DE1941838A1 - Composite materials for surface treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

Composite material with a rough surface for cleaning, sanding, polishing and similar purpose is produced by passing foamed synthetic material through a fibrous structure. The fibres in the composite body so produced are then cut open to provide the rough surface required. Pref. the foamed material is based on polyurethanes, PVC or its mixed polymers, polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohols or rubber. The synthetic fibres may be polyamides, acrylonitrile, terephthalate or the like.

Description

Process for the production of composite materials, in particular such for surface treatment The invention relates to a method of manufacture of composites with a rough surface, especially for surface treatment, e.g. for cleaning, scrubbing, smacking, polishing or roughening.

Cleaning, polishing and scouring bodies and the like made of hard, semi-hard and soft-elastic plastic foams and made of foamed glass bodies are known in various designs. These products are currently being sold. as a scourer, Hand cleaners, foot files, car care products, etc. are used. They consist of either a filler-free plastic -Foam body or such with fillers embedded in the foam structure, such as sand, emery compounds, Chalk and the like

However, these known cleaning, polishing and abrasive agents have all significant disadvantages. The structural, tear and abrasion resistance of the foams are relatively small, so that the foam body in particular the removal of stubborn dirt particles, for example on sutofaont discs, Whitewall tires and vehicle bodies, under the high hand pressure and friction pressures wear out excessively quickly. In addition, the known cleaning bodies are not always sufficiently conformable so that it often causes difficulties with the foam body places that are difficult to access, such as corners, profile depressions, indentations and the like reach.

The main object of the invention is to provide a method to create, with which foam composites can be produced in an economical manner can, which are particularly general for surface treatment, before But above all for cleaning, scrubbing, sanding, roughening, polishing, etc., besides but can also be used for a number of other purposes, and those on these preferred areas of application with high tear and tear strength Enable results in terms of surface treatment.

The method according to the invention is characterized in that a Fiber structure with synthetic foam and the so formed. Yerbund body then to achieve the rough surface and superficial exposure of fibers is separated.

Such a process can be carried out in an extremely economical manner carry out discontinuously or advantageously continuously in such a way that that in a pores, which in continuous operation from the mold space between consists of two parallel bands, the fiber structure is introduced and then the chemical reaction gel is introduced in such a way that the foaming reaction gel the loose fiber structure schäuit, so that after curing of the foam a composite body results in which the fiber structure is firmly embedded. The so educated Composite body, which, depending on the type of form, consists of one plate, one more or less thick tape, from an 8.B. Wärfelföriigen form body or the like. exists, can de ¢ n, Appropriately by cutting, sawing and the like., Are divided into individual bodies, which are preferably the shape of a cloth, a plate or some other profiled body to have. Here, according to a further essential feature of the invention, the severing cut expediently placed in such a way that the foam pores are cut on the one hand and on the other hand, at least partially cut transversely through the fibers present here will. The parting surface is usually the work surface of manufactured product.

It has been shown that with such a product of cleaning, Polishing or scouring effect is particularly favored that on the work surface on the one hand cut the pores and on the other hand those present in this area Fibers are exposed and are appropriately cut transversely or diagonally, so that both the open pores with the cut thin cell walls as well the fibers lying here can be effective for surface treatment. The from the fibers, optionally together with the cut cell walls on the treatment area Dissolved particles can collect in the open pores and can be deposited on them Remove them from the treatment area, avoiding them at the same time be rubbed constantly on the treatment surface during treatment. Will what it is generally expedient to make the arrangement according to the invention so that the The resistance of the fibers to friction is greater than that of the show fabric above all achieved that the advantageously relatively rigid fibers under the contact pressure preferably for mechanical processing of the treatment area or to loosen the dirt particles are effective while the cut pores and whose cell walls primarily have the function of collecting the dissolved particles and to bind to the surface treatment agent according to the invention. This lets a high cleaning or scouring effect and the like can be achieved without the abrasion of the foam excessively on the working surface of the agent becomes strong.

The foam structure can be rigid or semi-rigid depending on the application or set soft-elastic, with a soft-elastic foam in the Multiple uses of the agent according to the invention for surface treatment offers special advantages. It is also advantageous that with the processing gradually crumbly crumbling cell walls the absorbed abrasion and dirt discharged and at the same time the deeper fiber parts of the fiber structure the work surface are exposed, so that if this is also an abrasion subject, there are always enough fibers on the work surface to support the have a scraping, scouring or grinding effect.

It is also advantageous that the fiber structure, the foam material body considerably reinforced in the manner of a reinforcement, so that its tear and tear resistance can be increased considerably. It is therefore also possible with the inventive Process even foam towels of relatively small thickness dimensions that are nevertheless highly resistant to tearing.

Especially in those cases where there is a high cleaning, Abrasive or polishing effect and / or high tear resistance is recommended it is to carry out the process according to the invention so that the weight fraction of the fiber structure used to produce the composite body is larger than that of the foam of the composite body. The foam forms but also in these bounces there is still a foam structure, which the fibers of the fiber structure firmly encloses. Paser fabrics or knitted fabrics can be used for the fiber structures will. However, tangled nonwovens with non-directional fibers are preferably used. Instead, however, fiber structures or fiber fleeces with oriented fibers can also be used or directed fiber bundles are used. In particular in the latter Pall is the composite body mit.den at least for the most part directed Fibers after curing of the foam according to the invention so severed that the Fibers run out into the parting line at an angle of about 30 to 900. Step the fibers at an acute angle, e.g. 3. at an angle of 30 to 600 in the Erena resp. Working surface of the foam body, this has the consequence that the abrasive or scraping effect in the one direction of brushing of the product according to the invention is greater than in the opposite direction of strike, which in certain applications, , such as is particularly advantageous when on the one hand a gentle treatment the treatment area and, on the other hand, a more profound treatment of this area zrwffinecht is.

It goes without saying that the product according to the invention for both Wet treatment can also be used for frockea treatment.

As foams, there are preferably those on the base the Polyurethanes for use, although other foams, such as those on the Basis of polyvinyl chloride and its mixed polyesters, polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohols, of rubber, etc. are usable.

For the fiber structure, all synthetic fibers are used, such as in particular those based on polyamides, acrylonitrile, tererphthalate are suitable. In particular in those cases in which a stronger absorbency of the invention If the product is desired, natural fibers can also be used with advantage, as above everything else those made of wool, cotton, cellulose, human or animal hair and the like. be used.

In other FX n, where the most important thing is a strong abrasive effect are. inorganic fibers such as those made of glass, metal and the like. can be used with advantage.

It is generally recommended to use fibers of relatively large size Provide length, the fiber length expediently a multiple of the pore size of the foam. The diameter of the individual fibers or the optionally The fiber bundle used is preferably in the range from 0.1 to 1.5 mm.

As is well known, synthetic fibers have a high number of buckles and therefore also a very high abrasion resistance, so that with long-term use of the invention Result of a relatively low wear of the embedded in the foam Fiber material occurs. To the absorbency of the product according to the invention to increase, which can be particularly advantageous in its wet application absorbent Fabrics such as torn textiles, linters, cellulose crumbs, Bring paper waste into the foam.

Furthermore, it is possible to adjust the foam so that it Relatively soft in warm water and comparatively hard in cold water is. Such products allow the hardness of the foam composite body to adapt to the respective working conditions in an optimal way.

If tangled fiber fleeces are used, it is more or less appropriate are evenly distributed over the entire foam body, so these can according to a further feature of the invention by means of suitable binders, e.g. based on rubber latex or plastic emulsions or their dispersions solidify in themselves 80 that they later look through with drivable, networkable and liquid plastic reaction mixtures do not shift and shift can. This ensures that even after the foam has hardened the fiber structure is in the desired position in the foam body.

The inventive method can also be carried out in such a way that in the foaming form fiber fabric or the like. are introduced by the in the foaming mold inserted tangled fiber fleece that completely fills the foam mold on the mold wall be pressed. When foaming, the buoyant foam acts as a binder between the inlaid fabrics and the random fleece to be foamed through. After the composite body produced in this way has been removed from the mold, the fabric layers mentioned can be used cut down and it can then be used as a fabric-reinforced cleaning cloth, as Polishing cloth, scouring cloth or the like.

can be used while the de-fabricated foam core in the manner described above as a tailored cleaning body or the like. is usable.

The product produced according to the invention can be with special It is also advantageous to use it as a cleaning and polishing agent for precious metals such as gold and silver and adjust so that there is no risk of scratching the precious metals is. In this case, the product expediently takes the form of a table or Rag.

Furthermore, the product according to the invention is particularly suitable Dimensions as a combined dust and polishing cloth. When removing oxidation deposits The well-known liquid or paste-like substances can be applied to silver and base metals Use the polishing cloth to rub care products on the working surface. Farther can also be used with the product according to the invention surfaces made of chrome, nickel, cleaning, scrubbing and polishing stainless steel, aluminum and plastic material, without scratching the surfaces.

Furthermore, the product according to the invention can be used as a pot and pan cleaner as well as for cleaning furniture, wallpaper and the like.

It is also possible to use the product according to the invention Fragrances and / or pharmaceutical substances, such as, in particular, bactericidal or fungicidal effects Incorporate substances.

As mentioned, the method according to the invention stands out among other things characterized by high economic efficiency. In this context, in particular amine procedure be advantageous in the invention several flat Fiber structures are placed on top of one another or foamed through in a parallel position to one another, so that a cohesive composite foam body is formed in which the Fibers designed as mats are arranged in layers.

The composite can then be in the levels between the individual Easily cut through fiber veins, if necessary even by simply tearing them off, since there are no or only a few fibers in these intermediate levels.

Although, as mentioned, the products according to the invention are mainly used for surface treatment, such as cleaning, scouring and polishing Emery or roughening agent, offers particular advantages, but it can also be used use for other purposes. Among the numerous uses are In addition to the above, the following are highlighted: Floor brooms, toothbrushes, Folster brushes, hair brushes, suede brushes, velor brushes, velvet brushes, hat brushes, Dish brushes, shoe brushes, clothes brushes, cleaning cloth for Xapeten, vacuum cleaner brushes, Skin massage brushes, brushes for automatic vehicle washing systems, buffing and polishing pads, Brushes for street and carpet sweeping machines, Applicator for pastes, waxes, lacquers, liquids and the like.

The invention is based on a few exemplary embodiments explained in more detail. In the drawing: FIG. 1 shows a composite body of display fabric as an intermediate product for the production of the surface treatment agents according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows the surface treatment means cut out of the composite body according to FIG. 1, which here has the form of a thin plate or a soft cloth; Fig. 3 another ßchaumstoff composite body, the embedded in the display fabric Fibers have a directed course in FIGS. 4 and 5 that of X composite bodies according to FIG Fig. 3 by a vertical section cut out cloth-like or plate-like Surface processing equipment, FIG. 5 showing an enlarged representation of the spatial location the fibers can be recognized by the cut and working surface; 6 and 7 one from the composite body according to FIG. 3 through an oblique section Separated surface treatment agent in which the fibers are slanted into the Run out of cut surface; FIGS. 8 and 9 show two further exemplary embodiments of a foam composite body for the production of the surface treatment agent according to the invention.

In Fig. 1, 1 is a foam composite body in the form of a rectangular block or a thick band, which consists of a body Evenly penetrating across the entire width, thickness and length of the foam foamed through and thus embedded in the open-pored foam material 2 is formed, the fibers of which have a length which is considerably greater than therefore Foam pore diameter 3.

The composite body has a top layer on the top and bottom 4, e.g. one made of paper, a plastic or metal foil or a textile or synthetic fabric.

This composite body is produced, for example, in such a way that first in a rectangular foam mold the cover layers 4 and the random fiber fleece 2 are introduced. The tangled fiber fleece 2 fills the entire mold space more or less uniformly and holds the cover layers 4 with low press pressure on the mold walls. Then in the shape of the liquid foam reaction mixture, preferably one based on polyurethane, introduced which foams in the mold and the loose fiber fleece with the non-directional fibers foams through. Of the Buoyant foam has the effect of a binder between the top layers and the fiber fleece. After the foam has hardened and the composite body has been removed from the mold this is achieved by cutting into thin sheets or cloths in any spatial direction 5 (Fig. 2) or cut to other shaped bodies. Thereby are at the cut surface 6 cut the foam pores on the one hand and the ones lying here on the other Fibers of the random fiber fleece cut across or at an angle. At the cut and Work surface aea cloth the like. therefore occur those firmly integrated in the foam Fibers free outwards so that they interact with the cut pores can be effective for surface treatment.

It will be understood that the type and hardness of the foam as well its pore size on the respective intended use of the surface treatment agent be turned off. have to.

The same applies to the type, the sawn-off and the mechanical Properties of the fibers If the separating cuts in the composite body according to Fig. 1 laid parallel to the cover layers 4, thin sheets or cloths are obtained, the one on which the cut surface is located, the opposite surface from the firmly adhering one Cover layer 4 are covered. The cover layer can be left on your severed body and if necessary, form a second work surface on this, whose properties differ from those of the cut surface with regard to the surface treatment. On the other hand, however, it is also possible to remove the cover layers 4 from the separated ones Bodies to remove.

In Fig. 3, a foam composite body 10 is shown, which basically can be made in the same way.

like the composite body according to, Fig. 1. Instead of the tangled fiber fleece However, directed fibers or fiber bundles 11 are used here, which are parallel to the cover layers 4 run.

In this case, the separating cuts are perpendicular or at an angle to the Grain direction laid. In the case of a vertical section, which is shown in FIG. 3 by the line 12 is indicated, a thin plate or cloth 13 is obtained in which the fibers 11 emerge approximately at right angles from the cut surface of the foam 14 (Figures 4 and 5).

if, on the other hand, the cuts are made at an angle to the grain, e.g. at an angle of 45 ° C, as indicated in Fig. 3 by the section line 15 is, so are obtained according to FIGS. 6 and 7 thin plates or cloths 13 ', in which the fibers will run out into the cut surface at an acute angle. such a or the like. has a stronger one when used in one direction (arrow A) rubbing, scouring or polishing effect than in the opposite direction (Pfetl B), which offers very special advantages in surface treatment in these balls.

In Fig. 8, a further foam composite body 20 is shown, in the case of the fiber structure, fabric inserts 21 made of textile or synthetic fibers are provided, which are foamed through by the foam. In this composite body the cuts can be made vertically, horizontally or at an angle to this.

9 shows a particularly advantageous embodiment of a composite body. Here, in section, the foam composite body 30 has several layers, one on top of the other, embedded in the foam. Fiber fleece 31 on. The production of this composite body takes place in such a way that first the two cover layers 4 and the nonwovens 31 are introduced into the mold parallel one above the other or next to one another. Afterward the liquid foam reaction mixture is introduced into the mold. Under The forces lying on top of each other are lifted by the driving pressure of the foaming reaction mixture Fiber fleeces 31 somewhat from one another, so that thin transition zones between these fiber fleeces 32 are formed, which consist essentially only of the foam. There in There are no or very few fibers in these transition zones, are here Zones of weakness are formed where the laminate, possibly even by hand, can be easily separated. It can therefore be from the layered layer shown respectively.

Tear off or remove individual thin sheets or cloths from the composite body.

separate each one thin, firmly bound in the foam Fiber fleece included. When severing this individual layers the pores of the foam are separated at the separating surfaces (transition zones 32) and at the same time the fibers of the random fiber fleeces are exposed towards the separating surface.

Of course, there is also the possibility of showing the one in the drawing to produce composite bodies shown in a continuous mode of operation. Facilities, with which this can be achieved are well known; are particularly suitable for this purpose devices that have two endless belts running in parallel, between the mutually facing sections one extends over the longitudinal direction of the belt extending mold space is present in which the foam reaction mixture to Is brought out foaming after the fiber structure and optionally the Top layers have been introduced.

As mentioned, further fillers can be introduced into the composite bodies, which favor their properties in terms of surface treatment. at such cleaning agents and the like, for which a high absorbency is desired, appropriately absorbent substances can be introduced into the foam. Farther is it possible to use abrasive, polishing or abrasive substances in granular form, such as.

Sand, carborundum, etc., to be built into the foam structure.

The body can also use bactericidal or fungicidal substances, fragrances and the like included. Of course, there is also the possibility of any body to be colored.

Claims (16)

Claims Process for the production of composites with a rough surface, especially for surface treatment, e.g. for cleaning, scrubbing, sanding, Polishing and roughening, characterized in that a fiber structure (2, 11, 21, 31) foam through with synthetic foam and the composite body formed in this way (1, 10, 20, 30) then to achieve the rough surface and the superficial Exposing fibers is severed. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite body (1, 10, 20, 30) is cut through so that on the one hand the foam pores at the interface and on the other hand the fibers are at least partially severed transversely. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that as Fiber structure (2, 31) a random fiber fleece with non-directional fibers is used. 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized1 that as Fiber structures (11, 21) such as those with directed fibers or fiber bundles are used will. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the composite body with predominantly directed fibers (11, 21) so severed is that the fibers run out at an angle of 30 to 900 in the parting plane. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the proportion by weight of the fiber structure is set greater than that of the foam. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the abrasion resistance of the bases is greater than that of the foam. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that foam based on polyurethanes, polyvinyl chloride and their copolymers, Polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohols or rubber is used. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that synthetic fibers, especially those based on polysmids, icrylnitrile, Tererphthalate and the like can be used. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in, that natural fibers, especially those made from wool, cotton, are modified gellulone, human or animal hair can be used. 11. The wet method inden of claims l to d, characterized in that that inorganic fibers, especially those made of metal, glass or the like. used will. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized that a bactericidal and / or fungicidal agent is added to the composite bodies will. 13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that that washing-active substances are incorporated into the composite body. 14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it is marked that the composite body further polishing, abrasive or abrasive additives, such as chalk, bentonite, carborundum, quars and the like. 15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that that several flat fiber structures (31) are durchschiuat parallel to each other, and that the composite body (30) thus formed is then in the planes (32) between the fiber fleece is severed. 16. Surface treatment agents, in particular cleaning, polishing Or abrasives and the like., characterized in that it consists of a foam body consists, which contains a fiber structure inside and the at least one work surface at which the pores open and the fibers are superficially exposed.