DE19528168A1 - Heat-exchanger esp for vehicle cooling system - has hollow chamber arrangement with network of recesses woven or arranged in all spatial directions in grid structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The heat-exchanger (10) has a head conductive body (11,12) and a hollow chamber arrangement associated with the heat conductive body (11,12). A gaseous of fluid heat conductive medium flows through the hollow chamber arrangement. The heat conductive body has a three dimensional grid structure. The hollow chamber arrangement is passed through by a network of recesses. The network is entwined or woven into the grid structure in all spatial directions. The heat conductive body preferably has a uniform structure. The network preferably also has a uniform construction. The heat conductive body may be formed of several three dimensional grid elements with pairs of V-shaped element parts running in two perpendicular planes.

Description

The present invention relates to a Heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1, further to one of two or more such heat exchangers constructed heat exchanger arrangement according to the preamble of Claim 10 and a method for producing a electrical heat exchanger according to the preamble of Claim 12.

Heat exchangers are known in many ways for example in radiators in motor vehicles Heat recovery systems, for electrical Power modules and the like. In all cases, an attempt is made to  due to a large surface the best possible and to obtain effective heat transfer. With electrical Components, for example, results in the construction volume of the electrical component of oversized cooling fins. Furthermore, such heat exchangers generally have a preferred installation position so that the heat conduction medium can attack accordingly. How about the electrical Components already mentioned are today's heat exchangers not to be carried out arbitrarily small-volume. In other words, is the heat exchanger performance per heat exchanger volume unsatisfactory.

The object of the present invention is a Heat exchanger and one of two or more of such Heat exchangers manufactured to heat exchanger assembly create the high demands Heat exchanger capacity or performance at comparatively low volume and weight and the can be made smaller than before. Furthermore, a method for producing a such heat exchanger or a heat exchanger arrangement be created, the little labor-intensive is.

To solve this problem are in a heat exchanger mentioned type or in a heat exchanger arrangement mentioned type or in a process for the latter  Production in claim 1 or in claim 10 or in Claim 12 provided features.

With the measures according to the invention is a heat exchanger created a large surface in relation to the has its own construction volume. This is essentially due to the fact that the heat conduction body from a network essentially uniformly traversed by recesses or is interwoven. Any can be used as the heat conduction medium gaseous or used in heat exchanger technology liquid medium can be used.

The production of such heat exchangers can Laser-made recesses also advantageously applied to electrical and electronic components will. Such heat exchangers can also be integrated Part of such an electrical or electronic component are provided. The production of heat exchangers in which the recesses are cylindrical are essentially uniform because of the Surface of the circular recesses especially advantageous.

Further advantages of the measures according to the invention lie in that the heat exchanger performance per unit weight of Heat exchanger significantly improved and the heat gradient is bigger. The fact that the convection of the  Heat conduction medium in the heat conduction body in all Directions is the same, there is a complete Independence of the installation position of the heat exchanger. It can Heat exchanger of almost any external shape in the same can be produced more easily and quickly. At the same time, heat exchanger arrangements with several insulated heat exchanger circuits made from one piece without this being an additional Manufacturing effort required.

Further preferred configurations of the invention result themselves from the respective subclaims.

Further details of the invention are as follows See description in which the invention based on the embodiments shown in the drawing is described and explained. Show it:

Fig. 1 a first embodiment of the present in a partially broken perspective view of a heat exchanger according to the invention;

Fig. 1A is an enlarged perspective view of a grid element of one of the individual structures of FIG. 1;

FIG. 1B shows an enlarged representation corresponding to FIG. 1;

Fig. 2 is a side view according to arrow II of Figure 1, but dash-dotted and schematically added to a heat exchanger.

Fig. 3 is a plan view according to arrow III of Fig. 1;

FIG. 4 shows a side view according to arrow IV of FIG. 1 offset by 90 ° compared to FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the present in a partially broken perspective view of a heat exchanger according to the invention;

Fig. 6 is a side view according to arrow VI of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a plan view according to arrow VII of Fig. 5;

Fig. 8 is an image displayed on a cube-shaped blank as a starting workpiece drilling scheme for preparing the cavity arrangement for a heat exchanger, but according to a third and fourth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 shows, in broken representation, a schematic plan view corresponding to FIG. 3 of the heat conduction body according to the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 10 in an enlarged perspective view of a grid element of the thermally conductive body according to the third embodiment;

Fig. 11 u. 12 each shows a side view corresponding to FIG. 2 in broken form, but schematically and from two mutually perpendicular sides of the heat conduction body for a heat exchanger according to the third exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the heat conduction body produced from an elongated cube-shaped blank present for a heat exchanger according to the fourth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 14A, B and C. Figures 9, 11 and 12 corresponding fragmentary views of the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 15 is an image represented at a cube-shaped blank as a starting workpiece drilling scheme for preparing the cavity arrangement for a heat exchanger, but according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 16A, B and C in Figs. 9, 11 and 12 corresponding fragmentary views of the fifth embodiment.

The heat exchanger or heat exchanger arrangement 10 or 110 or 210 or 310 or 410 shown in the drawing according to five exemplary embodiments in the form of a spatial heat conducting body 11 , 12 or 111 or 211 or 311 or 311 or 311 or 311 or 311 or 311 or 311 or 311 or 311 or 311 or 311 or 311 or 311 or 311 or 411 represents a single heat exchanger or a heat exchanger block composed of two or more heat exchangers. The heat conduction body 11 and 12 or 111 or 211 or 211 or 311 or 411 with its cavity arrangement 27 is constructed in such a way that it has a spatially three-dimensional grid-like structure is interspersed or woven through a network of essentially the same or group-like recesses in all spatial directions.

In the embodiment of a heat exchanger 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, which only serves to describe the basic spatial structure, the heat conduction body is constructed from two identical individual structures 11 and 12 , each of which is constructed from a multiplicity of grid elements 15 , according to is formed Fig. 1A, each grating element 15 by two approximately V-shaped element part pairs 16 and 17, which lie in mutually perpendicular planes to each other and which are connected together with one another in a node 18. Each V-shaped element part pair 16 , 17 has two identically designed web-like element parts 19 and 20 or 21 and 22 , which are located in the same plane and each diverge from the node 18 at a certain angle a. The lattice element 15 can be viewed as a symmetrical radiation-shaped structure, the node 18 of which runs the center of a cube and the web-like element parts 19 to 22 of each diagonal corners of a plurality of cube surfaces. As a result, the web-like element parts 19 to 22 of the element part pair 16 and 17, starting from the node 18 , each form the same angle between them and have the same lengths. In the illustrated embodiment, the cross section of the web-like element parts 19 and 20 or 21 and 22 is square; however, any other cross section, for example a round or hexagonal cross section, can be selected. The ends 25 of the web-like element parts 19 to 22 are each connected or in one piece to ends of adjacent web-like element parts of further grid elements 15 , so that the (spatially) three-dimensional grid-like structure results from a multiplicity of grid elements 15 arranged one above the other, one above the other and next to one another. It is understood that the choice of the number of grid elements 15 in the three directions of the room depends on the desired external dimensions of the heat exchanger 10 .

The nesting of the individual structures 11 and 12 in all spatial directions to the heat exchanger 10 takes place in this exemplary embodiment either in such a way that first the individual grid elements 15 of the individual structures 11 and 12 are three-dimensionally nested in one another and then connected to the neighboring lattice elements 15 , which are also three-dimensionally nested one inside the other will. The construction of the heat exchanger 10 can also be carried out in such a way that first a single structure 11 or 12 is built up in its lattice structure and that pairs of V-shaped element parts 16 and 17 which are joined together are then produced separately and these as longitudinal and transverse rows 23 and 24 to form the other individual structure 12 or 11 in the lattice structure of one individual structure 11 or 12 three-dimensionally and then connected to each other. In order to keep the individual structures 11 and 12 at the intended distance, for example, near opposite ends of the heat exchanger 10 , as shown by way of example only in FIG. 2, end plates 31 , 32 are attached or cast on.

If a heat exchanger arrangement is to be constructed from two or more cells or individual heat exchangers, this can be done in a simple manner by introducing a plastic intermediate wall 34 , indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 2, at least in a parting plane 33 which tightly encompasses the web-like element parts 19 to 22 of the individual structures 11 , 12 and thereby results in a tight separation between the, for example, two cavities of the cavity arrangement 27 . As a result, different heat conduction media can be used in the two heat exchanger cells 36 and 37 . Instead of the "vertical" separation shown in phantom in FIG. 2, a "horizontal" separation of the heat exchanger arrangement into two or more cells can also take place.

The selection of the material for the heat conduction body 11 , 12 and the selection of the heat conduction medium (gaseous / liquid) can be carried out in a manner known per se.

In the exemplary embodiment of the heat exchanger 110 shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the three-dimensional lattice-like structure of the heat conduction body 111 is likewise likewise formed in a uniform configuration and in each case one-by-one arrangement of individual lattice elements 115 constructed from web-like element parts 119 to 122 , the V of which attaches to the nodes 118 -shaped element part pairs 116 and 117 are not uniform in cross-section due to the special manufacturing process.

In this exemplary embodiment, the heat conducting body 110 is produced, for example, from an elongated cuboid material, such as a rod material. Depending on the final shape of the heat exchanger to be achieved, however, the starting material or the raw body can have a spatial shape of any type and size adapted to this desired final shape, that is to say also of any irregular shape. To simplify the illustration, the manufacture of the heat exchanger 110 is described using a cube.

The cube is provided from three mutually perpendicular sides, for example from sides 150 , 151 and 152, with a plurality of rows 153 and 154 in each case of through bores in the cavity arrangement. The adjacent rows of holes 153 and 154 in such a manner provided with bores 155 and 156, the bores 155 and 156 of adjacent rows of bores are arranged offset to each other 153 and 154 from each side of 150 to 152. In other words, the bores 155 , 156 of adjacent rows of bores 153 , 154 are also in a row in the diagonal direction of each side of the cube. As a result, the individual through bores 155 and 156 on all three sides 150 to 152 penetrate each other in a correspondingly offset manner. Furthermore, bores 157 and 158 are made in several parallel rows from two mutually perpendicular diagonal directions A and B, ie at an angle of 45 ° to side 150 and 151 on the one hand and to side 150 and a side 162 opposite to side 151 on the other, whereby the rows of one diagonal direction A to those of the other diagonal direction B are also offset from one another.

Under a certain condition, it is sufficient to drill the starting or raw body from two mutually perpendicular planes and from two mutually perpendicular diagonal directions, for example. The directions A and B, namely when the bore diameter is so large that the Separate individual structures from each other. The prerequisite for this is that the bores each have the same diameter d. In other words, d <h / √, where h is half the distance between the centers of two bores 155 , 156 adjacent to a node 118 , must hold ( FIG. 6). If, on the other hand, d is significantly smaller, drilling must be carried out from even more sides or diagonals.

This results in lattice-like individual structures for the heat conducting body 111 , which are held together at a uniform distance by side wall disks, of which only the side wall or bottom disk 160 is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The other side wall panels are omitted for clarity.

As mentioned, the webs 119 to 122 of the grid elements 115 have a uniformly changing cross section. The cross-section can be made more uniform by incorporating further rows of holes at 45 ° to the top 152 from one or two directions perpendicular to one another. In this way, work can be carried out to standardize the cavity arrangement 127 or the network of the recesses in all areas.

The base plate 160 and / or one or more of the side plates (not shown) can be used, for example, for fastening the heat exchanger 110 .

It is also straightforward in this exemplary embodiment possible the heat exchanger in two or more cells thereby to divide that partitions to separate the two or more cell spaces are provided.  

In the third exemplary embodiment of a heat exchanger 210 shown in FIGS. 8 to 12, the lattice-like structure of the heat-conducting body 211 is likewise formed in a uniform configuration and in each case one-by-one arrangement of individual lattice elements 215 constructed from web-like element parts 219 to 222 , the V elements of which attach to the nodes 218 shaped element part pairs 216 and 217 are uniform in cross-section due to a manufacturing process somewhat different from the embodiment of FIGS. 5 to 7, as is provided in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4 and can be seen in FIG. 10.

In this third exemplary embodiment, the heat exchanger 210, like the heat exchanger 110 in FIGS . 5 to 7, is produced from a raw body of any spatial shape and size. For the sake of simplicity, this is shown on the rectangular raw body 245 according to FIG. 8.

The cuboid raw body 245 is provided from two mutually perpendicular sides 250 and 251 in the directions C 'and D' or C '' and D '' with several rows 253 and 254 of continuous recesses 255 and 256 , which are square here ( see Fig. 9, which also shows the view from the direction C '', D '' on the surface 251 ). The adjacent rows of recesses 253 and 254 are provided with square recesses 255 and 256 from each side 250 and 251 such that the recesses 255 and 256 of adjacent rows of recesses 253 and 254 are arranged offset to one another. Furthermore, as in the second exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 to 7, from two mutually perpendicular diagonal directions A 'and B' ago, ie at an angle of 45 ° to the side 250 and 251 on the one hand and to the side 250 and a side opposite the side 251 on the other hand, recesses 257 and 258 are introduced in a plurality of parallel rows, the rows of one diagonal direction A 'being offset from one another to those of the other diagonal direction B', as can be seen from FIGS. 11 and 12. These recesses 257 and 258 are hexagonal. All of these recesses 255 to 258 are cut into the raw body 245 by means of a laser, for example.

This arrangement of the recesses 255 to 258 results, as shown in FIGS. 9, 11 and 12, in the individual nodes 218 and the webs 219 to 222 emanating therefrom, which in cross-section have one except for the regions immediately adjacent to the nodes 218 , have regular hexagon shape ( Fig. 10). In this third exemplary embodiment too, the minimum number of planes or directions from which the recesses 255 to 258 have to be machined is determined by the cross-sectional area of the recesses. If, for example, one side of the square recesses 255 and 256 is designated with a and the hexagonal bores 257 and 258 have a narrow side with the size a, then at half the distance h between the recess centers, two recesses 255 adjacent via a node 218 result ( FIG. 9) the proviso that: a <h / √ must apply. The connecting lines between FIG. 9 and FIGS. 11 and 12 show on the one hand the offset arrangement of the recesses 255 to 258 and on the other hand the assignment of the center points of the recesses 255 to 258 to the centers of the webs 219 to 222 . In all three spatial axes there is a feed of 2 · h from a recess to the adjacent direction of the same direction A ′, B ′, C ′, D ′, C ′ ′ or D ′ ′. Furthermore, the arrows M in FIGS. 9, 11 and 12 show the assumed center of the heat conduction body 211 of the heat exchanger 210 which is provided with recesses in all spatial directions.

In this third exemplary embodiment as well as in the fourth exemplary embodiment according to FIGS . 13 and 14 to be described below, the starting material of the raw body 245 can be of any type suitable for the heat exchanger technology.

In the third embodiment of the present invention, the individual recesses can also be produced in such a way that the raw body 245 according to FIG. 8 after producing the recesses in the directions A ', B', C ', D' in an imaginary, dotted line here Diagonals 246 (or another) clamped and rotated around this diagonal in three steps at an angular distance of 120 °. After every 120 ° rotation, the recesses are worked in according to the directions A ', B', C 'and D'. If this type of incorporation of the recesses is carried out with cylindrical recesses in the form of bores, the distances between the surfaces of the web-like element parts 219 to 222 between the nodes 218 are equalized.

In the fourth exemplary embodiment of a heat exchanger 310 shown in FIG. 13 and the partial figures 14A to C, the lattice-like structure of the heat conduction body 311 is designed in accordance with the exemplary embodiment in FIGS . 5 to 7. In other words, in the fourth exemplary embodiment, the recesses 355 to 358 of the recess rows 353 and 354 are formed by bores which are cylindrical in cross section. The main difference between this fourth exemplary embodiment 310 and the aforementioned second exemplary embodiment lies in the multi-cell structure of the heat exchanger arrangement 310 .

The starting body is also an elongated cuboid, similar to the raw body 245 of FIG. 8. According to the drilling scheme shown there, the rows 353 , 354 of the cylindrical recesses 355 to 358 are in the directions A ', B', C ', D shown there ', C''andD''incorporated. These rows of recesses are set such that, as can be seen in FIG. 13, end walls 366 and 367 and a cell partition wall 365 result. The cell partition wall 365 results from the fact that there is a relative empty advance between the tool for producing the rows of recesses and the workpiece (raw body) by at least 3 hours. The same applies to the manufacture of the end walls 366 and 367 , which can be made thinner due to their flat outer surface. In this way, as shown in FIG. 13, the heat exchanger cells 336 and 337 result from the heat conduction body 311 on the left and right, between which the cell partition 365 is arranged. Incidentally, the Fig. 14 in all the further details and the arrangement of the recesses (holes) with reference to FIGS. 9, 11 and 12 directly comparable, the Fig. 14 also simultaneously view from the direction C '', D '' on surface 351 .

In the fifth exemplary embodiment of a heat exchanger 410 shown in FIG. 15 and the partial figures 16A to C, the lattice-like structure of the heat conduction body 411 is designed in accordance with the third exemplary embodiment of FIGS . 9 to 12. The adjacent rows of recesses 453 and 454 are provided with square recesses 455 and 456 from each side 450 and 451 in such a way that they are offset from one another, as is the case with the third exemplary embodiment mentioned and described above. In contrast to this third embodiment shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 are not only from the mutually perpendicular diagonal directions A 'and B' but also from directions E 'and F' offset twice parallel, that is, each at an angle of 45 ° to the sides 450 and 451 on the one hand and to the side 450 and a side opposite to the side 451 on the other hand, hexagonal recesses 457 and 458 are introduced in several parallel rows, here not only the rows of one diagonal direction A ′ to those of the other diagonal direction B ′ but also the rows of the diagonal direction E 'to the diagonal direction A' and the rows of the diagonal direction F 'to the diagonal direction B' and these, in turn, are arranged offset from one another, as can be seen from FIGS. 16B and 16C. The hexagonal recess 457 and 458 which, for example, are also cut by a laser in the green body 454, are so large that they related to the third embodiment of FIGS. 11 and 12 each two adjacent hexagonal recesses 257 and 258 include, as this is indicated by a dotted line at the lower end of FIG. 16C.

While the recesses 455 and 456 of the recess row 453 and 454 each require the tool to be advanced by 2 hours, the hexagonal recesses 457 and 458 each have to be advanced by 4 hours.

In this exemplary embodiment, too, individual knots 418 and webs 419 to 422 proceeding therefrom result, but the cavity arrangement in the heat conducting body 411 , which is formed by the recesses 455 to 458 , is no longer uniform. This exemplary embodiment can therefore advantageously be used when the lowest possible weight with webs 419 to 422 that can no longer be manufactured is important.

Also in this fifth embodiment of the present invention, the individual recesses, as described in the third embodiment, by rotating the raw body 445 section by section about the diagonal spatial axis 446 (or another) and incorporating the recesses according to the directions A ', B', C 'and D 'and E' and F 'are produced.

With the exception of the first embodiment, if the recesses are made using a laser tool, very small heat exchanger shapes up to in one electrical or electronic or even IC module integrated heat exchanger can be achieved. For example it is possible to use cooling plates or cooling fins of such  Building blocks directly with such Cavity arrangement or with such a network of To provide recesses.

Claims (15)

1. Heat exchanger ( 10 , 110 , 210 , 310 , 410 with a heat conduction body ( 11 , 12 ; 111 ; 211 ; 311 ; 411 ) and a cavity arrangement assigned to the heat conduction body, through which a gaseous and / or liquid heat conduction medium can flow, characterized that the heat transfer body (11, 12; 111; 211; 311; 411) has a three-dimensional lattice-like structure and in that the cavity arrangement by a network of recesses (27; 155-158; 255 to 258; 355 to 358; 455-458) is crossed, which is arranged or interwoven in all spatial directions in the grid-like structure. 2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat conduction body ( 11 , 12 ; 111 ; 211 ; 311 ; 411 ) has a uniform structure and the network of recesses ( 27 ; 155 to 158 ; 255 to 258 ; 355 to 358 ; 455 to 458 ) has a glazed structure. 3. Heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat conduction body ( 11 , 12 ; 111 ; 211 ; 311 ; 411 ) by a plurality of three-dimensional grid elements ( 15 ; 115 ; 215 ; 315 ) from a node ( 18 ; 118 ; 218 ; 318 ) is formed in two mutually perpendicular planes, approximately V-shaped, web-like element part pairs ( 16 , 17 ; 116 , 117 ; 216 , 217 ). 4. Heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that the approximately V-shaped, web-like element part pairs ( 16 , 17 ; 116 , 117 ; 216 , 217 ) at their respective ends ( 25 ) at least partially with further element part pairs or grid elements next to each other and / or are connected one above the other. 5. Heat exchanger according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the element parts of the element part pairs ( 16 , 17 ; 116 , 117 ; 216 , 217 ) by webs ( 19 to 22 ; 119 to 122 ; 219 to 222 ) with the same over the length - Or non-uniform cross-section are formed. 6. Heat exchanger according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the three-dimensional lattice-like structure of the heat conduction body ( 11 , 12 ) is partially nested three-dimensionally. 7. Heat exchanger according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the three-dimensional lattice-like structure of the heat conduction body ( 111 ; 211 ; 311 ; 411 ) by the provision of mutually offset, continuous recesses ( 155 to 158 ; 255 to 258 ; 355 to 358 ; 455 to 458 ) in at least two mutually perpendicular planes (150, 151; 250, 251; 350 , 351 ; 450 , 451 ) and at least in two planes (A, B) rotated by 45 ° in a raw body ( 245 ; 455 ) is formed. 8. Heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterized in that the recesses ( 155 to 158 ) are formed by bores. 9. Heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterized in that the recesses ( 255 to 258 ; 455 to 458 ) by square recesses from two mutually perpendicular directions (C ', D'; C '', D '') and by hexagonal recesses two mutually perpendicular diagonal directions (A, B; A ′, B ′) are formed and are preferably laser-cut. 10. From two or more heat exchangers ( 10 ; 110 ; 210 ; 310 ; 410 ) according to at least one of the preceding claims constructed heat exchanger arrangement, characterized in that the heat conduction body ( 11 , 12 ; 111 ; 211 ; 311 ; 411 ) in a vertical and / or the horizontal and / or diagonal plane is provided with at least one intermediate wall ( 34 ; 365 ). 11. Heat exchanger arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that the intermediate wall ( 365 ) is formed in that no holes or recesses are made in a corresponding plane of a raw body ( 245 ). 12. A method of manufacturing a heat exchanger according to at least one of claims 1 to 5 and 7 to 9, characterized by the incorporation of each other put through recesses in at least two mutually perpendicular levels and in at least two levels of a raw body offset by 45 ° Achieve a three-dimensional lattice-like structure of the heat conduction body and one of the Heat conduction body preferably evenly and in all spatial directions through the network of Recesses. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the raw body around a diagonal spatial axis in steps rotated by 120 ° each and with the recesses is provided.   14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized characterized in that in the heat conducting body Partition is formed in that in a corresponding recesses of the raw body level be introduced. 15. The method according to at least one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the recesses be drilled or laser cut.