DE19432C

DE19432C - Innovations in the composition and manufacture of gunpowder and explosive powder

Info

Publication number: DE19432C
Application number: DENDAT19432D
Authority: DE
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual

Description

KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL

PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.

KLASSE 78: Sprengstoffe.CLASS 78: Explosives.

Es hat sich schon seit längerer Zeit das Bedürfnifs fühlbar gemacht, ein Schiefs- und Sprengpulver herzustellen, welches gröfsere Wirkungen ausübt, als das aus Salpeter, Schwefel und Kohle zusammengesetzte sogenannte Schwarzpulver. Seit Erfindung der Schiefsbaumwolle folgte bald eine ganze Reihe verschiedenartiger, sogenannter nitrirter Präparate, wie Nitroglycerin, Dynamit, Sprenggelatine, Pikrate etc., nach. Diese eine enorme Kraft entwickelnden Präparate und Mischungen leiden aber alle an den gemeinschaftlichen Fehlern, dafs sowohl mit ihrer Darstellung wie mit ihrer Anwendung Gefahren verbunden sind; dafs sie störende, für die Gesundheit schädliche Verbrennungsproducte liefern, sich leicht verändern, und dafs sie in vielen Fällen deshalb nicht verwendbar sind, weil ihre Wirkung eine zu brisante ist. Alle diese Uebelstände, zu denen auch noch bei manchen die leichte Entzündung durch Schlag u. s. w.: zu zählen ist, sind bei dem Pulver, welches Gegenstand dieser Erfindung ist, vermieden. Dasselbe unterscheidet sich von dem gewöhnlichen, sowie von dem bekannten chlorsauren Kali-Schiefspulver im wesentlichsten dadurch, dafs es keinen Schwefel enthält.For a long time it has made itself felt the need, a leaning and explosive powder produce which has greater effects than that of saltpeter, sulfur and Coal compound so called black powder. Since the invention of crooked cotton A whole series of different, so-called nitrated preparations, such as nitroglycerin, soon followed, Dynamite, blasting gelatine, picrates, etc., after. These preparations develop enormous strength and mixtures, however, all suffer from common faults, both with how they are presented and how dangers are associated with their use; that they are disturbing, for the products of combustion, which are harmful to health, change easily, and that they in In many cases they cannot be used because their effect is too explosive. All these evils, to which, in some cases, the slight inflammation from blows u. s. w .: is to be counted, are with the powder, which is the subject of this invention, avoided. The same is different from that ordinary, as well as the well-known chlorate of potash slate powder, essentially because that it contains no sulfur.

Das neue Pulver besteht aus Salpeter, chlorsaurem Kali und einem festen Kohlenwasserstoff, welche Substanzen bei der Verbrennung im verschlossenen Raum in solchen berechneten Quantitäten auf einander einwirken, dafs dabei nur Wasser, Kohlensäure, Stickstoff, Chlorkalium und kohlensaures Kali gebildet werden, während die Verbrennung an freier Luft eine unvollständige und durchaus gefahrlose ist, wie etwa bei einem Prisma comprimirter Schiefswolle. The new powder consists of nitre, chlorate of potash and a solid hydrocarbon, which substances were calculated in such when incinerated in a locked room Quantities act on one another, so that only water, carbonic acid, nitrogen, and potassium chloride and carbonate of potash are formed during combustion in the open air a incomplete and absolutely safe, as is the case with a prism of compressed skewed wool.

Die Zusammensetzung gründet sich auf folgende theoretische Betrachtungen:The composition is based on the following theoretical considerations:

Die Explosivkräfte des Wasserstoffgases, Grubengases, Elaylgases, wenn dieselben mit der richtigen Menge Sauerstoff verbrannt werden, verhalten sich in der angegebenen Reihenfolge, in Atmosphären ausgedrückt, wie 26,5 zu 38,3 zu 44,4.The explosive forces of hydrogen gas, mine gas, Elayl gas, if the same with the the correct amount of oxygen is burned, behave in the order given, expressed in atmospheres as 26.5 to 38.3 to 44.4.

Der Grund liegt darin, dafs die Verbrennungstemperaturen in gleicher Reihenfolge 10 575 ° G., 10 183 ° C, 11 853 ° C. betragen, und dafs bei den beiden letzteren eine bedeutende Verdichtung des Kohlenstoffdampfes stattfindet.The reason is that the combustion temperatures in the same order are 10 575 ° G, 10 183 ° C, 11 853 ° C, and that at in the latter two a significant compression of the carbon vapor takes place.

Ein Liter Elaylgas wiegt bei 760 mm Luftdruck und 0⁰C. 1,2s g, und erfordert zu seiner Verbrennung 3 1 Sauerstoffgas und liefert nach der Verbrennung 2 1 Kohlensäuregas und 1 1 Wassergas. Substituirt man nun für 1 1 = 1,25 g Gewicht ein gleiches Gewicht eines festen Kohlenwasserstoffes, welcher dieselbe oder eine ähnliche Zusammensetzung hat, so werden auch bei der Verbrennung mit Sauerstoff dieselben oder ähnliche Gasvoluminä gebildet werden, wie z. B. bei Anwendung von Paraffin, Kautschuk, Guttapercha, Steinkohle, Asphalt, Pech u. s. w. Paraffin würde also bei derselben pro* centischen Zusammensetzung mit dem Elaylgase bei der Verbrennung 2 Volumina Kohlensäure und ι Volumen Wassergas erzeugen. Da nun die Verbrennungstemperatur, wie oben angegeben, 11 853 ° C. beträgt, und um je 1000 ⁰C.One liter Elaylgas weighs at 760 mm and air pressure 0 ⁰ C. 1.2s g, and requires for its combustion 3 1 oxygen gas and delivers to the combustion gas and carbonic acid 2 1 1 1 Water gas. If one substitutes an equal weight of a solid hydrocarbon for 1 1 = 1.25 g weight, which has the same or a similar composition, then the same or similar gas volumes are formed during combustion with oxygen, such as e.g. B. when using paraffin, rubber, gutta-percha, bituminous coal, asphalt, pitch, etc. paraffin would produce 2 volumes of carbonic acid and ι volume of water gas with the same percentage composition with the Elayl gas during combustion. Now, since the combustion temperature, as indicated above, is 11 853 ° C., and around 1000 ⁰ C.

Claims

if the volume of the gases quadrupled, then 3 1 3 X 43 = 129 1 or i29ooocbcm will.

The solid hydrocarbon, as the body to be burned, now also has oxygen in solid form in the saltpetre and chlorate of potash are added, and it takes such a mixture a space of approx. 6 cbcm. So if I wanted to find the pressure at the moment of combustion, 129,000 would be increased by 6 be divided, which gives a pressure of 21,500 atmospheres.

From the foregoing it is sufficiently evident what enormous power one has in the proper combustion of a properly calculated mixture of potassium chlorate, saltpeter and a solid hydrocarbon.

The intimate mixture and grain of the three components by working in the dry To bring about states or with water is difficult and can hardly be carried out at all without causing significant defects in the manufactured product. We eliminate these Difficulties by using the following procedure:

Nitre, Potash Chlorate, and the Solid Hydrocarbon, as which the latter are known asphalt, pitch, asphalt pitch, etc. can also be used, are in a finely pulverized state mixed with each other by sieving and then by treatment with a liquid, volatile hydrocarbon, which has a dissolving effect on the solid used (for which other substances that dissolve solid hydrocarbons can also be used), a plastic mass is produced, which in this state is brought into plate form and will soon be is transformed into a hard cake by distilling off the volatile hydrocarbon, which is then completely, as is customary with the usual slate powder production, in different grain sizes is processed. Instead of using this procedure, we also process the finely powdered salts with the required Amount of dissolved hydrocarbon in a cake plant to a plastic dough, which then either directly granulated or first worked out into a thin cake and then cooked through Evaporation of the solvent is dried.

It is evident what an essential and important influence this mode of treatment has It must be, because it removes the surface of the fine grains of the oxygen supplier saltpetre and chlorate of potash thickly coated with the body to be burned, so to speak be painted with him. This creates a far more intimate touch of the substances brought about and the water-soluble parts of the mixture are completely dissolved Removed exposure to moisture. The operation is very simple and thorough harmless. If the powder pulp is ignited, the volatile hydrocarbon burns first with flame, and only after the powder mass has completely dried it burns.

The merits of the new powder described and its method of preparation are in brief summary of the following:

τ. It is absolutely safe, both in terms of manufacture, transport and handling. The manufacture is simple and cheap and can be completed in a very short time.

2. The powder is not in the least hygroscopic and will be restored by drying completely usable when it was nafs.

3. It leaves only a very small residue, which is just as harmless as the gaseous products of combustion. 'The incineration is always in the enclosed space a complete, and the powder vapor is very insignificant and disappears, especially in damp rooms like in mines, very quickly and completely.

4. The power of the new gunpowder and explosive powder surpasses that of the ordinary one with the it has approximately the same gravimetric density, at least more if the volume is the same than double. The brisance of the powder can be achieved through the chosen ratio between Saltpetre and chlorate of potash and the size of the grains according to the intended use regulate.

5. When used in Schiefs instruments they are not in the slightest affected by the Combustion products attacked. The powder is very hard and does not stain either dry and moistened condition.

Sponsorship τ claims:

1. The composition of a gunpowder and explosive powder from the correct stoichiometric Ratios for perfect combustion of the components standing together: saltpeter, chlorate of potash and more solid Hydrocarbon.

2. The use of a volatile hydrocarbon or another volatile one Solvent to dissolve the solid hydrocarbon and evaporate the former after completion of the mixture respectively. Flattening or grain size of the powder mass. '