optical objective system having three visual field directions.

55 to 58 relate to a 28th embodiment for explaining the invention.

55 FIG. 12 is a view of a construction of a multi-field-of-vision endoscope having a pupil switching device. FIG.

56A and 56B FIG. 15 are views of a construction of a multi-field-of-field endoscope in which the visual field direction can be switched by means of an image-reversing prism.

57 Fig. 12 is a view of a construction of a multi-field-of-view endoscope in which the visual field direction can be switched by means of the movement of a solid state image pickup device or the like.

58A Fig. 12 is a view of a construction of a multi-field-of-view endoscope in which a pupil switching device is provided near the pupil of an objective optical system.

58B FIG. 12 is a view of a structure of a multi-field-of-vision endoscope different from that of FIG 58A different.

59A Fig. 12 is a view of a construction of a multi-field-of-vision endoscope relating to a twenty-ninth embodiment for explaining the invention.

59B is a view of a structure of an endoscope, in which the optical objective system is shown partially in common.

60A Fig. 15 is a view of a structure of an objective optical system in a multi-field-of-field endoscope of a 30th embodiment for explaining the invention.

60B FIG. 14 is a view of a configuration of an optical system of a multi-field-of-vision endoscope of a modification of the 30th embodiment. FIG.

61A Fig. 13 is a view of a construction of an optical system of a multi-field-of-field endoscope of a 31st embodiment for explaining the invention.

61B Fig. 13 is a construction of an optical system of a multi-field-of-vision endoscope of a modification of the 31st embodiment.

The Stereo endoscope of the first to twenty-second embodiments is characterized in that it an optical objective system comprising a plurality of entrance pupils, which are formed in different places and several pictures generate that have passed through these multiple entrance pupils and have a parallax to each other, and a common optical image transmission system that the several pictures with a parallax transfers among themselves.

each embodiment from the first embodiment to the modification of the ninth, has the structure (a). The is called so to speak, images with a parallax among themselves are on separate Positions generated by multiple optical lens systems that are at the distal End of an endoscope are arranged, and the images from each other are transmitted through an optical image transmission system, the they have in common.

Like this in 5 has a stereo endoscope device 1 a stereo endoscope 2 of the first embodiment with a built-in optical image pickup system for stereo viewing, a light source device 3 which supplies an illumination light to an illumination light transmission means provided in this stereoscopic endoscope to transmit the illumination light, a camera control unit 4 (hereafter abbreviated as CCU), the signals for one in this stereo endoscope 2 built-in image pickup device processes a scan converter 5 who receives the signals from this CCU 4 into a picture signal, a color monitor 6 representing the video signal resulting from this scan converter 5 is issued, and a shutter glasses 27 on which provides a closing function for a stereo viewing of the image on this color monitor 6 is reproduced.

The stereo endoscope 2 has an elongated insertion section 11 to be inserted into a body cavity or the like, and a grip part formed at the proximal end of this large diameter insertion section and graspable by the operator. This insertion section is formed of a cylindrical rigid casing tube made of such a metal as stainless steel. That is, this stereo endoscope 2 is a rigid endoscope that has the rigid insertion section 11 having.

As in a conventional endoscope, this stereo endoscope includes an illumination light transmitting device that transmits illumination light from the light source device 3 an illumination optical system that projects this transmitted illumination light from an illumination window and illuminates the side of the object, and an observation optical system that obtains two images with a parallax so that the object illuminated by this illumination optical system becomes stereoscopic can be considered.

In Incidentally, this description will be made of this observation optical system in one embodiment explained exactly to create two images with a parallax on one Image pickup device serving as a photoelectric conversion function and therefore referred to as an optical imaging system becomes.

The grip section 12 is with a light guide opening 13 equipped and a fiber optic cable 14 is at one end detachable with this light guide opening or this Lichtleitermundstück 13 as well as an optical fiber connector 15 at its other end with the light source device 3 releasably connected.

A lamp 16 which produces a white illumination light, and a lens 17 That bundles this white light are in the light source device 3 arranged. That through this lens 17 Focused illumination light is applied to the one end face of the optical fiber connector 15 blasted that on this end Area irradiated illumination light is through the light guide in the optical fiber cable 14 transmitted and the transmitted illumination light is from the light guide opening 13 to the side of one in the endoscope 2 located light guide 18 guided.

The light guide 18 is as an illumination light transmitting device in the grip portion 12 bent and is through the insertion section 11 carried out. This light guide 18 transmits the supplied illumination light and projects the illumination light from the distal end surface at the distal end 19 of the introductory section 11 is attached, and continue through a lighting lens 20 forward, which is attached to a lighting window.

The corresponding optical images (by reference numerals 7a and 7b in 6 shown) of the article 29 (by the arrow in 5 shown) illuminated by this illuminating light are transmitted by optical objective systems 21a and 21b , which are inserted in two observation windows, next to the illumination window in the distal end 19 are arranged, generated at image-forming sites. The two optical lens systems 21a and 21b have the same structure and are formed of optical lenses with preferably the same characteristics.

Like this in 5 is shown, have the two optical lens systems 21a and 21b the respective optical axes 0a and 0b are parallel to the central axis of the insertion section, the two axes being arranged in parallel on both sides of this central axis and spaced from each other by the distance d (interval) between both optical axes 0a and 0b , Also, the two optical axes 0a and 0b are spaced apart in the diametrical direction, crossing the central axis, and therefore symmetrically arranged to the central axis. Two optical images with a large parallax can pass through the optical lens systems 21a and 21b are produced with the same structure with the optical axis, which is arranged in parallel, while they are spaced apart by the distance d.

The pictures 7a and 7b be like in 6 represented by means of the two optical lens systems 21a and 21b generated at separate locations and by means of a common optical transmission system 22 , ie transmitted to an optical image transmission system or an image transmission device to the rear.

These pictures are taken through this optical transmission system 22 transmitted with the same factor to the rear and ultimately the same pictures 10a and 10b like the two pictures 7a respectively. 7b through the two optical lens systems 21a and 21b spaced apart on a photoelectric conversion surface (image receiving surface) of an image pickup device 23 generated in the handle section 12 is arranged. For example, in 5 if the separation direction in the two optical lens systems 21a and 21b a horizontal direction is two pictures 10a and 10b in the horizontal direction on the image pickup surface of the image pickup device 23 generated separately from each other.

Like this in 5 is shown, the image pickup device 23 z. B. a square image pickup surface and is arranged so that the vertical or the horizontal direction of this image pickup surface coincides with the horizontal direction in which the two optical lens systems 21a and 21b are arranged spaced apart, and the center of the image pickup surface may lie on the optical axis of the optical transmission system.

By the way, the light guide can 18 passing through the insertion section 1 is guided, over the outside of the optical transmission system 22 introduced (for example, like a ring). Like this in 5 may be part of the vertical direction, which is the horizontal direction of the optical transmission system 22 at right angles, to be contained in an indented groove formed by axially cutting a portion of the vertical direction which is the horizontal direction of the optical transmission system 22 cuts at right angles. (An incised groove is in 5 however, two notched grooves may be formed in the vertical direction.) If such a notched groove is formed, the part which does not substantially contribute to the image transfer is taken away, the image transfer function is not reduced, the illumination light can be transmitted and the introductory section 11 can be made with a small diameter.

Since the effective sectional area of the optical transmission system can be made large, the eccentricity (the distance d between the optical axes) of the two objective optical systems can be made 21a and 21b which are opposed to each other eccentrically in the horizontal direction from the optical axis from this optical transmission system 22 are arranged at the front end of this optical transmission system, ie the parallax, are made large and the stereo viewing function can be improved. Furthermore, the overlay (cross talk) of the two images can be reduced.

The grip portion may be assembled into an exit portion 24 in which the image capture device 23 is installed, and an input section 25 be separated on its front side. The entrance section 25 has an optical image recording system (optical observation system) with the two optical lens rows or lens systems 21a and 21b and the optical transmission system 22 on.

Characterized in that the output section 24 is made separable, there is a flexible structure, wherein the image pickup device 23 in case of failure or defect, can be easily repaired or replaced with one of higher sensitivity or higher number of pixels to improve performance, and an eyepiece adapter can be connected to allow stereo viewing with the naked eye. (The structure in the later described 19 can be chosen for the construction of the connection part.)

The image capture device 23 is connected to a signal cable 26 connected from the rear end of the output section 24 stands out and this with the CCU 4 connects, in which by the image pickup device 23 photoelectrically converted image pickup signal is processed. That through this CCU 4 processed image signal is then in the scan converter 5 entered, converted into a video signal and then to the color monitor 6 output. Two images that match the optical images through the two optical lens systems 21a and 21b be generated on this color monitor 6 played alternately. By looking at the pictures on the color monitor 6 with a shutter glasses 27 the operator can view the pictures with a stereo effect.

6 illustrates the structure of the optical image pickup systems, ie the two optical lens systems 21a and 21b and the optical transmission system in the stereo endoscope 2 of the first embodiment.

The pictures 7a and 7b with a parallax to each other by the multiple (two in this embodiment) independent optical objective systems 21a and 21b generated in the distal end portion 19 are arranged. These pictures 7a and 7b which are separated from each other are transmitted by the optical transmission system as an optical image transmission system.

As in 6 shown are the optical lens systems 21a and 21b , z. B. three transmission lens systems 22a . 22b and 22c that the optical transmission system 22 form, and the image pickup device 23 , which photoelectrically converts optical images, arranged from the object side in the order listed above. The two pictures 7a and 7b with a parallax at the spatially separated locations (in this case, at the locations spaced apart in the horizontal direction) by means of the objective optical systems 21a and 21b The optical objective systems have the same structure and are arranged parallel to one another and separated by the distance d (eg d = 4 mm) between their optical axes.

The pictures 7a and 7b be using the transfer lens systems 22a . 22b and 22c of the same construction, arranged in series so that the optical axes can coincide with each other, transmitted by the same factor. That means, so to speak, the pictures 7a and 7b at the right and left sides of the optical axis O of the optical transmission system 22 be generated (with the help of optical lens systems 21a and 21b generated eccentrically on the left and right sides of this optical axis O, respectively) generated by the relay lens system 22a corresponding pictures 8a and 8b at the right and left sides of this optical axis 0 at rear positions of the optical axis 0. These images 8a and 8b generated by the transmission lens system 22b images 9a and 9b at the left and right sides of this optical axis 0 near the rear of the optical axis 0. These images 9a and 9b generate accordingly by the transmission lens system 22c images 10a and 10b on the right and left sides of this optical axis O at the rear positions of the optical axis O, respectively.

At this point, the image pickup surface of the image pickup device is 23 arranged and the pictures 10a and 10b are photoelectrically converted and output. A masking device is provided so that the two images 10a and 10b can not overlap on this image pickup area. (As at the later described 8th can z. B. a visual field diaphragm 30 on the image-forming surfaces of the optical objective systems 21a and 21b be provided to limit the field of view. The field of view can z. B. at the image-forming point in the optical relay system 22 be provided.)

The optical axes 0 of the transmission lens systems 22a . 22b and 22c are respectively the same amount on the right and left sides of the optical axes 0a and 0b of the objective optical systems 21a and 21b arranged eccentrically. The eccentricity may be selected in accordance with the desired parallax strength, ie, a size for a stereo impression, and is d / 2 (eg, d / 2 = 2 mm) in this embodiment.

The Number of transfers carried out is in this embodiment three, but may be dependent of specified values such as the brightness of the optical system set at a multiple of the simple to the tens and multiples become.

By the way, put in 6 the reference numerals 28a and 28b corresponding to the locations of the entrance pupil of the left and right optical lens system 21a respectively. 21b and the left and right images 7a respectively. 7b become out of the over the corresponding entrance pupil 28a respectively. 28b generates incident light. The corresponding entrance pupil 28a respectively. 28b is using the transfer lens systems 22a . 22b and 22c that the optical relay system 22 train, transfer.

During transmission through the transmission lens systems 22a . 22b and 22c For example, the two pupils can be displaced horizontally, but in transmission lens systems 22a . 22b and 22c better an overlay provided to make them small. Therefore, it is preferable that the two optical lens systems 21a and 21b Accordingly, they are designed to form optical telecentric systems, ie, the projecting pupils are formed so as to be infinitely distant.

Incidentally, the size of the parallax, that is, the center distance between the left and the right entrance pupil 28a respectively. 28b , by the distance d between the optical axes 0a and 0b of the objective optical systems 21a and 21b determines and is independent of the brightness of the optical system.

According to this embodiment, since the optical transmission system 22 is made for both pupils together, the problems in adjusting the lenses as compared with the case where it is not made together (in the first prior art) are greatly reduced, and excellent stereoscopic viewing can be performed.

Like it too 5 can be seen, as an image with a parallax by arranging the two optical lens systems 21a and 21b can be obtained apart from each other, the parallax is made larger than in the case where a common objective optical system (in the second prior art) is used, and therefore an improved stereo effect can be obtained. (The same stereo effect as in the case of the two optical systems arranged as in the first prior art can be obtained.) Therefore, according to this embodiment, the number of common optical components, the number of parts to be set and the cost can be kept low and the image gives the same stereo impression as in the case where two optical systems are arranged in the prior art.

Because the two pictures 7a and 7b having parallax by the commonly used transfer lens systems 22a . 22b and 22c with which axial symmetry is transmitted, little of the quality (magnification, contrast transfer function, image location, chromatic aberration, coloration and the like) of the two images is lost during transmission.

That means, so to speak, even if the individual characteristics of the transmission lens system 22a and scatter the other by production errors, in this embodiment, since the left and right images are transmitted through the common relay lens system 22a and the others are transferred, the influence of the individual scattering is not essential. Therefore, the left and right images obtained by this embodiment are images of good quality and with little distortion or displacement to each other.

If an operation is performed under the observation with this stereoscopic endoscope, a good image quality and a sufficient stereo effect are obtained, a captured image in an observation that comes very close to direct observation of the diseased part can be realized and therefore, an environment in which the operation is easy to perform can be provided.

Because the left and the right picture 7a respectively. 7b through the optical lens systems 21a respectively. 21b be generated in spatially separated locations and by the common optical transmission system 22 Therefore, in this embodiment, a stereo observation can be performed with the image pickup device or the like without using an image separator which spatially re-separates the images.

The final pictures 10a and 10b can in this embodiment also by the transmission lens system 22c together with an image capture device 23 be recorded. Therefore, the output section 24 structurally very simplified and a stereo endoscope with a low weight can be realized.

The image capture device 23 Incidentally, any of various solid state imaging devices (generally known by the names of, for example, CCD, PCD, CMD, AMI, and SIT) and image pickup tubes (generally known by the names of Sachikon, Busikon, and HARP TUBE).

Also can sensitivity by using an image intensifier or the like can be improved.

The image capture device 23 may be means for capturing color images with a single plate, or may capture color images with a two-plate or three-plate camera design. Also, the final images 10a and 10b from the transmission lens system 22c , as in 6 represented by the common image pickup device 23 be included to reduce costs and weight.

In order to obtain an optimal stereo impression according to the desire or the type of operation of the operating physician, the distance between the corresponding optical axes of the two optical objective systems can 21a and 21b be made variable, so that the strength of the parallax can be made variable.

In this case, so that the distal end section 19 can be made narrow, the two optical lens systems 21a and 21b to opposite sides in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the optical axis O of the relay lens systems 22a . 22b and 22c be carried out movably. If the optical lens systems 21a and 21b move, become the final images 10a and 10b in this case, however, also by the transmission lens system 22c is moved and therefore in the case that the image pickup device 23 is fixed, the movement is limited to an area within the image pickup area.

It has been explained that the image pickup surface of the image pickup device 23 is square. However, a rectangular area can be used in the horizontal direction in which the objective optical systems 21a and 21b as long as they are spaced apart. In this case, the image pickup area in which the image is obtained with a parallax can be substantially increased.

In 5 For example, a simultaneous-type illumination and an image pickup system are selected, wherein a color image is obtained by using the image pickup device 23 is received, in which such a color separation filter, such as a mosaic filter, is arranged under a white light illumination and is used. Likewise, a sequential type image pickup system may be used in which a color image is obtained by generating color component images from e.g. For example, three primary colors are obtained by taking an image with an image pickup device without a color separation filter under a sequential illumination in which illumination light having such wavelength regions as red, green and blue is successively irradiated to the side of the article.

In the first embodiment, instead of connecting the output section to the input section 25 an eyepiece adapter 45 ' which in the later described 16D are shown, so that the stereoscopic viewing can be performed with the naked eye. In this case, it is preferable to know the number of transmissions by the optical transmission system 22 keep straight, so that the left and the right picture 7a respectively. 7b through the optical lens systems 21a respectively. 21b can be considered with the left or right Okularlinse accordingly. (In 16D becomes the picture transferred four times.)

Incidentally, the lens data of the first embodiment is listed in Table 1 shown at the end of the description. 2 and others are together after 1 shown. In Tables 1 to 14, r1, r2 ... represent radii of curvatures of respective surfaces, d1, d2 ... surface distances, n1, n2 ... refractive indices of respective lenses, and ν1, ν2 ... Abbe numbers of respective lenses ,

Hereinafter, the second to ninth embodiments illustrate modifications of the first embodiment, and like the first embodiment, the image becomes parallax by the objective optical systems 21a and 21b generated in a position spatially spaced.

7 provides a structure near the final images 10a and 10b of the transmission lens system 22c of the image pickup optical system in the stereo endoscope of the second embodiment. The final images 10a and 10b be correspondingly by two image pickup devices 23a and 23b added. Signal lines (not illustrated) are corresponding to the two image pickup devices 23a and 23b and connected to a CCU, which in terms of internal structure partially from the CCU 4 in 5 different. The other components have the structure like those of the stereo endoscope 2 of the first embodiment.

For the CCU processing signals for the two image capture devices 23a and 23b By the way, the same driver signal can be applied simultaneously, for example to the two image recording devices 23a and 23b , which can be read out simultaneously and stored in two image memories accordingly. The same driver signal can alternately corresponding to the two image pickup devices 23a and 23b can be created, and these can be read out alternately and the read-out image signal can be alternately stored alternately in the two image memories.

The image signals, which were stored simultaneously or alternately in the two image memories, are alternately read out with the aid of the scan converter and displayed alternately on the color monitor. The operating doctor wears eyeglasses 27 and can do that on the color monitor 6 observe the displayed image accordingly and view it stereoscopically.

The stereo endoscope apparatus implementing this second embodiment can have substantially the same structure as the stereo endoscope apparatus 1 in 5 be realized.

This second embodiment has the advantage that the image pickup devices 23a and 23b each can be focused independently. If they are precisely adjusted, a picture with a higher quality than in the case of a common image pickup device 23 be generated.

Also, the parallax can be made variable in the same manner as in the first embodiment. However, this embodiment has the advantage that the movement, if the left and right image pickup device 23a respectively. 23b be moved while operational with the movement of the optical lens systems 21a and 21b not to a range of movement within the image pickup area as in the case of the common image pickup device 23 are limited.

In the first embodiment, the range of movement of the left and right images is 10a and 10b limited to an area within the image pickup area, since the image pickup device 23 is shared. However, according to the present embodiment, in the case where the end images 10a and 10b are fixed, the two image recording devices 23a and 23b if the movement deviates (is separated) from the image area, moves horizontally since it is operational with the movement of the objective optical systems 21a and 21b connected, and the final images 10a and 10b can within the image pickup area of the corresponding image pickup devices 23a and 23b to be kept.

Therefore is it an advantage that one Stereo endoscope can be realized, in which an image is obtained can, which gives a stereo impression. The other components have the same effects as in the first embodiment. The lens data of the second embodiment are by the way the same as those of the first embodiment.

The 8th and 9 relate to the third embodiment. 8th Fig. 10 illustrates an image pickup optical system of the third embodiment. 9 Increases the arrangement of image pickup directions 23a and 23b In this embodiment, as the two image pickup devices 23a and 23b the same as used in the second embodiment and the light-receiving surfaces of the image pickup devices 23a and 23b are not vertical to the optical axis 0 of the optical transmission system 22 aligned, but tilted away from the vertical direction. In other words, in the central part, the light receiving surface of each of the image pickup devices is located 23a respectively. 23b the optical axis perpendicular to this light-receiving surface is not parallel to the optical axis O of the optical transmission system 22 but extends at an angle greater than 0ø aligned with this.

When the light receiving surface of each of the two image pickup devices 23a respectively. 23b is inclined so as to interfere with the image surface curvature aberration 10c coincides that through the transfer lens systems 22a . 22b and 22c is trained and in 9 is illustrated, the deterioration of the image is controlled or reduced by the curvature aberration.

Because the Petzval sum of the transfer lens systems 22a , 22b and 22c is positive, the image area, even if the image area through the optical lens systems 21a and 21b in the case of transmission through the relay lens systems 22a . 22b and 22c bent on the curved surface, the concave surface is directed to the lens side.

In the light receiving surface or light receiving surface, which is vertical to the optical axis of the transfer lens systems 22a . 22b and 22c Therefore, a partial fog is likely to be generated and it will be difficult to keep the entire image pickup area in focus.

Therefore, in the third embodiment, as in 9 shown, the light-receiving surface arranged inclined in accordance with the contact surface of the curved image surface. In 9 is the light-receiving area around 25.332 ° to the surface perpendicular to the optical axis of the relay lens system 22c inclined.

Corresponding this third embodiment not only are the effects of the second embodiment maintained, but also a picture image with a small curvature aberration is receive. Incidentally, the lens data of the third embodiment is those shown in Table 2.

Because the Petzval sum of the transfer lens systems 22a . 22b and 22c assumes a positive value, can be a Petzval sum of the optical objective systems 21a and 21b with a negative value to the image area curvature aberration of the final images 10a and 10b to be controlled by the transfer lens system 22c have gone.

The 10A and 10B are modifications that represent this way.

As in 10A is the Petzval sum of the optical objective systems 21a and 21b such that it gives a negative value to images 7a and 7b to be concave on the back side (the apparent radius of curvature of each image surface is to be represented by R). If the image is on the flat image surface through the transfer lens systems 22a . 22b and 22c is transferred, the apparent or local radius of curvature of the image area of the final images 23a and 23b is represented by R and, as in 10 shown, the light receiving surfaces of the image pickup devices 23a and 23b on the contact surface of the curved surface having an apparent curvature 1 / R * = 1 / R-1 / R *, the influence of the image surface curvature aberration is further controlled by this embodiment than by the third embodiment.

In this case can be 1 / R - 1 / R * = 0 or the absolute value of 1 / R - 1 / R * can be small.

11 Fig. 10 illustrates an image pickup optical system of the fourth embodiment. The final images 10a and 10b of the transfer lens system are once again through adapter lens systems 32a and 32b which is an optical adapter system for connecting and generating images 36a and 36b form. These pictures 36a and 36b be correspondingly by image capture devices 33a and 33b added.

The adapter lens systems 32a and 32b are accordingly made of mirror parts 34a respectively. 34b and lens parts 35a respectively. 35b educated. A ray is made with the help of the mirror parts 34a and 34b led out in parallel (in this embodiment, the offset L is 6 mm) and the lens parts 35a and 35b serve to regenerate the final images 10a and 10b the transmission lens system with any magnification.

The optical axis of each of the lens parts 35a and 35b is apart from the mirror parts 34a and 34b parallel guided part, from the optical axis of the transmission lens system 22c offset eccentrically by d / 2 (2 mm).

If that in the mirror sections 34a and 34b parallel run and the magnification in the lens sections 35a and 35b set correctly, the pictures can 36a and 36b in this embodiment, optimal for image pickup devices 33a and 33b to be obtained with any size.

Because the image capture devices 33a and 33b can be used with a larger size than in the first and second embodiments, a larger number of pixels can be used in accordance with the size, and an excellent stereoscopic image with a high degree of resolution can be obtained. The other components have the same features and effects as in the second embodiment. The lens data of this embodiment correspond to those of Table 3.

12 FIG. 10 illustrates an image pickup optical system in the fifth embodiment. This embodiment is an improvement of the fourth embodiment.

The pictures 36a and 36b are correspondingly by further transferring the final images 10a and 10b the transmission lens system with a common optical adapter system 32 generated from a lens system, and the images are captured by the image pickup devices 33a and 33b added. The optical adapter system 32 is formed of a lens system arranged to have the same optical axis as the relay lens systems 22a . 22b and 22c having the end images 10a and 10b the transmission lens system are newly generated at a magnification and the image pickup devices 33a and 33b are arranged at the image imaging points or the image generation sites.

In this embodiment, the structure by the part without a mirror portion in the optical adapter system 32 be made easier, having the functions and effects as in the fourth embodiment. The pictures 36a and 36b if the magnification of the optical adapter system 32 is optionally set, optimal for the image pickup devices 33a and 33b be obtained with any size.

Also in this embodiment, as in the third embodiment, the light-receiving surface of each of the image-receiving devices 33a and 33b inclined in accordance with the image surface curvature aberration caused by the relay lens systems 22a . 22b and 22c and the optical adapter system 32 is generated to control the deterioration of the image. In 12 is the light-receiving surface at 11.902 ° to the surface perpendicular to the optical axis of the transmission lens system 22c arranged inclined. The lens data of this embodiment correspond to those of Table 4.

13 Fig. 10 illustrates an image pickup optical system in the sixth embodiment.

The final pictures 10a and 10b of the transmission lens system are again through the adapter lens systems 32a and 32b transferred to the optical adapter system 32 train, and are using the image capture devices 33a and 33b added. The optical adapter system 32 is from the two inclined adapter lens systems 32a and 32b formed the same structure. A lens system 32b and the image pickup device 33b are by d / 2 (= 2 mm) parallel, eccentric to the optical axis of the transmission lens system 22c and are then inclined at 10.076 ° from the point where the optical axis of the lens system 32b with the final picture 10b of the transmission lens system 22c cuts in its middle. The lens system 32a , which is illustrated by the dotted lines, is also arranged with the same inclination, but on the opposite side of the optical axis of the transmission lens system 22c ,

In this embodiment, as in the fifth embodiment, there is no mirror portion and by freely adjusting the magnification of the optical adapter system can be for the images 36a and 36b an optimum for the image pickup device of any size can be obtained. This embodiment has substantially the same effects as the fifth embodiment. The lens data of this embodiment is included in Table 5.

14 Fig. 10 illustrates a main part of an image pickup optical system in the 17th embodiment for explaining the present invention.

The final pictures 10a and 10b of the transmission lens system are through the optical adapter system 32 transferred again and formed in the same positions and the common image pickup device 33 is arranged at the place of image formation.

In the optical adapter system 32 become the final images 10a and 10b the relay lens system to the side of a shutter shutter device 37e passed over a path extension device for the optical axis, the corresponding lenses 37a and 37b as well as prisms 37c and 37d and thus become side to side lenses 37f and 37g led, that if one light shields, the other light passes. A beam passing through the lens 37f has run, the opposite of the one side of the closure device 37e is arranged, passes through a prism 37h , a half prism 37i and a lens 37j and form a picture 36a at the point where the image pickup device 33 is arranged.

A beam passing through the lens 37g has run, the opposite of the other side of the closure device 37e lies, passes through an optical device 37k , the half prism 37i and the lens 37j and form a picture 36b at the point where the image pickup device 33 is arranged.

In this embodiment, the transmitted images become 36a and 36b formed at the same location and received by an image pickup device. The closure device 37e is on the way to the optical adapter system 32 arranged and shielded alternately the beam so that two images are not simultaneously through the image pickup device 33 can be generated.

This embodiment has an advantage in that an image pickup device 33 sufficient and the costs can be reduced. The other components have the same functions as those of the fourth embodiment.

The 15A and 15B illustrate a structure of an objective optical system in the eighth embodiment.

In this embodiment, an objective optical system is made of perspective objective optical systems 39a and 39b formed with a perspective front as a visual field.

In this embodiment, a beam incident obliquely from the diagonal front side is reflected using reflection prisms 40a and 40b is reflected as the visual field direction changing means and becomes in a direction to the optical axis O of the optical transmission system 22 changed ( 15A and 15B only represent part of the transmission lens system 22a group). In this embodiment, the visual field direction is 45 ° to the longitudinal direction (the direction of the optical axis of the optical transmission system 22 ) of the introduction section. The reflection prisms 40a and 40b may have two separate bodies or a common body.

The formation of the back of the optical transmission system 22 may correspond to the structure of any one of the first to the sixth embodiment. This embodiment has the same functions and effects as those of the first to seventh embodiments, except that the visual field direction differs.

Other than that, in the eighth embodiment, the visual field direction can be changed by changing the angles of the reflection prisms 40a and 40b be changed. If the parts of the objective optical system are exchangeable, different visual field directions, visual field angles and parallaxes can be obtained by exchanging only the objective optical system.

The 16A to 16D illustrate the ninth embodiment and a unitary structure in its first modification.

The stereo endoscope 41 of in 16A illustrated ninth embodiment includes an optical lens system unit 42 , an optical transmission system unit 43 , an optical adapter system unit 44 and an image pickup device unit 45 on.

The objective optical system unit 42 has built-in optical lens systems 21a and 21b With uniform optical characteristics. The optical transmission system unit 43 has built-in transmission lens systems 22a . 22b . 22c and 22d with the same structure. The optical adapter system unit 45 has a common optical adapter system 32 on. The image pickup device unit 45 has built-in image pickup devices 33a and 33b with uniform characteristics.

16B corresponds to the side view of 16A , The objective optical system unit has a distal end portion of a light guide 18 and a lighting lens 20 on which are installed. The optical transmission system unit 43 has an intermediate portion of the built-in optical fiber 18 on. The optical adapter system unit 44 has a rear end side portion of the built-in optical fiber 18 on. An optical fiber opening 13 is planned.

In this embodiment, the transfer lens systems effect 22a . 22b . 22c and 22d in the optical transmission unit 43 for example (they are cut out in the longitudinal direction at the lower side, in the direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction in which the optical lens systems 21a and 21b are arranged, a space for receiving the light guide 18 ensure) that the insertion section is small in diameter. Also the optical adapter system 32 in the optical adapter system unit 44 is at the side of the light guide opening 13 cut out or has a section.

In this embodiment, the objective optical system unit is 42 with the distal end of the optical transmission system unit 43 connected, the distal end of the optical adapter system unit 44 is at the proximal end of the optical transmission system unit 43 in conjunction and the image pickup device unit 45 is at the proximal end of this optical adapter system unit 44 connected to a stereo endoscope 41 train.

Therefore, by combining the respective units which differ in the optical characteristics and the image pickup characteristics, stereo endoscopes having different characteristics can be easily realized. That's why stereo endoscopes can 41 be provided with different characteristics that can be selected by the user for their application objects.

In this embodiment, the connecting part of the proximal end of the optical transmission system unit correspond 43 and the distal end of the adapter optical system unit 44 the edge of the entrance section 25 or the output section 24 , in the 5 are shown.

By the way is in the 16A and 16B the part behind the optical adapter system unit 44 made with large diameter. However, as in 16C shown, the side of the proximal end of the optical transmission system unit 43 be provided with a large diameter at the proximal end side, wherein the part of the proximal end side of the light guide 18 can be installed near this proximal end and the light guide opening piece 13 can be provided there in the structure.

In this first modification, the light guide needs 18 not in the optical adapter unit 44 to be installed and therefore the structure is simple.

In this modification, the image pickup device unit 45 directly without using the optical adapter system unit 44 in construction on the optical transmission system unit 43 be used. In such a case, the structure of the second embodiment is provided. Further, in the case where a common image pickup device such as the image pickup device unit 45 is incorporated, the structure of the first embodiment is provided.

This first modification is larger than the ninth embodiment of the freedom of combination possibilities and can easily stereo endoscopes 41 realize with different characteristics. Also, as in 16D shown, in the event that an eyepiece adapter 45 ' with the proximal end of the optical transmission system unit 43 is coupled, a stereo endoscope are formed, in which a stereoscopic viewing can be performed with the naked eye.

The in 16D illustrated eyepiece adapter 45 ' has a structure in which the final images are transmitted through the optical transmission system unit 43 enlarged and accordingly via prisms and eyepiece lenses 45''a and 45''b which are inserted into an eyepiece window corresponding to the distance between both eyes of the operating physician so that the left and right images through the objective optical systems 21a and 21b correspondingly through the left and the right eyepiece lens 45''a respectively. 45''b can be viewed stereoscopically.

Incidentally, in this case, since the end images are reverse images, the eyepiece adapter 45 ' with lenses 45'a and 45'b for producing upright images in front of the eyepiece lenses 45''a and 45''b fitted. Instead of providing the lenses 45'a and 45'b For example, the two prisms for extending the distance between the optical axes may be manufactured as prisms for inverting such images as porro prisms.

The ocular adapter for naked-eye observation may be connectable to the optical transmission system unit 43 in the construction of 16A or connectable with the structure of the second to fourth modification of the ninth embodiment, as shown in FIGS 17A to 17C will be explained below.

At the second, in 17A shown modification of 16A are the optical adapter system 32 and the image capture devices 33a and 33b from an optical adapter system image pickup unit 46 formed as a unit.

At the third, in 17B shown modification of 16A are also the optical lens systems 21a and 21b and the optical transmission system 22 from a lens system optical transmission system unit 47 formed as a single unit. At the in 17C illustrated fourth modification of 16A are the optical transmission systems 22 and the optical adapter system 32 from an optical transmission system adapter system unit 48 formed as a single unit.

The 18A to 18E Figure 11 illustrates more concrete configurations of various units used in the ninth embodiment and its modifications.

18A represents an objective optical system unit 42 with a visual field angle of 700 dar. 18B represents an objective optical system unit 42 with a visual field angle of 400. When exchanged and with an optical transmission system unit 43 Any desired field of view angle can be obtained.

An external screw thread is at the proximal end of the jacket tube of the objective optical system unit 42 is formed and can be detachably connected by screwing it into a female thread at the distal end of the jacket tube of the optical transmission system unit. A projection is at the proximal end of the jacket tube of the objective optical system unit 43 is provided and can be brought into contact with a height difference surface, which by cutting the inner peripheral surface on the distal end side of the jacket tube of the optical transmission system unit 43 be prepared to determine the position in the longitudinal direction. Incidentally, both jacket tubes have the same outer diameter, so that in the case that they are connected to each other, there is no height difference at the insertion section.

Also, a positioning mark and a screw hole as a circumferential positioner are near the proximal end of the cladding tube of the objective optical system unit 42 intended. When the jacket tubes are oriented so that this marker has a positioning mark on the distal end of the jacket tube of the optical transmission system unit 43 meets, then both screw holes are in a suitable position for a connection and can be connected and secured by means of a screw, not shown.

The same connection means or connection mechanisms as at the proximal end side of the jacket tube of the objective optical system unit 42 are at the proximal end side of the jacket tube of the optical transmission system unit 43 provided and can with the distal end of the jacket tube of the optical adapter system unit 44 get connected.

18C represents an objective optical system unit 42 with a field of view of 45 °. In 18C can by replacing or replacing the reflection prism 40 in the objective optical system unit 42 a perspective can be formed with any visual field direction. 18D represents the device of 18C seen from the back end side with a pair of optical lens systems 39a and 39b which are arranged on the left and the right side.

18E represents an optical objective system 42 where the parallax is reduced and the optical axes of two optical objective systems 21a and 21b are close to each other and the distance d 'between the optical axes d'<d. In this construction, the function of obtaining However, since the optical objective systems are arranged on the center axis side, a space for inserting them through other internal organs or the like is ensured, for example, the cross sectional area of the optical fiber can be made large, thereby increasing the amount of illumination light and a bright Image can be obtained.

If the image pickup unit or the adapter optical system unit is exchanged, if necessary, due to the requirements of the optical axis distance and the visual field angle of the objective optical systems 21a and 21b is desired, an optimal stereo endoscope can be provided.

19A Fig. 10 illustrates a structure of an optical transmission system unit 43 dar. The proximal end of this optical transmission system 43 can with the distal end of the optical adapter system unit 44 be detachably connected. The proximal end of this optical adapter system unit 44 can with the image capture unit 45 be detachably connected.

How this z. In 19B is shown, the optical transmission system unit, the optical transmission system unit 43 where the number of transfers is doubled. Further, an extension type optical transmission system unit in which the number of transmissions differs depending on the insertion length with which the insertion section is inserted into the body cavity or the like may also be used.

19C Fig. 10 illustrates a structure of a lens system optical transmission system unit 47 which integrally accommodates an objective optical system and an optical transmission system. 19D is a modification of 19C and represents a unit in which the number of transmissions of the optical transmission system is doubled. A different number of transmissions by the optical transmission system can be prepared. A different length of the insertion section can be selected as desired.

in the Following are the tenth to 18th embodiments of embodiments according to the beginning explained Structure (b) dar. Images with a parallax with each other in several optical front group systems of the optical objective systems taken in the distal end portion of the endoscope are and many images are in an optical return group or back Group system formed at substantially coincident locations. These are essentially superimposed Pictures are taken using a common optical back Group system and a common image transmission system, whose optical axis coincides with that of the rear optical group system.

20 Fig. 10 illustrates an image pickup optical system in the tenth embodiment.

It is in an optical lens system 51 the object-side opening part separated into two parts, wherein transmission lens systems 52a . 52b and 52c , an optical adapter system 50 and image capture devices 53a and 53b are arranged from the object side in the order listed. The optical lens system 51 is from optical front group systems (which are merely abbreviated as front groups) 54a and 54b formed with the same structure, which are arranged in parallel while being separated from each other by the distance d (= 4 mm) between the optical axes, and an optical backgroup system (abbreviated merely as a rear group). 55 is arranged so that it has the same optical axis. Two pictures 56a and 56b with a parallax are formed in spatially substantially coincident positions.

The pictures 56a and 56b Form an optical transmission system and be gleichmultiple or with the same factor by (eg., Three) transmission lens systems 52a . 52b and 52c transmitted with the same structure, which are arranged one behind the other so that they have a common, same optical axis with each other.

That means the pictures 56a and 56b through the transmission lens system 52a images 57a respectively. 57b with the same sizes at substantially the same locations on the back of this relay lens system 52a produce. Through the transmission lens system 52b generate these pictures 57a and 57b images 58a respectively. 58b with the same sizes at substantially the same locations in the rear area of this transmission lens system 52b , Through the transmission lens system 52c generate these pictures 58a and 58b images 59a respectively. 59b with equal sizes at substantially the same locations in the rear area of this Relay lens system 52c ,

The back group 55 of the optical objective system 51 and the optical axis of the relay lens systems 52a . 52b and 52c lie on the same axis. This optical axis and the optical axes of the front groups 54a and 54b are accordingly eccentric on the left and the right side.

The eccentricity can be selected in accordance with a desired size, ie, the size for a stereo impression, and is d / 2 (= 2 mm) in this embodiment, respectively. An afocal beam may not be between the front groups 54a and 54b and the return group 55 available. However, to be made small, this part can provide an afocal beam. An image produced by the objective optical system would be substantially better superimposed.

For the angle of view of the ordinary transmission system, the angle required by the endoscope is large. From the condition that, as described above, the front groups 54a and 54b should be almost almost afocal, and from the condition that non-common parts should be kept small in number, it follows that the front groups 54a and 54b should be formed of two groups, from the front of a concave group and a convex group.

When the plural images having parallax and transmitted by the optical transmission system are substantially superimposed, the smaller diameter optical transmission system can be manufactured. Therefore, the projecting pupil of the objective optical system can 51 be provided or manufactured as essentially infinite. Therefore, the front focal point of the rear group lies 55 of the optical objective system 51 at the pupil site. So that the beam originating from the object, which is in the front groups 54a and 54b enters, to the back group 55 it is preferable that they interfere with the projecting pupil of the anterior group 54a and 54b coincides. More specifically, it is preferable that the end faces of the front groups 54a and 54b rather on the image side than at the front-side focus point of the backgroup 55 to be ordered.

at this embodiment is the number of transfers three, but can be selected and be set at a multiple, depending on such technical Values like the length and the diameter of the insertion section of the endoscope and the brightness and the like of the optical system usually the easy to be set to ten and more times.

The size of the parallax, ie the center distance between the right and left incidence pupil, is determined by the optical center distance d between the front groups 54a and 54b of the optical objective system 51 determines and is independent of the brightness of the optical system.

According to this embodiment, the same as in the first embodiment, the two images 56a and 56b with parallax transmitted through an axisymmetric optical transmission system, and therefore an error in the two transmitted images will be small, which will be generated in terms of quality features (magnification, contrast transfer function, image location, chromatic aberration, coloration, and the like).

There are fewer non-common parts on the right and left sides of the objective optical system 51 as in the first embodiment. Therefore, the labor required to adjust the lenses can be largely eliminated, and an excellent stereoscopic viewable image is obtained.

Because spatially superimposed images are transmitted through the optical transmission system when each of the front groups 54a and 54b is formed of an elliptical lens system in which z. Further, in this embodiment, the objective optical system and the optical transmission system can be made small in diameter without having a Deterioration of parallax, brightness and the like occurs. In this case, an insertion portion can be made small in diameter from the distal end to the proximal end side, and the application range in which the endoscope can be used can be expanded. Since the hole through which the insertion section is inserted into the abdominal part can be made small, the pain inflicted on the patient can be reduced. Incidentally, in the other embodiments as well, the objective optical system may be formed of an elliptic lens system.

In this embodiment, the final images take 59a and 59b of the transmission lens system 52c therefore, they must be separated from each other by any means which is a pupil separating image forming device.

This requires means for forming an image of a pupil transmitted through the optical transmission system and means for forming an image of a sub-beam of that pupil and forming an image by spatially separating a plurality of images with a parallax. More specifically, this is achieved by an optical adapter system 50 performed from a pupil imaging lens system 61 , Mirror parts 62a and 62b and imaging lens systems 63a and 63b is formed on the same optical axis as that of the transmission lens system 52c are arranged.

The pupil imaging lens system 61 forms at spatially separated locations images of two pupils of the optical objective system 51 out through the transfer lens systems 52a . 52b and 52c be transmitted. In the mirror parts 62a and 62b the rays of the two pupils are directed parallel outwards (in this example the displacement is 6 mm) and the imaging lens systems 63a and 63b cause the creation of images 64a respectively. 64b in the image recording devices 53a respectively. 53b ,

The optical axes of the imaging lens systems 63a and 63b are about d / 2 (= 2 mm) from the optical axis of the relay lens system 52c except through the mirror parts 62a and 62b parallel part eccentric. Incidentally, the mirror parts 62a and 62b and the imaging lens systems 63a and 63b accordingly clarified on only one page.

The right and left pupils should eventually be superimposed, a brightness screen 79 at the pupil surface (in this embodiment, on the projecting pupil surface of the pupil image - forming lens) at any one of the pupil sites and / or. their associated or conjugate point for limiting the beam to be arranged.

If the parallel route in the mirror parts 62a and 62b and the magnification of the optical adapter system 50 are properly set in this embodiment, pictures 64a and 64b optimal for the image recording devices 53a respectively. 53b of any size.

As in 20 can be the parallel direction of the mirror parts 62a and 62b be any direction in the paper surface or perpendicular to it. When the focal lengths of the imaging lens systems 63a and 63b can be changed, the magnification can also be changed.

In order to obtain a stereo impression optimally according to the wishes of the operator or a system, the optical center distances between each other of the two front groups can 54a and 54b be made variable, so that the size of the parallax can be made variable. To make the distal end section narrow, in this case, the two front groups 54a and 54b in the directions reverse to each other, are made perpendicular to the optical axis of the optical transmission system movable.

Since the projecting pupil of the objective optical system by the movement of the front groups 54a and 54b In this case, however, it becomes necessary to make the effective diameter of each lens just so large that the beam can not be cut by the optical systems constituting the relay lens systems 52a . 52b and 52c consequences.

The other components have the same functions and effects like that of the first embodiment on. The lens data of this embodiment are listed in Table 6.

The eleventh to seventeenth embodiments, which will be explained below, are constituted by modifying the tenth embodiment. The images with a parallax between each other are generated at spatially, substantially superimposed points. All these optical lens systems 51 can be made interchangeable with the objective lenses of the prior art pupil dividing type stereoscopic endoscope.

21 Fig. 10 illustrates an image pickup optical system in the eleventh embodiment. Images 64a and 64b be through a further transmission of the final images 59a respectively. 59b the transmission lens system with the optical adapter system 50 generated and with the help of the image recording devices 53a respectively. 53b up accepted.

The optical adapter system 50 is from a pupil imaging lens system 61 trained and imaging lens systems 63a and 63b are arranged to have the same optical axis as that of the relay lens system 52c exhibit. The optical axes of the imaging lens systems 63a and 63b are around 1.25d (= 5mm) to the optical axis of the relay lens system 22c arranged eccentrically.

Incidentally, the image-forming lens system is only illustrated on one side. This embodiment is simpler by the part which, unlike the tenth embodiment, is not a mirror part in the optical adapter system 50 having. If the magnification of the optical adapter system 50 is set free, the pictures can 64a and 64b same as in the tenth embodiment, optimally obtained for any image pickup device. The distance between the two pupils through the pupil imaging lens system 61 can be divided by adjusting the focal length of this pupil imaging lens system 61 be varied. The other components have the same functions and effects as those in the tenth embodiment.

The Lens data of this embodiment are listed in Table 7.

22 Fig. 10 illustrates an image pickup optical system in the twelfth embodiment. The front groups 54a and 54b of the optical objective system 51 are from meniscus lenses 65a respectively. 65b formed with a concave surface on the object side. Since the non-common part of the right and left light paths is still smaller in this embodiment than in the eleventh embodiment, the error between the qualities of the two images will be even smaller.

The Lens data of this embodiment are listed in Table 8.

If the meniscus lenses 65a and 65b as an integrally molded lens 65 be made as in the 23A to 23B is shown, the error on the right and left sides of the objective optical system 51 to the pupil image-generating lens system 61 can be reduced to a size where the error is not a practical problem and the labor of adjusting the lenses can be almost eliminated. The other components have the same functions and effects as those of the eleventh embodiment.

Of the 23A to 23D is 23A Incidentally, a sectional plan view, 23B a side view of 23A as seen in the lateral direction, and the 23C and 23D are front and rear views, respectively, as seen from the front and the back, respectively.

24 Fig. 10 illustrates an image pickup optical system in the 13th embodiment. The final images 59a and 59b of the transmission lens system are once again using the optical adapter system 50 transfer. Because the optical adapter system has the same optical axis as the relay lens system 52c , the transmitted images become 64a respectively. 64b generated in substantially the same places and are passed through a common image pickup device 53 added.

A shutter or a shutter 66 is between the pupil imaging lens system 61 and an imaging lens system 63 arranged and interrupts alternately a beam, so that on the image pickup device 53 no two images can be generated at the same time.

This embodiment has an advantage in that a single image pickup device 53 sufficient. The other components have the same effects and functions as those of the twelfth embodiment. The lens data of this embodiment is included in Table 9.

25 FIG. 12 illustrates a main part of an image pickup optical system in the 14th embodiment. As the optical adapter system 50 the same optical axis as the relay lens system 52c , the transmitted images become 64a and 64b the same as in the 13th embodiment is generated at substantially the same locations and by an image pickup device 53 added.

A shoulder glass or lenticular glass 67 is just in front of the light receiving surface of this image pickup device 53 arranged to be used together. When the right and left images at intervals from a row or a line through the image pickup device 53 be generated, the two images can be recorded as separate. This embodiment also has an advantage in that a single image pickup device 53 sufficient. The other components have the same functions and effects as those of the 13th embodiment. The lens data of this embodiment are the same as those of the 13th embodiment.

The 26A and 26B illustrate an optical objective system in the 15th embodiment. In this embodiment, the visual field direction is 30 ° to the longitudinal direction of the endoscope (the optical axis direction of the relay lens). The reflection prisms 68a . 68b and 69a . 69b that the front groups 54a and 54b can accordingly have two separate bodies or body or a one-piece body.

24 Fig. 12 illustrates an optical objective system in a modification of the 15th embodiment. As in the 15th embodiment, it becomes a perspective objective optical system 70 educated. In this modification, the visual field direction is 70 ° to the longitudinal direction of the endoscope (the optical axis direction of the relay lens). The reflection prisms 68a . 68b and 69a . 69b may accordingly have two separate bodies or a one-piece body.

In the 15th embodiment and its modification, the visual field direction can be changed by changing the angles of the reflection prisms 68a . 68b and 69a . 69b be varied. Therefore, when the front group part is exchangeable, different visual field directions or visual field angles can be obtained by exchanging only these front groups. The same functions or effects are obtained even if the entire objective optical system is made interchangeable. The other components have the same effects and functions as in the tenth embodiment.

28 Fig. 10 illustrates an optical image pickup system in the 16th embodiment. As in the 15th embodiment, in this embodiment, the perspective optical lens system is used 70 used. In this embodiment, the visual field direction is 450 to the longitudinal direction of the endoscope (the optical axis direction of the relay lens). The reflection prism 71 is integrally formed on the right and left sides.

That is, in the illustrated tenth to 15th embodiments, the optical system is applied to two parts of the front groups 54a and 54b shared. In this embodiment, however, a reflection prism 71 used as a common optical device to a front group 54 form the same as the two separate front groups 54a and 54b works or works.

Diverging or negative lens systems 72a and 72b as negative refractive power elements and positive or collective lens systems 73a and 73b as positive power elements, which are a pair of the front group 54 Forming on the left and right sides, as illustrated, are eccentrically arranged and rotatable respectively on the left and right sides. Therefore, the arrangement direction of the two incident pupils of the objective optical system, that is, the direction of parallax (the direction of d in FIG 28 ) and it is very effective in stereoscopically viewing an object in many directions.

In this embodiment, the incident pupil of the pupil image-forming lens system rotates 61 also with the rotation of the negative lens system 72a and 72b and the positive lens system 73a and 73b , At the in 28 illustrated embodiment provides the optical adapter system 50 an example in the case that the same structure as that of the eleventh embodiment is applied. The imaging lens systems 63a and 63b and the image pickup device 53a and 53b are rotated so as to be synchronized to prevent the beam from being cut off.

In this embodiment, even if the angle of the reflection prism 71 is changed, the visual field direction are changed when the combination of the focal lengths of the negative lens and the positive lens is changed, the visual field angle is changed and, when the optical center distance between the negative lens and the positive lens on the left and the right side is changed, the Strength of the parallax is changed.

This embodiment can be applied to another optical adapter system. However, as mentioned above, upon rotation of the negative lens system 72a and 72b and the positive lens system 73a and 73b the projected pupil of the pupil imaging lens system 61 also ge rotates. Therefore, it is necessary to have such parts with separate optical, left and right axes, such. B. the mirror parts 62a and 62b , the imaging lens systems 63a and 63b , the image capture devices 53a and 53b and the like, as in the tenth embodiment in 20 to turn synchronously.

The other components have the same functions and effects as that of the tenth embodiment on.

29 represents the 17th embodiment, wherein the front group 54 that the negative lens systems 72a and 72b as well as the positive lens systems 73a and 73b on the object side of the reflection prism 71 is arranged.

Because the rotatable parts in the front group 54 at one point (in this case on the object side of the reflection prism 71 ) can be contracted or summarized compared to the 16th embodiment, the structure is simple. Also poses 29 an example in which an optical adapter system 50 is used with the same structure as in the 13th embodiment. The opening part of the panel or the closure 66 rotates synchronously so that the beam can not be cut off. At this time, such other parts as the image-forming lens may be 63 and the image pickup device 53 also together with the closure 66 to be turned around.

30 FIG. 12 illustrates package structures of the 18th embodiment. In FIG 30A The unit assembly has the front group unit 81 with the built-in front groups 54a and 54b , a retransmission relay lens system pupil image forming lens system unit 82 with the return group 55 , the transmission lens systems 52a . 52b and 52c and the pupil imaging lens system 61 incorporated, an image forming lens system unit 83 with the built-in imaging lens systems 63a and 63b and an image pickup device 84 with the built-in image pickup devices 53a and 53b on. Incidentally, the connection part of the backgroup transmission lens system pupil image generating system unit correspond 82 and the imaging lens system assembly 83 the edge of the entrance section 25 or the output section 24 , in the 5 are shown.

30B Fig. 12 illustrates a structure of the image-forming lens system image pickup device 85 where the in 30A illustrated imaging lens systems 63a and 63b as well as the image capture devices 53a and 53b are provided as a structural unit.

30C represents a construction of the 30A the objective optical system assembly 86 representing the front groups 54a and 54b in the front group unit 81 and the return group 55 in the retransmission relay lens system pupil image forming lens system assembly 82 wherein the transmission lens system pupil image-forming lens system assembly 87 the built-in transmission lens systems 52a . 52b and 52c as well as the pupil imaging lens system 61 having. The imaging lens system image pickup assembly 85 is the same as in 30B ,

In 30D are the optical lens system (ie the front groups 54a and 54b and the return group 55 ), the transmission lens systems 52a . 52b and 52c as well as the pupil imaging lens system 61 from the objective system optical transmission lens system pupil image forming system package 88 and the imaging lens system image pickup assembly 85 is each provided as a unit.

In 30E are the optical objective system and the transfer lens systems 52a . 52b and 52c from the objective optical system transmission lens system package 89 formed, which represents a structural unit or is manufactured as a structural unit. The pupil imaging lens system 61 , the imaging lens systems 63a and 63b and the image capture devices 53a and 53b are formed from a pupil image forming lens system image forming lens system image taking device package 90 formed, which is produced in each case as a structural unit.

In 30F becomes a front group building unit 81 , one the backgroup 55 and transfer lens systems 52a . 52b and 52c forming backgroup relay lens system assembly 91 and a pupil image forming lens system image forming lens system image pickup device 90 each manufactured or provided as a unit.

In 30G become one of the transfer lens systems 52a . 52b and 52c forming transmission lens system assembly 92 , an optical lens system assembly 86 and a pupil picture Lens System Imaging Lens System Imaging Device Assembly 90 each provided as a unit. In the 30B to 30G the lens systems are shown within each unit without the reference numerals.

Both 30A to 30G can also be the eyepiece adapter 45 ' who in 16D is shown, be provided connectable.

In 31 is the front group building unit 81 explained in more concrete terms. 31A represents a front group building unit 81 using a common front group 54 In the case that it is used, a pupil-dividing stereo endoscope according to the prior art may be formed.

31B represents the front group building unit 81 for a field angle of 70 °. 31C represents the front group building unit 81 for a visual field angle of 40 °. When they are exchanged, any desired field of view angle can be obtained.

The 31D and 31E make a front group perspective assembly 81 with a field of view of 70 °. 31E is a view as seen from the back of the 31D you can see. If the reflection prism 71 can be exchanged, the front group perspective assembly 81 be formed with any visual field direction.

31F represents the front group building unit 81 in which the parallax is reduced and the optical axes of the front groups 54a and 54b be approximated to make the distance d 'smaller than the other optical axis distances d. In the 31A to 31F can, if the rays from the front groups 54a and 54b as substantially afocal rays can be provided when the package is displaced, a focus error and an image defect are suppressed.

32 FIG. 12 illustrates a structure of the objective optical system package. FIG.

32A represents an optical lens system assembly 86 represents the front group 54 and the return group 55 has, which are arranged on the same optical axis. When used, the pupil-divider type stereo endoscope of the prior art can be formed. 32B represents an optical lens system assembly 86 representing the front groups 54a and 54b having a field angle of 70 °. 32C sees an optical lens system assembly 86 in front of the front groups 54a and 54b having a field angle of 40 °. When these are exchanged, any desired field of view angle can be obtained.

32D is an optical perspective lens system assembly 86 with a field of view of 70 °. 32E is a front view of the 32D , If the reflection prism 71 is exchanged, a perspective optical lens system assembly having any visual field direction can be formed. By the way, is in 32E the light guide has been omitted.

32F is an optical lens system assembly in which the parallax has been reduced and the optical axes of the two front groups 54a and 54b were approximated, so that the optical center distance d 'is smaller than d in z. B. 32E and others.

33 represents a construction of a structural unit representing the rear group 55 , the transmission lens systems 52a and 52b and a pupil imaging lens system 61 includes.

33A is from the backgroup relay lens system pupil image forming lens system assembly 82 that the backgroup 55 , the transmission lens systems 52a and 52b as well as the pupil imaging lens system 61 includes. 33B shows the relay lens system pupil image forming lens system assembly 87 that the transmission lens systems 52a and 52b as well as the pupil imaging lens system 61 includes. 33C provides the backgroup relay lens system assembly 91 representing the rear group 55 and transfer lens systems 52a and 52b includes. 33D originates from the transfer lens system assembly 92 that the transmission lens systems 52a and 52b having.

any Number of transfers through the transmission lens system can be used. If desired, can the introduction section with a different length chosen become.

The corresponding units in this 18th embodiment can by applying egg Part of the optical system of the tenth to 17th Embodiment are formed.

Corresponding this 18th embodiment can the stereo endoscope from the structure that for the use or adapted to the object to be considered, selected and be used. The other components have the same functions and effects such as the tenth to 17th embodiments.

The 19th and 20th embodiment, the following are embodiments of the invention, in which Forms of construction (a) with regard to the means and the functions for solving the above mentioned Problems are used. If several pictures by an optical Objective system detected and have a parallax between them, with the help of a transmitted to a common optical image transmission system and recorded by a display device and optionally can be displayed the stereo images for the viewer are delivered optimally.

34A shows a construction of a stereo endoscope apparatus 101 , who makes use of the 19th embodiment according to the invention, and an operation using a stereo endoscope 102 is carried out. 34B illustrates an arrangement of an optical objective system 121 as it is from the distal end face of the stereo endoscope 102 you can see.

This stereo endoscope device 101 has the stereo endoscope 102 comprising an image pickup device for taking a plurality of images with a designated parallax, a CCU 103 , which processes signals for the imaging device, a distributor 104 who with this CCU 103 connected and distributes video signals, a color monitor 105 as a multiple display device, passing through this distributor 104 displaying distributed video signals, and head mounted display devices (abbreviated as HMDs) 106 and 107 includes.

In 34A is a rigid introductory section 111 of the stereo endoscope 102 from a hole 113 in a belly part 112 a patient out to a diseased part 114 introduced. Two operating doctors 115 and 116 who have placed HMDs on their heads consider the diseased part 114 stereoscopically and treat the diseased part 114 using treatment tools 117 and 118 , The treatment instruments 117 and 118 can pass through other holes or through channels in the stereo endoscope 102 be introduced.

Another observer 119 (an assistant, nurse, or observer) stereoscopically views the same diseased part by looking at the color monitor 105 with an attached closure glasses 120 ,

The stereo endoscope 102 has an optical objective system 121 , an optical transmission system 122 , an optical adapter system 123 and an image pickup device 124 from the object side in the above-mentioned order.

At least three images that have a parallax with each other and with the help of the optical lens system 122 are generated by one (or more) optical transmission system 122 transmitted and spatially (or temporally) separated and generated by means of corresponding image recording devices that the image pickup means 124 form. The electrical signals of the corresponding images, using the image pickup means 124 be photoelectrically converted, using the CCU 103 converted to video signals by the distributor 104 further to signals of any, split two images and through the color monitor 105 and the HMD's 106 and 107 , which are display means, are displayed.

If the various optical systems so far combined with the optical objective system 121 and the optical adapter system 123 In this embodiment, an optimal stereo image for the respective operating physicians and observers can be provided very effectively.

When multiple images are transmitted through an optical transmission system that is in a tubular insertion section 111 is installed, a hole is enough 113 in the belly part 112 and the burden on the patient can be reduced.

How this z. In 34B is the objective optical system 121 from six objective lens systems 121 to 121f formed, which are arranged at locations which are at a fixed distance from the Center axis at an angle of 60 ° from the center axis of the insertion from fixed or fixed. The six pictures of these objective lens systems 121 to 121f be through the common optical transmission system 122 and the optical adapter system 123 that z. B. formed from three adapter lens systems, received by six image pickup devices that the image pickup means 124 form.

According to this structure, by selecting the image, e.g. B. by the objective lens systems 121 and 121d , a stereo image with a large parallax can be obtained and by selecting the image through the objective lens systems 121b and 121e a stereoscopic view is possible with a large parallax in the direction that differs by 60 °. Further, by selecting the image through the objective lens systems 121c and 121f a stereoscopic view with large parallax in the 120 ° offset direction possible.

Further, by the combination in the above-mentioned case, the parallax becomes small. However, by selecting the image, e.g. B. by the objective lens systems 121 and 121c or the objective lens systems 121 and 121e a picture with a stereo effect in different directions can be obtained.

Incidentally, via a remote indicator selection device by the operating physician 115 who uses the display device, the two images are selected remotely through the distributor 104 to the display device side of the HMD 105 or the like. For this, a wireless remote control device using infrared rays or ultrasonic waves may be used.

An observation direction display device may be provided, whereby, in the case where the image is captured by the objective lens systems (e.g. 121b and 121e ) is selected in the parallax direction, which differs from the parallax direction of a set of objective lens systems ( 121 and 121d ) as a reference system, the parallax direction change angle (60 ° in this case) is displayed in the display device so that the direction in which the operating physician 115 or the like, can be easily determined.

In this embodiment, n (at least 3 or more) (in 34 n = 6) lens images through an optical transmission system 122 but may alternatively be transmitted by n-i optical transmission systems (here i = 1 to n-1).

35 shows the structure of a stereo endoscope 131 the 20th embodiment of the invention. 35A represents a general construction of the stereo endoscope 131 represents. 35B shows an elevational view as from the distal end surface in 35A you can see. 35C shows an arrangement of image pickup devices, as seen from the front in 35A you can see. In this embodiment, also several sets of stereo images can be obtained.

Several front groups 133 ( 133a to 133f ), which is an optical lens system 132 forming at the distal end side of the rigid insertion section 111 is arranged, take pictures with a parallax on each other and a picture 135 at substantially superimposed points through a common regression 134 is transmitted several times through a shared optical transmission system and as an end image 137 displayed.

This final picture 137 consists of several superimposed images. These images become their pupils with the aid of a pupil image-generating lens system 138 spatially separated and continue to be appropriate images 141 ( 141 to 141f ) on CCDs 140 ( 140a to 140f ) through imaging lenses 139 generated.

at this embodiment can Six images with a parallax between each other are obtained. If two of these are selected and can be displayed the images with different stereo effects and parallax stereoscopic to be viewed as. Also can several persons a stereoscopic view in separate directions carry out.

The 36A to 36F represent configurations of the distal end side of the stereo endoscope of the 21st embodiment. 36B is an outline of 36A , 36C represents an optical system as seen from the side of the 36A you can see. 36D is an outline of 36C , 36E provides 36C with a curved end portion. 36F is an outline of 36E ,

In this embodiment, the insertion section 152 be bent at its distal end side.

An optical front group system 153 , a return group 154a , which is an optical transmission system 154 forms, and a transmission lens system 154b are in the insertion section from the distal end side 152 arranged. The distal end section 155 of the insertion section containing the objective optical system 143 coated, is formed of a tubular socket with a bendable or bendable hose assembly. The proximal side of the optical transmission system 154 is formed of a rigid, tubular socket.

mirror 158 and 159 are between concave lenses 156a and 156b a front group and convex lenses 157a and 157b that the optical lens system 153 train, arranged and are corresponding to axes 161 respectively. 162 rotatable or four-swivel.

When the mirrors 158 and 159 simultaneously with the bend out of the in 36C to be rectilinearly seen, becomes the distal end portion 155 bent to, as in the 36E and 36F shown to be bent. According to this embodiment, observation can be performed with the bent distal end portion. The other components have the same functions and effects as those of the first embodiment and the other.

37 Fig. 13 illustrates a construction at the distal end side of the stereo endoscope of the 22nd embodiment. This embodiment is a combination of the 20th embodiment in which plural sets of stereo images can be obtained and the 21st embodiment having a bendable structure.

Usually, in an endoscope operation, the endoscope is not pierced directly into the abdominal part but through a tragacanth 171 introduced. The thinner this tragacanth 171 The lower the burden on the patient. On the other hand, in the case where several doctors operate together, it is common that the consideration can be made accordingly in the separate directions.

however is there a limit to enlarging the Parallax and the parallax can not be greater than the outer diameter of the distal end portion. This embodiment can with such circumstances get ready and make it possible to observe in separate directions.

In this embodiment, two bendable distal end portions 155 and 155 ' in front of the optical transmission system 154 and the optical objective systems 153 and 153 ' of the same construction as in the 20th embodiment in FIG 36 provided and in the distal end portions 155 and 155 ' contain. The same elements as in 36 in the distal end section 155 should bear the same reference numbers, the same elements as in 36 in the other distal end section 155 ' should bear the same reference numerals with an attached 'and their explanation should be omitted.

According to this embodiment, the distal end portion when in the tragant 171 is set to be straight, just as he is in 36C is shown. When the distal end portion of the Tragant 171 he will come out, as in 37A shown, bent and multiple viewers can use a thin optical transmission system 154 Perform observations in separate directions.

Incidentally, z. For example, in the first embodiment, each of the objective optical systems 21a and 21b can be made of an optical anamorphic system, wherein the image-forming magnification in the horizontal direction can be made smaller than the image-forming magnification in the vertical direction (which intersects this horizontal direction at right angles).

In the case of this structure, especially in the case where a common image pickup device 23 is used, the two, the right and left images, can be prevented from being superimposed, and the right and left image pickup areas in the image pickup device 23 be significantly increased.

Because in the function of transmitting images through the optical transmission system 22 Using an anamorphic optical system, the right and left images are cropped less (as in the case of the non-anamorphic optical system), thus, the objective optical systems 21a and 21b further apart (with the larger optical axis distance d) and a Picture image with a larger stereo effect can be obtained.

In this case, in the CCU 4 the signal for enlarging the image image in the horizontal direction or compressing the image image in the vertical direction are processed.

The optical transmission lens system 22 can also be formed from an anamorphic optical system. Even in the other embodiments, the objective optical system, the relay transmission optical system and the adapter optical system can be formed of anamorphic optical systems.

at The lens data of the respective embodiments will be described in US Pat Case, that same Lenses in the optical lens system, in the optical adapter system and belong together, only the lens data of one of the associated shown. Both corresponding embodiments is the optical transmission lens system from a homogeneous rod-shaped Lens shown formed. However, even in the case that a lens of the refractive index distribution type of such a non-homogeneous one Rod is designed as a Schelphock (trade name) and for the optical transmission system (optical image transmission system) is used, the invention can be carried out effectively.

by the way were the embodiment, in which several images with a parallax in spatially separated locations with Help the optical lens system are generated, and the embodiment, in which a plurality of images with a parallax of substantially spatially coincident Spaces are generated explained. However, belong the case of intervening functions, i. H. the case that several Pictures with a parallax to spatially at least partially superimposed Jobs are generated, and the case that multiple pictures with one Parallax to spatially at least partially separate points are generated, including the Invention. Also heard the case of forming an image by an objective optical system and the case that that Image through the optical lens system by such an optical Image Transfer System how to transmit the optical transmission system becomes, to the invention.

There the stereo endoscope in the first to the 22nd embodiment with an optical lens system, which has multiple incident pupils which are generated at different locations, and a plurality Images created with a parallax between these, through these several incident pupil have run, and a common optical Image transmission system, which transmits multiple images with a parallax, can the parallax, as explained above, by the optical system made big A sufficient stereo effect will be obtained, the parts of the light path, which transmits multiple images, by providing a common optical image transmission system be made together or provided, the number of parts can be reduced and the scattering of multiple images due to manufacturing defects can to a great extent be prevented.

If a stereo endoscope by providing multiple optical lens systems, which are arranged in parallel, separating several pictures with one Parallax and the formation of images, and a common optical Image Transfer System to transfer the plurality of images is formed, the parallax by the optical system made big A sufficient stereo effect is obtained, the parts of the light path, which transmits multiple images, by the manufacturing or Providing a common optical image transmission system in common can be made, the number of parts can be reduced and the scattering of multiple images due to manufacturing defects can occur in high degree be prevented. Because the images transmitted through the optical image transmission system be, spatially are separated, can also be a stereoscopic viewing through the image pickup device and the optical eyepiece without the Using a picture separator can be enabled.

If a stereo endoscope by providing a plurality of optical front group systems, common optical return systems, form the optical lens systems, the multiple images with a Parallax to essentially spatial generate coincident locations, and a common optical image transmission system is formed, which transmits the multiple images, the parallax can through made the optical system big A sufficient stereo effect is obtained, the parts of the light path, which transmits multiple images, can by providing a common optical image transmission system provided or produced together or as a common entity can be, the number of parts can be reduced and the scatter multiple images due to manufacturing defects can be greatly prevented become. If a common optical return system in the optical Lens system part is used, many parts can be common be provided and multiple images are caused by manufacturing defects less affected and with a high quality receive.

Further, there is an endoscope for stereoscopic viewing according to US 5191203 A , this in 38A is shown, wherein an optical objective system 500 from a collimation lens 501 and a pair of left and right image-forming lenses 502a and 502b is formed, which are arranged from the object side in the order named.

• (1) Falls der Bildwinkel groß zu machen ist, kann der nach innen liegende Winkel bzw. Innenwinkel nicht groß gemacht werden und der Stereoeffekt wird verringert.

In the optical objective system of the stereo endoscope of this prior art, there are the following three problems:

• (1) If the image angle is to be made large, the inside angle or inside angle can not be made large, and the stereo effect is reduced.

• (2) Ein relativer Fehler zwischen dem linken und dem rechten Bild kann leicht auftreten.

If the image angle is big, as in 38B is shown, it will be necessary that the structure of the Kollimationslinsen 501 is negative and positive in terms of refractive power from the object side. When the refractive power of the negative lens 503 is made large on the object side, the image angle can be made large. However, in this case, the focal length fc of the collimating lenses becomes 501 becomes larger than the distance s to the object and the inward angle α becomes according to the following formula α = 2 · arctane (d / 2fc) small, where d is an optical center distance between the two imaging lenses 502a and 502b represents.

• (2) A relative error between the left and right images can easily occur.

• (3) Es ist schwierig, die Exzentrizitätsfehler des linken und des rechten Bildes einzustellen.

The relative error between the right and left images is mostly generated in the parts of the left and right separate bodies by a surface shape error, a surface pitch error, an eccentricity error or the like between the right and left independent lens systems. In the previous example, the parts of the left and right separated bodies (the parts having a separate left and right optical axis) correspond to the image-forming lenses 502a and 502b that are so numerous that an error is likely to occur. If a relative deviation (focusing, eccentricity or the like) is generated between the left and right images, the left and right images will be difficult to resolve and fatigue is caused.

• (3) It is difficult to adjust the eccentricity errors of the left and right images.

To adjust the eccentricity error of the left and right images, the lens or the CCD of the left and right separate body parts are adjusted. However, in the prior art prior art example, each is at a location that is on the other side of another part from the distal end portion of the endoscope (in this case, the collimating lens 501 ), and it is difficult to make the adjustments.

With the 23rd to 25th embodiments should a stereo endoscope to release These three problems are provided, the angle of view and the stereo impression (inward angle) optimally adjusted can be the error between the left and right images is kept small can be and is easy to turn off and the fatigue is low becomes.

at the stereo endoscopes of these embodiments there is an elongated one insertion, an optical objective system located in the distal end of the insertion section is arranged, and an image pickup device, in the insertion section is arranged and takes object images, which by the optical Lens system are generated, wherein the optical lens system formed of two negative lenses and a coaxial positive lens is parallel from the item side in the listed order are arranged to each other, the inwardly directed angle through the optical center distance between the two negative lenses is determined whereby the stereo endoscope with the elongated insertion section the angle of view and the stereo impression (inward angle) can be optimally adjusted, the error between the left and the right image is low and easily eliminable and the feeling of fatigue can be reduced.

At the 23rd embodiment the optical objective system finds a so-called electronic endoscope Application in which a CCD in the distal end portion of the insertion section the endoscope is provided.

Like this in 39 has a stereo endoscope device 201 a stereo endoscope 202 of the 23rd embodiment with a built-in optical image pickup system for stereo viewing, a light source device 203 which supplies an illumination light to an illumination light transmission means which transmits the illumination light and those in this stereo endoscope 202 is provided, a camera control unit (hereinafter abbreviated as CCU) for processing signals for an image pickup device, in this stereo endoscope 202 is built, a scan converter 205 that's out of this CCD 204 output signal into a video signal, a color monitor 206 that's from this scan converter 205 output video signal and aperture goggles 207 which has a shutter function for stereoscopically viewing the picture image displayed on this color monitor 206 is reproduced.

The stereo endoscope 202 has an elongated insertion section 208 to be inserted into a body cavity or the like, and a grip portion 209 which is to be grasped by the operating doctor and which is formed at the proximal end of this large diameter insertion section. This introductory section 208 is formed of a cylindrical, metallic tube with a high flexibility and a soft sheath tube, the z. B. made of a metal mesh and synthetic resin or the like. The distal end section 216 of the introductory section 208 is formed of a cylindrical, rigid sheath tube made of such a metal as stainless steel. An optical objective system 218 and two image capture devices 220a and 220b (eg, CCDs) are in the distal end portion 216 locked in. Incidentally, the entire insertion portion may be formed of a rigid sheath tube the same as in the distal end portion.

This stereo endoscope has a light guide 215 as an illumination light transmitting means for transmitting the illumination light received from the light source means 203 and an illumination optical system (not shown) which radiates the transmitted illumination light through an illumination window the same as in the ordinary endoscope, and this stereoscopic one produces two images with a parallax so that the object illuminated by this illumination optical system can be stereoscopically viewed, and has an optical observation system with the optical system 218 and two image capture devices 220a and 220b on.

Incidentally, this embodiment explains an example in which two images are parallaxed by the image pickup devices 220a and 220b which provide a photoelectric conversion function as an observation optical system, and therefore are also referred to as an image pickup optical system.

The grip section 209 is with a light guide mouthpiece or a light guide opening 210 equipped with a fiber optic cable 211 is releasably connected with one end. A fiber optic connector 212 at the other end of the fiber optic cable 212 is detachable with the light source device 203 coupled.

A lamp 213 which produces a white illumination light, and a lens 214 that collects this white light are in the light source device 203 arranged. That through this lens 214 collected illumination light is applied to the end face of the optical fiber connector 212 blasted through the light guide in the fiber optic cable 211 transmitted, from the light guide opening 210 to the side of a light guide 215 in the stereo endoscope 202 transferred and managed.

The light guide 215 is as an illumination light transmitting device in the grip portion 209 bent and in the introductory section 208 introduced and passed through this. This light guide 215 transmits the supplied illumination light and radiates the illumination light forward from the distal end surface, which at the distal end portion 216 of the introductory section 216 is attached.

A thing 217 (which by the arrow in 29 displayed) illuminated by this illuminating light generates optical images (FIG. 219a and 219b in 39 with a parallax between them, at image forming sites through the objective optical system 218 which is inserted into an observation window which is disposed adjacent to the illumination window in the distal end portion. These pictures 219a and 219b are on the photoelectric conversion surfaces (image pickup surfaces) of the image pickup devices 220a and 220b generated, which are arranged the same in the distal end of the insertion section.

Like this in 40 is the objective optical system 218 from separate, a left and a right negative lens 221a and 221b and an axisymmetric, positive lens group 222 formed, which are arranged from the object side in the order mentioned in parallel are. The light coming from the object through an aperture 223b has run, generates an image on the image pickup device 220a and the light passing through an aperture 223a has run, generates an image on the image pickup device 220b , A cover glass made from plane-parallel plates 240 is on the object side of the negative lenses 221a and 221b arranged.

The lens data of the optical objective system 218 This embodiment is shown in Table 10 here.

In 39 have the image capture devices 220a and 220b z. B. square image pickup surfaces on. The vertical or horizontal direction of this image pick-up surface coincides with the horizontal direction in which the two apertures 223a and 223b spaced and arranged.

The image capture devices 220a and 220b are enlarged and become with the CCU 204 through a signal cable 224 connected. The image pickup signal generated by the image capture devices 220a and 220b photoelectrically converted is in the CCU 204 processed. That in this CCU 204 processed image signal is further into a scan converter 205 is input and converted into a video signal. The video signal becomes a color monitor 206 in which the image images having a parallax between them and separated by the two apertures 223a and 223b are displayed alternately, and the doctor can observe and stereoscopically view the image images with the shutter glasses.

41 represents an arrangement with respect to the refractive power of the objective optical system 218 in this embodiment. The inwardly directed angle α, which determines the intensity of the stereo impression, is, as follows, from the optical center distance d between the two negative lenses 221a and 221b and the subject distance s: tan (α / 2) = d / (2s).

• (1) Da der nach innen gerichtete Winkel durch den optischen Achsabstand zwischen den beiden Negativlinsen bestimmt ist und der nach innen gerichtete Winkel und der Bildwinkel unabhängig eingestellt werden können, kann der Bildwinkel groß gemacht werden, während der nach innen gerichtete Winkel groß belassen wird.
• (2) Da die Hauptursache des relativen Fehlers zwischen dem linken und dem rechten Bild nur die Negativlinse ist, wird der relative Fehler zwischen dem linken und dem rechten Bild gering.
• (3) Da die linken und rechten separaten Teile zum Abstellen des Fehlers zwischen dem linken und dem rechten Bild an der distalen Endseite des Endoskops liegen, sind sie einfach einzustellen.

The inward angle of the objective optical system in this embodiment is as in FIG 41 is determined by the optical center distance d between the two negative lenses and does not depend on the angle of view. Because the left and right separate parts only use the negative lenses 221a respectively. 221b Furthermore, it is unlikely that a relative error will be generated. Therefore, the following effects can be obtained:

• (1) Since the inward angle is determined by the optical center distance between the two negative lenses, and the inward angle and the angle of view can be set independently, the angle of view can be made large while leaving the inward angle large.
• (2) Since the main cause of the relative error between the left and right images is only the negative lens, the relative error between the left and right images becomes small.
• (3) Since the left and right separate parts for correcting the error are located between the left and right images on the distal end side of the endoscope, they are easy to adjust.

42 provides a frame construction of the distal end portion 216 of the stereo endoscope 202 in this embodiment. The frame structure has an inner tube 225 , which holds lenses and a CCD element, and an outer tube 226 on, this is the inner tube 225 a channel for illumination light guides and pliers or tweezers is not illustrated.

In the objective optical system of the prior art example in FIG 38A Since the separate, left and right bodies for adjusting the eccentricity of the left and right images are located at the locations from the distal end behind the collimating lens in the inner tube, if they are to be adjusted, Einstellnuten or Einstellrillen, screws and Adjustment clearances are prepared in the inner tube, and the inner tube can not as an inner tube 25 with such a simple construction as in 42 be manufactured and has a large outer diameter.

Because the two negative lenses 221a and 221b On the other hand, in this embodiment, they form outside of the distal end of the inner tube, forming the left and right separate parts to be adjusted 225 can find the positions or locations of the negative lenses 221a and 221b be easily adjusted without the inner tube 225 requires a special structure. The negative lenses 221a and 221b are adjusted in the positions and then bonded or glued and fastened and the inner tube 225 gets into the outer tube 226 used to complete the stereo endoscope.

The 24th embodiment will be described below with reference to 43 be explained. Since the 24.

embodiment essentially the same as the 23rd embodiment is intended only the different types of construction will be explained.

In the 24th embodiment, the optical objective system of the stereoscopic endoscope is applied to a so-called rigid endoscope, and an image is transmitted through an objective optical system 228 and an optical transmission system 227 , which are arranged in an insertion section, which consists of a cylindrical rigid jacket tube, transmitted to the proximal side and received.

Like this in 43 Pictured is pictures 219a and 219b passing through the optical lens system 218 be generated by transfer lenses 227a . 227b and 227c transmit, which is an optical transmission system 227 train, and then on CCDs 229a and 229b through an image-taking lens 228 generated. All the other lenses than the negative lenses 221a and 221b at the distal end are coaxial. The pictures, ie the pupils of the apertures 223a and 223b will be set accordingly 250 . 251 . 252 and 253 transfer. The other configurations, functions and effects are the same as in the 23rd embodiment.

The lens data of the optical objective system 218 and the optical transmission system 227 in this embodiment are shown in Table 11 here.

The picture-taking lens 228 in this embodiment, a coaxial lens system, but the two pupils are in place 253 separated. Therefore, as the image-forming lens of the image-receiving lens shown below, image-forming lenses behind the pupil 253 are used, which are arranged parallel to each other to produce images.

The 25th embodiment will be described below with reference to the 44 and 45 be explained. Since this embodiment is substantially the same as the 24th embodiment, only the different structure will be explained.

The 25th embodiment represents an embodiment as is the case with a rigid endoscope such as that of the 24th embodiment is applied.

In this embodiment, as in FIG 44 shown, the basic structure of the optical objective system 218 the same as in the 24th embodiment. However, the picture overlap 219a , which depends on the light coming from the object through the aperture 223 has run, is generated, and the picture r that from the through the aperture 223a Partial light is generated.

The pictures 219a and 219b passing through the optical lens system 218 are generated by the relay lenses 227a respectively. 227b transferred as in 45 are then represented by the pupil image-forming lens 230 generated at infinity and correspondingly on the CCD elements 229a respectively. 229b using a pair of left and right imaging lenses 231 respectively. 231b generated. The pictures (pupils) of the apertures 223a and 223b be according to the places 254 . 255 and 256 transfer. Because the two pupils in the place 256 are separated, the two partially overlaid images 233a and 233b passing through the transfer lenses 227a respectively. 227b transmitted through the imaging lenses 231 respectively. 231b generated at a distance. The other structures, functions and effects are the same as in the 24th embodiment.

The lens data of the optical objective system 218 and the optical transmission system 227 This embodiment is shown in Table 12.

In the 25th embodiment, the left and right separate parts are not only in the distal end portion (the negative lenses 221a and 221b ) but also in the image-forming lens 232 (in imaging lenses 231 and 231b ) in front. Therefore, if the negative lenses are not adjusted but the image-forming lenses are adjusted, the eccentricity error between the left and right images may be eliminated.

In the event that the stereo endoscope 202 between the input section (to the optical transmission system 227 or to the pupil image-forming lens) and the output portion (behind the pupil image-forming lens 230 or behind the imaging lenses 231 and 231b ) is made detachable, however, it is necessary that the input section and the output section are set independently. Therefore, even with such an adjustment of the input section, the objective optical system is very effective.

One Endoscope of the type with multiple visual field directions is to be described below as the 26th embodiment explained become.

In the 46 illustrated endoscope device 310 has an insertion section 302 , an endoscope 311 in which the visual field direction in the 26th embodiment is changeable, a camera 304 , a monitor 305 and a light source device 307 on.

An optical objective system having multiple visual field directions and a light guide illuminating the respective visual field directions are in the distal end portion 301 of the introductory section 302 of the endoscope 311 locked in. The introductory section 302 is equipped with a relay lens system which is an optical image and pupil transmission system following the objective optical system. An ocular optical system is in the proximal section 303 of the endoscope 311 arranged. The camera 304 can be attached to the back of the optical eyepiece system. The proximal section 303 of the endoscope 311 and the camera 304 are formed in one piece or removable. The object from which the picture with the help of the camera 304 is recorded to be finally displayed on the monitor by the viewer as an endoscopic image 305 to be observable.

The illumination light from the light source device 307 runs through a fiber optic cable 306 and illuminates the corresponding visual field directions through the proximal portion 303 , the introductory section 302 and the distal end portion 301 ,

The details of the optical objective system of the endoscope 311 will be explained below:
In the optical objective systems of the endoscope of the 26th embodiment, pupil division is provided in the objective optical system, and an ocular optical system is formed.

The The pupil division system is essentially an optical system formed with an optical axis, but it becomes a type to create with multiple visual field directions, one lens group, the multiple visual field directions corresponds, before the optical System arranged. The optical system of the type with multiple visual field directions, which uses this pupil division system is that of the Item page listed Order from a front lens group, which is the same formed in several visual field directions and in the corresponding Face field directions is arranged, a prima for generating of images in the multiple visual field directions in the back the front lens group corresponding to the plurality of visual field directions, a brightness aperture with multiple openings close to the pupils are arranged to produce a plurality of pupils, and a backside Lens group superimposed on an image Rays generated in the multiple visual field directions.

The one inherent ray of the optical system becomes near the pupil of the brightness stop 321 divided, which has two openings and in 47B is shown. The through an opening of the brightness aperture 321 running beam is seen in a straight line, and by the other opening of the brightness aperture 321 running beam is seen in perspective by the prism in the visual field direction. The two images are superimposed on the image area in the field of view.

The structure of the optical system related to this embodiment should be explained with reference to FIG 47A be explained in more concrete terms. This in 47A shown optical system has an optical objective system 322 , a set of a relay lens system 323 as an optical transmission system and an ocular optical system 324 on.

The optical lens system 322 has a front lens group 329a with two objective lenses 326 and 325 , which are arranged on the object nearest locations and aligned in the direction seen by the observer in a straight line and the laterally viewed direction, a first prism 327 that the beam from the two objective lenses 325 and 326 to think of different surfaces, a second prism 328 that the beam from the first prism 327 to think of the same area, and a brightness screen 321 for dividing the pupil into a plurality of pupils corresponding to the facial field tion, and has a rear lens group 329b for converging the beam from the pupils and generating the subject image behind that front lens group 329a is arranged. In the drawing, the single-dotted chain lines represent the optical axes of the corresponding visual field directions.

The image in the rectilinear direction in this optical system is generated as follows. The rays passing through the rectilinear objective lens 326 have run, run through the surface 331 of the first prism 327 to the common area 332 , The common area 332 at the first prism side 327 is painted black so as to transmit no rays other than the rays which act to prevent harmful scattering light and harmful reflections, respectively, and is formed as a reflection aperture. Because the first and the second prism 327 respectively. 328 are made of the same glass material, their refractive indices are the same and the rays pass through the surface 332 without being broken. Then a picture I1 representing the lower side of the brightness screen 321 as a pupil surface and the optical axis of this backside lens group 329b as a center axis, through the rear lens group 329b educated.

On the other hand, the image is formed in the perspective direction as follows: the rays passing through the perspective objective lens 325 have passed through the surface 333 of the first prism 327 to the common area 332 , The rays that produce the image in the direction seen in perspective, run straight through the common area, without being refracted as in the rectilinear rays.

The common area 332 on the first prism side 327 is made as a reflective screen that does not transmit any rays other than the rays which act to prevent harmful stray light or harmful reflections. Since the optical axis in the rectilinear direction and the optical axis intersect with each other in the perspective direction on the common surface, the same reflection aperture becomes effective on the beams in both directions. The rectilinearly advancing rays in the perspective direction become through a mirrored surface 334 reflected to return to the area 332 on the side of the second prism 328 to run.

The area 332 at the side of the second prism 328 is mirrored in the area where the straight line rays and the perspective rays separated by the pupil pitch do not intersect and in the area covering the reflected perspective rays through the area 334 be reflected. Therefore, the rays in the perspective direction, passing through the surface 334 were reflected without being noticed, at the top of the brightness screen 321 passed and form the image I1 with the optical axis of the rear lens group 329b as a center axis through this rear lens group 329 same as the rectilinear rays seen and the image is generated.

The images I1 in the multiple visual field directions through the objective optical system 322 and the pupil P1 have been generated in the direction of the ocular optical system by the relay lens system 323 transfer. Multiple pupils P2 correspond to the multiple visual field directions transmitted through the relay lens. An image I2 is placed between the relay lens system 323 and an eyepiece optical system 324 educated. Several pupils P3 corresponding to the respective visual field directions are passed through the ocular optical system 324 receive.

If the observer the position of his pupil to the position of the pupil, transmitted in the visual field direction when he moves, he wants to observe the field of vision choose.

In this embodiment, the objective optical system is originally formed as an optical coaxial system but not as an eccentric optical system, and additionally has a prism for a pupil in a different visual field direction. The optical axis of the objective lens 326 is located on the extended line of the optical axis of the rear lens group 329b through the common area 332 and the optical axis of the objective lens 325 is located on the extended line of the optical axis of the rear lens group 329b at the common area 332 reflected and continue at the reflection surface 334 is reflected. Therefore, between the optical system having two negative lenses and a prism and the optical system in the rear portion thereof, even if the beam is not afocal, two images superimposed before the relay lens system can be formed.

Since the pupil division is used and an optical system is originally used, in this embodiment with a few-lens construction, a high-quality image is obtained if the means for determining a plurality of pupils is at a position that is the pupil location of the objective optical system what is the location of the pupil P2 of the transmission lens system 323 or any other part, and since the lens system and the relay optical lens system do not have the field of vision switching means, construction and mounting are easy.

An example of a structure of an actual objective optical system is shown in FIG 48 and its numerical data values are listed in Table 13. In 48 is the part that is in 47A as the back lens group 329d is shown from a lens 329 ' , which is connected to a prism and consists of three connected lenses formed.

at this embodiment Since only one image is formed, the following effects are obtained.

The optical objective system of the endoscope has several visual field directions, several pupils that correspond 1 to 1 to the visual field directions, and a single image, with the single image being an overlay represents images of multiple visual field directions, the optical Axes of multiple visual field directions with the optical axis of the transmission system in the same place as the picture and being on the transmission path in the optical transmission system After this picture a picture and several pupils are transferred without themselves to influence.

Therefore can in this embodiment after the optical transmission system the visual field direction selected and it is not a moving part in the objective optical system and the optical transmission system to choose the visual field direction required. Because the optical lens system and the like have no visual field direction switching means, be in this embodiment Furthermore, the construction and installation easy. Because no polarization is used, no deterioration of the image in the peripheral part caused by the rotation in the polarization direction.

These Effects are the same even if the pupil divider is in the optical transmission system or in the optical imaging system.

The 27th embodiment will be described below with reference to the 49 to 54 be explained.

at the endoscope of this embodiment becomes an eccentric optical system for the objective optical system used, an optical imaging system and a solid state image pickup device are used instead of the ocular optical system in the 26th embodiment and it is not an optical field of view selector intended.

49A FIG. 12 illustrates a structure of an optical system disposed in the endoscope of this embodiment.

The optical system of this embodiment includes an optical objective system in the order indicated by the distal end side 341 , a transmission lens system 342 , a pupil image-forming lens 343 , Reflection elements 344a and 344b , such as B. mirror, an optical pupil separating element 344c and two solid-state imaging devices 346a and 346b as image capture devices. Although only one relay lens system is shown, it is to be understood that multiple relay lens systems may be used if desired. The image-forming lenses 345a and 345b Form the optical imaging system.

In the optical objective system 341 is a front optical system 347 that are essentially afocal lens groups 347a and 347b , which are independent of each other and provide a rectilinear or perspective visual field direction, and pupils P11 belonging to these visual field directions, arranged in the front group and a back lens system 348 which has a size such that it can transmit the rays from the plurality of pupils P11 to the image without being affected and that produces a superimposed image of the rays in the plurality of visual field directions is arranged in the back group.

The relay lens system images the pupils P11 as pupils P12, generates the image I11 as a Image I12 and transfers it to the pupil image-forming lens 343 , The pupil imaging lens 343 transmits the pupils, that of the transmission lens system 342 transferred to the side of the optical pupil separation element 344c , This optical pupil separating element 344c receives a plurality of pupils P13 and separates them and delivers them in correspondingly different directions, ie to the reflection elements 344a respectively. 344b ,

The reflection elements 344a and 344b reflect the rays that have passed through the separate corresponding pupils, that is, in the figure, the two pupils corresponding to the optical system in the rectilinear direction and the optical system in the perspective direction, corresponding to the lens systems 345a respectively. 345b , The lens systems 345a and 345b generate images associated with the respective pupils in the solid state image pickup devices 346a respectively. 346b ,

In this construction, first, the rays in the respective visual field directions pass through two substantially afocal lens groups 347a and 347b that the optical front-end system 347 form, then the optical axes in the corresponding visual field directions through the back lens system 348 bent and the image I11 is on the optical axis of the back lens system 348 educated.

In this embodiment, substantially the same basic structure as in realizing the perspective view is used by the prisms 327 and 328 used in the 26th embodiment. Here, the perspective prism may be a 30 ° prism that is in JP 60-140313 A . JP 50-019333 A and JP 02-108013 A is shown, or a 70 ° or 110 ° prism, in the JP 59-87403 A are shown.

The optical lens system 341 can also be the optical front-end system 347c its the same prism as the prisms 327 and 328 the above-mentioned embodiment as in 50 ie, a rectilinear and a perspective looking optical system may be used in common. Or it can also be the optical lens system 341 with a perspective view by using a refraction with a wedge prism 349 be realized near the pupil P11 as in 51 is arranged. In this structure, the lens group used in the rectilinear direction and the perspective direction, respectively, may be substantially the same lens group differing in length only, with the perspective looking lens group inclined to the rectilinear lens group and the wedge prism 349 can be arranged on the back of this.

Or the optical lens system 341 can still be different, as in 54 have three or more visual field directions if they are in a range such that the image and the pupil are not affected by the relay lens system disposed at the rear. In the illustrated example, most are lenses 350 . 351 and 352 at the distal end side, forming respective lens groups, respectively represented at 0 degrees (straight), 30 degrees (in perspective), and 70 degrees (in perspective).

Like this in 49A is shown forms the beam from the optical objective system 341 an image I12 back to the transmission lens system as in the 26th embodiment by the transmission lens system 342 out. Of the rays in the corresponding visual field directions that produce the image I12 that in the back of the transmission lens system 342 is generated, the rays from the two pupils, which differ with respect to the visual field direction, corresponding to the optical pupil separation element 344 separated from the back of the pupil image forming lens 343 is arranged.

This optical pupil separating element 344 is z. A prism located near the pupil P13 passing through the relay lens system 342 and as an image through the pupil image-forming lens 343 is produced. The separated beams in the respective visual field directions are correspondingly reflected by the reflection elements 344a and 344b reflected and as images corresponding to the image pickup devices 346a and 346b through the lens systems 345a and 345b generated.

Through the pupil image-forming lens 343 , which forms images of pupils, the optical axis in this embodiment becomes substantially parallel to the optical axis of the relay lens system 342 and the object point is formed as an image at infinity. By the way, the picture can be formed so that it is not superimposed on the solid state image pickup device.

Corresponding this embodiment can Images that differ in the visual field direction, regardless of several solid-state imaging devices be recorded and the number of visual fields and the visual field direction can be easily selected using the objective optical system. Without an optical field of view switching device Images received and recorded in all visual field directions. As in the illustrated embodiment are used in the structure using multiple solid-state imaging devices, the exits the corresponding image pickup devices by switching the Switch selected and the respective signals processed accordingly and corresponding Pictures can are displayed.

at the structure of a solid state image pickup device used, can the corresponding pictures, which are in the visual field direction distinguish, be selected by a signal processing, which follows the last step. On a monitor can reproduced the picture image in only one visual field direction become.

at this embodiment can change the visual field direction without moving the optical system or without the visual field direction optically switch. Dependent Of the type of signal processing can also have multiple pictures in the visual field direction simultaneously on one or more monitors are displayed.

An example of a structure of an objective optical system is shown in FIG 52 shown. An example of a structure of an objective optical system and a relay lens system is as they are combined in FIG 53 shown. These are an optical objective system 354 and a relay lens system 355 listed. The lens data can be seen in Table 14.

Equal as in the 26th embodiment For example, the aperture that determines the pupil can be in the objective optical system can lie in the pupil position in the associated relay lens system or in the pupil position or at the pupil site near the lie optical pupil division element.

In 49B a modification of the 27th embodiment is shown. In this modification, a pupil image P13 is out through the pupil image-forming lens 356 replacing the pupil image-forming lens 343 is provided, scattered rays or converged rays generated, afocal rays are then transmitted through the lens 357 which makes the beams parallel, and the beams are passed through the imaging lenses 345a respectively. 345b as images generated and on the image capture devices 346a respectively. 346b displayed. In this modification, a reflection prism is not required as an optical pupil division element. The diaphragm may be disposed above the pupil location P13 in the drawing in the relay lens system or at the pupil location in the objective optical system. The other same components and functions as in the 27th embodiment bear the same reference numerals and will not be explained further here.

The 28th embodiment will be described below with reference to 55 to 58B be explained.

at the structure of the 28th embodiment are an optical imaging system and a solid-state imaging device same as in the 27th embodiment and further provided is an optical visual field direction switching means arranged.

The The objective optical system in this embodiment may be the pupil division system of the 26th embodiment or may be from the essentially afocal, multiple optical Systems and optical back Systems of the 27th embodiment be educated. This embodiment differs from the above-mentioned corresponding embodiments in terms of the structure of the optical system and the like, in the back Area arranged the transmission lens system are in the back Area of the optical objective system is arranged.

As in 55 As shown, the optical system in this embodiment comprises a lens system 361 to make the light formed once back of the unillustrated transmission system as an image and then scattered to rays in the respective visual field directions parallel to the optical axis of the relay lens, a pupil switch 362 as a selector which switches the beams in the respective visual field directions which, in response to the ent talking pupils were made in parallel, and which is located near the pupils, passing through the lens system 361 to be formed as images, and an image-forming lens system 363 taking pictures of the rays passing through the pupil switching device 362 on a solid-state image pickup device 364 maps.

The rays in the respective visual field directions which produce the image I21 generated at the back of the relay lens system are transmitted through the lens system 361 made parallel to the optical axis of the transmission lens system. Through the switching device 362 near the pupil site, the rays that cut through the images other than the field of view that the observer wants to observe are cut off. The cutter as a selecting means may be a mechanically moving shield plate or a liquid crystal shutter switch which is turned on / off.

The selector may be such an image reversal prism 365 like in the 56A and 56B which is to be moved to switch the visual field direction. An imaging lens system 366 produces an image from the rays passing through the image reversal prism 365 can be obtained on the solid state image pickup device. The 56A and 56B represent two switching states for the visual field direction, by moving the image reversal prism 365 are switchable.

Like this in 57 can also be the selection device, which is integral with the image-forming lens system 365 and the solid state image pickup device 364 is formed to be moved to the location of the visual field direction to be observed to switch the visual field direction. Only the image in the selected field of view direction is on the solid state image pickup device 364 generated.

The Effect of this embodiment lies in the fact that the Visual field direction can be changed in a small room.

In the event that the pupil and the image produced by the objective optical system are transmitted through the relay lens system and the pupil splitter disposed behind the relay lens system, the brightness diaphragm may be illuminated 321 be omitted.

The structure of the 27th and the construction of the 28th embodiment has an image pickup device and can be applied to an externally mounted camera, which is connectable to the optical eyepiece of the 26th embodiment. In this construction, the lens system 343 or 361 through the optical eyepiece system 324 replaced.

The optical system behind the optical transmission system, which is the Using the pupil pitch in the objective optical system and using the optical eccentric system combined can so selected be that it either the ocular optical system and the visual field direction switching device or neither.

The Endoscope with variable visual field direction can be realized in the case be that either the Pupil division in the optical objective system or the optical eccentric System is used if the facilities to interrupt the other rays than in the desired visual field direction provided near the pupils in the corresponding visual field directions Even if the optical transmission system by the Solid-state image pickup device or replacing or replacing an image guide.

At the in 58A The structure shown is a pupil switching device 368 provided near the pupil, in the light path of the optical objective system 370 is generated from the front lens group, which is the same as the front lens group 329a of the 26th embodiment, and the back lens system 348 and a solid state image pickup device 369 consists. The pupil switching device 368 may be a liquid crystal shutter or the like.

Also in the construction, in 58B is an eccentric optical system 371 used the same optical system as the front optical system 347c that covers in 50 is shown.

59A Fig. 15 shows a structure of an optical system in the multi-visual field direction type endoscope of the 29th embodiment. 59B shows a structure of an objective optical system, the partially manufactured and used together.

The optical lens system in the 29th embodiment is formed of a plurality of lens groups which are for respective fields of view instead of the objective optical system 322 be provided so that multiple images can be generated by these lens groups. The other components and functions that are the same as in the 26th embodiment bear the same reference numerals and will not be explained further here.

The optical lens system 373 , this in 59A is formed of a plurality of (two in the illustrated example) independent lens groups. The transmission lens system 323 and the optical eyepiece system 324 are back of the optical lens system 373 arranged. The transmission lens system 323 and the ocular optical system can be replaced by an image forming optical system and a solid state image pickup device.

The optical lens system 373 can be from an independent optical system like in 59A may be formed and may have a part, ie, the prism on the distal end side, as in the optical objective system 373 ' be made and provided together, as described in 59B is shown.

Multiple images I31 and I32 generated by the objective optical system are transmitted through the relay lens system 323 as an optical transmission system in a back direction. When assembling with the optical eyepiece system 324 like this in 59A is shown, the observer can simultaneously see the corresponding visual field directions with the eye, to a pupil point 374 is brought.

On the other hand, in the structure of the optical image-forming system and the solid-state image pickup device, the plural images at the back of the relay lens system become 323 generated by the image-forming lens on a solid-state image pickup device. The effect due to this structure can be technically realized comparatively easily by means of an optical system behind the objective optical system and the optical transmission system.

at this embodiment can Pictures by the way on several solid-state imaging devices wherein the image-forming magnification is made large and the solid state image pickup devices are made large be arranged at the locations corresponding to the multiple images.

The 30th embodiment will be described with reference to 60A explained. Like this in 60A In the optical system of this embodiment, an image is displayed on a solid-state image pickup device 370 over the lens system 343 behind the transmission lens system 342 is arranged and by the light passing through the transmission lens system 342 once generated as an image and then separated in the respective visual field directions, parallel to the optical axis of the relay lens system 342 is made and produced by optical systems along two optical axes back of this lens system 343 are arranged.

The same number of transmission systems are provided by lens systems 371 and 372 arranged along an optical axis of the two optical axes and an image is transmitted through the lens system 372 on the solid state image pickup device 370 generated.

Multiple transmission systems of the same size are also arranged on the other optical axis. A prism 373 for bending the optical axis is arranged near the pupil, through the lens system 343 is generated, and on the other side of this prism 373 are a lens system 374 , a prism 375 , a lens system 376 , a prism 377 , a lens system 378 and a mirror 379 arranged. The beam is through this mirror 379 reflected, which is arranged together at an intersection point P of this optical system with the other optical axis, and forms through the lens system 372 an image on the solid-state image pickup device 370 from.

This mirror 379 is rotatable as shown. The visual field direction can be selected by switching to either the state A indicated by the solid line or the state B indicated by the dotted line. The other types have the same components as they 49A are explained.

In the insertion section of the rigid endoscope to which this embodiment is applied, the distance between the two optical axes can not be made narrow enough to a few millimeters due to the restriction of the outer diameter. Because the picture is on the solid-state imaging device 370 behind the lens system 343 is generated in the case where an optical system becomes the same in the relay lens system 342 is used, the beam diagonally into the solid state image pickup device 370 projected and a color shading is generated. In order to prevent this phenomenon, in this embodiment, one of the two optical axes becomes through the prisms 373 . 375 and 377 on the back of the lens system 343 as in 60A bent so that rays which have passed through the two optical axes, respectively, vertically to the image pickup surface of the solid-state image pickup device 370 can be projected, and the generation of color shading can be prevented.

60B FIG. 12 illustrates a structure of a modification of the structure of FIG 60A dar. The optical system in 60A is as a magnification lens system 374 ' . 376 ' and 378 ' designed according to the lens system 374 . 376 and 378 so that the image can be viewed in a larger image area size with one of the optical systems having two visual field directions. If the structure in an insertion section 380 and a camera adapter section 381 is disconnected, which is rotatable at this insertion 380 is attached, and the camera adapter section 380 is designed to be rotatable, the image sizes in the corresponding visual field directions can be made large either.

61A illustrates the 31st embodiment. In this embodiment, objective optical systems 391 and 391 ' which form a pair on the respective optical axes spaced by a distance D at the distal end side of an insertion portion 390 provided and corresponding images are through the optical lens systems 391 and 391 ' correspondingly by optical transmission systems 392 respectively. 392 ' transferred in the back direction.

That through the optical transmission system 392 transmitted image is through an equal optical transmission system, the lens systems 371 and 372 same as in 60A on a solid state image pickup device 370 generated.

That through the optical transmission system 392 ' transmitted image is through the corresponding same transmission systems as in 60A ie the equal number of transmission systems through the prism 373 , the lens system 374 , the prism 375 , the lens system 376 , the prism 377 , the lens system 378 , the mirror 379 and the lens system 372 , on the solid state image pickup device 370 displayed.

Same as in the embodiment of 60A is a mirror as a means for switching the two optical systems 379 provided at a point P where the two optical axes intersect. The visual field direction can be through this mirror 379 to be selected.

At the in 61B shown modification, the lens systems 374 . 376 and 378 that the transmission systems in 61A form, according to the magnification lens systems 374 ' . 376 ' and 378 ' designed so that an optical system, ie the optical objective system 391 ' and the optical transmission system 392 ' of the two optical systems included in the insertion section 390 are arranged, made thinner, the outer diameter of the insertion made narrower and the usability can be improved.

If the structure in the insertion section 390 and the camera adapter section 393 is disconnected, which is rotatably attached to the rear end of this insertion section, and the camera adapter section 393 is rotatable, the image size can be optionally varied. Table 1: lens data of the first embodiment r1 = ∞ d1 = 0.400 n1 = 1.7682 ν1 = 71.8 r2 = ∞ d2 = 0.300 r3 = 2.4658 d3 = 0.563 n2 = 1,883 ν2 = 40.8 r4 = 0.7855 d4 = 0.453 r5 = ∞ d5 = 0.400 n3 = 1.8061 ν3 = 40.9 r6 = ∞ (pupil) d6 = 3,340 n4 = 1.8061 ν4 = 40.9 r7 = -2.7844 d7 = 0.300 r8 = -4.5712 d8 = 0.400 n5 = 1.62004 ν5 = 36.3 r9 = 13.1850 d9 = 0.730 n6 = 1.788 ν6 = 47.4 r10 = -3.7741 d10 = 0.300 r11 = 6.2003 d11 = 1.949 n7 = 1.60311 ν7 = 60.7 r12 = -1.6595 d12 = 0.409 n8 = 1.84666 ν8 = 23.8 r13 = -2.4812 d13 = 0.306 r14 = -2.3688 d14 = 0.400 n9 = 1.78472 ν9 = 25.7 r15 = -82.9824 d15 = 0.400 n10 = 1.6968 ν10 = 55.5 r16 = -7.6931 d16 = 7,500 r17 = 17.7721 d17 = 38,862 n11 = 1.51633 ν11 = 64.1 r18 = -8,3001 d18 = 6.881 n12 = 1.85026 ν12 = 32.3 r19 = -24.9616 d19 = 0.941 r20 = 36.2005 d20 = 1,000 n13 = 1.8061 ν13 = 40.9 r21 = ∞ d21 = 10,265 n14 = 1.51633 ν14 = 64.1 r22 = ∞ d22 = 1,000 n15 = 1.8061 ν15 = 40.9 r23 = -36.2005 d23 = 0.914 r24 = 24.9616 d24 = 6.881 n16 = 1.85026 ν16 = 32.3 r25 = 8,3001 d25 = 38,862 n17 = 1.51633 ν17 = 64.1 r26 = -17.7721 d26 = 10,000 r27 = 17.7721 d27 = 38,862 n18 = 1.51633 ν18 = 64.1 r28 = -8,3001 d28 = 6.881 n19 = 1.85026 ν19 = 32.3 r29 = -24.9616 d29 = 0.914 r30 = 36.2005 d30 = 1,000 n20 = 1.8061 ν20 = 40.9 r31 = ∞ d31 = 10,265 n21 = 1.51633 ν21 = 64.1 r32 = ∞ d32 = 1,000 n22 = 1.8061 ν22 = 40.9 r33 = -36.2005 d33 = 0.914 r34 = 24.9616 d34 = 6.881 n23 = 1.85026 ν23 = 32.3 r35 = 8,3001 d35 = 38,862 n24 = 1.51633 ν24 = 64.1 r36 = -17.7721 d36 = 10,000 r37 = 17.7721 d37 = 38,862 n25 = 1.51633 ν25 = 64.1 r38 = -8,3001 d38 = 6.881 n26 = 1.85026 ν26 = 32.3 r39 = -24.9616 d39 = 0.914 r40 = 36.2005 d40 = 1,000 n27 = 1.8061 ν27 = 40.9 r41 = ∞ d41 = 10,265 n28 = 1.51633 ν28 = 64.1 r42 = ∞ d42 = 1,000 n29 = 1.8061 ν29 = 40.9 r43 = -36.2005 d43 = 0.914 r44 = 24.9616 d44 = 6.881 n30 = 1.85026 ν30 = 32.3 r45 = 8,3001 d45 = 38,862 n31 = 1. 51633 ν31 = 64.1 r46 = -17.7721 d46 = 5,000 r47 = ∞ (image location) Table 2: Lens data of the third embodiment r1 = ∞ d1 = 0.400 n1 = 1.7682 ν1 = 71.8 r2 = ∞ d2 = 0.300 r3 = 3.8772 d3 = 1.527 n2 = 1,883 ν2 = 40.8 r4 = 0.7999 d4 = 0.449 r5 = ∞ d5 = 0.400 n3 = 1.8061 ν3 = 40.9 r6 = ∞ pupil d6 = 2.774 n4 = 1.8061 ν4 = 40.9 r7 = -2.6393 d7 = 0.300 r8 = -4.4440 d8 = 0.400 n5 = 1.62004 ν5 = 36.3 r9 = 13.0243 d9 = 0.643 n6 = 1.788 ν6 = 47.4 r10 = -3.4953 d10 = 0.300 r11 = 6.6459 d11 = 1.858 n7 = 1.60311 ν7 = 60.7 r12 = -1.6646 d12 = 0.416 n8 = 1.84666 ν8 = 23.8 r13 = -2.4857 d13 = 0.300 r14 = -2.4171 d14 = 0.400 n9 = 1.78472 ν9 = 25.7 r15 = -5.1842 d15 = 0.400 n10 = 1.6968 ν10 = 55.5 r16 = -5.8028 d16 = 7,500 r17 = 17.0269 d17 = 39,876 n11 = 1.51633 ν11 = 64.1 r18 = -9.1442 d18 = 6,480 n12 = 1.85026 ν12 = 32.3 r19 = 25.2664 d19 = 0.300 r20 = 38.6357 d20 = 1,000 n13 = 1.8061 ν13 = 40.9 r21 = ∞ d21 = 10,000 n14 = 1.51633 ν14 = 64.1 r22 = ∞ d22 = 1,000 n15 = 1.8061 ν15 = 40.9 r23 = -38.6357 d23 = 0.300 r24 = 25.2664 d24 = 6,480 n16 = 1.85026 ν16 = 32.3 r25 = 9.1442 d25 = 39,876 n17 = 1.51633 ν17 = 64.1 r26 = -17.0269 d26 = 10,000 r27 = 17.0269 d27 = 39,876 n18 = 1.51633 ν18 = 64.1 r28 = -9.1442 d28 = 6,480 n19 = 1.85026 ν19 = 32.3 r29 = -25.2664 d29 = 0.300 r30 = 38.6357 d30 = 1,000 n20 = 1.8061 ν20 = 40.9 r31 = ∞ d31 = 10,000 n21 = 1.51633 ν21 = 64.1 r32 = ∞ d32 = 1,000 n22 = 1.8061 ν22 = 40.9 r33 = -38.6357 d33 = 0.300 r34 = 25.2664 d34 = 6,480 n23 = 1.85026 ν23 = 32.3 r35 = 9.1442 d35 = 39,876 n24 = 1.51633 ν24 = 64.1 r36 = -17.0269 d36 = 10,000 r37 = 17.0269 d37 = 39,876 n25 = 1.51633 ν25 = 64.1 r38 = -9.1442 d38 = 6,480 n26 = 1.85026 ν26 = 32.3 r39 = -25.2664 d39 = 0.300 r40 = 38.6357 d40 = 1,000 n27 = 1.8061 ν27 = 40.9 r41 = ∞ d41 = 10,000 n28 = 1.51633 ν28 = 64.1 r42 = ∞ d42 = 1,000 n29 = 1.8061 ν29 = 40.9 r43 = -38.6357 d43 = 0.300 r44 = 25.2664 d44 = 6,480 n30 = 1.85026 ν30 = 32.3 r45 = 9.1442 d45 = 39,876 n31 = 1.51633 ν31 = 64.1 r46 = -17.0269 d46 = 5,001 r47 = ∞ (image location) Table 3: lens data of the fourth embodiment r1 = ∞ d1 = 0.400 n1 = 1.7682 ν1 = 71.8 r2 = ∞ d2 = 0.300 r3 = 2.6660 d3 = 1,000 n2 = 1,883 ν2 = 40.8 r4 = 0.6568 d4 = 0.465 r5 = ∞ d5 = 0.400 n3 = 1,883 ν3 = 40.8 r6 = ∞ (pupil) d6 = 2.938 n4 = 1,883 ν4 = 40.8 r7 = -2.9259 d7 = 0.300 r8 = 10.3818 d8 = 0.400 n5 = 1.62004 ν5 = 36.3 r9 = 15.1216 d9 = 0.562 n6 = 1.788 ν6 = 47.4 r10 = -4.9186 d10 = 0.300 r11 = 6.1372 d11 = 1.797 n7 = 1.618 ν7 = 63.4 r12 = -1.8144 d12 = 1.075 n8 = 1.84666 ν8 = 23.8 r13 = -2.6860 d13 = 0.300 r14 = -2.2723 d14 = 0.615 n9 = 1.78472 ν9 = 25.7 r15 = 14.0716 d15 = 0.437 n10 = 1.6968 ν10 = 55.5 r16 = -4.9749 d16 = 7,500 r17 = 18.4320 d17 = 37,230 n11 = 1.51633 ν11 = 64.1 r18 = -8.3411 d18 = 6,671 n12 = 1.85026 ν12 = 32.3 r19 = 24.0584 d19 = 0.300 r20 = 36.1875 d20 = 1,000 n13 = 1.8061 ν13 = 40.9 r21 = ∞ d21 = 10,000 n14 = 1.51633 ν14 = 64.1 r22 = ∞ d22 = 1,000 n15 = 1.8061 ν15 = 40.9 r23 = 36.1875 d23 = 0.300 r24 = 24.0584 d24 = 6,671 n16 = 1.85026 ν16 = 32.3 r25 = 8.3411 d25 = 37,230 n17 = 1.51633 ν17 = 64.1 r26 = 18.4320 d26 = 10,000 r27 = 18.4320 d27 = 37,230 n18 = 1.51633 ν18 = 64.1 r28 = -8.3411 d28 = 6,671 n19 = 1.85026 ν19 = 32.3 r29 = 24.0584 d29 = 0.300 r30 = 36.1875 d30 = 1,000 n20 = 1.8061 ν20 = 40.9 r31 = ∞ d31 = 10,000 n21 = 1.51633 ν21 = 64.1 r32 = ∞ d32 = 1,000 n22 = 1.8061 ν22 = 40.9 r33 = 36.1875 d33 = 0.300 r34 = 24.0584 d34 = 6,671 n23 = 1.85026 ν23 = 32.3 r35 = 8.3411 d35 = 37,230 n24 = 1.51633 ν24 = 64.1 r36 = 18.4320 d36 = 10,000 r37 = 18.4320 d37 = 37,230 n25 = 1.51633 ν25 64.1 r38 = -8.3411 d38 = 6,671 n26 = 1.85026 ν26 = 32.3 r39 = 24.0584 d39 = 0.300 r40 = 36.1875 d40 = 1,000 n27 = 1.8061 ν27 = 40.9 r41 = ∞ d41 = 10,000 n28 = 1.51633 ν28 = 64.1 r42 = ∞ d42 = 1,000 n29 = 1.8061 ν29 = 40.9 r43 = -36.1875 d43 = 0.300 r44 = 24.0584 d44 = 6,671 n30 = 1.85026 ν30 = 32.3 r45 = 8.3411 d45 = 37,230 n31 = 1.51633 ν31 = 64.1 r46 = -18.4320 d46 = 5,000 r47 = ∞ d47 = 6,000 (Reflection plane) r48 = ∞ d48 = 9,000 (Reflection plane) r49 = -15.7631 d49 = 4,949 n32 = 1.816 ν32 = 46.6 r50 = -8.9021 d50 = 2.525 r51 = 9.9691 d51 = 4.480 n33 = 1.72916 v33 = 54.7 r52 = -16.7003 d52 = 2.578 n34 = 1.7552 ν34 = 27.5 r53 = 4.2972 d53 = 3.722 r54 = 52.6411 d54 = 1,000 n35 = 1.5927 ν35 = 35.3 r55 = 117.6536 d55 = 7,067 n36 = 1.618 ν36 = 63.4 r56 = -77.9950 d56 = 1,037 r57 = 8.7799 d57 = 7,000 n37 = 1.72916 ν37 = 54.7 r58 = 13.9542 d58 = 49,995 r59 = ∞ (image location) Table 4: lens data of the fifth embodiment r1 = ∞ d1 = 0.400 n1 = 1.7682 ν1 = 71.8 r2 = ∞ d2 = 0.300 r3 = 2.8586 d3 = 1,000 n2 = 1,883 ν2 = 40.8 r4 = 0.7279 d4 = 0.466 r5 = ∞ d5 = 0.400 n3 = 1,883 ν3 = 40.8 r6 = ∞ (pupil) d6 = 2.216 n4 = 1,883 ν4 = 40.8 r7 = -2.9043 d7 = 0.300 r8 = -5.6042 d8 = 0.400 n5 = 1.62004 ν5 = 36.3 r9 = 5.6154 d9 = 0.888 n6 = 1.788 ν6 = 47.4 r10 = -3.6606 d10 = 0.300 r11 = 7.1344 d11 = 1.764 n7 = 1.618 ν7 = 63.4 r12 = -1.7751 d12 = 0.597 n8 = 1.84666 ν8 = 23.8 r13 = -2.5646 d13 = 0.302 r14 = -2.1629 d14 = 0.400 n9 = 1.78472 ν9 = 25.7 r15 = -4.7832 d15 = 0.400 n10 = 1.6968 ν10 = 55.5 r16 = -3.9862 d16 = 7,500 r17 = 18.1763 d17 = 37,730 n11 = 1.51633 ν11 = 64.1 r18 = -8.5520 d18 = 6,670 n12 = 1.85026 ν12 = 32.2 r19 = -23.4978 d19 = 0.300 r20 = 39.1240 d20 = 1,000 n13 = 1.8061 ν13 = 40.9 r21 = ∞ d21 = 10,000 n14 = 1.51633 ν14 = 64.1 r22 = ∞ d22 = 1,000 n15 = 1.8061 v15 = 40.9 r23 = -39.1240 d23 = 0.300 r24 = 23.4978 d24 = 6,670 n16 = 1.85026 ν16 = 32.2 r25 = 8.5520 d25 = 37,730 n17 = 1.51633 ν17 = 64.1 r26 = 18.1763 d26 = 10,000 r27 = 18.1763 d27 = 37,730 n18 = 1.51633 ν18 = 64.1 r28 = -8.5520 d28 = 6,670 n19 = 1.85026 ν19 = 32.2 r29 = 23.4978 d29 = 0.300 r30 = 39.1240 d30 = 1,000 n20 = 1.8061 ν20 = 40.9 r31 = ∞ d31 = 10,000 n21 = 1.51633 ν21 = 64.1 r32 = ∞ d32 = 1,000 n22 = 1.8061 ν22 = 40.9 r33 = -39.1240 d33 = 0.300 r34 = 23.4978 d34 = 6,670 n23 = 1.85026 ν23 = 32.2 r35 = 8.5520 d35 = 37,730 n24 = 1.51633 ν24 = 64.1 r36 = -18.1763 d36 = 10,000 r37 = 18.1763 d37 = 37,730 n25 = 1.51633 ν25 = 64.1 r38 = -8.5520 d38 = 6,670 n26 = 1.85026 ν26 = 32.2 r39 = -23.4978 d39 = 0.300 r40 = 39.1240 d40 = 1,000 n27 = 1.8061 ν27 = 40.9 r41 = ∞ d41 = 10,000 n28 = 1.51633 ν28 = 64.1 r42 = ∞ d42 = 1,000 n29 = 1.8061 ν29 = 40.9 r43 = -39.1240 d43 = 0.300 r44 = 23.4978 d44 = 6,670 n30 = 1.85026 ν30 = 32.2 r45 = 8.5520 d45 = 37,730 n31 = 1.51633 ν31 = 64.1 r46 = -18.1763 d46 = 15,000 r47 = -15.9408 d47 = 7,000 n32 = 1.816 ν32 = 46.6 r48 = -10.5614 d48 = 1.898 r49 = 20.0434 d49 = 1,000 n33 = 1.72916 ν33 = 54.7 r50 = 11.2226 d50 = 1,852 n34 = 1.7552 ν34 = 27.5 r51 = 8.3607 d51 = 6.099 r52 = -24.1926 d52 = 3.535 n35 = 1.5927 ν35 = 35.3 r53 = 9.6335 d53 = 9,958 n36 = 1.618 ν36 = 63.4 r54 = -27.0337 d54 = 0.300 r55 = 22.5105 d55 = 7,000 n37 = 1.72916 ν37 = 54.7 r56 = 317.0029 d56 = 102,172 r57 = ∞ (image location) Table 5: Lens data of the sixth embodiment r1 = ∞ d1 = 0.400 n1 = 1.7682 ν1 = 71.8 r2 = ∞ d2 = 0.300 r3 = 2.5311 d3 = 1,000 n2 = 1,883 ν2 = 40.8 r4 = 0.6002 d4 = 0.483 r5 = ∞ d5 = 0.492 n3 = 1,883 ν3 = 40.8 r6 = ∞ (pupil) d6 = 2.925 n4 = 1,883 ν4 = 40.8 r7 = -2.9244 d7 = 0.300 r8 = -20.1110 d8 = 0.500 n5 = 1.62004 ν5 = 36.3 r9 = 10.9637 d9 = 0.607 n6 = 1.788 ν6 = 47.4 r10 = -6.2777 d10 = 0.300 r11 = 6.1192 d11 = 1.860 n7 = 1.618 ν7 = 63.4 r12 = -1.8981 d12 = 0.810 n8 = 1.84666 ν8 = 23.8 r13 = -2.7109 d13 = 0.302 r14 = -2.2811 d14 = 0.400 n9 = 1.78472 ν9 = 25.7 r15 = -13.8892 d15 = 1.289 n10 = 1.6968 ν10 = 55.5 r16 = -5.4300 d16 = 7,500 r17 = 18.4228 d17 = 37,662 n11 = 1.51633 ν11 = 64.1 r18 = -8,3677 d18 = 6.665 n12 = 1.85026 ν12 = 32.3 r19 = -24.4094 d19 = 0.300 r20 = 35.7941 d20 = 1,000 n13 = 1.8061 ν13 = 40.9 r21 = ∞ d21 = 10,000 n14 = 1.51633 ν14 = 64.1 r22 = ∞ d22 = 1,000 n15 = 1.8061 ν15 = 40.9 r23 = -35.7941 d23 = 0.300 r24 = 24.4094 d24 = 6.665 n16 = 1.85026 ν16 = 32.3 r25 = 8.3677 d25 = 37,662 n17 = 1.51633 ν17 = 64.1 r26 = -18.4228 d26 = 10,000 r27 = 18.4228 d27 = 37,662 n18 = 1.51633 ν18 = 64.1 r28 = -8.3677 d28 = 6.665 n19 = 1.85026 ν19 = 32.3 r29 = -24.4094 d29 = 0.300 r30 = 35.7941 d30 = 1,000 n20 = 1.8061 ν20 = 40.9 r31 = ∞ d31 = 10,000 n21 = 1.51633 ν21 = 64.1 r32 = ∞ d32 = 1,000 n22 = 1.8061 ν22 = 40.9 r33 = -35.7941 d33 = 0.300 r34 = 24.4094 d34 = 6.665 n23 = 1.85026 ν23 = 32.3 r35 = 8.3677 d35 = 37,662 n24 = 1.51633 ν24 = 64.1 r36 = -18.4228 d36 = 10,000 r37 = 18.4228 d37 = 37,662 n25 = 1.51633 ν25 = 64.1 r38 = -8.3677 d38 = 6.665 n26 = 1.85026 ν26 = 32.3 r39 = -24.4094 d39 = 0.300 r40 = 35.7941 d40 = 1,000 n27 = 1.8061 ν27 = 40.9 r41 = ∞ d41 = 10,000 n28 = 1.51633 ν28 = 64.1 r42 = ∞ d42 = 1,000 n29 = 1.8061 ν29 = 40.9 r43 = -35.7941 d43 = 0.300 r44 = 24.4094 d44 = 6.665 n30 = 1.85026 ν30 = 32.3 r45 = 8.3677 d45 = 37,662 n31 = 1.51633 ν31 = 64.1 r46 = -18.4228 d46 = 5,000 r47 = ∞ d47 = 11,000 r48 = -10.3813 d48 = 5,655 n32 = 1.816 ν32 = 46.6 r49 = -8.8890 d49 = 0.483 r50 = 7.4696 d50 = 3.769 n33 = 1.72916 ν33 = 54.7 r51 = 181.6429 d51 = 2.093 n34 = 1.7552 ν34 = 27.5 r52 = 4.4460 d52 = 3.047 r53 = -30.7603 d53 = 1,001 n35 = 1.5927 ν35 = 35.3 r54 = 41.5845 d54 = 1,706 n36 = 1.618 ν36 = 63.4 r55 = -17.8259 d55 = 0.342 r56 = 7.9775 d56 = 5,749 n37 = 1.72916 ν37 = 54.7 r57 = 12.6259 d57 = 39,986 r58 = ∞ (image location) Table 6: Lens data of the tenth embodiment r1 = ∞ d1 = 0.400 n1 = 1.7682 ν1 = 71.8 r2 = ∞ d2 = 0.500 r3 = -15.1509 d3 = 0.500 n2 = 1,883 ν2 = 40.8 r4 = 1.8541 d4 = 0.400 r5 = ∞ d5 = 1.471 n3 = 1.8061 ν3 = 40.9 r6 = ∞ (pupil) d6 = 8,000 n4 = 1.8061 ν4 = 40.9 r7 = -6,3400 d7 = 0.300 r8 = 29.8778 d8 = 6,980 n5 = 1.60311 ν5 = 60.7 r9 = -76.5455 d9 = 2,000 r10 = 11.8863 d10 = 12,000 n6 = 1.60311 ν6 = 60.7 r11 = -14.2286 d11 = 1,000 n7 = 1.84666 ν7 = 23.8 r12 = 6.6719 d12 = 1.327 r13 = 16.2399 d13 = 1,000 n8 = 1.84666 ν8 = 23.8 r14 = 6.8781 d14 = 2.641 n9 = 1.60311 ν9 = 60.7 r15 = -16.3999 d15 = 0.300 r16 = 9.6243 d16 = 2.045 n10 = 1.72916 ν10 = 54.7 r17 = 42.1473 d17 = 12,000 r18 = 20.3224 d18 = 28.648 n11 = 1.51633 ν11 = 64.1 r19 = -9.1270 d19 = 1,000 n12 = 1.85026 ν12 = 32.3 r20 = -17.5105 d20 = 0.300 r21 = 37.3211 d21 = 2.038 n13 = 1.8061 ν13 = 40.9 r22 = ∞ d22 = 25,393 n14 = 1.51633 ν14 = 64.1 r23 = ∞ d23 = 2.038 n15 = 1.8061 ν15 = 40.9 r24 = -37.3211 d24 = 0.300 r25 = 17.5105 d25 = 1,000 n16 = 1.85026 ν16 = 32.3 r26 = 9.1270 d26 = 28.648 n17 = 1.51633 ν17 = 64.1 r27 = -20.3224 d27 = 14,000 r28 = 20.3224 d28 = 28,648 n18 = 1.51633 ν18 = 64.1 r29 = -9.1270 d29 = 1,000 n19 = 1.85026 ν19 = 32.3 r30 = -17.5105 d30 = 0.300 r31 = 37.3211 d31 = 2.038 n20 = 1.8061 ν20 = 40.9 r32 = ∞ d32 = 25,393 n21 = 1.51633 ν21 = 64.1 r33 = ∞ d33 = 2.038 n22 = 1.8061 ν22 = 40.9 r34 = -37.3211 d34 = 0.300 r35 = 17.5105 d35 = 1,000 n23 = 1.85026 ν23 = 32.3 r36 = 9.1270 d36 = 28,648 n24 = 1.51633 ν24 = 64.1 r37 = 20.3224 d37 = 14,000 r38 = 20.3224 d38 = 28.648 n25 = 1.51633 ν25 = 64.1 r39 = -9.1270 d39 = 1,000 n26 = 1.85026 ν26 = 32.3 r40 = 17.5105 d40 = 0.300 r41 = 37.3211 d41 = 2.038 n27 = 1.8061 ν27 = 40.9 r42 = ∞ d42 = 25,393 n28 = 1.51633 ν28 = 64.1 r43 = ∞ d43 = 2.038 n29 = 1.8061 ν29 = 40.9 r44 = 37.3211 d44 = 0.300 r45 = 17.5105 d45 = 1,000 n30 = 1.85026 ν30 = 32.3 r46 = 9.1270 d46 = 28,648 n31 = 1.51633 ν31 = 64.1 r47 = 20.3224 d47 = 17,000 r48 = -14.8821 d48 = 2,846 n32 = 1.72916 ν32 = 54.7 r49 = -8.8016 d49 = 0.300 r50 = 15.1352 d50 = 4,084 n33 = 1.618 ν33 = 63.4 r51 = -7.3338 d51 = 1,000 n34 = 1.5927 ν34 = 35.3 r52 = 9.5056 d52 = 4,000 r53 = -16.8952 d53 = 2,000 n35 = 1.7552 ν35 = 27.5 r54 = -13.2379 d54 = 2,000 n36 = 1.72916 ν36 = 54.7 r55 = -23.2387 d55 = 0.300 r56 = 22.9913 d56 = 2,000 n37 = 1.816 ν37 = 46.6 r57 = 89.7162 d57 = 15,000 r58 = ∞ d58 = 6,000 (Reflection plane) r59 = ∞ d59 = 4,000 (Reflection plane) r60 = 22.5828 d60 = 1,000 n38 = 1.78472 ν38 = 25.7 r61 = 6.1627 d61 = 3.276 n39 = 1.55963 ν39 = 61.2 r62 = 9.4965 d62 = 1.747 r63 = 13.6433 d63 = 3.041 n40 = 1.60311 ν40 = 60.7 r64 = -11.6980 d64 = 29.780 r65 = ∞ (image location) Table 7: Lens data of the eleventh embodiment r1 = ∞ d1 = 0.400 n1 = 1.7682 ν1 = 71.8 r2 = ∞ d2 = 0.500 r3 = -27.1944 d3 = 0.500 n2 = 1,883 ν2 = 40.8 r4 = 1.6149 d4 = 0.400 r5 = ∞ d5 = 0.648 n3 = 1.8061 ν3 = 40.9 r6 = ∞ (pupil) d6 = 8,000 n4 = 1.8061 ν4 = 40.9 r7 = -5.9410 d7 = 0.300 r8 = 34.5218 d8 = 1.405 n5 = 1.60311 ν5 = 60.7 r9 = -44.4283 d9 = 1.636 r10 = 10.5798 d10 = 11.910 n6 = 1.60311 ν6 = 60.7 r11 = -9.6402 d11 = 1,000 n7 = 1.84666 ν7 = 23.8 r12 = 5.5533 d12 = 1.354 r13 = 16.9402 d13 = 1,000 n8 = 1.84666 ν8 = 23.8 r14 = 5.6237 d14 = 2.775 n9 = 1.60311 ν9 = 60.7 r15 = -11,88857 d15 = 0.300 r16 = 9.6717 d16 = 2.054 n10 = 1.72916 ν10 = 54.7 r17 = 7.8305 d17 = 12,000 r18 = 19.4101 d18 = 30,497 n11 = 1.51633 ν11 = 64.1 r19 = -9,3708 d19 = 1,000 n12 = 1.85026 ν12 = 32.3 r20 = -18.4223 d20 = 0.300 r21 = 37.3503 d21 = 1,000 n13 = 1.8061 ν13 = 40.9 r22 = ∞ d22 = 29,679 n14 = 1.51633 ν14 = 64.1 r23 = ∞ d23 = 1,000 n15 = 1.8061 ν15 = 40.9 r24 = -37.3503 d24 = 0.300 r25 = 18.4223 d25 = 1,000 n16 = 1.85026 ν16 = 32.3 r26 = 9.3708 d26 = 30,497 n17 = 1.51633 ν17 = 64.1 r27 = -19.4101 d27 = 14,000 r28 = 19.4101 d28 = 30,497 n18 = 1.51633 ν18 = 64.1 r29 = -9,3708 d29 = 1,000 n19 = 1.85026 ν19 = 32.3 r30 = -18.4223 d30 = 0.300 r31 = 37.3503 d31 = 1,000 n20 = 1.8061 ν20 = 40.9 r32 = ∞ d32 = 29,679 n21 = 1.51633 ν21 = 64.1 r33 = ∞ d33 = 1,000 n22 = 1.8061 ν22 = 40.9 r34 = -37.3503 d34 = 0.300 r35 = 18.4223 d35 = 1,000 n23 = 1.85026 ν23 = 32.3 r36 = 9.3708 d36 = 30,497 n24 = 1.51633 ν24 = 64.1 r37 = -19.4101 d37 = 14,000 r38 = 19.4101 d38 = 30,497 n25 = 1.51633 ν25 = 64.1 r39 = -9,3708 d39 = 1,000 n26 = 1.85026 ν26 = 32.3 r40 = -18.4223 d40 = 0.300 r41 = 37.3503 d41 = 1,000 n27 = 1.8061 ν27 = 40.9 r42 = ∞ d42 = 29,679 n28 = 1.51633 ν28 = 64.1 r43 = ∞ d43 = 1,000 n29 = 1.8061 ν29 = 40.9 r44 = -37.3503 d44 = 0.300 r45 = 18.4223 d45 = 1,000 n30 = 1.85026 ν30 = 32.3 r46 = 9.3708 d46 = 30,497 n31 = 1.51633 ν31 = 64.1 r47 = -19.4101 d47 = 19,000 r48 = -14.3213 d48 = 7,000 n32 = 1.72916 ν32 = 54.7 r49 = -11.0960 d49 = 0.300 r50 = 33.1140 d50 = 1,047 n33 = 1.618 ν33 = 63.4 r51 = 9.1082 d51 = 7,000 n34 = 1.5927 ν34 = 35.3 r52 = 67.5887 d52 = 3.277 r53 = -9.9528 d53 = 7,000 n35 = 1.7552 ν35 = 27.5 r54 = 41.3894 d54 = 10,000 n36 = 1.72916 ν36 = 54.7 r55 = 19.8178 d55 = 3,000 r56 = 63.2683 d56 = 7,000 n37 = 1.816 ν37 = 46.6 r57 = 41.6536 d57 = 6.621 r58 = 20.1426 d58 = 2.426 n38 = 1.51633 ν38 = 64.1 r59 = -122.3553 d59 = 5,000 n39 = 1.78472 ν39 = 25.7 r60 = 32.7733 d60 = 2,000 r61 = 21.5258 d61 = 5,000 n40 = 1.5725 ν40 = 57.8 r62 = 563.4090 d62 = 36.001 r63 = ∞ image location) Table 8: Lens data of the twelfth embodiment r1 = ∞ d1 = 0.400 n1 = 1.7682 ν1 = 71.8 r2 = ∞ d2 = 0.500 r3 = -5.6176 d3 = 8,000 n2 = 1,883 ν2 = 40.8 r4 = ∞ (pupil) d4 = 8,000 n3 = 1,883 ν3 = 40.8 r5 = -10.6525 d5 = 1.727 r6 = 225.1706 d6 = 1,024 n4 = 1.60311 ν4 = 60.7 r7 = 794.5057 d7 = 0.803 r8 = 7.7627 d8 = 3,448 n5 = 1.6968 ν5 = 55.5 r9 = 7.0551 d9 = 1.200 n6 = 1.84666 ν6 = 23.8 r10 = 6.6689 d10 = 1,754 r11 = 21,0094 d11 = 1,000 n7 = 1.84666 ν7 = 23.8 r12 = 5.2971 d12 = 3,637 n8 = 1.60311 ν8 = 60.7 r13 = -17.1652 d13 = 0.300 r14 = 9.0345 d14 = 2.401 n9 = 1.72916 ν9 = 54.7 r15 = 40.5646 d15 = 12,000 r16 = 19.9468 d16 = 30.262 n10 = 1.51633 ν10 = 64.1 r17 = -9.0769 d17 = 1.018 n11 = 1.85026 ν11 = 32.3 r18 = -18.5715 d18 = 0.300 r19 = 34.7626 d19 = 3,093 n12 = 1.8061 ν12 = 40.9 r20 = ∞ d20 = 19.606 n13 = 1.51633 ν13 = 64.1 r21 = ∞ d21 = 3,093 n14 = 1.8061 ν14 = 40.9 r22 = -34.7626 d22 = 0.300 r23 = 18.5715 d23 = 1.018 n15 = 1.85026 ν15 = 32.3 r24 = 9.0769 d24 = 30.262 n16 = 1.51633 ν16 = 64.1 r25 = -19.9468 d25 = 14,000 r26 = 19.9468 d26 = 30.262 n17 = 1.51633 ν17 = 64.1 r27 = -9.0769 d27 = 1,018 n18 = 1.85026 ν18 = 32.3 r28 = -18.5715 d28 = 0.300 r29 = 34.7626 d29 = 3,093 n19 = 1.8061 ν19 = 40.9 r30 = ∞ d30 = 19.606 n20 = 1.51633 ν20 = 64.1 r31 = ∞ d31 = 3,093 n21 = 1.8061 ν21 = 40.9 r32 = -34.7626 d32 = 0.300 r33 = 18.5715 d33 = 1.018 n22 = 1.85026 ν22 = 32.3 r34 = 9.0769 d34 = 30,262 n23 = 1.51633 ν23 = 64.1 r35 = -19.9468 d35 = 14,000 r36 = 19.9468 d36 = 30,262 n24 = 1.51633 ν24 = 64.1 r37 = -9.0769 d37 = 1,018 n25 = 1.85026 ν25 = 32.3 r38 = -18.5715 d38 = 0.300 r39 = 34.7626 d39 = 3,093 n26 = 1.8061 ν26 = 40.9 r40 = ∞ d40 = 19.606 n27 = 1.51633 ν27 = 64.1 r41 = ∞ d41 = 3,093 n28 = 1.8061 ν28 = 40.9 r42 = -34.7626 d42 = 0.300 r43 = 18.5715 d43 = 1,018 n29 = 1.85026 ν29 = 32.3 r44 = 9.0769 d44 = 30,262 n30 = 1.51633 ν30 = 64.1 r45 = -19.9468 d45 = 19,000 r46 = -11.8408 d46 = 5,820 n31 = 1.72916 ν31 = 54.7 r47 = -9.1946 d47 = 0.300 r48 = 24.0775 d48 = 10,000 n32 = 1.618 ν32 = 63.4 r49 = -26.2109 d49 = 7,000 n33 = 1.5927 ν33 = 35.3 r50 = 63.4749 d50 = 3,000 r51 = -8.3204 d51 = 5,376 n34 = 1.7552 ν34 = 27.5 r52 = -38.8722 d52 = 10,000 n35 = 1.72916 ν35 = 54.7 r53 = -19.1304 d53 = 3,000 r54 = -83.1506 d54 = 7,000 n36 = 1.816 ν36 = 46.6 r55 = -41.8244 d55 = 8.346 r56 = -26.1283 d56 = 4.325 n37 = 1.51633 ν37 = 64.1 r57 = -7.8805 d57 = 4,552 n38 = 1.78472 ν38 = 25.7 r58 = -14.4880 d58 = 0.300 r59 = 31.7804 d59 = 5,000 n39 = 1.5725 ν39 = 57.8 r60 = 6326.3883 d60 = 36,032 r61 = ∞ (image location) Table 9: Lens data of the 13th embodiment r1 = ∞ d1 = 0.400 n1 = 1.7682 ν1 = 71.8 r2 = ∞ d2 = 0.500 r3 = 14.7408 d3 = 0.500 n2 = 1,883 ν2 = 40.8 r4 = 1.5441 d4 = 0.400 r5 = ∞ d5 = 0.572 n3 = 1.8061 ν3 = 40.9 r6 = ∞ (pupil) d6 = 7,966 n4 = 1.8061 ν4 = 40.9 r7 = -5.9996 d7 = 0.300 r8 = 38.8172 d8 = 1.360 n5 = 1.60311 ν5 = 60.7 r9 = -54.0250 d9 = 1,040 r10 = 10.8354 d10 = 11,720 n6 = 1.60311 ν6 = 60.7 r11 = -36.1554 d11 = 1,000 n7 = 1.84666 ν7 = 23.8 r12 = 5.7085 d12 = 1.444 r13 = 17.6383 d13 = 1,000 n8 = 1.84666 ν8 = 23.8 r14 = 5.3388 d14 = 3.339 n9 = 1.60311 ν9 = 60.7 r15 = -10.4808 d15 = 0.300 r16 = 10.4139 d16 = 2.316 n10 = 1.72916 ν10 = 54.7 r17 = 1299.7086 d17 = 12,000 r18 = 20.9531 d18 = 28,137 n11 = 1.51633 ν11 = 64.1 r19 = -9.0377 d19 = 1,029 n12 = 1.85026 ν12 = 32.3 r20 = -17.1424 d20 = 0.300 r21 = 37.8341 d21 = 1.462 n13 = 1.8061 ν13 = 40.9 r22 = ∞ d22 = 26.759 n14 = 1.51633 ν14 = 64.1 r23 = ∞ d23 = 1.462 n15 = 1.8061 ν15 = 40.9 r24 = -37.8341 d24 = 0.300 r25 = 17.1424 d25 = 1,029 n16 = 1.85026 ν16 = 32.3 r26 = 9.0377 d26 = 28,137 n17 = 1.51633 ν17 = 64.1 r27 = -20.9531 d27 = 14,000 r28 = 20.9531 d28 = 28,137 n18 = 1.51633 ν18 = 64.1 r29 = -9.0377 d29 = 1,029 n19 = 1.85026 ν19 = 32.3 r30 = -17.1424 d30 = 0.300 r31 = 37.8341 d31 = 1.462 n20 = 1.8061 ν20 = 40.9 r32 = ∞ d32 = 26.759 n21 = 1.51633 ν21 = 64.1 r33 = ∞ d33 = 1.462 n22 = 1.8061 ν22 = 40.9 r34 = -37.8341 d34 = 0.300 r35 = 17.1424 d35 = 1,029 n23 = 1.85026 ν23 = 32.3 r36 = 9.0377 d36 = 28,137 n24 = 1.51633 ν24 = 64.1 r37 = -20.9531 d37 = 14,000 r38 = 20.9531 d38 = 28,137 n25 = 1.51633 ν25 = 64.1 r39 = -9.0377 d39 = 1,029 n26 = 1.85026 ν26 = 32.3 r40 = -17.1424 d40 = 0.300 r41 = 37.8341 d41 = 1.462 n27 = 1.8061 ν27 = 40.9 r42 = ∞ d42 = 26.759 n28 = 1.51633 ν28 = 64.1 r43 = ∞ d43 = 1.462 n29 = 1.8061 ν29 = 40.9 r44 = -37.8341 d44 = 0.300 r45 = 17.1424 d45 = 1,029 n30 = 1.85026 ν30 = 32.3 r46 = 9.0377 d46 = 28,137 n31 = 1.51633 ν31 = 64.1 r47 = -20.9531 d47 = 19,000 r48 = -13.4332 d48 = 7,000 n32 = 1.72916 ν32 = 54.7 r49 = -11,0047 d49 = 0.300 r50 = 17.1878 d50 = 5.837 n33 = 1.618 ν33 = 63.4 r51 = 57.8341 d51 = 7,000 n34 = 1.5927 ν34 = 35.3 r52 = 38.7072 d52 = 4.174 r53 = -8.1955 d53 = 6.919 n35 = 1.7552 ν35 27.5 r54 = 42.2429 d54 = 10,000 n36 = 1.72916 ν36 = 54.7 r55 = -19.4465 d55 = 0.300 r56 = 944.8567 d56 = 4,699 n37 = 1.816 ν37 = 46.6 r57 = -50.3836 d57 = 18.931 r58 = 136.6914 d58 = 5,000 n38 = 1.51633 ν38 = 64.1 r59 = -21.5686 d59 = 5,000 n39 = 1.78472 ν39 = 25.7 r60 = -47.7722 d60 = 3,000 r61 = 24.4617 d61 = 5,000 n40 = 1.5725 ν40 = 57.8 r62 = 207.2457 d62 = 24,000 r63 = ∞ (image location) Table 10: Lens data of the 23rd embodiment r1 = ∞ d1 = 0.4 n1 = 1.769000 ν1 = 71.8 r2 = ∞ d2 = 0.3 r3 = ∞ d3 = 0.5 n2 = 1.784720 ν2 = 25.8 r4 = 2.18120 d4 = 0.8 r5 = ∞ d5 = 6.524779 n3 = 1.806098 ν3 = 40.9 r6 = ∞ d6 = 0.000000 n4 = 1.806098 ν4 = 40.9 r7 = ∞ d7 = 10,000,000 n5 = 1.806098 ν5 = 40.9 r8 = -18,90821 d8 = 2,000,000 r9 = 11.34978 d9 = 7,000,000 n6 = 1.589130 ν6 = 61.2 r10 = -6.85269 d10 = 7,000,000 n7 = 1.784718 ν7 = 25.7 r11 = -9.21315 d11 = 1.757525 r12 = -5.83605 d12 = 1.329338 n8 = 1.784718 ν8 = 25.7 r13 = 21.54459 d13 = 5.000000 n9 = 1.772499 ν9 = 49.6 r14 = -9,87710 d14 = 0.300000 r15 = 23.34659 d15 = 5,000,000 n10 = 1.729157 ν10 = 54.7 r16 = -46.95906 d16 = 9.832604 Table 11: Lens data of the 24th embodiment r1 = ∞ d1 = 0.4 n1 = 1.769000 ν1 = 71.8 r2 = ∞ d2 = 0.3 r3 = ∞ d3 = 0.5 n2 = 1.784720 ν2 = 25.8 r4 = 2.24795 d4 = 0.8 r5 = ∞ d5 = 26.000000 n3 = 1.806098 ν3 = 40.9 r6 = ∞ d6 = 0.000000 n4 = 1.806098 ν4 = 40.9 r7 = ∞ d7 = 28.856575 n5 = 1.806098 ν5 = 40.9 r8 = -36.97230 d8 = 15.000000 r9 = 10.27055 d9 = 13.872951 n6 = 1.496999 ν6 = 31.6 r10 = -6.76542 d10 = 8.669330 n7 = 1.846660 ν7 = 23.8 r11 = -12.08426 d11 = 4.358284 r12 = -6.61021 d12 = 3.807170 n8 = 1.846660 ν8 = 23.8 r13 = -10.66959 d13 = 4.004968 n9 = 1.772499 ν9 = 49.6 r14 = -10.95412 d14 = 3.679284 r15 = -13.63092 d15 = 8.940710 n10 = 1.729157 ν10 = 54.7 r16 = -11.40751 d16 = 9.956806 r17 = 18.08889 d17 = 37.945337 n11 = 1.516330 ν11 = 64.1 r18 = -8.56598 d18 = 6.671087 n12 = 1.850259 ν12 = 32.3 r19 = -23.41526 d19 = 0.300000 r20 = 39.63203 d20 = 1.000000 n13 = 1.806098 ν13 = 40.9 r21 = ∞ d21 = 5,000,000 n14 = 1.516330 ν14 = 64.1 r22 = ∞ d22 = 5,000,000 n15 = 1.516330 ν15 = 64.1 r23 = ∞ d23 = 1.000000 n16 = 1.806098 ν16 = 40.9 r24 = -39.63203 d24 = 0.300000 r25 = 23.41526 d25 = 6.671087 n17 = 1.850259 ν17 = 32.3 r26 = 8.56598 d26 = 37.945337 n18 = 1.516330 ν18 = 64.1 r27 = -18.08889 d27 = 10,000,000 r28 = 18.08889 d28 = 37.945337 n19 = 1.516330 ν19 = 64.1 r29 = -8.56598 d29 = 6.671087 n20 = 1.850259 ν20 = 32.3 r30 = -23.41526 d30 = 0.300000 r31 = 39.63203 d31 = 1.000000 n21 = 1.806098 ν21 = 40.9 r32 = ∞ d32 = 5,000,000 n22 = 1.516330 ν22 = 64.1 r33 = ∞ d33 = 5,000,000 n23 = 1.516330 ν23 = 64.1 r34 = ∞ d34 = 1.000000 n24 = 1.806098 ν24 = 40.9 r35 = -39.63203 d35 = 0.300000 r36 = 23.41526 d36 = 6.671087 n25 = 1.850259 ν25 = 32.3 r37 = 8.56598 d37 = 37.945337 n26 = 1.516330 ν26 = 64.1 r38 = -18.08889 d38 = 10,000,000 r39 = 18.08889 d39 = 37.945337 n27 = 1.516330 v27 = 64.1 r40 = -8.56598 d40 = 6.671087 n28 = 1.850259 ν28 = 32.3 r41 = -23.41526 d41 = 0.300000 r42 = 39.63203 d42 = 1.000000 n29 = 1.806098 ν29 = 40.9 r43 = ∞ d43 = 5,000,000 n30 = 1.516330 ν30 = 64.1 r44 = ∞ d44 = 5,000,000 n31 = 1.516330 ν31 = 64.1 r45 = ∞ d45 = 1.000000 n32 = 1.806098 ν32 = 40.9 r46 = -39.63203 d46 = 0.300000 r47 = 23.41526 d47 = 6.671087 n33 = 1.850259 ν33 = 32.3 r48 = 8.56598 d48 = 37.945337 n34 = 1.516330 ν34 = 64.1 r49 = -18.08889 d49 = 15.000000 r50 = -15.76035 d50 = 7,000,000 n35 = 1.816000 ν35 = 46.6 r51 = -10.49216 d51 = 0.300000 r52 = 19.16924 d52 = 1.000000 n36 = 1.729157 ν36 = 54.7 r53 = 10.37555 d53 = 1.000000 n37 = 1.755199 ν37 = 27.5 r54 = 8.20791 d54 = 6.363656 r55 = -24.61446 d55 = 3.366619 n38 = 1.592701 ν38 = 35.3 r56 = 9,99541 d56 = 9.925109 n39 = 1.618000 ν39 = 63.4 r57 = -27.28005 d57 = 0.547138 r58 = 22.89857 d58 = 7,000,000 n40 = 1.729157 ν40 = 54.7 r59 = 465.13444 d59 = 100.501554 Table 12: Lens data of the 25th embodiment R D N ν r1 = ∞ d1 = 0.400000 n1 = 1.769000 ν1 = 71.8 r2 = ∞ d2 = 0.300000 r3 = -5.97394 d3 = 0.500000 n2 = 1.784720 ν2 = 25.8 r4 = -81.88587 d4 = 0.400000 r5 = ∞ d5 = 7,000,000 n3 = 1.806098 ν3 = 40.9 r6 = ∞ d6 = 0.000000 n4 = 1.806098 ν4 = 40.9 r7 = ∞ d7 = 5,000,000 n5 = 1.806098 ν5 = 40.9 r8 = -19.02807 d8 = 0.300000 r9 = 19.68776 d9 = 1,500,000 n6 = 1.603112 ν6 = 60.7 r10 = -143.32901 d10 = 0.300000 r11 = 8.84970 d11 = 2.000000 n7 = 1.603112 ν7 = 60.7 r12 = 205.54794 d12 = 2,000,000 n8 = 1.846660 ν8 = 23.8 r13 = 7.54926 d13 = 3.000000 r14 = 11.00667 d14 = 3.000000 n9 = 1.846660 ν9 = 23.8 r15 = 6.70344 d15 = 2.697123 n10 = 1.603112 ν10 = 60.7 r16 = -29.22995 d16 = 0.300000 r17 = 25.03133 d17 = 5,000,000 n11 = 1.729157 ν11 = 54.7 r18 = -19.09934 d18 = 14.067359 r19 = 20.97714 d19 = 31.002854 n12 = 1.516330 ν12 = 64.1 r20 = -9.61884 d20 = 1.000000 n13 = 1.850259 ν13 = 32.3 r21 = -18.35394 d21 = 0.300000 r22 = 39.59182 d22 = 1.000000 n14 = 1.806098 ν14 = 40.9 r23 = ∞ d23 = 12.733214 n15 = 1.516330 ν15 = 64.1 r24 = ∞ d24 = 12.733214 n16 = 1.516330 ν16 = 64.1 r25 = ∞ d25 = 1.000000 n17 = 1.806098 ν17 = 40.9 r26 = -39.59182 d26 = 0.300000 r27 = 18.35394 d27 = 1.000000 n18 = 1.850259 ν18 = 32.3 r28 = 9.61884 d28 = 31.002854 n19 = 1.516330 ν19 = 64.1 r29 = -20.97714 d29 = 13.999522 r30 = 20.97714 d30 = 31.002854 n20 = 1.516330 ν20 = 64.1 r31 = -9.61884 d31 = 1.000000 n21 = 1.850259 ν21 = 32.3 r32 = -18.35394 d32 = 0.300000 r33 = 39.59182 d33 = 1.000000 n22 = 1.806098 ν22 = 40.9 r34 = ∞ d34 = 12.733214 n23 = 1. 516330 ν23 = 64.1 r35 = ∞ d35 = 12.733214 n24 = 1.516330 ν24 = 64.1 r36 = ∞ d36 = 1.000000 n25 = 1.806098 ν25 = 40.9 r37 = -39.59182 d37 = 0.300000 r38 = 18.35394 d38 = 1.000000 n26 = 1.850259 ν26 = 32.3 r39 = 9.61884 d39 = 31.002854 n27 = 1.516330 ν27 = 64.1 r40 = -20.97714 d40 = 22,951,000 r41 = 51.24000 d41 = 4,900,000 n28 = 1.712995 ν28 = 53.9 r42 = -30,80800 d42 = 0.350000 r43 = 15.16600 d43 = 4.930000 n29 = 1.617001 ν29 = 62.8 r44 = 47.26000 d44 = 1.650000 n30 = 1.592701 ν30 = 35.3 r45 = 10.61000 d45 = 7,000,000 r46 = -8,87100 d46 = 2.070000 n31 = 1.755199 ν31 = 27.5 r47 = -42.79500 d47 = 7.380000 n32 = 1.696800 ν32 = 56.5 r48 = -13.94800 d48 = 0.480000 r49 = ∞ d49 = 4,700,000 n33 = 1.804000 ν33 = 46.6 r50 = -45.75100 d50 = 8.660000 r51 = 47.10400 d51 = 3,500,000 n34 = 1.516330 ν34 = 64.1 r52 = -22.01500 d52 = 1,500,000 n35 = 1.784718 ν35 = 25.7 r53 = -48.13700 d53 = 1.000000 r54 = 79.15800 d54 = 3.000000 n36 = 1.572501 ν36 = 57.8 r55 = -79.15800 d55 = 32.098487 Table 13: Lens data of the 26th embodiment r1 = ∞ d1 = 1.0 n1 = 1.51633 ν1 = 64.15 r2 = ∞ d2 = 0.3 r3 = ∞ d3 = 1.5 n2 = 1.72916 ν2 = 54.68 r4 = 4.4560 d4 = 2.5 r5 = ∞ d5 = 22.02 n3 = 1.88300 ν3 = 40.78 r6 = ∞ (pupil) d6 = 5.39 n4 = 1.88300 ν4 = 40.78 r7 = 10.3990 d7 = 1.02 r8 = -8.6190 d8 = 2.0 n5 = 1.62004 ν5 = 36.25 r9 = ∞ d9 = 3.5 n6 = 1.788 ν6 = 47.38 r10 = -14.1680 d10 = 2.28 r11 = 24.1810 d11 = 6.14 n7 = 1.51633 ν7 = 64.15 r12 = 11.7470 d12 = 3.0 n8 = 1.78472 ν8 = 25.71 r13 = ∞ d13 = 8.65 r14 = 38.2890 d14 = 3.0 n9 = 1.59551 ν9 = 39.21 r15 = 11.4220 d15 = 6.0 n10 = 1.51633 ν10 = 64.15 r16 = -19.2720 d16 = 10.0 Table 14: Lens data of the 27th embodiment r1 = ∞ d1 = 0.4 n1 = 1.7682 ν1 = 71.8 r2 = ∞ d2 = 0.5 r3 = -12.44196 d3 = 0.5 n2 = 1,883 ν2 = 40.8 r4 = 3.50665 d4 = 0.4 r5 = ∞ d5 = 7.0 n3 = 1.80610 ν3 = 40.9 r6 = ∞ (pupil) d6 = 7.0 n4 = 1.80610 ν4 = 40.9 r7 = -9.32306 d7 = 0.3 r8 = 24.40418 d8 = 1.3301 n5 = 1.60311 ν5 = 60.7 r9 = -51,70650 d9 = 0.8047 r10 = 10.49630 d10 = 10.0 n6 = 1.60311 ν6 = 60.7 r11 = -12.17332 d11 = 1.0 n7 = 1.84666 ν7 = 23.8 r12 = 5.56286 d12 = 1.7183 r13 = -11.69704 d13 = 1.0 n8 = 1.84666 ν8 = 23.8 r14 = -221.94536 d14 = 2.1568 n9 = 1.60311 ν9 = 60.7 r15 = -8.24002 d15 = 0.3 r16 = 10.31164 d16 = 2.3746 n10 = 1.72916 ν10 = 54.7 r17 = -30.38097 d17 = 12.0 r18 = 20.97714 d18 = 31.0029 n11 = 1.51633 ν11 = 64.1 r19 = -9.61884 d19 = 1.0 n12 = 1.85026 ν12 = 32.3 r20 = -18.35394 d20 = 0.3 r21 = 39.59182 d21 = 1.0 n13 = 1.8061 ν13 = 40.9 r22 = ∞ d22 = 25.4664 n14 = 1.51633 ν14 = 64.1 r23 = ∞ d23 = 1.0 n15 = 1.8061 ν15 = 40.9 r24 = -39.59182 d24 = 0.3 r25 = 18.35394 d25 = 1.0 n16 = 1.85026 v16 = 32.3 r26 = 9.61884 d26 = 31.0029 n17 = 1.51633 ν17 = 64.1 r27 = -20.97714 d27 = 13.9995 r28 = 20.97714 d28 = 31.0029 n18 = 1.51633 ν18 = 64.1 r29 = -9.61884 d29 = 1.0 n19 = 1.85026 ν19 = 32.3 r30 = -18.35394 d30 = 0.3 r31 = 39.59182 d31 = 1.0 n20 = 1.8061 ν20 = 40.9 r32 = ∞ d32 = 25.4664 n21 = 1.51633 ν21 = 64.1 r33 = ∞ d33 = 1.0 n22 = 1.8061 ν22 = 40.9 r34 = 39.59182 d34 = 0.3 r35 = 18.35394 d35 = 1.0 n23 = 1.85026 ν23 = 32.3 r36 = 9.61884 d36 = 31.0029 n24 = 1.51633 ν24 = 64.1 r37 = -20.97714 d37 = 13.9995 r38 = 20.97714 d38 = 31.0029 n25 = 1.51633 ν25 = 64.1 r39 = -9.61884 d39 = 1.0 n26 = 1.85026 ν26 = 32.3 r40 = -18.35394 d40 = 0.3 r41 = 39.59182 d41 = 1.0 n27 = 1.8061 ν27 = 40.9 r42 = ∞ d42 = 25.4664 n28 = 1.51633 ν28 = 64.1 r43 = ∞ d43 = 1.0 n29 = 1.8061 ν29 = 40.9 r44 = 39.59182 d44 = 0.3 r45 = 18.35394 d45 = 1.0 n30 = 1.85026 ν30 = 32.3 r46 = 9.61884 d46 = 3 1.0029 n31 = 1.51633 ν31 = 64.1 r47 = -20.97714 d47 = 7,004

Claims (5)

Stereo endoscope with an elongated insertion section ( 122 ), an illumination light projecting device which irradiates an illumination light from the distal end side of the insertion section (FIG. 122 ), an optical objective system ( 132 ) located on the distal end side of the insertion section (FIG. 122 ) and at least three images ( 135 ) with a parallax to each other by the illuminating light illuminate generated article and an optical image transmission system ( 136 ) for transferring the images ( 135 ), wherein in the optical objective system ( 132 ) at least three optical systems ( 133 ) parallel to the distal end side of the insertion section (FIG. 111 ), which are the at least three images ( 141 . 141 to 141f ), the image transmission system ( 136 ) has only one optical system, which by the optical objective system ( 132 ) generated images ( 141 . 141 to 141f ), and an image capture device ( 140 . 140a to 140f ) at least two of the optical image transmission system ( 136 ) transmitted images ( 141 . 141 to 141f ). Stereo endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the optical objective system ( 132 ) from several optical systems ( 133 . 134 ) is formed, whose Petzval sum is negative. Stereo endoscope according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the optical objective system ( 132 ) at least three parallel optical front group systems ( 133 . 133a to 133f ) and an optical backbone system ( 134 ), wherein the optical axis of the backbone system with the optical axis of the optical image transmission system ( 136 ), the backgroup system the beam paths of the optical front group systems ( 133 . 133a to 133f ) and the optical image transmission system ( 136 ) the superimposed images ( 137 ) transmits. A stereo endoscope according to claim 3, wherein the locations of the images transmitted by the optical image transmission system ( 136 ) transmitted with the aid of a pupil image-generating lens system ( 138 ) are separated from each other. Stereo endoscope according to claim 3, wherein the optical front-end system ( 133 ) projected beam is an afocal beam.