DE1906039A1 - Shredding device - Google Patents

Description

■ ' Dr. Ing. E. BERKENFELD · Dipl.-Ing. H. BERKENFELD, patent attorneys, Cologne

Plant . _ - reference number __ ... ^. . , ·>

m ¹ ^. February 1969 Wi. _Named . _Note Plasticisers Limited

Shredding device

The invention relates to the "mechanical defibration of synthetic film material and, in particular, devices for shredding such material, hereinafter referred to as shredding devices to be named.

Before a ribbon or thread of synthetic resin material that has been suitably oriented for textile use can be twisted to form a synthetic fiber, the film material must be in a large number of parallel Fibers are broken. The fiber material is "fiberized" Called material and the process of making that material is called "fiberization". It was already suggested shredding a film by passing it over a rotating roller that had a Has a plurality of cutting edges or needles, which at intervals, are offset and arranged parallel to each other.

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved fiber device which allows finer fiberization of the material without affecting the strength of the cutting elements.

In order to be able to arrange the cuts close together, very thin cutting edges or needles must be used, which in the The following cutting elements are called, because when the cutting elements are in a line, the distance between the cuts cannot be less than the thickness of the cutting elements. So if there is a distance of 0.05 mm between the individual cuts is desired, the thickness of the cutting elements must not exceed n, o5 mm.

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Cutting elements with a thickness of this order of magnitude are very fragile and a shredding device with such cutting elements is therefore easily damaged. Task of the present The invention is thus also the creation of a shredding device on which cuts with narrow spaces let run, but with the cutting elements in relation to the desired space between each Cuts do not have to be limited in their thickness.

According to the present invention, the cutting elements are arranged on the rotating drum in axially parallel rows, which have the same distances from one another in the circumferential direction, wherein the cutting elements in adjacent rows are offset from one another by a distance equal to the desired spacing between the individual cuts.

To prevent the defibrated material from settling on the It is essential that the cutting elements do not act like hooks when they emerge from the incisions in the drum Material come out. For this purpose, the cutting elements must be on their rear side opposite one to the drum surface vertical line be inclined. A preferred angle of inclination between the cutting elements and one on the Drum surface vertical line at the foot of the cutting elements is at 15 °.

In one embodiment, the cutting elements consist of needles which are soldered or welded to metal strips to form comb-like structures, the needles being equally spaced from one another over the length of the metal strip. The metal strips are then inserted into axially parallel slots formed in the drum surface so that the needles protrude beyond this drum surface. So that the needles have an incline with respect to the drum surface, the slots are formed at a suitable angle. This type of Zerfaservorrichtung called ^{fI II! L} type Zerfaservorrichtung.

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In another embodiment, the cutting elements are tapered pins which are fastened in bores in the drum surface so that the tips of the pins still protrude beyond the drum. The bores are arranged in axially parallel rows, the bores in adjacent rows being offset from one another by the desired distance. Many in the "N" -type shredder the bores which receive the pins are preferably inclined so that the protruding pin portions form the correct angle with the drum surface. This second embodiment is called the "P ¹ '-type shredder device".

In a further (training) embodiment is a one or multi-start screw formed on the drum surface, e.g. B. by milling, grinding or turning and axially parallel Slots are formed at regular intervals on the cylinder in the screw. The slots can be made by milling, grinding or other suitable machining. This embodiment becomes the "GT" type fiberizer called.

In yet another embodiment, the drum is through a stack of circular disks formed axially aligned on a shaft, each disc at regular intervals on its circumference radial projections which are ground into the circumference to form the cutting edges or formed in some other way. Every lead is cut away more on one side than on the other side, so that the cutting edges meet one or the other the other side of the disc is offset and the projections are alternately ground in this way into the circumference of the disc. In this way, an effective axial distance equal to half that is achieved between the cutting elements Thickness of the disc is. This is of particular importance when the axial distance between the cutting edges is of the order of magnitude o, o5 mm should be, since the discs can then be made from a material with a thickness of o, l mm.

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In practice it has been found that thinner material becomes brittle and the panes are then easily damaged. These Discs provided with cutting edges are often segment blades called. The entire shredding device of this embodiment, ■ is also referred to as the "SB" type. ',

The invention will now be described using an example with reference to the drawing. In the drawing is:

Figure 1

Figure 3 is an end view of an "N" -type shredder, partially in section;

Figure 2

a plan view of part of the cylinder surface of the defibering device according to FIG after processing in one level,

Figure 3

Figure H a

an end view of a portion of a "P" -type shredder;

an end view of a "GT" -type shredder;

Figure 4 b

a view similar to FIG. 4 a of another defibering device of the "GT" type,

Figure 5

Figure 6

a plan view of a segment disk for use in a shredding device of the "SB" type,

a sectional view along the radial lines A and B in Figure 5 to show that successive Cutting elements are ground in different directions and

Figure 7

a side view of a number of segment-shaped · ·; gen blades that form a shredding device ■

are composed.

909846/1072

Figures 1 and 2 show a Zerfaservorrichtung with a cylindrical body lo, which for rotation about its axis is mounted on a shaft 12th Axially parallel slots 14, in which needles 16 are held, are machined at regular intervals on the cylinder circumference. As best shown in FIG.

To facilitate manufacture and replacement, each needle line is z. B. by soldering or welding, as shown at 2 <J, attached to a long rod 2o. This arrangement, consisting of the needles and the rod, looks like a comb. Additional soldering or welding is done between adjacent needles, as shown at 22. Each comb forms an integral structure of needles and cutting blades that can be easily replaced in the event of damage or wear.

The combs are held by cover plates 24 over the Rods 2o are and screwed to the cylinder Io or on

other way are attached to this. To achieve a smooth '' ■

th cylinder surface are the cover plates 24 in Ver;

recessed depressions that run next to the slots and through j

Cutting away a wall of each slot are formed. ■

In order to avoid clogging or a hook effect, the needles 16 extend at an angle θ '(see Figure 1) with respect to ^s of a cylinder tangent ordnung3stelle the cylinder surface at the arrival J intersects the needles. The angle 0 is such that the needle tips point away from the direction of rotation of the cylinder Io so that the needles do not act like hooks when they are pulled out of the material , so that little or no relative linear movement between the needles and the Ilaterial takes place. Defining the angle θ as the angle between the back of the needles and the cylinder surface,

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the result is a maximum value of 9o °. In practice, θ much less than 90 °. A preferred value is 75 °. This value is suitable for rolls with one diameter of 75 mm and with 36 rows of cutting elements arranged in groups of six.

To move the adjacent rows of pins, the spacers 26 z. B. on the left side of each slot 1 * »arranged. The left sides of the slots I ^ visible in Figure 2 lie in the same radial plane and are dimensioned so that the desired offset between successive rows of needles is achieved. If z. B. the distance "P" (see Figure 2) is 0.3 mm and this distance "P" is to be divided by a factor of 6, five such spacers are required, of which the first is ό, ο5 mm thick, the second 0.1 mm, etc. The largest spacer is 0.25 mm thick. the The seventh row of needles is aligned with the first row of needles. Consequently, there are no spacers for the first, seventh, etc. Row required.

Although only six rows of needles are shown in the arrangement shown in the drawing, in practice a large number will be used used by rows of needles, so that the speed of rotation of the defibering device can be reduced. Are z. B. Six groups of six rows of needles each are arranged on the cylinder Io, so the fiberizing device formed on this catfish can be operated at one sixth of the rotational speed required for the same shredding device 1st, but only has six rows of needles.

In FIG. 3, a "P" -type shredding device is shown which consists of a hollow alloy 30 which can be pushed over a core 32. The core 32 and the hollow cylinder 3o are preferably wedged together so that the torque is transmitted. The cutting elements are formed by pins 3 ^ and this pin «34 unsigned» tablet is inclined in the cut in order to fix the pin «; & u »« ig® «* Every pen asked

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conical shape and is driven into a conical bore 36, which is formed in the wall of the cylinder 3o. Each hole 36 tapers outward, so that the pins 34 only from the Inside of the cylinder 3o is introduced into the bores 36 can be. The length of the pins 34 and the angle of the Conicity are chosen so that the bases of the pins are practically in one plane with the inside of the cylinder 3o, so that the pins 3 * 1 after inserting the core 32 by this re-holding will.

According to the invention, the conical bores 36 are in rows arranged at regular intervals on the cylinder 3o, the bores of a row by a certain distance which is equal the space between the cuts is opposite to the corresponding ones Holes in the adjacent rows are offset.

One end of one embodiment of a ^{defibering device of the tf} aT "type is shown in" Figure 4a of the drawing. This contains a cylinder drum Ίο with a multi-thread screw profile that is incorporated into the outside of the drum. Axially parallel slots 42 are worked into the surface of the drum ¹ Jo at regular intervals. The slots 42 cut the screw profile 44 at a right angle. This creates cutting edges on each side of the slots 42, which are formed by the flanks of the screw profile. Because of the helical shape, the cutting edge, which is formed by a flank of the screw profile and a slot 42, is axially offset with respect to the corresponding cutting edge, which is formed by the same flank but the other slot 42,

Another embodiment of a "GT" type fiberizer is shown in Figure 4b. Here the base of the slots is inclined with respect to the surface of the drum. In the shown Embodiment run the bases of the slots between the Tips of a row of cutting edges to the bases of the. adjacent row of cutting edges.

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Figures 5 and 6 show components from which a defiber direction of the "SB" type is built. FIG. 7 shows a stack of these components which together make up a defibering device from "SB" type form. It can be seen most clearly from FIG. 5 that each component is a thin annular disk 2o which extends on its circumference. has six radial projections 52 at regular intervals. Each protrusion is ground or otherwise processed in such a way that that a cutting edge is created. This is described in B below. The six projections 52 thus correspond the sehhs cutting elements of this invention. By stacking them on top of each other a number of these disks 5o, as FIG. 7 shows, the radial projections 52 being axially aligned a shredding device. Preferably, holes 5 ^ are formed in the disks 5o, so that the disks after Assembly can be held together for example by bolts or rods that are aligned with each other Bores 5 ^ inserted and a-n their ends z. B. by spreading being held.

To reduce the axial distance between adjacent cutting elements, the projections 52 are ground in a special way, as will be explained with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 a shows the projection immediately behind the section line A, while FIG. 6 b shows the projection immediately behind the section line B from FIG. It can be seen from Figure 6a that this projection is ground so that the cutting edge 56 is replaced opposite the center of the disc ^ /, the cutting edge being formed by two equally inclined ground surfaces, one of which is about "5 / k on the other hand, the protrusion immediately behind the cutting line B is ground so that the cutting edge 56 is offset towards the right side of the disc and is also passed through two similarly inclined ground surfaces are formed, of which the left 'extends over 3 / H of the thickness of the disc. In this way, the razor edge of each cutting element 52 is in opposite directions.

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^ä 190R039

Directions staggered on successive cutting elements.

As has already been said in connection with the "N" -type shredder has been described, more than one group of cutting elements can be arranged on the circumference of the fiberizing drum, so that these " can also run at a lower speed with 6. Instead of, for example, six To arrange projections on the disc 5ο, can be 36 projection be arranged at intervals of lo °. The speed required for this shredding device would thus be at only one Sixths lie.

An "N" -type fiberizer of the present invention was like is structured as follows:

A drum three inches in diameter,

36 equally spaced axially parallel slots on the circumference of the drum,

36 combs, each having a row of needles 0.0132 inches apart, that is, 76 needles per inch.

The lateral offset between adjacent rows in each "group of six" was = 0.0132 inches: 6 = 0.022 inches.

Rows 1, 7, 13, 19, 25 and 31 start in each "group of six".

The angle of inclination of the needles in relation to the drum surface was

The needles protruded 0.8 mm above the drum surface.

It has been found that the following factors, the g geometry .blink the structure that is created during a defibering process;

1) The linear speed of the film,

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1906038

2) the linear speed of the shredding device,

3) the length of the sheet on which the film is on the drum surface rests on

4) the distance between adjacent cuts,

5) the distance on the drum surface between two cutters element rows,

6) the distance that a cutting element across the cylinder surface the shredding device survives.

At high fiberizing speeds, long needles cause the film to wind up on the drum. With shredding devices of the "P" type should be the protrusion of the pins above the drum surface Do not exceed 3.2 mm and preferably be 0.7 ^ mm. In practice, therefore, cutting elements are used that protrude only a short distance from the drum surface and the sixth factor mentioned above can be assumed to be constant.

A formula can be derived from geometrical considerations, with which the relative speeds can be calculated, which are necessary to create a network with certain dimensions to obtain. A network is desired in which the width of the uncut sections is equal to the width of the cut Sections, the formula is:

/ J6m + c) ² - m ² J (f ² - 2c (6m + c) f + (c ² - n ² ) = O

F F

Where:

c = the length of the sheet on which the film rests on the drum,

f = the linear speed of the Filaia,

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90984S / 1971

P 5 is the linear speed of the shredding device,

η = the distance between adjacent cuts and

m s the distance between each a * ei rows of cutting elements.

When using the shredding device described in the above example The above formula yields that the fiberizer operates at a film speed of 225 feet per minute with a speed of 583.99 revolutions per minute (or 6233 per minute) must rotate in connection with the Equation described to obtain regular network.

Claims

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Claims (1)

1 3 9. 9 sis 1194 499 t Dr. Ing. E. BERKENFELD · Dipl.-Ing. H. BERKENFiLD, patent attorneys, Cologne . February 1969 Wi. 1906038] Plasticiser Limited Claims © '* Device for making parallel slots in foil material,
marked by a cylindrical drum (Io) j3o, 32j rotatable about its axis 4oj5o) a variety of cutting elementsCiöjSftjMiiJS), which on; the drum are arranged and carried by this, wherein the cutting elements in axially parallel equal distances mutually having rows are arranged, wherein the lateral distance "wipe the cutting elements for all rows the same 1st" but. adjacent rows laterally by one Are offset against each other »those of the desired lateral Distance "wipe the Shiites equal 1st" 2) shredding device «oh claim 1, characterized marked that the cutting element © (l6) on their * « running side inclined in relation to a line perpendicular to the drum surface. 3Ϊ ~ ZeFfae * rvor? &<3htitng naoh. Claim 2 _$ identified by an angle vmx 15 ° between the spring cutting element and a line standing vertically on the door surface at the base of each element « H) Zerfaservorrichtung according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized gfckennzeicb.net that each row of · cutting elements comprises a metal strip (2o), a multiplicity ¹ is fixed number of needles (16) in this form of a comb, wherein the Needles the length of the strip P JJo / 5 846/10? * -12- OWQ ₁ NAi. “NSPECTEO have the same distances from each other , and axially parallel slots (I ¹ O are provided in the drum (lo) to receive the metal strip sections of the combs and the combs are fastened in the .Schlitzen so that the needles (16) protrude above the drum surface. 5) shredding device according to claim 4, characterized in that the slots (I ¹ O with respect to the drum surface (lo) are inclined so that the needles (16) enclose an angle with the drum surface. 6) Zerfaservorrichtung of claim ¹ J, further comprising spacers (26) between the ends of the slots (I ¹ O, and the ends of the combs, so that the needles in adjacent crests are displaced in a direction parallel to the drum axis. 7) shredding device according to claim 1, characterized in that each row of the cutting ^{elements has a plurality of conical pins (3 1} O and the drum (3o, 32) is formed with a corresponding number of bores (36) which are arranged in axially parallel rows are arranged, the cross-section of the bores (36) decreases in the direction of the drum surface in order to receive the conical pins (3 ¹ O, so that the tip ends of the pins protrude above the drum surface, the bores (36) in adjacent rows are offset from one another, to get the desired lateral distance (measured in a direction parallel to the drum axis) between the pins in adjacent rows. 8) shredding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum surface ( ¹ Jo) is cut away to form a screw ( ¹ I ¹ O and cutting elements are formed by connecting axially parallel cuts (42) in 'the screw (4 ¹ O) at regular intervals on the surface of the drum ( ¹ Io). P W5 909846 / 1Q72 ORtQtNAt 9) shredding device according to claim 8> characterized in that the screw is catchy, 10) shredding device according to claim 8, characterized marked that the screw is multi-thread. 11) shredding device according to claim 1, characterized by a large number of circular disks (5o), which are axially aligned and stacked side by side next to each other to form a hollow cylinder for mounting on a shaft are, radial projections (52) are arranged at regular intervals on the circumference of each disc (5o), each projection is ground to form a cutting edge (56), W each radial projection (52) is cut away on one side more than the other so that the cutting edge (56) is offset towards one side of the disc and the projections are cut away alternately on opposite sides on each disc (5o) . 12) shredding device according to claim 11, characterized in that the cutting edge (56) of each projection (52) is offset from one side of the disc (5o) by a distance which is equal to a quarter of the thickness of the disc and which Cutting edges (56) of adjacent projections (52) are offset from the other side of the disc by the same distance. P W5 909846/1072