DE1917947C3

DE1917947C3 - Tube bundle heat exchanger with a thermal insulation layer in the head chamber

Info

Publication number: DE1917947C3
Application number: DE19691917947
Authority: DE
Inventors: Walter Dipl.-Ing.; Weyland Herbert; 5270 Gummersbach; Thönes Gustav 5282 Neu-Dieringhausen Viebahn
Original assignee: 1L-Si-C Stöttnräftei GmbH, 5TTO Gxmv mersbach
Filing date: 1969-04-09
Publication date: 1976-02-26

Description

F i g. 2 stellt den Bereich A der F i g. 1 in vergrößertem Maßstab dar.F i g. 2 represents area A of FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale.

An den Behälter 1, der mit Wasser gefüllt ist und in dem sich ein das wärmeabgebende Fluid führendes Rohrbündel 2 befindet, schlief', sich nach unten eine ausgemauerte Kopfkammer 3 an. Diese Kopfkammer 3 ist an einem sich an den Rohrboden, bzw. allgemein den Behälterboden 4, anschließenden, mit Flansc.i versehenen Stutzen 5 angeflanscht. Die in die Kopfkammer 3 in Pfeilrichtung F eintretenden heißen Gase strömen über das in der Mitte des Behälterbodens 4 im Rohrboden angebrachte Rohrbünde! in den eigentlichen Wärmetauscherbehälter. Damit der Rohr- bzw. Behälterboden 4 nicht durch die mit etwa 1500°C ankommenden heißen Gase thermisch zu hoch belastet wird, ist vorgesehen, diesen Bereich thermisch abzuschirmen. Verwendet wird hierzu eine aus mindestens 3 Schichten 6, 7, 8 bestehende Wärmedämmung, aie so gestaltet ist, daß die bei Wärmebelastung auftretenden Längs- und Querdehnungen weder den Boden 4 noch den Flanschstutzen 5 belasten. Zu diesem Zweck ist die Innenschicht 6 aus Formsteinen hergestellt, deren außenliegende Begrenzungsflächen 9 nach außen geneigt sind, und zwar derart, daß sie mit den Anlageflächen 10 der mittleren Schicht 7 korrespondieren. Die äußeren Flächen 11 der mittleren Schicht 7 und die Innenflächen 12 der äußeren Schicht 8 sind ebenfalls nach außen geneigt, wobei der Neigungswinkel gleich dem Neigungswinkel bei 10 oder größer als dieser sein kann. Die Innenschicht 6 setzt sich nach unten als keramische Ausmauerung fort, stellt also ein einheitlich fest miteinander verbundenes Baumaterial dar. Bei Wärmebeiastung treten Längs- und Querdehnungen auf. Sobald eine Längsdehnung in Richtung Fl gegeben ist, die in der Regel bei der innenliegenden Schicht größer als bei der mittleren Schicht ist hebt sich die äußere Fläche 9 der Innenschicht 6 von der inneren Fläche 10 der mittleren Schicht ab. Dadurch entsteht ein Spalt, der bei gleichzeitig auftretender Querdrehung für diese ausgenutzt werden kann. Dadurch werden sowohl Dehnungen in Längsrichtung als auch in Querrichtung aufgenommen. Zum weiteren Ausgleich der Längsdehnungen ist zusätzlich noch zwischen dem Boden 4 und den rohrbodenseitigen Enden der Wärmedämmschichten eine aus hoch feuerfesten Faserstoffen bestehende Pufferschicht 13 eingelegt. Die geneigten Rächen der nahe dem Boden 4 liegenden Wärmedämmschichten wirken sich auch vorteilhaft beim Einbau aus, weil die Konizität der einzelnen Formsteinringe der Schichten 6, 7, 8 in Verbindung mit den Halterungselcmenten 14 ein Herausfallen verhindertA lined head chamber 3 adjoins the container 1, which is filled with water and in which there is a tube bundle 2 carrying the heat-emitting fluid, "slept". This head chamber 3 is flanged to a connecting piece 5 provided with Flansc.i and adjoining the tube base, or generally the container base 4. The hot gases entering the head chamber 3 in the direction of arrow F flow over the tube bundles attached in the middle of the container bottom 4 in the tube sheet! in the actual heat exchanger tank. So that the tube or container bottom 4 is not thermally stressed too high by the hot gases arriving at around 1500 ° C., provision is made for this area to be thermally shielded. For this purpose, a thermal insulation consisting of at least 3 layers 6, 7, 8 is used, which is designed in such a way that the longitudinal and transverse expansions occurring when exposed to heat do not load the base 4 or the flange connection 5. For this purpose, the inner layer 6 is made of shaped stones, the outer boundary surfaces 9 of which are inclined outwards, specifically in such a way that they correspond to the contact surfaces 10 of the middle layer 7. The outer surfaces 11 of the middle layer 7 and the inner surfaces 12 of the outer layer 8 are also inclined outwards, the inclination angle being equal to the inclination angle at 10 or greater than this. The inner layer 6 continues downward as a ceramic lining, so it represents a uniformly firmly connected building material. When exposed to heat, longitudinal and transverse expansions occur. As soon as there is a longitudinal expansion in the direction F1, which is usually greater in the case of the inner layer than in the case of the middle layer, the outer surface 9 of the inner layer 6 stands out from the inner surface 10 of the middle layer. This creates a gap that can be used for this when the transverse rotation occurs at the same time. This absorbs both elongations in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction. To further compensate for the longitudinal expansion, a buffer layer 13 made of highly refractory fibrous materials is additionally inserted between the base 4 and the ends of the thermal insulation layers on the pipe base. The inclined areas of the thermal insulation layers close to the floor 4 also have an advantageous effect during installation, because the conicity of the individual molded stone rings of the layers 6, 7, 8 in conjunction with the mounting elements 14 prevents them from falling out

Hierzu 2 Blatt ZeichnungenFor this purpose 2 sheets of drawings

Claims

Patent claims:

1. Tube bundle heat exchanger in which the heat emitting Fluid is guided in tube bundles and the heat is transferred to that in the heat exchanger tank emits heat-absorbing fluid, wherein the heat-emitting fluid via one of the heat exchanger container upstream head chamber is introduced and passed on from there via the tube bundle inserted in a tube sheet, wherein starting from the tube sheet, the jacket of the head chamber is provided with thermal insulation on the inside is, characterized in that the thermal insulation consisting of ceramic building material consists of at least three layers (6,7,8), of which the inner layer (6) and the middle layer (7) made of building material of different thermal conductivity and density exist, with the abutting surfaces near the container bottom the inner, middle and outer layers diverge towards the tube sheet and between the end of the thermal insulation layers and the tube sheet (4) one made of refractory fibrous materials existing buffer layer (13) is arranged.

2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the near the tube sheet (4) located Areas of the inner and the middle thermal insulation layer by means of their divergent design Boundary surfaces are designed to be self-supporting.

3. Heat exchanger according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the outer thermal insulation layer (8) through in the inner wall of a connecting piece (5) extending from the container bottom Holding elements (14) is attached.

4. Heat exchanger according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the angle of inclination the outer boundary surface of the inner layer (6), the boundary surfaces of the middle layer

(7) and the inner boundary surface of the outer layer (8) at least 5 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis the antechamber.

5. Heat exchanger according to claims I to 4, characterized in that the inner thermal insulation layer (6) made of dense corundum material, the middle thermal insulation layer (7) made of hollow spherical corundum material or other ceramic building materials.

6. Heat exchanger according to claims 1 to 5, so characterized in that the layer areas lying near the tube sheet (4) are made of shaped stones are constructed, of which the shaped stones of the inner thermal insulation layer (6) on their inside have boundary surfaces running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the antechamber, while the opposite, outwardly inclined boundary surfaces correspond to the inner boundary surfaces of the central thermal insulation layer (7) and the outer peripheral surfaces of this layer under the same or another Angle are inclined outwards and with the inner surfaces of the outer thermal insulation layer

(8) correspond.

65 The invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.

With heat exchangers of this type it is, depending on the ■ WärmetauschehdenjJFJuiden, necessary, the tube sheet of the Heat exchanger heater and the head chamber against shield an excessive heat load. This is especially true for heat exchangers, as they are in the chemical engineering use and in which z. B. high temperature fission gases on the for The temperature required for the further work process must be cooled.

The object of the invention is for the edge region of the tube sheet and the jacket of the Head chamber to form the thermal insulation in such a way that it accommodates the longitudinal and occurring under the thermal load Can absorb transverse expansions without, on the one hand, the tube sheet and, on the other hand, the jacket of the head chamber, or in a special embodiment a corresponding one starting from the container bottom Pruning to strain.

To solve this problem, the in the characterizing part of the; Claim 1 cited features intended.

The outer thermal insulation layer can be attached by mounting elements on the inside of the flange nozzle attached to the tank bottom.

In order to safely compensate for the longitudinal and transverse expansions that occur with the various thermal loads to be able to, has an angle of inclination of the inner and outer surfaces of the tube sheet Thermal insulation layers of at least 5 ° have proven to be useful. This angle of 5 ° is the lower one Limit.

A dense corundum material is preferably used for the internal thermal insulation layer. the middle thermal insulation layer is preferably made of hollow spherical corundum material. The outer thermal insulation layer can also consist of hollow spherical corundum material; but similar ceramic ones can also be used Find building materials use. The use of corundum material as a thermal insulation layer is special advantageous for fission gases occurring in chemical process engineering, because such materials have a high Have resistance to thermal and chemical influences.

In order to be able to safely absorb the longitudinal and transverse expansions when exposed to heat, is being developed the invention provides to build up the layer areas lying close to the tube sheet from shaped stones, of which the shaped stones of the internal thermal insulation layer are parallel to the inside Have boundary surfaces extending along the longitudinal axis of the antechamber, while the opposite, outwardly inclined boundary surfaces with the inner boundary surfaces of the middle thermal insulation layer correspond and the outer boundary surfaces of this layer under the same or one other angle are inclined outwards and correspond to the inner surfaces of the outer thermal insulation layer.

With reference to the figures shown in the drawing, the invention is based on a possible embodiment explained.

F i g. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger according to the invention, as it is for example is used in chemical process engineering;