DE1944062A1 - Circuit breaker - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS DIPL-ING. CURT WALLACH DIPL-ING. GONTHER KOCH DR. TINO HAIBACH I MÜNCHEN 2, 29. With «J UNSSR SIGN:

12 069 - VTg / Br

-T-E Imperial Corporation, Philadelphia, USA

Circuit breaker

The invention relates to a circuit breaker, and in particular to a tripping system for a circuit breaker which allows extremely fast interruption.

The growing industry dealing with the distribution of electricity is constantly making power supplies with high capacity required, their output level Reach sizes that were previously thought to be unattainable One of the most important elements in these systems is the circuit breaker that controls the entire system and the various components operated by it in the Case of overloads and short-term fault conditions protects · Furthermore, because of the current levels flowing in these distribution systems operated with higher power, the circuit breakers must be designed in such a way that they work much faster than those previously used.

0098AO / 1108

The invention relates to a fast working Circuit breaker, which is particularly useful in systems with high power, which is increasingly used in the electricity distribution industry will. The high-speed release system, which will still be described in detail, can the circuit breaker according to the invention has a minimal size, a compact structure and a reliable one Have operation, even during extended operating times; the circuit breaker according to the invention also has such high speed trip characteristics on that it is particularly useful for current limiting applications during the occurrence of short circuit fault conditions is suitable in one or more monitored lines.

In order to achieve the goals mentioned above, the Invention provides a release system which, when certain error conditions occur, the movable Eontakt of the Circuit breaker from the usual hold and / or Releases locking mechanism that is normally connected to it, so that the movable contact arm is quickly in Can snap open position, under the influence of the opening springs, free of a relatively high Parts of the holding systems exhibiting inertia. In a conventional switch is the one to interrupt the current The movable contact arm used is usually against the bias of the opening springs by means of a countershaft or other rotatable parts held or locked. If an error is found it breaks the mentioned holding mechanism, usually a toggle lever arrangement, together so that. its parts twist with the movable contact arm during the opening process. Because the opening springs are relatively heavy

009840/1101

Parts of the holding device in addition to the movable one If you have to twist the contact arm, the opening process takes place relatively slow »

In contrast, according to the invention, bind on occurrence prescribed error means provided to immediately move the movable contact arm of the switch from the rest Set the holding device free bu, thus only the mass of the movable contact arms and the closely connected Needs to twist the linkage through the opening springs, whereby the speed of the opening operation is significantly increased

According to a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, the high-speed release system is used - although it is eiatr fast for initiation. Interruption due to any fault applicable - preferably mm starting the interruption result used by Short Stromf® liier η, where the need for setmelle opening is particularly great · To this end, the invention provides an electronic sensing sub-system to detect the presence A short-circuit fault in the circuit to be protected can be quickly detected. Such a subsystem preferably includes a Hall crystal placed in the field created by the flow of current in the monitoring conductor. The output of the Hall crystal, upon reaching a predetermined size, actuates an electronic circuit which discharges a storage capacitor trip supply in order to excite a pulse tripping coil which rotates a breakaway pawl to release the movable contact arm for independent rotation.

Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a high-pollutant release system to be provided for a circuit breaker,

0098A0 / 110I

which is small in size, simple in construction and reliable. Ensures operation over long Anwendungeperioden out further wherein such Hochgesehwiiidigkeits operating characteristics _s exist that the system is particularly useful in _{StrombegrenBungsanwendungen?} "and that in the case of Kura closure error stateso

Another object of the invention is _9, such a high-speed AuslösesysteiH vorsusehen ^ which means for releasing the rotatable contact arm of a Eeistungsschalters of the relatively heavy and complex-holding devices which are normally associated with it _s which release at certain. Conditions of the current flowing in the protected line. -

Sin further object of the invention is to provide such a Auslösesystein ₉ for a circuit breaker _'? which the movable-Koutekarsi from the normally associated relative. cos ^ üLsierte and heavy Hechanisimis releases _s so that. the opening of the circuit breaker-only iee. fee ^ egliehea contact arm "of the switch uiid weseatliolie ß.siait T & vhunäene joint

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such! circuit breaker -aiii, a high-speed one Triggering system, which can be combined with conventional isolating switches in-der Welse 'is that to the relatively slow release ghara & teristics of the existing ones Circuit breakers have an extremely ... fast-acting tripping characteristic added

Further preferred embodiments of the invention result especially from the tinterspray,

Further gate parts and features of the invention result sion from the following description based on: r drawing; in the drawing shows.

Pig * 1 a somewhat scteEatisohe side view of an according to of the invention-trained Xieistiingssöhalterei

Pig. 2 © ine from «inan & © rigesogesie. pfiTgpektivisohe and ins single going 'views ais & as ü? © ils des Hochga * Schwindigk # itS "* Ai? .slös © 3 € soteat? .i © from the present Invention.

In Pig · 1, a folstoitigesobalter 10 is shown, which is an embodiment of the invention. K \ jegeblXde "it has high-performance triggers" As IiI) ZiCB, the failure shows in the upper and lower primary conductor 12 hm "ti _F the electrical age of the IMtisng vsr ^ adeEt eiaä · 2Jer above Iifittr $2 ends in & tm ststloallra'n Köntaktsnordnung 16 and Treiet Btoupt a "rock" * bp ^ nücottitslttflädae or 18, 20 on lower »Ü9T winepress 14 hurry ma seinen- one end a Soh * Renk" apfen 22 * around the lierua siefe the movable contact arm * 24 of the switch can turn *

35 movable Kontelctaris 24 wiit Bfeupt «bew · (Xioht-) 26 bsw »28; in »the - & a ~ kftt & Q $ er way

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Contact surfaces 18 and 20 cooperate in order to ensure that, when the movable contact arm 24 is rotated counter to the clockwise direction, the main contact surfaces and 26 before the separation of the arc contacts 20 and 28 w separated © gestures. in this way, a, arc which -is finally the sheets separating contacts 20 and 28 is bent, BSSW to the Bbgenlgufern 30 '. 32 transmitting, whereby such arc in the BQgeBkssxner can "34" upgrade * mn there Kit help of the arch plate ag, such as fespielgweia © Hatten 36 _f ■: auflößöht su weräes »Vorsugsweis® will" die - "frenEWif der Bogeo & ontakte 20- and 28 - as shown in Fig. 1 let« => opposite ■ the I8upttoa1iatetea 18 uw & 26 te ees ⁶ ? Teie © causes} _f "äaß.-D © r fe- @ w @ gliohe Bsgenkontald? S8 raif eitaerj TFater- ^ f eil "ä © g be ^ egliehea Eomtekteifise 24 arranged tmt, _f where ^: the rope" 37 kontin.ui@s?licli. im TSlsemigev & ixm- sittele one - spring 40 iis eineti. Soli ⁵ , f3Bkpisnte " JB h & Txm vorg & epstint eats".

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Sy st holding a must be overcome further then _s if one might trigger the switch.

The cooling system 60 which can be switched over in FIGS. 2 and 1 is not the only type of holding system that can be used to counteract the pretensioning of the opening spring 52. The only essential operating characteristic of a cold system, such as, for example, the holding system 16 _S is _f that in Hormalbetrieb it keeps the movable contact 24 in a closed switch position or locked, and that folded after its overcoming the entire retaining mechanism or its cables or in other V / else beweglieh can be designed so that the opening springs SINCL freely around the Eontaktbetätigungs lever arm 46 and thus the movable contact arm 24 to verdrehen5 and additionally those feile of the holding system 60, the previously a - opposed such movement, a rigid barrier, "

In the example, the holding mechanism or you have a support plate 62 , which is ^{attached to the l?} orgs3, @ shaft 50 wedged nnä with this- rotatable Sst _B Dag- a bnäe 64 carries an egg carrier plate 62 -asn bm be & rfeen in 3rig _e 2 recognizes «can be swiveled © Eliafee 66 _e - you ICiiake 66" is ■ » as nocii er 'läutsrt' ^ -si-öeE % -tlvü = »a iategreler feil einse ScekgssohwiüäigkCiitg ^ -Melösesystsaißä S © Bgea Arbsits- WGZBQ iffi folgemdsa. in" © itioelEen b © s-ebrie ^ii ©! At $ 33? Beschr @ ifemßf ä @ s Ifeltaeystesis 6ö 2? EieUt · es ρλι ätemv passage from »seranf feiasuwaisea- Sal Sie S € 6 Kssraalerweic ·: ^ ^ .reli.eine spring 68 iss tffers Ing's 2) derars Tss ^ espammt is the te © eis® lsi © 70. iey .KLtCt ¹ S eifei · - so33aal @ rw © iee in the Spgrratelluag across from a Bolle 12 , - which consists of second / Sude 74

& emäß the foregoing description gives check with the Koiitaktbetätigungs ~ Hebelariri 46entgegen clockwise (Figo 2) biasing opening spring 52, a rigid connection assembly through the Solle 72 ₉ Kjinke 66 g of the support plate 62 Iind the chance of scoring counter shaft 50 such that then _s when the Kontaktbetätigungs- Lever arm '46 is rotated counterclockwise, the countershaft 50 would be rotated in the same way «,

It should be pointed out, however, that an IT cam part 76 is wedged and rotated with the countershaft 50; the ITockenteil 76 communicates with a lockenfläch * ^3-78 in .Eingriff with a follower roller 80 which is carried by a lever 82 of the V / inkelhebelbauart; the lever 82 is pivotably mounted at one end 84 of a Ti-shaped member 86, the member 86 in turn being pivotably mounted on a fixed pivot pin 88. The angle lever 82 would be ~ TgI-. dasu Fig «1 - 'strive? mutatis to rotate about the pin 84 in Uhrsseiger, and the L ~ shaped lever 86 would be actually committed to rotate counterclockwise about the fixed pin 88 (due to the bias of the return spring 52, the durch.die above-mentioned rigid connection assembly and the Uockenoberflache is transmitted), if a second lever 90 of the angle he be Ib auart were not pivotably mounted at 92 in such a way that its one end 94 prevents the movement of the angle lever 82 and the L-shaped member 86. The holding system 60 including all of the above-mentioned ropes thus actually counteracts the preload generated by the opening spring 52 and therefore holds the movable contact arm, in a closed switch position of FIGS.

0098 * 0/1 108

As already mentioned above, in order for the circuit breaker to fulfill its basic function of interrupting the circuit, some means must be provided ₉ to overcome the holding device described above. For this purpose, most circuit breakers have some means for manually tripping the circuit breaker, and also usually in addition some means for automatically tripping the circuit breaker when predetermined conditions occur in the line to which the primary conductors 12 and 14 are connected. Thus, it is already known to provide some type of current sensing means which detect the presence of overload currents in the monitored line and, when a predetermined variable occurs as an output variable, generate some movement which can be used to initiate the tripping process. "

The circuit breaker shown in Fig, 1 preferably has current sensing means (not shown), which for example a magnet and armature release device may have, the armature of this tripping device when a predetermined current occurs would be moved within the line 12, 14, When "such an armature movement occurs, a - see Pig. 1 - pawl 94 is disengaged from one Brought roller 96, which is arranged on the second end 98 of the second angle lever 90 * As soon as this follows, the angle lever 90 can rotate freely, so, that the L-shaped lever 86 and the angle lever 82 are free to move counter-clockwise or clockwise can turn? as a result, the cam portion 76 and the rigid countershaft arrangement 50, support plate 62 and contact actuation lever arm 46 (through the pawl 66) freely counterclockwise

009840/1 108 '''''^

194-062

under the action of the pretension of the opening spring 52 Twist in order to move the movable contact arm counterclockwise into its open switch position twist.

The power switches are additionally a it a kind of Sehließvorriehtungen provided to return to the movable contact in the closed switch position after the fault is cleared "Thus, the switch of FIG _e would be 1 additionally provided with a closing device (not shown) ₉ which - if desired ~ could turn the angle lever 82 counter-clockwise in such a way that the EoIle 80 lying on the loctenflache 78 would twist the lock part 76, which finally (via the countershaft 50, the support plate 62, the pawl 66 and the roller 72) the contact actuation lever armyunä thus the movable contact arm 24 would also rotate, namely against the bias of the opening spring 52, in order to bring the so holder back into its closed switching position is eliminated.) Thus, a rope of the holding system, welc hes previously used 'to keep the switch in the closed position, at the same time working as a rope of the closing device, which is used to complete the circuit again after the switch interruption _β

If you look at the opening process again, you can see one that is because of the Saharan ropes of the holding device (which, as noted above, can also have part of the locking system) are twisted "during an opening sequence, and because such ropes a have a relatively high mass in order to ensure the durability of the

0098 407 1108 /

Increase switch, a great rope of natural Bias of the opening spring 52 is consumed to to twist other parts than those immediately with the movable contact arm 24 connected ropes, on ttiese Way is due to the numerous ropes with high to twisting let the opening sequence a relatively slow process «However, since the opening cycle described above primarily occurs during the interruption of Overflow is used that is not instantaneous cause a damaging influence is this relatively slow opening process within normal Limits of overcurrents * on the monitored lines are to be expected, tolerable.

However, if protection against short circuit fault conditions is to be created, and particularly if the line carries ultra-high currents, which are increasingly used in the power distribution industry, it is imperative that the opening process be significantly accelerated The invention provides a fast-acting triggering system to be described below which, when predetermined short-circuit 3-fault conditions occur on the line, enables the circuit to be interrupted at a much greater rate than was previously achievable. - '. ^: - ... ''

For this purpose it is provided according to the invention that when a high-current error condition occurs, the movable contact arm 24 (and the contact actuation lever arm 46) is released and independent of deep;) enigen Parts of the holding device 60 can rotate »the usually every year as described above be twisted, which is expediently äli

High-speed ausiosis process can be called. In order to bring about such an independent movement of the contact arm 24, a triggering sink 100 is provided according to the invention, which - as will be explained in the following - is excited as a result of the occurrence of a short-circuit fault in the line 12, 14. The release coil 100 has a part 102 which would be connected to the armature of the coil (not shown). This element 102 pushes against the pawl 66 and rotates it counterclockwise against the bias of the spring 60 'when the coil is energized If the pawl 66 is rotated counterclockwise, the aforementioned rigid arrangement is overcome, which was established between the contact actuation lever arm 46 and the! Prague plate 62 (by the engagement of the end 70 of the pawl 66 and the bolt 72), so that the contact actuation B lever arm 46 is now free and can rotate independently about the countershaft 50 under the influence of the opening spring 52 in order to bring the movable contact arm 24 into its switching position in a much shorter time than is the case when the spring does not only actuate the contact igungs lever arm must rotate 46 but all the different elements such as the elements 80, 86 uew · the Haltevor ^ device 60 _e, since the contact arm 24 and the Kontsktfeetätigungs ^ lever arm 46 regardless of the Haltevoryiehtung 60 vnirden twisted, other (are not Means shown) are provided to release the retaining device so that it can be properly reset to allow the closing device to subsequently close the contacts:

00 9 840/1108

According to a preferred embodiment used the sensing system for energizing the pulse trigger coil 100 upon occurrence of predetermined short circuit fault conditions the well-known Hall effect, which then allows the generation of an electrical potential, when a magnetic field is applied across a current in a suitable material. The one through the lines 12, 14 flowing current thus generates a magnetic field uia the conductor 14, which is expediently by means of an iron structure 104 is concentrated, which in its gap a Hall crystal 106 of suitable Has type that is excited by a (not shown) constant current source «According to the well-known Hall effect, the crystal 106 delivers a signal which is proportional to a magnetic field, that in turn is proportional to that through line 14 flowing stream is. This signal is amplified by a DC amplifier 108 and used for actuation or rotation of an electronic switch 110 of suitable design is used at certain Forward and reverse current levels. When such predetermined error levels are reached, serve the electronic switch for connecting a storage capacitor release supply 112 with the pulse trigger coil 100, which - as already mentioned - the Initiates high-speed release process.

In the foregoing was a high-speed release system for a circuit breaker - typically a circuit breaker of the "DC design" described, which allows the movable contact arm of such a switch to be released and is turned into its open switch position, regardless of the holding and / or closing

009840 / 11Oi

device normally found in such switches What is provided is the high-speed opening process possible according to the present invention allows that formed according to the invention Sehalter have better interruption properties. than this was the Sail so far «With these Improved interruption properties can be smaller Circuit breakers used in equipment that previously required switches with higher power. For example, in one case it was found that a 4000 kV ^ rectifier II of a Eintafct substation an 8000 Α main switch and a 3000 A feed breaker needed to have the appropriate properties in the event of a short circuit. When using the according to the invention, trained power switches it was found that the same protection was made possible by using a 6000 Α main switch and used a 1200 A feed switch, which is an essential Means reduction in size and cost.

-Patent claim © -

009840/1108

Claims (1)

. 3? ate η t β η e ρ- r ü cn e ί Circuit breaker for interrupting the current in a conductor when certain conditions occur, whereby a stationary contact and a beviegllcher contact is provided, which can be moved between a closed and an open hold position with respect to the stationary contact. geke η η s β ic h- η et through the following "components. - Yors ^ annmittel, nm the movable contact •; ■ -. ■ -. (14) between closed and open Switch position to visa - surmountable holding means to normally . · The rotation of the movable contacts to . prevent the holding means ropes on ^j . have, which are rotated as a result of the rotation of the mentioned - ^ movable ■ contact - (14) under the action of the bias of the mentioned means, xmnn the holding means are overcome as a result of first predetermined conditions; - solvent to the movable contact (14) to rotate in its Schaltungsöffnungsst € Settin g independent and free from the above-mentioned part of the holding means to enable and swar infolg © nasty occurrence ew "iter vorbestisnater conditions _$ where dl · Yorepannuagemittel oils hatred of the skins. do not have to overcome when turning the movable contact into its open position » 009840 / 110δ 2. "Switch according to claim 1, geke η η ζ eich η et by sensing means for monitoring the current flow in the mentioned ^:: conductor, the second predetermined condition being given when the mentioned current reaches a predetermined size. Switch according to claim 1, characterized. g e k β η η draws, that the sensing means is a crystal device (106) incorporated in the through the conductor generated magnetic field is arranged and generates an output signal which is proportional to the "flow of current in the mentioned conductor. Switch according to Claim 1, characterized in that g e k e η η ζ e rejects that one normally does not energized release coil (100) is provided which when energized, the solvent is actuated, and where energiespeieh.ernd means to excite the release coil and Sehaltmittel are present so that the energy storage means then the trip coil excite when the predetermined current value is - is felt. Switch according to claim 1, characterized g ek s η - ζ calibration η et that the movable contact (14) with a contact actuation Hebelarn is connected (46) which is freely rotatably mounted on a first rotating cash axis rigid on which Iragnlttel fastened and rotatably connected to it, wherein the release means also have a pawl carried by the support means, which normally independent of the movement of the contact actuation lever arm 009840/1108 prevented by the support means, and finally the excitation of the release means from the pawl the rotary path of the contact actuation lever arm rotates out such that the contact actuation lever arm and the movable contact (14) is free in relation to the support means and the first turn rotatable axis ". 6. Switch according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k β η η -. ζ e i without t, that rigidly attached to the first rotatable axle are provided, which rotate with this axis, these crouching means forming one of the parts of the holding means, which is twisted as a result of the rotation of the movable contact arm "when the holding means is overcome are, as a result of which when the pawl is in lockdown with respect to the contact actuation lever arm the rotation of the contact actuation lever arm the rotation of the suspension means caused by the first rotatable Aahse the rotation of the crouching means produces when the pawl is opposite from its locking the contact actuation lever arm is brought out, this is free to move independently of the To rotate squatting means and the rest of the holding means. 7. Switch according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k · η α ζ el oh η β t that a discharge device is provided is to monitor the flow of current in the conductor, the second predetermined condition occurs when the current reaches a predetermined size. 003840/1108 8 »Switch according to claim 1, ge ke η u ζ el ch η et by a normally non-energized trip coil which, when energized, causes the pawl to rotate, energy storage means being provided for exciting the trip coil, and finally switching means are present, van the energy storage means then eu allow the energization of the trip coil when a predetermined amount of current is sensed _e 009840/1108 Lee rs ei ie