DE1947539A1 - Process for the liquefaction of gas mixtures - Google Patents

Process for the liquefaction of gas mixtures

Info

Publication number
DE1947539A1
DE1947539A1 DE19691947539 DE1947539A DE1947539A1 DE 1947539 A1 DE1947539 A1 DE 1947539A1 DE 19691947539 DE19691947539 DE 19691947539 DE 1947539 A DE1947539 A DE 1947539A DE 1947539 A1 DE1947539 A1 DE 1947539A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
gas
gas mixture
coolant
mol
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE19691947539
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Peter Spencer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Products and Chemicals Inc
Original Assignee
Air Products and Chemicals Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Products and Chemicals Inc filed Critical Air Products and Chemicals Inc
Publication of DE1947539A1 publication Critical patent/DE1947539A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0257—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/009—Hydrocarbons with four or more carbon atoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F25J1/0268—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer using a dedicated refrigeration means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/40—Features relating to the provision of boil-up in the bottom of a column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/74—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being (a mixture of) hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/40—One fluid being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/18—External refrigeration with incorporated cascade loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/66—Closed external refrigeration cycle with multi component refrigerant [MCR], e.g. mixture of hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Description

Air Products Ltd. ' . 240/439 ίAir Products Ltd. '. 240/439 ί

Verfahren zur Verflüssigung von GasgemischenProcess for the liquefaction of gas mixtures

Die Erfindung "betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verflüssigung von Gasgemischen unter Verwendung eines aus mehreren Komponenten "bestehenden Kühlmittelfluidums in Form eines Gasgemisches, dessen Bestandteile auch Bestandteile des zu verflüssigenden Gasgemisches sind, jedoch nicht notwendigerweise in den gleichen Mengenverhältnissen zueinander wie diese vorzuliegen "brauohen.The invention "relates to a process for liquefaction of gas mixtures using a "multi-component" coolant fluid in the form of a Gas mixture, the constituents of which are also constituents of the gas mixture to be liquefied, but not necessarily to be present in the same proportions to one another as these "brewing".

Bs ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung, "bei Verflüssigungsverfahren dieser Art erhebliohe Verbesserungen zu erzielen* 'Bs is the aim of the present invention, "in liquefaction processes to achieve significant improvements in this way * '

Die Erfindung besteht in ihrem wesentlichen MerkmalThe invention consists in its essential feature

.1)098-1771661.- ..._...1) 098-1771661.- ..._ ..

ORIGINAL JNSPECTEDORIGINAL JNSPECTED

darin, daß zumindest ein nicht zu den Bestandteilen des zu verflüssigenden Gasgemison.es gehörendes fremdes Gas in das Kühlmittel-Gasgemisch zur Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades eingeführt ist.in the fact that at least one foreign gas that does not belong to the constituents of the gas mixture to be liquefied enters the Coolant-gas mixture is introduced to improve the efficiency.

Dabei hat sich bei der Verflüssigung von Naturgasen herausgestellt, daß als fremdes Gas vorteilhaft Äthylen verwendet werden kann. In diesem Pail werden zweckmäßigerweise die Anteile von Butan und Propan in dem Kühlmittel-GfasgemisTsh— dergestalt bemessen, daß die Kühl- und Heizkurven des Systems thermodynamisch in passender Beziehung stehen.It has been found in the liquefaction of natural gases that ethylene is advantageously used as a foreign gas can be. In this pail are expedient the proportions of butane and propane in the coolant gas mixture dimensioned so that the cooling and heating curves of the system are thermodynamically in a suitable relationship.

·. Ein anderes Merkmal'der Erfindung besteht darin, daß das Kühlmittel-Gasgemisch nach Kompression mittels eines geschlossenen Kreislaufs seibat gekühlt wird, wobei eines der Bestandteile des Gasgemisohes als Kühlmittel verwendet wird. Im Falle der Verflüssigung von Naturgas besteht dieser Bestandteil vorteilhafterweise aus Butan. Die Verwendung eines solchen geschlossenen Butan-Kreislaufes erhöht neben- ~ bei die Wirksamkeit, sein Hauptzweok ist jedoch eine unabhängige äußere Temperatursteuerung des Kühlmittel-Gasgemisches vorzusehen, dessen Temperatur wirklich kritisch ist.·. Another feature of the invention is that the coolant-gas mixture, after compression, is independently cooled by means of a closed circuit, one of the constituents of the gas mixture being used as the coolant. In the case of the liquefaction of natural gas, this component advantageously consists of butane. The use of such a closed butane circuit also increases the effectiveness, but its main purpose is to provide an independent external temperature control of the coolant-gas mixture, the temperature of which is really critical.

Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden nachfolgend durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren zur Verflüssigung von Naturgas anhand der Zeichnungen näher beschrieben.Further details of the invention are given below by a method according to the invention for liquefaction of natural gas described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

In den Zeichnungen zeigen sämtliche Figuren gemeinsam einen schematisphen Arbeitsplan einer Anlage zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.In the drawings, all figures show together a schematisphen working plan of a plant for carrying out the method erf indungsgemäßen.

Bei dem in den Zeichnungen mit 11 bezeichneten EinlaßIn the case of the inlet designated by 11 in the drawings

ORIGINAL INSPECTEDORIGINAL INSPECTED

wird ein vorgekühltes Speisegas mit einer Temperatur von 15f5 ° Celsius und einem Druok von 18,8 kg/cm in die Verflüssigungsanlage eingegeben. Dieses Gas ist frei von Verunreinigungen und hat in etwa die folgende Zusammensetzung:becomes a pre-cooled feed gas with a temperature of 15f5 ° Celsius and a pressure of 18.8 kg / cm into the liquefaction plant entered. This gas is free of impurities and has roughly the following composition:

Stickstoffnitrogen 14,114.1 mol τ» mol τ » Methanmethane 82,582.5 mol i° mol i ° ÄthanEthane 2,62.6 mol $> mol $> Propan*Propane* 0,40.4 mo, #mo, # Butanbutane 0,20.2 mol $> mol $>

Das Spelsegas^wTrd^dem-warmeii Ende eines ersten einer Reihe von drei Kälteerzeugungs-Wärmeaustauschern 12, 13 und 14 zugeführt. Das Gas durchfließt darauf die ersten beiden Wärmeaustauscher 12 und 1 3» worauf die nunmehr aus zwei Phasen bestehende Mischung bei einer Temperatur von ! annähernd - 119 ° Celsius einer Stickstoff-Fraktionier-Das Spelsegas ^ wTrd ^ dem-warmeii end of a first one Series of three refrigeration heat exchangers 12, 13 and 14 are supplied. The gas then flows through the first two heat exchangers 12 and 1 3 »whereupon the now from two-phase mixture at a temperature of! approximately - 119 ° Celsius of a nitrogen fractionation

Kolonne 15 zugeleitet wird. Der Trennpunkt zwischen den beiden Wärmeaustauschern 1 2 und 13 liegt bei etwa - 62 °Column 15 is fed. The dividing point between the both heat exchangers 1 2 and 13 is about -62 °

Celsius. Dieser Punkt liegt gerade überhalb des Taupunktes ι des Speisegases bei einem Druok von 18,4 kg/cm .Celsius. This point is just above the dew point ι of the feed gas at a pressure of 18.4 kg / cm.

Der gasförmige Anteil 16, der aus Stickstoff mit einem Maximum von 7# Methan besteht, wird von der Fraktionierkolonne 15 abgezogen. Dieses Abzugsgas wird in dem dritten Kälteerzeugungs-Wärmeaustausoher 14 wieder erhitzt (um eine Flüssigkeitskondensation beim Expandieren zu verhindern) bevor es in einer Turbo-Expandiervorrichtung 17 auf etwa 1,0 kg/om expandiert wird. Hiernach wird es dem kalten Ende des dritten Wärmeaustauschers 14 wieder zuge- - führt und durohläuft nacheinander alle drei Wärmeaustau-The gaseous portion 16, which consists of nitrogen with a maximum of 7 # methane is used by the fractionation column 15 deducted. This exhaust gas is reheated in the third refrigeration heat exchanger 14 (to prevent liquid condensation during expansion) before it is placed in a turbo-expander 17 is expanded to about 1.0 kg / om. After that it will be the cold end of the third heat exchanger 14 is fed back in and then runs all three heat exchangers one after the other.

0098177Υ66Ϊ0098177Υ66Ϊ

scher, um die Abkühlung wieder zu gewinnen. Dieser mit
Stickstoff angereicherte Strom wird nachfolgend benutztshear to regain the cooling effect. This with
Nitrogen enriched stream is used below

a) zur Regenerierung der !Trockner für das Speisegas, a) to regenerate the! dryer for the feed gas,

b) zum Zuführen von Reinigungsgas zum Speichertank
für das verflüssigte Naturgas und zur Kältekammer,b) for supplying cleaning gas to the storage tank
for the liquefied natural gas and the cold chamber,

c) zum Abgleichen des vereinigten Spülgas-und Verkochgasstromes, um die Erfordernisse der Wärmewertbe-Stimmungen zu erfüllen.c) to balance the combined flushing gas and boiling gas stream, to meet the requirements of the heat value determinations.

Der Überschuß nach Erfüllung dieser Erfordernisse I wird in die Atmosphäre abgelassen. ;The excess after meeting these requirements I is released into the atmosphere. ;

Eine Pumpe 18 entzieht von dem Boden der Fraktionier-A pump 18 withdraws from the bottom of the fractionation

Kolonne einen Strom 19 ab und sichert eine angemessene jColumn from a stream 19 and ensures an appropriate j

Zirkulation für den Verdampfungsbetrieb der Kolonne durch !Circulation for the evaporation operation of the column through!

den zweiten Wärmeaustauscher 13 und eine leitung 20. Der ithe second heat exchanger 13 and a line 20. The i

Rest 21 des Stromes 19 wird in dem dritten Wärmeaustauscher jRemainder 21 of the stream 19 is in the third heat exchanger j

14 unterkühlt. Ein Zweigstrom 22 des so.unterkühlten ver- j14 hypothermic. A branch stream 22 of the so.unterkuhlten ver j

flüssigten Naturgases wird als Kühlmedium für den Kühler 23 jliquid natural gas is used as a cooling medium for the cooler 23 j

der Fraktionier-Kolonne benutzt. Die Ströme 21 und 22 wer- jthe fractionating column used. The streams 21 and 22 become j

den einer Entspannungskammer 24 zugeführt, von der der jfed to a relaxation chamber 24 from which the j

flüssige Anteil in eine® Speiohertank 25 für verflüssigtes J Naturgas gepumpt wird. Das Spülgas 26 aus der Entspannungskammer 24 wird duroh die Wärmeaustauscher 14 und 15 zurückgeführt. liquid part in a® storage tank 25 for liquefied J Natural gas is pumped. The flushing gas 26 from the expansion chamber 24 is returned through the heat exchangers 14 and 15.

ORIGINAL INSPECTEDORIGINAL INSPECTED

Beim Verlassen des warmen Endes des Wärmeaustauschers 13 wird das.Spülgas mit dem Verkoohgas 28 aus dem Speichertank 25 vereinigt.When leaving the warm end of the heat exchanger 13 is das.Spülgas with the carbon dioxide 28 from the storage tank 25 united.

Die Vereinigung beider Gase wird durch ein Gebläse angetrieben, das zwisohen den beiden Wärmeaustauschern 12 und 13 angeordnet ist und direkt mit der Surbο-ExpandierVorrichtung 1;7 gekoppelt ist.' Ein zusätzlich, elektrisch angetriebenes Gebläse ist parallel zu dem Gebläse 27 angeordnet und dient zum Ausgleich von Strömungsschwankungen.The combination of the two gases is driven by a fan which is placed between the two heat exchangers 12 and 13 is arranged and directly with the Surbο expanding device 1; 7 is coupled. ' An additional, electrically driven fan is arranged parallel to the fan 27 and serves to compensate for flow fluctuations.

• Die Kühlung zur Verflüssigung des Speisegases wird : durch ein Kühlmittelsystem bewerkstelligt, das aus einem• The cooling for liquefying the feed gas is: accomplished by a coolant system that consists of a

geschlossenen Butan-Kreislauf 29 und einem Kühlmittel- ,closed butane circuit 29 and a coolant,

Gasgemisch-Kreis MOR besteht.· Die Zusammensetzung des jGas mixture circuit MOR consists. · The composition of the j

Kühlmittel-GasgemiBChes ist in etwa die folgende» l Coolant-gas mixture is roughly the following: l

Stickstoff 0,2 mol ft jNitrogen 0.2 mol ft j

Methan 44,0 mol # ίMethane 44.0 mol # ί

Äthylen 19,0 mol $> Ethylene 19.0 mol $>

Äthan 17,5 mol $> Ethane 17.5 mol $>

Propan 7,0 mol $> Propane 7.0 mol $>

Butan 11,0 mol $> Butane 11.0 mol $>

Pentan 1,3 mol #Pentane 1.3 mol #

Ein derartiges Gasgemisch kann durch Fraktionierung von kondensiertem Naturgas erhalten werden, wobei die einzelnen Bestandteile entsprechend proportioniert wenden und irgendein Gas wie zum Beispiel Äthylen zugesetzt wird,, das nicht in dem Naturgas enthalten ist· Such a gas mixture can be obtained by fractionation of condensed natural gas, the individual components being appropriately proportioned and any gas such as ethylene , which is not contained in the natural gas , is added.

ORIGINAL fNSPEGTfcDORIGINAL fNSPEGTfcD

Die Ausgangsströmung von einem Kompressor 30 des MCR - Kreises wird auf etwa 32° Celsius durch Wasser gekühlt und danach durch eine Butan-Kühlung auf 7° Celsius mit einem Druck von 31 »6 kg/cm weiter heruntergekühlt. Das sich ergebende/ aus 2 Phasen bestehende Gemisch wird in einer ersten I'rennkammer 31 getrennt. Der flüssige Anteil 32 wird durch den ersten Wärmeaustauscher 12 hindurchgeschickt, injdem er unterkühlt wird bis auf eine Ausgangstemperatur von ungefähr - 62° Celsius. Diese unterkühlte Flüssigkeit 32 wird dann in den zurückkehrenden Kühlmittelstrom 34 am warmen Ende des Wärmeaustauschers 13 eingesprüht. Danach wird der so entstandene Strom durch den Wärmeaustauscher 12 zurück zu einer Speicher- und Vergaserkammer 37 auf der Saugseite des Kompressors 30 geführt. Der Dampf von der ersten Trennkammer 31 wird ebenfalls durch den ersten Wärmeaustauscher 12 geführt, wo er abgekühlt und teilweise kondensiert wird. Danach wird er in einer zweiten Trennkammer 36 getrennt. Der flüssige Anteil 38 aus der zweiten iErennkammer 36 wird durch den zweiten Wärmeaustauscher 13 geführt, wo er auf ungefähr - 119° Celsius unterkühlt und dann in den zurückkehrenden Kühlmittelstrom 34 eingegeben wird, der das warme Ende des dritten Wärmeaustauschers 14 mit ungefähr -127° Celsius verläßt. Der dampfförmige Anteil 39 von der zweiten !Drennkammer 36 wird durch den aweiten Wärmeaustauscher 13 und dann durch den dritten Wärmeaustauscher 14 geführt und verläßt diesen unterkühlt. Dieser Strom 39 wird danach bei 40 in seinem Druck reduziert, wieder dem dritten Wärmeaustauscher 14 zugeführt und bildet den zurückkehrenden Kühlmittelstrom 34. Dieser zurückkehrende ITiederdruokstrom 34 bewirkt zusammen mit den in ihn eingeführten flüssigen Anteilen von den brennkammern 31 und % in Verbindung mitThe output flow from a compressor 30 of the MCR circuit is cooled to about 32 ° Celsius by water and then further cooled down by butane cooling to 7 ° Celsius with a pressure of 31 »6 kg / cm. The resulting mixture consisting of 2 phases is separated in a first separation chamber 31. The liquid portion 32 is sent through the first heat exchanger 12, in which it is subcooled to an initial temperature of approximately -62 ° Celsius. This supercooled liquid 32 is then sprayed into the returning coolant flow 34 at the warm end of the heat exchanger 13. Thereafter, the flow thus created is fed back through the heat exchanger 12 to a storage and gasification chamber 37 on the suction side of the compressor 30. The vapor from the first separation chamber 31 is also passed through the first heat exchanger 12, where it is cooled and partially condensed. It is then separated in a second separation chamber 36. The liquid portion 38 from the second separation chamber 36 is passed through the second heat exchanger 13, where it is subcooled to about -119 ° Celsius and then fed into the returning coolant flow 34, which is the warm end of the third heat exchanger 14 at about -127 ° Celsius leaves. The vaporous portion 39 from the second combustion chamber 36 is passed through the external heat exchanger 13 and then through the third heat exchanger 14 and leaves it undercooled. This stream 39 is then reduced in pressure at 40, fed back to the third heat exchanger 14 and forms the returning coolant stream 34. This returning low pressure stream 34, together with the liquid fractions introduced into it from the combustion chambers 31 and % in connection with

ORIGiNAL !NSPSGTSDORIGiNAL! NSPSGTSD

den zurückkehrenden Gasen aus der Anlage die Kühlung für die Kondensation und Unterkühlung des eingespeisten Naturgases. the returning gases from the system provide cooling for the condensation and subcooling of the natural gas fed in.

Da die Cemperatur des aus zwei Phasen bestehenden Kühlmittel-Gasgemisches, das "bei der ersten '.brennkammer 31 in das System eintritt, wirklich kritisch ist, besitzt der Butan-Kreislauf 29 eine wichtige Funktion, da durch ihn die Temperatureinstellung an diesem Punkt erleichert wird.Since the temperature of the two-phase coolant-gas mixture, which "in the first '.combustion chamber 31 enters the system, is really critical, the butane circuit 29 has an important function because it the temperature adjustment at this point is facilitated.

Claims (10)

PatentansprüoheClaims 1·/Verfahren zur Verflüssigung von Gasgemischen unter Verirendung eines aus mehreren Komponenten bestehenden Kühlmit- ! ... telfluidums in Form eines Gasgemisches, dessen Bestandteile ; j auch Bestandteile des zu verflüssigenden Gasgemisches sind, , ί jedoch nicht notwendigerweise in den gleichen Mengenverhält- \ ι nissen zueinander wie diese vorzuliegen brauchen, dadurch j gekennzeichnet,daß zumindest ein nicht zu den Bestandteilen ; \ des zu verflüssigenden Gasgemisches gehörendes fremdes Gas
in das Kühlmittel-Gasgemisoh zur Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades eingeführt ist. :1 · / Process for liquefying gas mixtures using a coolant consisting of several components! ... telfluidums in the form of a gas mixture, its components; j also are components of the gas mixture to be liquefied, but not necessarily in the same ί Mengenverhält- \ ι Nissen each other as these need to be present, characterized by j, that at least not for the components; \ Of belonging to be liquefied gas mixture foreign gas
is introduced into the coolant-gas mixture to improve the efficiency. : 2. Verfahren nach Anspruoh 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß \ das zu verflüssigende Gasgemisch Naturgas und das fremde ; Gas Äthylen ist.2. The method according to Anspruoh 1, characterized in that \ the gas mixture to be liquefied natural gas and the foreign ; Gas is ethylene. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß j die Anteile von Butan und Propan in dem Kühlmittel-Gasge- ! misch dergestalt bemessen sind, daß die Kühl- und Heiz - \ kurven des Systeme thermodynamisch in passender Beziehung
stehen. j3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that j the proportions of butane and propane in the coolant gas! are mixed dimensioned such that the cooling and heating - \ curves of the systems thermodynamically in mating relationship
stand. j 4. Verfahren nach Anspruoh 1, 2 oder 3» dadurch gekennzeioh* i net, daß das Kühlmittel-Gasgemisch naoh Kompreesion mittels ! eines geschlossenen Kreislaufs selbst gekühlt wird« wobei j einer der Bestandteile des Gasgemisches als Kühlmittel ver- | wendet wird« 4. The method according to Anspruoh 1, 2 or 3 » characterized gekennzeioh * i net that the coolant-gas mixture naoh Kompreesion means ! a closed circuit is self-cooled «whereby one of the constituents of the gas mixture is used as a coolant is turned " ΤΠΠΠΤΤ771ΐϊΎ"771" ORIGINAL INSPECTEDORIGINAL INSPECTED ·■""""■ "Ί 947539· ■ "" "" ■ "Ί 947539 5· Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bestandteil des Gasgemisches Butan ist.5. Process according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the component of the gas mixture is butane. 6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüohe, da durch gekennzeichnet, daI3 das eingespeiste Gasgemisch in aufeinanderfolgenden Kälteerzeugungs-Wärmeaustausohern (12, 13) gekühlt und danach einer Fraktionierkolonne (15) zugeführt wird, mindestens ein Seil (21) des flüssigen Anteils aus dieser Fraktionier-Kolonne in einem weiteren Kälteerzeugungs-Wärmeaustauscher'(14) unterkühlt und als verflüssigtes Produkt ausgeschieden wird, der gasförmige Anteil (16) aus der Fraktionierkolonne expandiert und durch die Wärmeaustauscher (14,13»12) zur Wiedererlangung der Abkühlung zurückgeführt wird und das in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf fließende Kühlmittel-Gasgemisch nach Kompression und Abkühlung parallel mit dem zu kühlenden Gasgemisch durch die aufeinanderfolgenden Wärmeaustauscher (12,13) geführt und dann in dem weiteren Wärmeaustauscher (14) unterkühlt wird, sein Druck darauf vermindert und es im Gegenstrom (34) durch alle Wärmeaustauscher (14, 13, 12) zur Bewirkung der Abkühlung zurückgeführt wird, wobei von dem parallel mit dem Speisegas fließenden Kühlmittel-Gasgemisoh-Strom stromaufwärts,direkt vor jedem der aufeinanderfolgenden Wärmeaustauscher (12, 13) der flüssige Anteil abge« trennt wird und parallel mit dem Speisegas und dem gasförmigen Anteil des Kühlmittel-Gasgemisches durch den jeweiligen Wärmeaustauscher geführt und dann in den zurüc&keli^amlön, im Gegenstrom fließenden Kühlmittel-Gaegemisoh-Stroia (34) eingeführt wird, unmittelbar bevos dieser in dai kalt© Ende des betreffenden WärmeauBtausoIiers eintritt,6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas mixture fed in is cooled in successive cold-generating heat exchangers (12, 13) and then fed to a fractionation column (15), at least one rope (21) of the liquid fraction from this fractionation -Column is subcooled in a further cold generation heat exchanger '(14) and precipitated as a liquefied product, the gaseous portion (16) expands from the fractionation column and is returned through the heat exchanger (14, 13 »12) to regain the cooling and that in a closed circuit flowing coolant-gas mixture after compression and cooling in parallel with the gas mixture to be cooled through the successive heat exchangers (12, 13) and then subcooled in the further heat exchanger (14), its pressure on it is reduced and it is in countercurrent (34) through all heat exchangers (14, 13, 12) to effect the cooling is returned, the liquid portion being separated from the coolant-gas mixture stream flowing in parallel with the feed gas upstream, directly in front of each of the successive heat exchangers (12, 13), and through in parallel with the feed gas and the gaseous portion of the coolant-gas mixture the respective heat exchanger is guided and then introduced into the backward, countercurrent coolant Gaegemisoh-Stroia (34), immediately before it enters the cold © end of the relevant heat exchange, 7. VerfÄhren naofe Anspruch 6, daduroh gekennzeichnet, daB7. Procedure naofe claim 6, which indicates thatB bädoSginalBadoSginal der gasförmige Anteil (16) aus der Fraktionier-Kolonne (15) in dem weiteren Wärmeaustauscher (14) vor der Expandierung wieder aufgeheizt wird.the gaseous portion (16) from the fractionation column (15) is reheated in the further heat exchanger (14) before the expansion. 8. Verfahren naoh Anspruch 6 oder 7* dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Teil (22) des flüssigen Anteils aus der Fraktionier-Kolonne (15) nach Unterkühlung als kaltes Wärmeaustausch medium im Kühler der Fraktionier-Kolonne (15) verwendet und danach wieder mit dem übrigen unterkühlten, flüssigen Anteil (21) vereinigt wird und daß von dem wiedervereinigten Strom der gasförmige Anteil (26) getrennt .und im Gegenstrom zu dem [ Speisegasstrom durch die Wärmeaustauscher zurückgeführt wird und der flüssige Anteil als Produkt ausgeschieden wird.8. The method naoh claim 6 or 7 * characterized in that a part (22) of the liquid portion from the fractionating column (15) used after subcooling as a cold heat exchange medium in the condenser of the fractionating column (15) and then again with the remaining supercooled liquid fraction (21) is combined and in that (26) .and separately returned in counterflow to the [feed gas stream through the heat exchangers of the reunited stream of the gaseous fraction and the liquid fraction is separated as a product. 9. Verfahren naoh Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß9. The method naoh claim 8, characterized in that dem zurückgeführten, vun dem.flüssigen Anteil getrennten,· gasförmigen Anteil (26) Verkoohgas (28) von einem Speicher tank (25) für den ausgeschiedenen flüssigen Anteil züge führt wird. !the returned, gaseous fraction separated from the liquid fraction Portion (26) Verkoohgas (28) from a storage tank (25) for the excreted liquid portion trains leads will. ! 10. Verfahren naoh Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß j der zurückkehrende, vereinigte Strom aus Verkochgas (28) j und gasförmigem Anteil (26) durch ein von einer I1Ur))O Expandier^orriohtung (17) zum Expandieren des gasförmigen Anteils (16) aus der- Fraktionier-Kolonne (15) angetriebe-GetfLäse (27). verstärkt wird.10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that j the returning, combined stream of boiling gas (28) j and gaseous portion (26) through one of an I 1 Ur)) O Expandier ^ orriohtung (17) to expand the gaseous portion (16) from the fractionation column (15) driven GetfLäse (27). is reinforced. 1t« Terfataea nach Anspruch 29 3 oder 5 oder einem der Anspruchs 6 "bis 1.O9 ^gjjj^^^ekennzaiqhaet« daß das Kühlmittel-fesgemisal folgende Zuessansasatsiiaag "basitzti1t «Terfataea according to claim 2 9 3 or 5 or one of claims 6" to 1.O 9 ^ gjjj ^^^ ekennzaiqhaet «that the coolant fesgemisal the following Zuessansasatsiiaag" based )f£ 0,2 mol %
Methan 44tO mol $ ) f £ 0.2 mol %
Methane 44 t O mol $ BAB ORIGINALBAB ORIGINAL 194753a194753a ÄthylenEthylene . 19,0. 19.0 molmol ** ÄthanEthane 17,5 '17.5 ' molmol ** Propanpropane 7,07.0 molmol ** Butanbutane 11,011.0 mol.mol. Pen tan .Pen tan. 1,31.3 molmol **
J3m/RöJ3m / Rö -77-77 ίΖίΖ L e e r s e i t eL e r s e i t e
DE19691947539 1968-09-16 1969-09-15 Process for the liquefaction of gas mixtures Pending DE1947539A1 (en)

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US10995910B2 (en) 2015-07-13 2021-05-04 Technip France Process for expansion and storage of a flow of liquefied natural gas from a natural gas liquefaction plant, and associated plant

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FR2829569B1 (en) 2001-09-13 2006-06-23 Technip Cie METHOD FOR LIQUEFACTING NATURAL GAS, USING TWO REFRIGERATION CYCLES
US20080314079A1 (en) * 2007-06-19 2008-12-25 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Nitrogen Rejection Column Reboiler Configuration
US20090139263A1 (en) * 2007-12-04 2009-06-04 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Thermosyphon reboiler for the denitrogenation of liquid natural gas
US20110239701A1 (en) * 2008-11-03 2011-10-06 Sander Kaart Method of rejecting nitrogen from a hydrocarbon stream to provide a fuel gas stream and an apparatus therefor

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