DE1909285C3 - Spark gap arrangement - Google Patents

Description

_D. Understandably, the surge arresters must be like that

formed arc towards a chamber wall, be constructed so that they only form a discharge, characterized in that they form a circle to earth when the arrester has a chip arc belt in the arc chamber (2?) voltage surge of a given size is pressed on the arrester. opposite the plane of the disks (A, B) in such a way. When the circle "has curved its discharge function that leads from the electrodes (19, 20), it must be interrupted quickly in order to get to a second part (27") of the arc channel : ₅ to avoid that the following mains current in the vicinity of the chamber wall does not flow straight to earth through a line running through the free duct space from the protected network via the arrester. These operating characteristics wcr ^lst ·., Usually achieves the fact that between SITUATE

Spark gap arrangement according to Ante "terminals, which are placed on an insulating housing of the Claim 1, characterized in that the light surge arresters are attached, any Arc channel has a first substantially in a spark gap type with a non-linear counter-plane arranged part (27 '), and which was connected in series from a valve material second part (27 ") in at least one other. The spark gaps are in this arrangement level is arranged that the plane of the first gene designed so that they are at a certain chip part (27 ') overturn at a predetermined angle 25 riung, which intersects the normal operating intersection. voltage of the network but below the voltage

3. Spark gap arrangement after the limit is where the electrical equipment or Claim 2, characterized in that the pre-isolation of the protected network would be damaged certain angle is smaller than ^ 0 °. The valve material of the nonlinear resistance

4. Fiinkenstrcckenanordnuijg according to employees with the normally low operating demands 2, characterized in that the second voltage of the protected network is relatively high I part (27) of the arc channel in one or resistance and has several at the higher voltages Layers arranged, each

run practically perpendicular to the lines of flux (28) of the magnetic field.

5. spark gap arrangement according to claim I, characterized in that the arc channel opposite the plane of the discs

Spanr

genes due to transient tension collisions much lower resistance

35 If a high voltage surge occurs on such a surge arrester, they hit Spark gaps across and through the valve material forming a nonlinear resistance is a

(A, B) is designed in an arc shape in such a way that it is formed on a path with a relatively small resistance in order to divert the weak voltage surge to earth over practically the entire extent. Adjacent flow lines perpendicular to the end of the arc, the normal operating state will run so quickly canal. _w j _c possible through the combined effect again

6. A spark gap arrangement according to An, which is produced by the spark gaps claim 1, characterized in that the arcs formed, which are quickly drawn in length (A, B), are produced from porous insulating material, and through the increased resistance are created and mating teeth (29, is aimed, which the resistance material of the valve 30,31) and projections (32,33) have, on opposite to the subsequent mains current with low the one-piece electrodes (20, represents lower voltages.

21,34) are careful. In order to avoid the strong force flowing after a rollover

50 to limit the current quickly and to quickly extinguish the arcs formed between the spark gaps.

see, it is common practice in the field of surge arresters to be close to the concerned Spark gaps to create arcing chambers to eliminate those formed between the spark gaps To draw arcs in length and thereby to increase the arc resistance so much that the Mains voltage cannot sustain the arc. In general, the dissipative properties

The invention relates to a spark gap arrangement with at least one arc chamber formed from two disks, a pair of separated ones Electrodes in the manner of a horn spark

stretch and a device for building a 60's surge arrester and the capabilities that Magnetic field to move a / wipe to restore the dielectric strength so as to bcs electrodes formed arc aul a cam- be, the faster ;! an arc in an arc kidney wall there. chamber can be printed and the higher its such radio link arrangement, which is made of arc voltage, since with these arresters a small Jer US Pat. No. 3,354,345, we will use a jier value for the nonlinear resistance for example in surge arresters can be vci- uel. A well-known method for turns. The primary characteristic of overvoltage * - rapid displacement of an arc into one ihleitern ordered to divert tension shocks, while Bogenkamrikt looked at the construction of a Mainietfelile

in the rammer to force the arc from the spark gap into the chamber. One possibility / for generating such a magnetic field in an arcing chamber is given in the USA.-Paientschrift 2 566 <S ^l J5. As described in this patent specification. a coil is connected in series with a Hauplfurikenstrecke so that the coil is narrowed in the event of a flashover of the spark gap and a magnetic field is generated in the arc chamber and the spark gap in order to push the arc from the spark gap into the chamber. It is common practice to connect either a spark gap or a resistor in parallel to the coil in order to limit the voltage on the coil and thus protect it from breakdowns and damage to the insulation.

Although such known surge arresters work safely up to a certain level, it is but it is desirable that their operations continue to improve and reduce their dimensions, so that on the improved operating characteristics based, more precise operating parameters are planned more reliably and more economical arresters can be built.

A serious problem inherent in the known surge arresters, an electromagnetic one to accelerate the arc displacement in an arc chamber Using a coil of the type described above results from the fact that the corresponding Arc voltages on the various arcs in series in the surge arrester tend to fluctuate over a relatively wide range. Most of these voltage differences between the corresponding arc is the changes in the effective magnetic flux displacing the arc attributable to the presence in the various arc chambers. A second, at The difficulty encountered in some current arc chambers is that the chambers drawn arc have the effect of ionizing the spark gap in the chamber, so that there is a tendency that this spark gap re-ignites a second arc after the first arc has been extinguished. Such flashbacks are of course undesirable, since they increase the time required to interrupt the high-voltage current flowing through the arc is.

Although the resistance of an arc increases by lengthening the arc! will can to create a large voltage drop across the arc and thus the subsequent one Strength, as stated above has been described, it is usually desirable to be the spatial size of a housing for a surge arrester to be kept as small as possible. A step in this direction is admittedly thereby that has been done near the outside wall of an arc chamber a sinuous the arc extending channel was formed. However, this can only affect the surface on the The outer edge of the arc chamber can be enlarged without reducing the free space for the Arc could be magnified.

The object on which the invention is based be looked! therefore essentially a spark gap arrangement to create with the smallest possible dimensions, in which the generated Magnctli lines essentially perpendicular to the in the light arcs formed by bogcnkainmern. distance should the - ionization of the spark gaps and you probability of a flashback of the electric gust genes can be reduced.

This task is in accordance with the invention in the case of a spark gap arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset ίο measured solved by the fact that an arc channel in the Arc chamber is curved relative to the plane of the disks in such a way that the electrodes zi a part of the Lichlbogenkanal near the dei Chamber wall no straight line running through the free canal space can be drawn.

According to a further development of the invention; the arc channel has a first part arranged essentially in one plane, and the second part is arranged in at least one other plane which intersects the plane of the first part at a predetermined angle. This angle is preferably less than 9 () ^u .

So that the lines of flux of the magnetic field are practically perpendicular to the arc channel as far as possible run, is according to a further embodiment of the invention, the second part of the arc channel in arranged in several levels, or the entire arc channel is opposite the level of the panes designed arched.

The advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that the entire arc channel or the largest part of it lies in such a plane that is on the of the current flowing through Coil generated magnetic flux lines is perpendicular. In this way, the force component of the Magnetic field on the arc at its greatest, so that the speed of displacement of the arc towards the wall of the arc chamber is maximum. Furthermore, by the invention Spark gap arrangement created a new dimension for the extension of the arc, because the arc formed is not only in the horizontal direction, as is the case with the known arrangements is the case, but at the same time also extended in the vertical direction.

Another advantage is that the undesired flashback of an arc is significant is restricted. It is well known that when an arc exists, its surroundings are strongly heated. So The wall of the arc chamber also heats up, which, once the arc is extinguished, is hers Heat radiates back in the direction of the spark gap formed by the electrodes and thus in this creates favorable ionization conditions. In the spark gap arrangement according to the invention on the other hand, the walls of the arc chamber are arranged with respect to the electrodes so that they are theirs Cannot radiate heat directly onto the spark gap.

in the drawings is an embodiment of the invention, which is described in more detail below.

F i g. I is a side view, partially in cross-section, of a surge arrester with the improved L.ichtbogenkammeraiil'baii according to the invention;

F i g. 2 is a view, partly shown in two planes, of vnn nhrn: mf flip FnnLt'n ^ tivrkt ¹ mid

5 J 6

the associated arc comb! construction of the in issue. liin such high stress

F i g. I shown over-spanning lineis. The rupture causes the corresponding spark gap

chell drawn l ^; surface runs along the ken plane (not shown) in the spark gap arrangement

2-2 in Figure 1; penetrate deeply, so that a current flows through the

FIG. 3 is a side view of the FIG. 2 through 5 valve element 10 to the lower pole 13

th structure; and thus can flow to earth. after the

Fig. 4 is a perspective, zoomed-out surge voltage which is then derived

Angled view and shows the individual parts of a heavy current flowing through the arrester 1 through the

Main links and the arc chamber !!, interaction of the radio link arrangement **

of the in Fi g. I shown surge arrester; 10 and the valve resistance terminal 10 imtcrbro-

Fig. Fig. 5 is an exploded perspective view. The structural details and the Wirgene representation and shows the individual parts of the Spuktungswcise the Fimken distance arrangement *) and rope spark gap and the associated arc and the associated arc chamber !! are in the fol-chamber of the in F i g. I shown overvoltage * - genilen described in more detail,
arrester; 15 In the F i g. 2 and 3 of the drawings is a

F i g. 6 is a view of a cross section through the preferred embodiment of the spark line

the level 6-6 in F i g. 2 and shows an enlarged order 9 in order to cr-

Presentation of one of the main spark gaps and purification. The spark gap arrangement 9 comprises a

ncr associated arc chamber in one of numerous porous disks A, B, C, /), Ii

different position; »0 and / · formed housing, each with interlocking

Fig. 7 is a partial perspective view and having bridges and mating teeth provided thereon,

shows part of a main arc chamber and around the disks in their correct operating position

lets the detailed structural features bring one of the. On the upper and lower ends of the

Recognize electrodes of the main spark gap, which in order 9 is a pair of metallic poles 16 and 17

dnjni in F i g. 1 surge arrester shown arranged 25. The pole 16 hoof any suitable

become a spiral. Way, such as B. by soldering on one of one

In the various figures, similar parts of the existing connecting piece 18 are denoted by the same reference numerals. In Fig. 1 spark gap electrode 19 attached. The other is a surge arrester 1 shown with one half of the spark gap being formed by a second circular insulated housing 2 made of porcelain 30 electrode 20 which in turn can be formed electrically by means of a one-piece connector or some other reasonably stable material. The arrester I is shown as being connected to a 21 with another radio link electrode 111 network conductor 3, which is connected via an arc chamber, which is arranged between the second conductor 4 and a metallic pole 5 in the porous housing parts B and C in connection, which in any suitable way with 35 A second electrode, which forms the invisible part of the upper part of the housing 2 of the surge line between the housing washers Ii and (arrester. For example, can is electrically and mechanically through the Sp ' ¹ a Sealing synthetic resin can be used to seal the pole 5 to the housing 2 through the integral connector 22 'connected to one end of the coil 22, and also through the integral connection the position shown in F "i g. 5 & electrode 24. ■ <nen on metal conductor 7, which is in the interior of the CSC coil Funkcnslrecke. Thus, a parallel housing c2 projects into it, where its lower end is formed in that the coil spark formed by the electrode 24 expands around the outside in order to engage a compression spring 8. This serves to ensure that the operating parts of the surge line are placed in an electrically conductive connection 45 parallel to the electromagnetic coil. The opposite end of the coil ! ' to be resiliently pretensioned. The operating modes of the over- (not shown) and the connection piece 26 aul iU voltage arrester I contain a spark gap electrode 25 of the coil radio link arrangement 9, which is in an electrically conductive position with an electrically and mechanically with a further valve element 10 of a non-linear counter-electrode of a spark gap of the main circuit verbur stand are stacked in a slab shape. The elastic 50 den, which is arranged in an arcing chamber ·· - · .. spring 8 presses these parts into a click-like connection, which is bounded by the porous housing parts /) and / ■■ with one another and with a metallic connection. This main spark gap is as follows : '\\ taklleil or a plate 11, which is with the lower part in the way as it is above on hand of the du ^x <of the housing 2 by a washer made of resin electrodes 19 and 20 formed spark arrest 1 ■■ ■ containing material 12 is firmly closed. This is 55 and which is described between the housing parts δ and C: ″ i around the circumference of the contact plate 11 and the ordered spark gap is arranged with i-nu. Home 2. The plate 11 in turn forms the final spark gap in series 1 an electrical contact with the lower one, which is formed by electrodes, which are arranged between the pole 13 of the arrester, which is seen with a contact 14 between the housing parts E and F in the arc chamber, around the electrical connection of the arrester 60 are. The outermost electrode of the dei age 1 in a protective circuit, such as a contact spark gap between the housing parts /: and / with a conductor 15, to facilitate the series connection with a one-piece connector from the protected line 3 via the conductors which is soldered to a metallic pole 17. conductor 1 to earth is completed, through is between the two metallic ones. Poland t <>

The Funkcnstieckenanoidnung 9 and the vain 05 and 17 on the upper and lower ends of the fun

non-linear resistance forming valve element 10 kenstrcckenanordnung9 a complete cicktn

of the arrester I aibcilen generally formed from the usual shear series circle when these poles

Way, if a high-voltage surge 1 is impressed on the Neizleiter3, the one

(ο

Breakdown of the spark gap in between !! brings about.

Of course, additional spark gaps can be used added to the preferred embodiment shown in FIG to set up a radio control system for a Form surge arresters with a higher nominal voltage than the / u of the arrangement shown belonging tension. In such a procedure, however, it is the voltage arrester in the field well known. In addition, it is understandable for the average specialist. that about the Coil around an electromagnetic field with a generally pebble flux line concentration

perpendicular to a substantial part of its course to the magnetic lines of flight that run in the arc chamber 27 through the coil 22 flowing electricity can be generated.

For purposes of presentation, FIGS. "S and f> the magnetic flux lines which are generated when current flows through the coil 22, shown schematically by the dashed lines 28. Fs is understandable since the line density of the magnetic fields which

ίο be represented by these lines 28, of a high degree of concentration in the opening of the coil 22 up to a less concentrated field on the outside of the coil 22 varies. Furthermore, the circular design of the coil 22,

L'llMI IMIIlIl .Miiimuu.inp ...,. . _c

i | iience is excited. If the arrester 1 has a surge voltage is pressed, these magnetic Eluülinicn cut the corresponding, between the

tion is established when the coil 22 with a 15 that the flux lines 28 from a nearly vcrtikaeleklnschen Current passage relatively low fre- len level or one to the longitudinal axis of the arrangement

nung9 parallel path near the center of the Spool opening up to a practically horizontal one

_ Change level to the scope of arrangement 9.

different spark gaps formed light bo- ao when the arc passes through these lines of flux

Moved through along the electrodes 19 and 20, is of course due to the magnetic field a Driving force applied to the arc. If, as a result, the arc is on a path vcraj can push that intersects the flux lines 28 at a right angle, so he will do so. because this is the path of least resistance. If, on the other hand, an arc of such a path cannot follow, but is cingeiden- 30 ^ rhlossen in a plane which, for example, is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis the arrangement? runs, it is the component force of the magnetic field that drives the Arc in the direction of the perimeter of the chamber

/.■ nie.-.iuv.·· »v„ ~~ mer 27 acts, greatly diminished with such

by the electrodes 19 and 20 limited spark 35 design is accordingly the arc with a

relatively slow speed and at a relatively Slight increase in the arc tension in the direction of the circumference of the chamber 27. It

N Vi MIIIl UV-IIVII ■ vmnw ...... ^ _ -

gen. The flow lines continue to have the effect that Arc electrodynamically \ on the spark paths to the outside into their associated arcuate connections to press. This method is well known on the surge arrester Ciebiel

Since each of the 4 main spark gaps and their associated arc chambers are essentially identical in structure and mode of operation in the spark gap arrangement according to the invention, only one of these main spark gaps and arc chamber is used! described in detail. For descriptive purposes, the arc chamber between the housing elements A and fl nut d

the

it can be seen that in a predetermined according to the invention Angle is inclined. so that he is passing through that part of the chamber Lines of flux practically at an angle of 9 (P.

route selected.

F i g. 4 shows an exploded view
the 1st arch chamber and the alignment of the stretch of the bow. which are arranged between the porous housing elements A and B. Both Gchäuseelemen- 10 formation of the arc lengthening channel te A and B and also the other housing parts 27, which is therefore on the outer peripheral part! 27 "in a le CD F. and F are formed from a porous Isoliermaleiial that, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a mixture of Ahinii- _.

nium oxide granules and a suitable binding 45 cuts, in the chamber 27 over their entire

Mittel um-iBl These housing parts are in a displacement path to a maximum driving force

pre-formed die and then a warden shifting arc is obtained,

subjected to treatment in order to ensure that they are properly

chcndcn forms of training to harden. A dizzying wedge on the circumference of the chamber 27

One of the most important features of the "invention lies in certain 50 shoots where it generates a maximum arc tension.

Configurations of the main arc chambers as winds. Since the lines of flux 28 are

ζ B of the chamber 27 d'e between the housing parts UUt through the arc chamber 27 of their mit

len 4 and ß is formed when this is in its aneinelpunkl to its circumference from an almost vertical

are arranged other operating position. sharply bend len plane into a horizontal plane

The formation of the arc genes, could obviously be a maximum electrody

Chamber 27 can be seen in the vicinity of an arc due to the nominal total force

Electrodes 19 and 20 limited spark gap in the by the electrodes 19 and 2 (

it has a generally flat, plate-shaped spark gap is formed, true

towards part 27 'and a second part 27 ". The arc is curved in the direction of the

is inclined by a substantial part of its length 60th, the arc-lengthening "circumference of the arc

from a line of sight of the spark gap to be moved opposite chamber 28, if between the lateral:

cover One of the sought-after benefits created by the end point of the arc chamber 27 and the fun

the I ichtboocnkammer 27 can be realized, the kinking a slightly curved, the arc ver

is inclined around the channel that would extend the 1 iliac arch would be formed. Such an opti

nal to form with its flat part 27 ', which is due to 65 times formation of the arc chamber without the inclined part 27 "under a certain win- doubt in the intention and within the teachings the The fact that it is a great invention, as well as other structural inner rcr part of the entire canal lies in a plane halfway within the port area of this invention

309 682 76t

Changes. In the preferred embodiment of the connection shown here, however, the use of an inclined light channel 27 'and 27 "has been chosen which has a single angled interruption the arcing chamber channel 27 'and 27 ″ in a plane which runs essentially perpendicular to the magnetic flux lines 28 over a greater part of the channel length. An appropriately high thermal efficiency is thus achieved, while at the same time a reasonable typing of the various components of the spark gap arrangement 9 is permitted. In addition, although it is understandable for the average person skilled in the art that for the channel which extends the arc and which is delimited by the arc chamber which is formed between the inner housing parts R and C and D and E. to achieve a maximum electrodynamic drive effect a slightly differently curved or bent angular formation would be required compared to that which is used to form the part 27 "of the outer chambers between the plates .1 and 3 as well as E and / - ': because the magnetic Lines of flux 28 intersect these arcing chambers at an angle closer to being a right angle than the angle at which they intersect the outer arcing chambers. However, it is preferable to use the same standardized dimensions for these inner arcing chambers. Let me repeat mentions that other comb curvatures which increase the electrodynamic, arc-displacing force of the magnetic field on an arc formed between the spark gaps in these chambers fall within the scope of the invention.

With regard to achieving the desired goal of increasing the electrodynamic driving force of the magnetic field built up by the coil 22, it should also be pointed out that the curved or angled design of the gen-managed arc chamber 27 according to the invention leads to a further desirable result. From Fig. 6 it can be seen that an arc, when it is stretched outwardly by the electrodes 19 and 20 towards the periphery 27 "of the arc chamber, in the inclined portion 27" of the arc chamber 27 both horizontally and vertically Direction is extended; thus, within a certain limited diameter size of a housing part, e.g. B. the housing parts. -1 and B. created a Russian extension dimension. This additional, the arc-lengthening effect is enhanced by the fact that the teeth 29, 30, 31, etc., which can be seen in FIG the vertical component of the lichi arch deformation is doubled by each tsarina.

In the above description, those are according to the invention Features related to increased arc displacement and arc length made understandable. This invention, however, also encompasses other unique and noteworthy features. Features that have already been described in the earlier patent application mentioned at the beginning.

From Fig. 4 it can be seen that the electrodes HJ and 20 on projections 32 in a corresponding manner

ίο and 33 are arranged. These projections 32 and 33 are in one piece with the housing part Ii aul its surface formed and serve a precise arrangement of the electrodes 19 and 20, so DALI formed by the electrodes, a spark gap vornestimmtcr dimensions, without having to be measured and the poles 19 and 20 then by another conventional method, such as. B, by gluing or riveting, must be held in place. To facilitate manufacture

ao and arrangement of the spark gap arrangement 9 makes it use of the protrusions 32 and 33 standardized electrode arrangements are still possible to use, which can be produced in large pieces / awls and therefore cheap.

Such a typical electrode arrangement is shown in detail in FIG. Be it pointed out that these standardized units η all main spark gaps of the radio link arrangement 9 are used. Just the ones between

The electrodes 24 and 25 formed by the coil spark gaps and one half of the spark gap electrodes in the immediately adjacent arc chambers are formed from electrodes of different shapes. For purposes of illustration, the standardized electrode shown in Fig. 7 can be viewed as electrode 20 disposed between housing parts A and B and connected by a one-piece connector 21 to a second integral electrode 34 located in the arc chamber between the Housing parts B and C is arranged. as in the preferred embodiment according to the invention in FIG. 3 is shown.
Finally, it should be mentioned that an important

Lichcr advantage of the spark gap structure according to the invention results from the fact that the arc from the line of sight of the spark gap leak electrodes, d. H. of electrodes 19 and 20, is covered when the Arc up to the curved, inclined part

27 "of the arc chamber 27 is expanded. Therefore, if the arc is lengthened and through the Cooling on the peripheral wall of the chamber 27 is deleted. is the amount of radiation from the wall, the through the arc up close to the

The glow temperature has been heated and the spark gap tends to ionize for a backfire, limited to the radiation formed by that part of teeth 29, 30, 31, etc. which is up to innermost edge of the inclined part 27 "protrude.

according to this, the likelihood of undesired arc ric ignition is significantly reduced.

1 sheet of drawings

"Ϊ723

Claims (1)

Patent claims: I. Spark gap arrangement with at least an arc chamber formed from two disks, a pair of separate electrodes Type of a horn spark gap and a device for building a magnetic field for Moving a piece between the electrodes those protected by the surge arrester Lightning arrester or generated in a protected network by switching surge can be. This protective function is provided by a 5 leading through the surge arrester Path to earth received to transicrte- voltages and surges from a protected To divert the network to earth via the arrester. Self-