DE1926882A1 - Rapid water heater and hot air generator - Google Patents

Description

* · ^:. ' .: ~ -> ϊ ':' ~ \ MUNICH

'.-ING. H. FINCKC '"' MOLLERSTR.

: L-IN G. H. bohr 27 MAY 1QRQ

^ L-ING. S.STAEGE »Z /. MAY l »bS

Description M 800 $

eum patent eeuch

the company Thermo Electron Corporation, Waltham, Mass./ V.St.A.

concerning SHELL WATER HEATERS AND HOT MAGNIFIER

PRIORITY; Oct. 4, I968 - United States of

America

Spa treatment

The invention includes a water heater for continuous He inflection of Heissvraaser with changing consumption, with dea a water heating coil in a tight tank nit a water filling is arranged, which is used as a Wäraeenergieepei " rather and väree transfer mediua serves to heat ait one Absorb a certain speed bu and give off to the hot water at a rate that depends on the consumption, the water filling being heated by a two-stage surface heating device with a surface burner stage followed by a jet impact stage. The arrangement includes components for the generation of hot air.

Detailed description

The invention relates to heat exchangers, in particular one Hot water heater, which is an auxiliary air heater

003821/1439

can be arranged in order to hot air as well as water accordingly generate different consumption quantities.

Especially for use in modern residential buildings as well for smaller commercial plants it is very cheap to when a hot water machine is very compact, cheap and reliable, with the water temperature over a wide area Consumption range including the case of a missing Withdrawal remains essentially constant. The main purpose of the present invention is to reduce the size and cost of hot water heaters as they increase the efficiency and reduction of the dependence of the hot water temperature on consumption. Another purpose of Invention is to facilitate the generation of hot air as a by-product of the water heating process without Disturbance in the temperature of the hot water generator.

This is achieved through a new type of Waasererbitzer construction, in which a tight water tank is used as a heat store located in between and is used directly to heat water from the quay water inlet via a "thin copper pipe achleaga in the tank" which is connected to the supply lines. The tank preferably consists of thin, flat, rectangular metal containers, over which surface heaters are rarely arranged. An insulated housing is arranged outside the surface heater, which forms a caerauM with the tank walls, through which the fuel flanges for heating the water tank can run. The surface foil elements are preferably heated by gas and comprise an inlet stage consisting of a radiant surface burner followed by an outlet stage® consisting of a jet incidence. A blower is designed to draw gas and air through the heater. The usual pilot control system provides for the fuel supply to be blocked if the pilot flame is lit. The! Temperature of the waess ^ o iis äom tank

0098217Hf9

is used as a control medium for regulating the flow rate of the fuel to the burner / used. With this arrangement, the serving as an intermediate heat storage Water filling in a desired temperature range can be maintained, while the heat removed in the Waaser Bchlange fluctuates with consumption. When the water temperature is reduced due to heavy consumption, a higher temperature can occur almost instantly can be obtained by simply reducing consumption.

An accessory for the water heater according to the invention is an air heater with a heat exchanger, which has a steam connector to the water tank and one to the Includes condenser line running through the water tank. Since the Water temperature is used as a control variable, iat it does not matter whether heat from the water in the tank passes through. the hot water coil or the air heater is removed will. Because of the thermal capacity of the thermal buffer Can the consumption of both building units behave over one niseäesig wide area can be changed without essentially lichen the hot air delivery or the temperature of the generated Influence hot water eu

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Se show:

Fig. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a C for connection to an auxiliary hot air heater) according to the invention Rapid water heater in section and in front view, with some parts broken away are,

Fig. 2 shows the device of FIG. 1 in a contrast

vertical sectional view,

3 shows a section along the line 3-3 of FIG. 1, 009821 / U39

Pig. 4 the device after? W3 in association with a Air heater as an accessory in a perspective and partially broken view.

The device shown comprises a rectangular outer housing 1 made of sheet metal or the like, for example carbon steel sheet with a thickness of about 0.8 mm. The outer dimensions of this rectangular sheet metal housing can be designed in such a way that an adjustment to a maximum hot water throughput and a desired temperature results, but for a unit that ^{is suitable for the delivery of 0-14 liters of hot water at 71 0} C that is heated by Cold water with an initial temperature of 15 C is obtained. The overall external dimensions can be (36x64x13 cn (the latter dimension corresponds to the depth). Such dimensions are appropriate for installation in a normally dead space in a house, for example between the pillars of a partition wall. A ^ «UvwÜ ^ w ^ e ^ t ^ ow ^

Inside the outer metal housing 1 there is one Insulating layer 3 (old the example given above Theenions. The insulation layer is preferably removed a glazing layer of about 12 on the hall. ¥ Ϊβ eich aa beaten sweet. 2, 3, there are fire walls 5 »7 made of sheet metal, for example a low-alloy steel approximately θ mm thick, on the broad sides of the insulating housing just described.

A thin flat rectangular tank 9 1st inside dee isolated housing »1 arranged. The tank 9 can be made of carbon steel with a wall thickness of about 1.6 aa thickness beetehen; (in the case of the present implementation list, des Tank has a width of 33 ca, a height of 61 ca and a depth of 6 cm. ^

009821/14 ^ 9

_ 5 -A cold water pipe 11 1st old of the Sinla Rare one

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Värneaustausehera 13 connected, which is a sicjnsaekförmlge Copper pipe coil 15 of about 16 whether diameter uafass ^ n katizffl'wherein the serpent is curved sinusoidally) and eight Having straight pipe sections in the tank 9. As a precaution If the pipe coil 15 is provided with vertical ribs 17, the In Pig. 1, 2 schematically, but more clearly in FIG. 3 are shown. Preferably twelve ribs are provided. The outside diameter of the finned part of the coil can be about 31 am. "^

The readout end of the pipe coil 15 is connected to a hot water supply line 19 which runs to distribution valves, for example the sink and bathtub faucets of a house, which determine the hot water consumption eu at all times. The connections eu dea heat exchangers 13 run through sealed sleeves in the tank / 9 » ^<: with which the lines running into the tank can be, for example, hard-soldered.

According to Flg. 1-3 there are sad walls 23, 25 of the tank · Essentially in contact with the insulation 3 «A bottom wall 27 rests on the insulation 3 at the bottom of the outer housing; a top wall 29 is located (from the insulation 3 ^ at the top of the outer casing la AbstandyBreitflächenwandungen 31 '33 of the tank ^ beflnden spaced from the Feutrwandungen 7 b "w. 5 to GasdurohlSsse τοα_4κΑβτ <**" wall ¹ ^ T 33 of the tank and its adjacent wall of fire.

As aa best from Fig. 1, 2, let Durohtritte 35 »37 at the bottom of the outer housing air through the inlet end of the gas flow tube just described. SIn Gas valve gate jtt'ait a »linlasegehäuee 39 i» t on one suitable - passage In «Sea upper part of the housing * 1, 3

00S821 / UII

connected. An outlet passage 41, which in suitable Way is ventilated on a chimney flue, is used for extraction of gas upwards in the passages between the tank 9 and the fire walls 5 »7. The gas fan can with a rotor 43 is provided which is driven by a conventional electric motor 45 is driven.

Inside the tank 9 there is a solid filling of a thermal energy storing FJLu rda, preferably a filling 47, which is sufficient to cover the heat exchanger coil, but leaves a vapor space in the upper part of the tank. In practice, the use of purified water with an anti-rust agent as a heat-storing fluid is preferable. -.

As can best be seen from Fig. 1, 4, heat for a hot air source provided as an accessory part can be generated by a closed system including a steam line 51 which is connected to the tank and through the outer insulation 53 to a heat exchanger coil 55 in an air duct 57 runs. Sin Luftgebläso 59, in the channel 57 be provided to cold air blowing 55 BU over the snake and "inen Stroa War" air to produce for certain purposes, such as zua hair drying, drying hands and to Rauahelsung. Condensate formed in the heat condenser 55 is returned by gravity to the tank via a return line 61 which is provided with an external insulation 63. These connections can be omitted if a hot air source is not desired.

A two-stage surface heater is provided in each of the passages between the fire turns 5, 7 and the tank 9 . Each such heater umfasnt first atafe _L l each through Trittes "in Journal b5" ·· us porous material. The material 65 can be a metal screen, but preferably consists of thick porous ceramic materials, for example according to US Patents 3,179,156 and

001021 / Uli

5 191 659. In operation, the. Flammable gas flowing in the blades 65 ignited on the inner surface, and heating this surface promotes heat transfer by radiation as well as by conduction and convection. The gas entering through the relatively thick porous ceramic wall is heated, the temperature of the outer wall of the material being reduced. The 65 are attached to the bottom to the lower wall of the outer housing. At the top, the leaves are attached to brackets 67, which in turn are attached to the fire walls 5, 7. As a result of this arrangement, gas flowing upwards through the passages around the water tank exits on the outside of the porous ceramic sheets 65 and runs through the sheets in contact with the walls of the tank 9. the Scairme- j67 Gas on the Aueseite of the

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second stage of each puncher directed. Na this aweite stage hen the Austri + t fl '-, which is formed adjacent to the sidewalls of the tanks "" ^ <* """By Trittes comprises a StrahlauftreJTf heating section (see in particular Pig 2,. 3) and is SWEi BAA **** 69 formed from metal that ait perforations 71 are provided. The Blätte 69 are connected at their lower ends old flanges 73 which are secured to the walls 31 _f 33 deeWaesertanks. On their upper sods the! A 69 are attached to paddles 75, which are formed by bending up over the upper Xanten of the fire walls 5, 7 / The jet impact hot sections act in the way as this prepared object from not to the 8tar.de Technology related proposals 1st (USA patent applications Ho. 446 476 and 694 744). "]

The meat platters 69 of the world level act like a sensation Alignment of burning gases by the first

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Step around the corner and on the floodplain of the plates 69 in rays from Heissgaoen through the

Ö09621 / U3§

Steps 71 run, where they hit the walls of the tank 9 meet. In principle, the heating rays formed by the passages in the mats 69 serve to increase dee heat transfer coefficient by a considerable higher than the effective heat transfer surface the introduction of which is reduced without substantially affecting the effective temperature drop across the heat transfer surface, the efficiency being substantially improved.

Fuel, preferably natural gas, is supplied from a supply line 77 (Pig · 2, 4) via a conventional group of one or more valves, as indicated schematically at point 79, and also via t '* pair of Feed lines 81, 83, which run to two distributors 85, 87 i »-4e» Kinftritt «* fm« * »n -« * for passages outside the ocean surface areafWilburner »e 65. Fuel control can be very beneficial because it has ventilator elements 89 to control the valve group 79 includes when a pilot lull «91 • the result of an addressing of a temperature sensitive El a certain range is maintained, for example between 88 and 93 ⁰ C, as is sensed by a temperature sensor 95, which is attached to the tank and connected to the valve control elements The bridge of the water in the tank 9 can be used as a control variable.

Iat a relief valve 97 »the schematic the upper end of the tank 9 is indicated, provided, among other things a disturbing bursting of the tank in de «Palla one Avoid malfunction including overheating. Dae Drain valve 97 may be connected to a ventilation line 99 leading out of the building in which the Heating unit is arranged.

009321/109

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A connection slot W + · is provided in the insulation next to the side wall of the tank 9 and forms a gas passage, by means of which gas supplied to the outlet pipe 87 is ignited when the pilot flame 91 lights up, and on the side ns dea. Manifold ^ 85 supplied * gas is ignited by the pilot flame ^. The Schtltz Wt- forms a channel through which the determined pressure drop, when the gas from the distributor 85 is ignited, propels the flame around through open air to the gas / air mixture on the other side of the tank.

If the valve group 79 is opened during operation in order to supply gas to the distributors 85, 87 and the pilot flame 4 is burning, a mixture of air and gas, which is drawn into the passages between the tank 9 and the walls 5, 7, is ignited on the surfaces of the MsVtWr 65 next to the tank wall, heating the tank and causing the filling 47 to boil locally. Almost 60 £ of the entire energy content of the fuel is transferred to the tank 9 in this first stage, primarily by means of radiant heating transfer, but also by a certain increased convection. The hot combustion gases that leave the first stages of the burner are called the Tank through the ^ y ^ wutnf ^ ymrrn ^ tmim 69, in which / {about 20-25? * Of the entire fuel and the heat energy from the combustion gases is transferred to the filling 47. The location of the blower 44 in the direction of flow behind the HeIs device creates a fwuok below the ateopheric pressure in the heater, in this way a effective sole against gas leakage from the unit shop fan when it is in operation.

HIT the device according to Fig. 1 (ua4 ~ 4 ~

can heat from the filling 47 in the tank 9

through the heat exchange

009821/143

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Shear 13 for heating the water supplied by line 11 (or by both) can be withdrawn. The amount of heat extracted in this way determines the fuel consumption on the part of the filling 47, as this is determined by its temperature, which is sensed by the response element 95, the element being connected to the valve control elements 89. The heat consumption ee4- ± βΛ *. The hot water supply and the hot air supply can fluctuate quite widely in this way without the temperature of the hot water supply to the line 19 being significantly influenced. For example, the water temperature can ^{drop to about 71 °} C. at a throughput of 14 liters / min or slightly lower if the consumption exceeds 14 liters / bin, but the temperature remains high enough to still provide usable water values. Hull in consumption, an increase to about 82 ⁰ C. When carried eu any time hotter water is desired and the consumption has Teaperatur lowered, a "new delivery of lie ie β · a pale tfeeeer by throttling of the consumptions. Among other things, to smooth the operation of the systems further, a mixing valve can be provided in the usual way in order to mix the Heisawaseer in the line 19 with equal proportions of cold water, as required, do a constant temperature without prejudice to the respective fortoraueh obtain.

If · * £ * »a high temperature water source for low consumption is desired, for example a hot water source for haters of 88 ⁰ C for coffee preparation purposes or the like, can be a continuation "**" of the heat exchanger 13 may be provided. For example, a T-piece, which is connected to the line 15 within the tank 9 and in front of the outlet 19, can be connected to an extra length of the locked piping, which runs to a second outlet line. The additional one formed in this way The fänMauschauscher results in a higher water temperature with any consumption. .

009821 / Uli

Claims (1)

Claims / I j Helsswasserhitzer, marked by a nfarmeaustauscher (coil 15), components (11) for supplying water to be heated to the heat exchanger, first wall elements to form a sealed tank (9) surrounding the heat exchanger, an envelope (47) of heat transfer fluid in the tank, second wall elements (5, 7) which form a gas passage (with the first wall elements), and an overhead panel (S3r & tter (65) between Äen first and second wall elements in the passage. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the Tank (9) made of metal and rectangular with two spaced, opposite parallel walls is, whose dimensions are large compared to those in between located distance, and that the surface burner is a sheet (65) of gas-permeable Ceramic material at a distance from and parallel to at least one of the parallel walls. 3. Device according to one of claims 1-2, characterized in that the waaserftlXung in the tank (9) is arranged outside the heat exchanger (pipe coil 15) and covering it, that a vapor space is arranged in the tank above the water filling, that insulating convertible stents (insulating layer 3) surround the tank and are spaced apart from the first and "wide parallel side walls (31, 33) of the tank, around QattdttTChläss" along the first and second walls of an "inlet end, the one Air inlet (37) next to a **. Sad "de" tanks form, see below, an outlet end next to the opposite Sad · des. Tanks below form, the "the surface hoarse fish gas-permeable sheets (65) in the passages ^ la distance van and parallel to the first and second Walls) and that components (79) are provided for supplying combustible gas to the inlet end. 009821 / U39 4. Apparatus according to claim 3 »characterized in that each of the heating elements has a sheet (65) of porous Keramikina te rial adjacent the entry end of each passage and a sheet (69) of perforated metal having a jet impinging heating portion adjacent the porous Ceramic sheet as well as the entrance end forms. J 5 «device according to claim 4, characterized by an air heater "elements (51) for supplying steam from dea - ρ V I tank (9) to the air heater and the devices (61) for returning ~ ρ" Jf guide condensate from the Luftheiaer au ^ the tank. 6. Device according to one of claims 4-5, characterized by a thermodynamic size dee V / aaeers in the tank (9) responsive components (95) for controlling the supply of gas to the burners (blades 65) for maintenance purposes the value of the quantity within a certain range. 7. Device according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the insulated housing which is not given the tank bifurcated Gasdurohlatss old the tank (9) forms, which ▼ on an open inlet end adjacent a first end of the tank along at least first and second opposite ends Sides of the tank eu an outlet end next to a second end of the tank opposite the first end, (that a two-stage surface heater (sheets 65, 69) is attached next to the back side, that an alternative surface heater (sheets 65, 69) is attached next to the second side,) ^ aee each of the two awtist-level Heiner as the first Stage a surface burner including a sheet (65) made of porous material next to the entry end and at a distance from and parallel to the unfastened side, _for which it is adjacent, and the second stage οία bist * * (69) made of perforated metal to form a penalty heater between the porous sheet and the Auatrittude and at a distance from and parallel to the side of which 009821/1439 this stage is adjacent ^ with the blades each comprising two-stage heaters of nearly equal surface areas, which together approximate the area of the sides to which they are adjacent, ^ and that components j for supplying gas in the passage of each surface ^ burner adjacent to the Inlet end, ^ screen elements are provided between each first and second stage for the introduction of gas from the first stage outside the blade forming the second stage and blower elements (43), which are connected to the passage (41) at the outlet end, for air and gas to pull through the passage. 8. Device according to one of claims 1-7 _f, characterized in that the first and second walls have large dimensions compared to the distance therebetween and the coil of the Wärmeauetauechere consists of ribbed metal pipe in a sinusoidal arrangement within the tank (9). PUr company Thermo Electron Corp .: «M * H. HNCKi. DIPLHNG. H. K) HH 009821 / U39