DE19538839A1 - Immobilising heavy metals, especially radioactive heavy metals - Google Patents
Immobilising heavy metals, especially radioactive heavy metalsInfo
- Publication number
- DE19538839A1 DE19538839A1 DE1995138839 DE19538839A DE19538839A1 DE 19538839 A1 DE19538839 A1 DE 19538839A1 DE 1995138839 DE1995138839 DE 1995138839 DE 19538839 A DE19538839 A DE 19538839A DE 19538839 A1 DE19538839 A1 DE 19538839A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- heavy metals
- ash
- weight
- mixture
- immobilising
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/33—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by chemical fixing the harmful substance, e.g. by chelation or complexation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/16—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/162—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix, e.g. clays, zeolites
- G21F9/165—Cement or cement-like matrix
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
- A62D2101/24—Organic substances containing heavy metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
- A62D2101/43—Inorganic substances containing heavy metals, in the bonded or free state
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Immobilisierung von Schwermetallen, bevorzugt von radioaktiven Schwermetallen, durch Mischen eines wäßrigen Konzentrats der Schwerme tallverbindungen mit Asche, bevorzugt Braunkohlenflugasche zuzüglich anderer Kompo nenten wie Zement und ggf. Additiven, z. B. zur Verzögerung der Abbindung. Das Erhitzen des Gemisches führt zu einer kontrollierten Erstarrung und läßt so die formgebende Verarbeitung der Masse zu.The invention relates to a method for immobilizing heavy metals, preferably from radioactive heavy metals, by mixing an aqueous concentrate of the heavy ones tall connections with ash, preferably lignite fly ash plus other compo nents such as cement and possibly additives, e.g. B. to delay the setting. The heating of the mixture leads to a controlled solidification and thus leaves the shape Processing the mass too.
Die Entsorgung von Schwermetallen bzw. deren Verbindungen, insbesondere von radioak tiven Schwermetallen bzw. deren Verbindungen, ist eine Aufgabenstellung, mit der sich die Fachleute in erheblichem Umfang auseinandersetzen müssen. Auch die Öffentlichkeit nimmt starken Anteil an diesem Entsorgungsproblem.The disposal of heavy metals or their compounds, especially radioactive tive heavy metals and their compounds is a task with which the Experts have to grapple to a considerable extent. The public too takes a strong part in this disposal problem.
Es ist bekannt, daß radioaktive Abfälle beispielsweise in Behältern in Salzstöcken in großer Tiefe gelagert werden sollen. Auch das Einbetten in Beton oder Glas ist bekannt.It is known that radioactive waste, for example in containers in salt domes, is large Depth to be stored. Embedding in concrete or glass is also known.
Es bestand daher die Aufgabenstellung, die Entsorgung der genannten Schwermetalle weiter zu verbessern.The task was therefore to dispose of the aforementioned heavy metals continue to improve.
Dies ist der Anmelderin durch ein Verfahren zum Immobilisieren von Schwermetallen ge lungen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Gew.-Teil eines wäßrigen Konzentrats, das 0,01 bis 40 g/l, bevorzugt 0,1 bis 25 g/l und besonders bevorzugt 1 bis 15 g/l an Schwermetall verbindungen enthält, mit mindestens 0,5 Gew.-Teilen an Asche, die < 5 Gew.-% bis 25 Gew.-% an freiem CaO enthält, vermischt wird und das Gemisch auf 30 bis 60°C, bevor zugt 35 bis 45°C, während 3 bis 60 Min., bevorzugt 5 bis 30 Min. erhitzt wird.This is the applicant by a method for immobilizing heavy metals lungs, characterized in that a part by weight of an aqueous concentrate containing 0.01 up to 40 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 25 g / l and particularly preferably 1 to 15 g / l of heavy metal contains compounds, with at least 0.5 parts by weight of ash, the <5 wt .-% to 25 Contains wt .-% of free CaO, is mixed and the mixture to 30 to 60 ° C before draws 35 to 45 ° C, while 3 to 60 minutes, preferably 5 to 30 minutes, is heated.
Die Untersuchungen der Anmelderin haben zu dem Ergebnis geführt, daß durch Zusatz von Aschen bzw. Asche-/Zementgemischen zu Konzentraten von Schwermetallen unter den erfindungsgemäßen Bedingungen die Metallanteile sowohl als schwerlösliche Verbindun gen ausgefällt werden als auch im Zuge der Mineralneubildung in das Kristallgitter immobil fixiert werden.The investigations of the applicant have led to the result that by adding Ashes or ashes / cement mixtures to concentrates of heavy metals among the conditions according to the invention, the metal portions both as poorly soluble compounds be precipitated as well as immobile in the course of the mineral formation in the crystal lattice be fixed.
Die Untersuchungen der Anmelderin haben ergeben, daß Braunkohlenflugasche in beson ders hohem Maße für die erfindungsgemäße Immobilisierung geeignet ist. Aber auch an dere Aschen wie Steinkohlenasche, Holzasche und dergleichen sind erfindungsgemäß ein setzbar. Gegebenenfalls muß der CaO-Gehalt durch Zusatz von CaO auf die gewünschte Konzentration eingestellt werden. The applicant's investigations have shown that brown coal fly ash in particular which is highly suitable for the immobilization according to the invention. But also on their ashes such as coal ash, wood ash and the like are a according to the invention settable. If necessary, the CaO content must be adjusted to the desired level by adding CaO Concentration can be adjusted.
Dies gelingt in besonders zuverlässiger Weise mit Uran und Radium. Die Konzentrate kön nen durch Lösen und Mischen von Schwermetallsalzen in Wasser hergestellt werden, häu fig fallen jedoch in Industrieanlagen bereits Konzentrate an, insbesondere in der uraner zaufbereitenden und uranverarbeitenden Industrie.This is achieved in a particularly reliable manner with uranium and radium. The concentrates can NEN are made by dissolving and mixing heavy metal salts in water However, concentrates are already produced in industrial plants, especially in uranium processing and uranium processing industry.
Erfindungsgemäß werden Konzentrate von Schwermetallverbindungen - dies können Sul fate, Carbonate, Bicarbonate, Chloride oder zahlreiche andere Anionen sein - welche 0,01 bis 40 g/l, bevorzugt 0,1 bis 25 g/l und besonders bevorzugt 1 bis 15 g/l an diesen Verbin dungen enthalten, mit Aschen gemischt.According to the invention, concentrates of heavy metal compounds - Sul can fate, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides or numerous other anions - which are 0.01 up to 40 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 25 g / l and particularly preferably 1 to 15 g / l of this compound doses, mixed with ashes.
Die Erstarrungsverhalten bzw. Erhärtungsverhalten von Asche-/Schwermetallsalzlösungen sind stark abhängig von den Inhaltsstoffen wie Chlorid, Sulfat, Karbonat und deren Konzen tration in der Schwermetallsalzlösung. Aus diesem Grund verläuft die Erstarrung/Erhärtung häufig unkontrolliert.The solidification behavior or hardening behavior of ash / heavy metal salt solutions are heavily dependent on the ingredients such as chloride, sulfate, carbonate and their concentrations tration in the heavy metal salt solution. For this reason, the solidification / hardening takes place often uncontrolled.
Um die gewünschte Immobilisierung, d. h. die Fixierung der Schwermetalle als schwerlösli che Verbindung und/oder Einbindung der Schwermetalle in das Kristallgitter der neu gebil deten Mineralphasen sicherzustellen, muß die Asche neben ausreichenden Mengen, näm lich beginnend mit < 5 Gew.-% bis zum 25 Gew.-%, an freiem CaO enthalten. Üblicherweise enthält die Braunkohlenflugasche weitere typische Inhaltsstoffe wie z. B. SiO₂, CaO, SO₃, Fe₂O₃ und Al₂O₃.To achieve the desired immobilization, i.e. H. the fixation of heavy metals as poorly soluble che connection and / or integration of the heavy metals in the crystal lattice of the newly formed To ensure the mineral phases, the ash must be present in sufficient quantities, näm Lich starting with <5 wt .-% up to 25 wt .-%, of free CaO. Usually does the brown coal fly ash contain other typical ingredients such as B. SiO₂, CaO, SO₃, Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃.
Der Ascheanteil bezogen auf einen Gewichtsteil Konzentrat sollte wenigstens 0,5 Gewichts teile betragen. Grundsätzlich kann der Ascheanteil beliebig hoch sein. Eine Menge bis zu 1,5 Gewichtsteil bezogen auf ein Gewichtsteil Konzentrat ist jedoch von besonderem Vorteil.The ash content based on one part by weight of concentrate should be at least 0.5 weight parts amount. Basically, the ash content can be as high as you like. A lot up to However, 1.5 parts by weight based on one part by weight of concentrate is special Advantage.
Erfindungsgemäß ist es von Vorteil, dem Konzentrat/Asche-Gemisch Zement zuzumischen, wobei ebenfalls die gewünschte Immobilisierung eintritt.According to the invention, it is advantageous to add cement to the concentrate / ash mixture, the desired immobilization also occurs.
Bezogen auf ein Gewichtsteil Asche kann der Zementanteil bis zu 0,5 Gewichtsteilen betra gen. Der Mischung können handelsübliche Erstarrungsverzögerer, wie z. B. solche auf Phosphatbasis zugegeben werden. Hierdurch wird die Verarbeitung erleichtert und ein vorzeitiges Erstarren verhindert.Based on one part by weight of ash, the cement portion can be up to 0.5 part by weight The mixture can be commercially available solidification retarders, such as. B. such Phosphate base can be added. This makes processing easier and easier premature solidification prevented.
Wird ein Gemisch von Konzentrat und Asche und Zement währen 3 bis 60 Minuten, bevor zugt während 5 bis 30 Minuten, auf 30 bis 60°C, bevorzugt auf 35 bis 45°C, erhitzt, so tritt neben der Immobilisierung eine kontrollierte verkürzte Erstarrung ein, die zu einer erhebli chen Verbesserung des Produktionsablaufes führt. A mixture of concentrate and ash and cement will last 3 to 60 minutes before added for 5 to 30 minutes, heated to 30 to 60 ° C, preferably to 35 to 45 ° C, occurs in addition to immobilization, a controlled shortening of solidification, which leads to Chen improvement of the production process leads.
Durch die kontrollierte Verfestigung des Konzentrat/Asche-Gemischs, das ggf. Zement enthalten kann, können beliebig geformte Körper erzeugt werden durch Einfüllen des Gemischs in Formen, wobei man die befüllten Formen direkt, z. B. durch Infrarotbestrahlung, Konvektion, induktive Beheizung und andere Beheizungsmethoden, erhitzen kann.Through the controlled solidification of the concentrate / ash mixture, the cement if necessary can contain, arbitrarily shaped bodies can be generated by filling the Mixture in forms, the filled forms directly, e.g. B. by infrared radiation, Heat convection, induction heating and other heating methods can.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1995138839 DE19538839A1 (en) | 1995-10-19 | 1995-10-19 | Immobilising heavy metals, especially radioactive heavy metals |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1995138839 DE19538839A1 (en) | 1995-10-19 | 1995-10-19 | Immobilising heavy metals, especially radioactive heavy metals |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE19538839A1 true DE19538839A1 (en) | 1997-04-24 |
Family
ID=7775196
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE1995138839 Ceased DE19538839A1 (en) | 1995-10-19 | 1995-10-19 | Immobilising heavy metals, especially radioactive heavy metals |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE19538839A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1942770A (en) * | 1932-10-17 | 1934-01-09 | Rostone Inc | Fly ash structural material |
DE2845128A1 (en) * | 1977-10-19 | 1979-04-26 | Stablex Ag | METHOD FOR TREATING TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS WASTE |
DE3039660A1 (en) * | 1980-10-21 | 1982-04-29 | Guenther Dr Heide | METHOD FOR THE DAMAGED DEPOSIT OF THICKEN ACID ON LAND |
WO1989002294A1 (en) * | 1987-09-08 | 1989-03-23 | Inca Baustofftechnik Gmbh | Process for removing salt-containing dusts |
DE3835140A1 (en) * | 1988-10-15 | 1990-04-19 | Walter Eirich | METHOD FOR PRODUCING LEAK-OUT AGGLOMERATES |
DE4040804A1 (en) * | 1990-12-14 | 1992-06-17 | Peter Doehler | Radioactive sealant for underground cavities - uses brown coal filter ash as a bonding agent with other furnace wastes and additives |
-
1995
- 1995-10-19 DE DE1995138839 patent/DE19538839A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1942770A (en) * | 1932-10-17 | 1934-01-09 | Rostone Inc | Fly ash structural material |
DE2845128A1 (en) * | 1977-10-19 | 1979-04-26 | Stablex Ag | METHOD FOR TREATING TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS WASTE |
DE3039660A1 (en) * | 1980-10-21 | 1982-04-29 | Guenther Dr Heide | METHOD FOR THE DAMAGED DEPOSIT OF THICKEN ACID ON LAND |
WO1989002294A1 (en) * | 1987-09-08 | 1989-03-23 | Inca Baustofftechnik Gmbh | Process for removing salt-containing dusts |
DE3835140A1 (en) * | 1988-10-15 | 1990-04-19 | Walter Eirich | METHOD FOR PRODUCING LEAK-OUT AGGLOMERATES |
DE4040804A1 (en) * | 1990-12-14 | 1992-06-17 | Peter Doehler | Radioactive sealant for underground cavities - uses brown coal filter ash as a bonding agent with other furnace wastes and additives |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
8131 | Rejection |