DE19549504C2 - Straw-chopping machine with conditioning rollers - Google Patents

Abstract

The agricultural crop, especially straw, harvesting machine (1) incorporates a crop conditioning device (10). It incorporates a feeder system (2) with rollers leading the straw into a cutting drum (3) with lower (31) and upper (32) fixed plates. Cutting knives on the drum move past these fixed plates to chop up the straw into short lengths. Chopped straw leaving the cutting drum passes through a conditioning device consisting of two upper rollers (12,13) pressing against a lower roller (11) the positions of the curved plates adjacent to the cutting drum are adjustable to change the point at which the chopped straw leaves the drum. The straw may be directed through the conditioning rollers or may pass through a lower passage (8) to miss them.

Description

The invention relates to a forage harvester with a conditioning device for a farmer Economic crops according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such forage harvesters with conditioning devices are already available in practice in a variety of design variants.

For example, DE 34 07 333 C2 contains a conditioning device, where the pair of rollers at the lower end of the ascending chute is arranged telbar over the chopper drum. Both rollers are from seen from the side of the chute between its front and rear wall in an approximately symmetrical arrangement, being half the diameter protrude into the chute and their other halves of bulges in the chute channel are enclosed. A wide adjustment for the upper roller enables the up enhancement of the conditioning effect.

A further development of a conditioning device is in the self-propelled field shredder "MAMMUT" from the German company MENGELE can be seen in the brochure the printing note "5/896/98240" is described. Here is the pair of rollers in a channel between the housing of the chopper drum and the inlet opening a post-accelerator attached to the lower end of the chute. Also Here the conditioning effect can be eliminated by removing the rollers from the Channel can be swung out and then a special grass at this point nal with cover plates already screwed on.  

DE 42 15 696 A1 is another forage harvester with a conditioning device tion became known in which the conditioning device also a pair of rollers which consists of a closed assembly assembly. It is between the chopper drum and the post-accelerator and can be moved into this position or be pivoted. In the same way, of course, it is also in one To bring inactivity.

Because these conditioning devices consist exclusively of a single pair of rollers exist, they have their limits with regard to the conditioning effect. That is for them Today's forage harvesters are disadvantageous in that their throughput capacity increases Crop has risen continuously and on the other hand the quality demands on si shredded chopped goods have still grown.

Therefore, the invention has for its object a forage harvester with a To create conditioning device that he an improved conditioning effect is enough, that is, with greater certainty all the seeds are chopped and the plant Zen fibers are largely destroyed in chopped material intended for ensiling. This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the main claim solved.

The features listed in the subclaims develop the invention in advance in a partial manner, to which express reference is therefore made here. The chopping is done by the conditioning device constructed as a three-roller system Selgut prepared twice in succession, first between the front top Ren conditioning roller and the lower conditioning roller rotating in opposite directions and then between the rear upper conditioning roller and the lower conditioning roller, which also rotates in the opposite direction roller. It has proven useful to condition the peripheral speed of the lower roller to select the lowest, that of the front upper conditioner seen in the direction of travel roll a little higher and the one on the rear upper conditioning roller highest, because this is how the con ditioning effect is exerted with increasing intensity in the above two stages.  

The accommodation of the two upper conditioning rollers in a common housing that around a horizontal axis in its rear area can be pivoted upwards a quick way to carry out maintenance and repair work the conditioning device.

The suspension of the two upper conditioning rollers against the inner and outer rockers the force of tension springs allows the conditioning rollers to separate upwards for the case that an oversupply of chopped goods arrives or a foreign body Conditioning device happens. In addition, the rotatable double noc the working gap of the two upper conditioning rollers to the lower conditioning roller for adjustment different chopped goods and associated different conditioning effects to be changed.

This conditioning device can be used particularly advantageously in a forage harvester Apply between the housing of the chopper drum and the lower end of the Ejection chute has two channels one above the other. The bottom is and just trained channel provided for the harvesting of unprocessed chopped material and the upper one with a rising and then falling part for open preparing chopped material. In an upper channel designed in this way, that of the Conditioning device generated conveying direction exactly with the course of the channel a so that the processed chopped material is unchecked by the change of direction and gets even faster into the chute due to the conditioning rollers. Also for this reason the peripheral speeds described at the beginning are the conditioners rollers of the conditioning device have been selected.

A field equipped with such a conditioning device thus reaches chopper has a very high conditioning effect, for example when harvesting grain and when harvesting chopped material for ensiling.

The invention will now be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows a section through the central plane of a forage harvester from the feed system to the chute, chopping without conditioning device

Fig. 2 section like Fig. 1; Chopping with subsequent conditioning device, which consists of a three-roller system

Fig. 3 seen a side view of the conditioning device as a three-roll system in the working position, left side in the direction of travel

Fig. 4 is a side view like Fig. 3 with the conditioning device open in the maintenance position

Fig. 5 is a side view of the upper part of the conditioning device as a three-roll system with roll gap adjustment mechanism, the minimum gap size being set

Fig. 6 is a front view of FIG. 5, with the tension springs omitted

Fig. 7 is a side view of FIG. 5, with the largest gap dimension is set

Figs. 1 and 2 show the basic structure of a forage harvester, the on the side carries a receiving or cutting means, not shown, at its. This is followed by a chopper unit 1 , which consists of the feed system 2 and the chopper drum 3 . Behind the chopping unit 1 there is an ejection chute 4 , which is equipped in the transition area from its approximately horizontally running lower end in an almost vertical direction with a post-accelerator 5 .

In the discharge area of the chopper drum 3 , a lower discharge opening 6 and an upper discharge opening 7 are provided in the housing, which are arranged one above the other. The lower end of the chute 4 is divided into a lower channel 8 and an upper channel 9 , which are directly one above the other. The lower channel 8 is congruent to the lower discharge opening 6 of the housing of the chopper drum 3 and also the upper channel 9 to the upper discharge opening 7. In the upper channel 9 there is a conditioning device 10 which is designed as a three-roller system. Behind the conditioning device 10 , the lower channel 8 and the upper channel 9 combine to form a common channel.

The three-roller system is made up of a rotating lower conditioning roller 11 and two upper conditioning rollers 12 ; 13 formed, which rotate in opposite directions to the lower conditioning roller 11 . The peripheral speed of the front upper conditioning roller 12 seen in the direction of travel is higher than that of the lower conditioning roller 11 , but lower compared to the rear upper conditioning roller 13 . Both upper conditioning rollers 12 ; 13 are placed in a common housing 14 , which can be pivoted upward about a horizontal axis 15 in its rear region by means of a working cylinder 16 and can be locked in its lowest position by a locking device 17 .

Both upper conditioning rollers 12 ; 13 are on both sides around a continuous shaft 18 mounted in the housing 14 by means of an inner rocker 19 ; 19 'and an outer rocker 20 ; 20 'against the force of preloaded springs 21 individually upward escape bar in the housing 14 stored. For stability reasons, are on both sides that are available in addition to the housing 14, inner wings 19; 19 'via a torsion bar 22 and the outer rockers 20 ; 20 'connected to one another via a torsion bar 23 . A hydraulic cylinder 24 is articulated to one end of a lever system 25 which can be pivoted ver about the shaft 18 and the other end rotates a double cam 27 via a pivot lever 26. The inner rockers 19 ; 19 'and the outer rockers 20 ; 20 'rest with their lower ends under the action of the tension springs 21 on the outer contour of the double cam 27 .

To direct the stream of chopped material from the chopper drum 3 either in the unte ren channel 8 of the discharge chute 4 in a straight path to the post-accelerator 5 according to FIG. 1 or in the upper channel 9 by the above-described embodiment of the conditioning device 10 , the lower discharge opening 6 in the housing the chopper drum 3 with a radially inwardly curved lower slide 28 following the radius of rotation of the chopper drum 3 . A above the upper discharge opening 7 in the housing of the chopper drum 3 is displaceably movable on an ordered upper slide 29 in its lowest position, the upper discharge opening 7. Both slides 28 ; 29 are connected via a connecting plate 30 located on both sides of the chopping drum 3 to form a common component, the connecting plates 30 being pivotable about the shaft 31 of the chopping drum 3 and in the two end positions of the slider 28 ; 29 can be locked.

Reference list

1

Chopping aggregate

2nd

Feeding system

3rd

Chopper drum

4th

Chute

5

Post accelerator

6

lower discharge opening

7

upper discharge opening

8th

lower channel

9

upper channel

10th

Conditioning device

11

lower conditioning roller

12th

upper conditioning roller

13

upper conditioning roller

14

casing

15

horizontal axis

16

Working cylinder

17th

Locking device

18th

wave

19th

;

19th

'inner rocker

20th

;

20th

'outer rocker

21

Tension spring

22

Torsion bar

23

Torsion bar

24th

Hydraulic cylinder

25th

Lever system

26

Swivel lever

27

Double cam

28

lower slider

29

upper slider

30th

Connecting plates

31

wave

Claims (5)

1. forage harvester with a conditioning device for agricultural crops, with a receiving or cutting device provided at its front end, an adjoining chopping unit, a conditioning device downstream of this and consisting of rollers, and an ejection shaft provided in the rear machine area for ejecting the Chopped material by means of a post-accelerator arranged at its lower end, characterized in that the conditioning device ( 10 ) is constructed as a three-roller system, a lower conditioning roller ( 11 ) being arranged below the latter in relation to the flow of chopped material and two of these to this counter-rotating upper conditioning rollers ( 12 ; 13 ), which oppose the lower conditioning roller ( 11 ) to give a gap. 2. forage harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the circumferential speed of the front upper conditioning roller ( 12 ) seen in the direction of travel of the conditioning device ( 10 ) is higher than that of its lower conditioning roller ( 11 ), but lower than that of the rear upper conditioning roller ( 13 ). 3. forage harvester according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the two upper conditioning rollers ( 12 ; 13 ) of the conditioning device ( 10 ) are housed in a common housing ( 14 ) which is about a horizontal axis ( 15 ) in the rear region of the Housing ( 14 ) by means of a working cylinder ( 16 ) can be pivoted and locked in the lowered position. 4. forage harvester according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the two upper conditioning rollers ( 12 ; 13 ) of the conditioning device ( 10 ) around a common shaft ( 18 ) on both sides by means of an inner rocker ( 19 , 19 ') or an outer rocker ( 20 ; 20 ) against the force of a pretensioned tension spring ( 21 ) are individually suspended upwards in the housing ( 14 ) and that they are additionally rotated together by means of a double cam ( 27 ) rotatable by a hydraulic cylinder ( 24 ) their position for setting different gap to the lower roller ( 11 ) also about the common shaft ( 18 ) on the inner and outer rockers ( 19 ; 19 '/ 20 ; 20 ') are pivotable and lockable. 5. forage harvester according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the conditioning device ( 10 ) is assigned an upper channel ( 9 ) which the upper discharge opening ( 7 ) in the housing of the chopper drum ( 3 ) with the lower end of the discharge chute ( 4th ) connects, and that a further lower channel ( 8 ) is provided, the lower discharge opening ( 6 ) in the housing of the chopper drum ( 3 ) also connects to the lower end of the chute ( 4 ).