DE1951268A1 - Method and device for welding, in particular for deep welding - Google Patents

Description

DR.MÜLLER-BORE DlPL. ^ LNe. 0RALFS DIPL.-PHYS. DR. MANITZ DIPL.-CHEM. DR. DEUFEL «951268

PATENT LAWYERS

October 10, 1969 Mak / Sv - P 2035

Jean-Pierre PEYEOT

8, Domaine du Bei Abord, CHILLX-MAZARIN (Essonne), Itankan

Method and device for welding, in particular for deep welding

The invention relates to the joining of parts by welding, i.e. deep welding, and more particularly to a method for welding with deposit metal by electron bombardment, which makes it possible to create flat or curved sheets to weld, which are separated by a very narrow groove.

The method according to the invention consists of the following steps:

Prepare the sand of the parts to be welded in the Way that the welding edge is very narrow or narrow, its width not exceeding 5 a * Ja, while its depth at least ten times as large as the width, supply of the deposit metal to the senses in a progressive way or discontinuously and generating an optionally oscillatory deflection of the electron beam inside the weld edge in such a way that fusing of the deposited metal with the band of the parts to be welded • is obtained.

009816/135 3

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The application metal is in the form of a metal strip, the broad side of which corresponds to the height of the welding edge or bevel is arranged, and the swinging or oscillating of the beam is made with the aid of a device generated, which is arranged such that there is a fixed connection with the cannon and in the interior of the Bevel penetrates.

The object of the invention is to improve the quality of the assembly, the deformations resulting from welding to reduce considerably and the welding speeds the thickness of the parts to be welded should not be subject to any restrictions whatsoever.

The invention also relates to heavy tank structures produced by means of the method according to the invention are, as well as arrangements or parts of such devices, which by means of certain steps of the invention Process are manufactured.

Further details and advantages of the invention are explained below, for example with reference to the drawing; in this show:

eds. 1 to 5 sectional views of the preparation of a

Connection according to the invention,

Figure 6 is a partial sectional view of a conventional one Turbine rotor, which consists of an arrangement of several forged parts,

the Bg.? and. 8 Sectional view of two stages of preparation the "confidentiality according to the invention of two elements of a turbine; rotors without internal access,

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9 and 10 corresponding views of a welding process with access from both sides,

FIG. 11 shows a partly broken schematic

matic view of an intermediate state bucket of straight welding by electron bombardment according to the invention,

Figure 12 is a corresponding view of a cylindrical Welding,

Figure 13 is a rear view of a welding machine for

Execution of the method according to the invention,

FIG. 14 shows a side view of the device according to FIG

15 and 16/30 ° rotated schematic views of a

Welding according to the invention with deflection of the electron beam by a magnetic field ,

FIG. 17 shows a view of FIG. 16 corresponding to FIG

Oscillation of the beam by a magnetic field, and

FIG. 18 shows a top view of the device according to FIG.

which shows the electron beam with a negative polarity of one of the plates, which creates an electric field.

To connect "two parts showing great strength through According to the invention, welding is carried out in the following or an analogous way:

Fig. 1 shows two parts 1 and 2 which are to be connected to one another by welding. The welding edge or welding bevel is provided with a support extension 5, which either has straight edges or is preferably provided with a small recess 4-, which optionally a Allows centering of the parts. Furthermore, there are two parallel edges, which the opening 5 of the welding edge,

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or limit welding groove, the width of which, for example, below

5 mm is held for parts to be welded 1 and 2, whose Thickness "E" is greater than 150 mm. The relation between the depth of the welding edge "p" (without including the support shoulder 3) and its width "1" can be at least be equal to 10. The lower limit width of the edge can be reduced to about 1 mm if of the invention Procedure is used, and this reduction depends essentially on the qualities of the Electron optics.

If the parts are precisely arranged in their mutual position, the first welding phase corresponds to the process is commonly referred to as applying the bottom weld, and two cases can be considered are, according to which pages 6 and 7 are either accessible on both sides at the moment of welding or only one of them is accessible.

In the first case, where the two sides are accessible (Fig. 1 to 5) the welding can be done from above on the surface

6 begin if a metal plate or metal plate 8 has previously been attached to this surface 6 of the connection whose task is to prevent subsequent wear and tear, the presence of channels or gutters would require. (Fig. _3) · After a welding

or this position in this first step / in the direction of the .'Pf eiles f ,,, in which a complete penetration of the support extension 3 of the two parts 1 and 2 takes place, by grinding the Board or plate 8 (Fig. 4) eliminated and there are any approaches 9 and the rear end of the weld bead 10 scraped off, the possibly irregular shape owns.

0 9 B · " ■ ' 1 3 S 3

_ 5 -

In this way, the state shown in FIG. 4 is reached. Mg. 5 represents a variant in which the penetration of the weld extends only over a part 11, which is slightly greater than half the height of the support extension 12.

The depth "h" of this first working layer changes accordingly the electron guns used, and it will be around 20 to JO mm in the case of a gun of 10 kW with a welding speed of the order of 50 cm per minute for stainless steel.

The maximum penetration that can be achieved in a single operation is due to the power and capabilities of the electron gun as well as the quality of the Weld limited. This quality depends, among other things, on the power supplied and the content of dissolved gases or on volatile elements of the metal. Experience shows that at present stainless steel is safe and sound Penetration of 50 can now be obtained, though certain guns of about 60 kW were used with a welding speed of the order of a meter per minute will.

The welding deformation during this first step or this one The first layer is limited to a shrinkage of the order of 3/10 of a mm for non-clamped ones Stainless steel parts and for a molten metal width (or weld bead width) of approximately 3 inches. This shrinkage can be predetermined with accuracy and is of no angular opening or angular deformation accompanied when the cross section of the weld bead 10 has parallel edges. It is known that this welding by electron bombardment under a secondary vacuum or even under

Primary-

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vacuum occurs, provided that the electron gun is accelerated 13 (between the cathode and anode there is a cannon type PIERCE) is kept under secondary vacuum. When carrying out the weld, which is not shown here, is preferred for heavy parts or spatial, to gpcoBe parts the cannon moves with respect to the parts! - and it is desirable to use Saugkannaeim (Elenekamimerii) Make use of where the vacuum space is at the one to be welded Connection and in its immediate Maine to everyone the sides of the parts is limited.

When this first welding step starting from the surface by means of a conventional electric arc id.it Wolfraeelelectrode would be carried out without application metal (process TIG), the maximum penetration would be about 8 mm with a Melting zone width in the same order of magnitude "at a butt joint without a weld edge - with these Conditions are tensions and expansions unclamped parts larger than acceptable, namely in most cases. However, it can also change the depth of penetration prove to be insufficient if very heavy parts may have to be moved or shifted, to enable full strength welding starting from the other side 7. It is; apparently possible to these first welding gases, through some work steps using order metal starting from ¥ © n the same side in such a way as to complete that one Welding thickness of about 20 mm is obtained, which is practical allows any handling, even of very heavy parts.

If only one side is accessible, e.g. in the case of the welding of turbine rotors from an assembly a certain number of forged files 23 of the large

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Thickness consist (Eig- 6), ordered the only known technique the concentration in welding with an electric arc, However, this requires that some holes 14- provided are, which open into the individual cavities 15 and are intended to protect the rear bath Allow introduction of a gas and visual monitoring.

If these holes are used to create the vacuum inside the cavities 1 ^, starting from the side 7 can be welded by electron bombardment (Pig.?) The The beam hits the bottom of the welding edge 16 on the set 3 * which serves as a support for parts 1 and 2. In this case, in which side 6 is not accessible, it is not possible to sand the back later the weld bead 1? undertake, and the welding parameters must therefore be regulated in a very precise manner, "in order to to get a regular backside (Fig. 8).

FIGS. 9 and 10 show an embodiment variant in which use is made of the same technology, although it is assumed that access from both sides is possible. "The first work step starting from side 6 has already been carried out (Fig. 5), the part is turned over (ELg. '9)? And the attachment is completely welded, without application metal from side 7 (Fig. 10) in Sighting the arrow f ^ ·

or the situation completed When the operation on the floor 18 is / has been carried out, the Welding edge or welding bevel 19 are filled. This welding edge is particularly tight. As already stated, it follows that the welding deformations can be reduced as well as the state of tension. However, such configurations are not suitable for welding according to the known prior art.

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In the method according to the invention, electron bombardment is used Made use, taking advantage of the fact that the electron beam in a certain way when it passes inside the Welding edge is refocalized and that the frontal distance or working distance between the bottom of the last Focussing lens and the surface of the bath is practically not limited, since it is known that certain welds carried out with a distance of the cannon of more than 900 mm could become.

Filling out the welding edge is carried out in a conventional manner with the help of ^Ji uftragsmetall.

An advantage of electron bombardment is that it does not require a protective flux (slag), which is extremely difficult would have to be eliminated between each welding operation in such a narrow welding groove. There is another advantage in the achievable welding speed and the amount of molten metal, since the increased performance is then local Are available.

According to the invention, the application metal preferably consists of a metal strip, the thickness of which is approximately the width of the Corresponds to the welding edge or the welding gap. This deposit metal is either attached before each welding process (Fig. 11) or fed in continuously (Fig. 17) The application metal in the form of a MetaHand enables the best use of the increased performance, which can be emitted by the electron beams, as well as the realization of welding layers of considerable Strength. FIGS. 11 and 12 give an idea of these two modes of operation and each show a welding mig with a straight welding edge and a weld with a cylindrical welding edge.

009816/1353

The JFig. 13 and 14 show a schematic diagram of a Device for performing a cylindrical weld in a part containing the parts to be welded Vacuum container, which is described below.

Fig. 13 shows an electron gun 20 which is in a Under the primary vacuum container 21 opens, in which the part to be welded 22, which is to fill an annular welding edge 23, can rotate between holding spindles 24. The drive shaft 25 enters the container 21 via hermetically sealed seals 26 and its rotation is controlled by a motor 27.

The welding process is monitored by a side scanner 28. The drive device is mounted on a table 29 which can slide on a bench 30.

The primary vacuum is obtained by a conventional primary vacuum source 31 guaranteed while a usual ROOTS pump 32, which is controlled by a motor 33, by means of a pipe 3 ^ and the actual secondary pump 35 ensures a secondary vacuum in the acceleration chamber 13 via the channel of the line 36.

The application metal in the form of a band 37 is supplied from a take-up drum 67 coming ο

The belt 37 driven by a motor 38 runs between Roles 39? mounted on a device 40 which is raised progressively in the direction of arrow f in the course of the filling process.

A difficulty that arises is to get the deposit metal 37 (or 41) with the Walls of the welding edge 19 in a satisfactory manner

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connects. Bonding is to be feared if the surface of the welding edge does not melt locally. To do this avoid, according to the invention, the beam 42 of the surface 4-J or 44- of the welding edge at the level of the weld pool approximated (Figs. 15 and 16). Due to the depth of the welding edge and its confinement, this operation cannot be carried out in a satisfactory manner by displacing the cannon 20 especially because there is a refocusing within the welding edge, i.e. the welding gap of the beam must take place. For this reason, according to the invention, a deflection of the beam 4-2 from a Height 4-5 at causes the deep inside the sweat to split it as close as possible to the effective welding point. Because in this way the electron beam is curved This curvature of the beam allows the creation of good, quality welds by adding the energy is concentrated in the wall cavities 4-6 of the molten metal near the sides 4-3 and 44 of the weld gap.

If necessary, an oscillation is effected in such a way that that the bath is deflected from one edge to the other in the course of the weld. In Fig. 15 is the shape of the weld bead with their bottom layer 4-7 and the beginning of the guide 48 can be seen. '.

The distraction is caused by the electromagnetic Changed field inside the welding gap by means of a miniaturized device which penetrates into the interior of the gap. Fig. 16 shows a weld carried out in the direction of the arrow f ^, in the form of a sectional view corresponding to the bisector of the welding gap. The parts are at 49 already welded, the beam is on the deposit metal 50 moves, the cavity 5Ί ι its walls molten metal is formed by the build-up

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hit the electron beam 42. Two pole pieces 52 and 53> which for example consist of ferrite magnets, generate a magnetic field which deflects the beam in a direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 16, i.e. towards one of the sides of the welding gap. The magnets 52 and 53 are connected to the cannon 20 by one Arm 5 ^ held.

Another miniaturized device which creates an electric field perpendicular to the sides of the weld gap can also be used. This device then consists of two insulating plates 55 and 56 (FIG. 17), which carry two conductive supports 57 "and 58, which are alternately negatively polarized and in this way repel _{the beam 42 one after the other according to the arrows f 1 - and f fi.} FIG. 17 shows a sectional view corresponding to the bisector of the welding gap, wherein a weld with deposit metal 50 can be seen, which corresponds to a negative polarization of the conductive part 58 <ier FIG. 18.

- patent claims -

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Claims (10)

Pat ent of sayings ./ machine for welding with deposit metal by electron bombardment, marked by a vacuum container (21) ', an electron gun (20), a motor (27), a control shaft (25) inserted into the vacuum container (21) through hermetically sealed seals (26), chuck for wedging or clamping the part to be welded (22), as well as a base (30) with / ippen (29), the shaft (25) driving the part (22) to be welded, ir. the narrow channel (23) of the welding edge to be welded (5) is replenished by successive, electronically welded to the surface of the welded edges and among each other Jobs where the fineness of this groove or the ratio of depth to width is at least 10 is. 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that that at the height (45) within the welding edges (5) by means of magnets (52 and 53) a deflection of the beam (42) is caused to operate successively along the sides (43 and 44) of the welding edge (5) Blending of the welding edges (5) with the application metal (48). 3 · Machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the filling of the welding edge (5) takes place in a straight line by means of an application metal in strip form (41), the thickness of which is approximately the width of the Welding edge, or the welding gap, 'the broad side of this band corresponding to the height of the Welding gap is arranged and one after the other each band corresponds to a welding layer. 009816/1353 4. Machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the filling of the welding gap in a circular shape by means of a metal band (37) which comes from a drum (67) into a welding gap (23) is wound in an annular groove shape. '}. Machine according to Claim 2, characterized in that the deflection caused by the magnets (52 and 53) "oscillates periodically. 6. Machine according to claim 2, characterized marked eichn e t that the deflection is effected by a miniaturized device (52, 53) "which is operated by one with the Cannon (20) connected arm (54) is held. 7. Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that e t that the device (52, 53) allows electrical or electromagnetic fields to take effect. 8. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that that the vacuum container (21) is connected to a primary vacuum source (31) and that the acceleration zone (13) the cannon (20) with a secondary vacuum source (35) connected is. 9. Solid part, which consists of parts which are welded by means of a machine according to claim 1, characterized g e k ennz eichnet that elements (1) 2) are present on which the surfaces of a welding edge (5) are provided are that the groove of this welding edge has a ratio between the depth and its width that is greater than 10, the width between 1 and 5 mm and the thickness of the elements is greater than 150 mm. 009816/1353 10. Process for the production of a solid part by welding two elements by means of electron beam shot, thereby g ekennz eichnet that each of the two parts to be welded together (1 and 2) with a Support ansät ζ (3) and a welding edge is provided that the arrangement (5) of the welding edges of the two parts if the support lugs (J) are in mutual contact Ratio of depth "p" to width "1" of at least equal to 10, so that the width "1" and 5 mm are not exceeds that the .Werschweißung the surfaces of the support lugs (3) by means of the beam (42) of an electron gun (20) takes place in order to connect the parts (1 and 2), which are in contact along the support lugs (3), to one another, that then the welding gap (5) is progressively filled with an application metal (37), in_dem inside the Welding gap (19) a deflection of the beam is effected in order to merge the surfaces (43 and 44) the welding edge (19) ndL * to reach the application metal (37). 009818/1353 AS
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