DE1905882A1 - North looking roundabout - Google Patents

Description

Nordsuchender roundabout description.

Known north-seeking roundabouts determine the north direction from several Measurements (amplitude measurements, time measurements on the axis swinging north). Other types turn outside to the north, using the directional @@ ant use, which however is very small towards the meridian; these procedures are too imprecise.

The invention aims to counter this with something better.

The invention requires a single measurement to find north. This measurement begins immediately when the centrifugal motor starts up and is finished shortly after the start-up has ended. In between, that is, during the gyro, geodetic angle measurements can be carried out; this means a gain in time. In addition, the gyro section and the geodetic measuring section (theodolite) are completely separate and can be assembled using the modular principle using DI shaped plug-in pins. A magnetic compass for preliminary orientation is not required. After switching on the motor, the device roughly shows the direction of rotation to the north and gives itself the pre-orientation. The gyro is almost completely tied up, with the exception of a small margin, which results in simple components for damping and reading. In addition, the invention gives very precise measured values for the north direction; the directional force outside the meridian plane is measured very precisely using a "zero method". The small amount of freedom of the swinging part of the top enables the top WtkKXih; iktt = LiI'QEMi; to lock in the shortest possible way and to release again, and that at full speed. If several measurements are to be carried out one after the other at different locations, the measuring gyro does not need to be stopped, but can continue to run with full or reduced tours during transport, which saves measuring time.

this describes the task and inventive step.

Measuring principle. The north direction is derived through force compensation, using the zero method. For this purpose, the gyroscopic vibrations are aperiodic muffled. Since the force comparison only takes place in a small angular range, e.g.

1 angular degree takes place, there are small components for the damping, who only have to dampen within this small area. On the edge of this area there are delimitation marks, which are also designed as contact marks; with concern Control lamps on these marks indicate in which direction of rotation "North" is. This direction is indicated over the entire 360 ° area. It is therefore cooked not possible to confuse north and south. One rotates until the "oscillating part" detaches from brands; then you have north, and very roughly.

The measurement of the north direction is based on the calm position of the not running Gyro. In this state, a refusal token (12) of the oscillating (or in this case the rotating part consists of a zero mark (11) of the stationary part a. The gyro starts to run up. If the gyro axis happens to be true north aligned, nothing changes; Pointer (12) and zero markers (11) play on other one. If, however, the gyro axis is not pointing to the north by chance, then try they to adjust themselves to the north within the framework of the possible, still free play of forces; the pointer (12) moves away from the zero mark. The invention corrects now This migration with an adjusting force acting on the gyroscope, e.g. an adjusting spring until the pointer (12) moves back to (11). This adjustment force is according to the invention measured and displayed on a scale, for example; this power is all the greater, the further the top rotates out of the meridian plane. That is called this force is a function of the pivoting angle. For a specific adjustment spring this is Repeatable deflection angle. That means, a single force measurement is sufficient to calculate the north direction. In addition, this directional force changes with the geographic one Broad. So you have to know the latitude in order to get the north direction from a Derive measurement.

For very precise measurements, the temperature (e.g. the Adjustment spring), humidity, air pressure.

If the geographical latitude is not known, two measurements are sufficient to find the north direction. One searches east and west of the meridian two directions in which the directional force on the gyro axis is the same; in the middle between them lies geographically north. You can read off these directional forces on a "force"scale; as a by-product there is also the geographical latitude. With a fixed deflection of, for example, 30 ° to the west and 30 ° to the east, the straightening force will be different in different widths, including the adjustment force to be applied, the compensation force.

With a constant deflection angle (e.g. # 30g) of the gyro axis is the compensation force is a function of the geogr.

Broad. Conversely, one can calculate the geographical latitude from the measured compensation force. One way of doing this is, for example, that 1fraf tkal a to be calibrated in the laboratory; the readjusting forces are measured once at different deflection angles and / or in different geogr.

Widths. The measured values can also be related to cos B, if B is the latitude.

It is advantageous not to number the measuring scale according to "force", but according to the angle of rotation α of the gyro axis, based on # = 0 °.

For more precise measurements, the compensation force k is more than Measure twice, based on different deflection angles α. You get thereby a table between k and α, from which one can graphically or mathematically easily finds the point α = 0 in a known way.

The pictures 1 and 2 show an embodiment for a belt hanger Spinning top. However, tops with a different bearing can also be used with this reading and equip measuring device.

On a theodolite foot (1) with a vertical axis sits in known Way rotatable and lockable the pitch circle (2). The alidade (3) is well known Way also rotatable and lockable in the foot (1). The angular position of the alidade The pointer (4) indicates (3) against the circle (2). In a well-known way, the alidade carries (3) nor the telescope (5).

Now for the top part.

The strap (7) is attached to an upper strap clamp (6) on the alidade clamped with the lower strap clamp (6) and gyro (9). The power supply can with one pole over the strap (7), with the other pole over the spiral spring (16) take place. The zero mark (11) is located on the alidade (3), against which a pointer is located (12) of the part (8) (9) movable on the belt (7). In the idle state (12) shows (11). If the top is rotating and its axis is not pointing north, it moves the pointer (12) away from the zero mark (11). According to the invention, by means of an adjustment force caused (12) to point to (11); the magnitude of the force is displayed or

the path is measured and used to determine north direction.

Figure 1 shows a solution for this distance or force measurement.

A spiral spring (16) is centered on the oscillating top with its inner end attached. The outer end of the spiral spring is marked with a pointer (14) and adjusting knob (15) connected, this pointer with the pin (18) in the Alidade (3) can be rotated centrically. The pointer (14) points to the force scale (13) at the alidade (3).

Figure 2 shows a part from Figure 1, this time in top view.

We tied the pitch circle (2) with the alidad pointer (4) for the angle division in degrees. We also see the pointer (12), which plays against the zero mark (11a) (11b). Here the zero mark is shown as a "sensor", for example with electrical Averaging via photocells and a push button, a highly sensitive zero point realized. On the spiral we see the adjuster pointer (14), which points to the force scale (13) shows.

According to the invention, the variant is also possible in which the indicator is also read on the scale (2) will. This is then attached to the alidade, while the violinist (4) takes the place of (2) and is rotatable around the outside of the foot (1). For this case we have indicated the pointer in Figure 2 with (4a).

It is easier to precisely form a zero mark (11) than a scale on which (12) shows its position. This scale should be long, for example, which in turn results in bulky damping parts. The combination (11/12) must therefore be given particular accuracy. According to the invention, this can be done in that a) the marks (11/12) are viewed under a microscope, b) the marks (11/12) are brought into congruence by means of auto-collimation; show an example of auto-collimation we in another context in Figure 3, parts (49) (50) (51), c) the middle position of (11) (12) is indicated by interference, interference fringes and the like. Figure 3 shows a version with interferences with the beam from the light source (32) via multiple mirrors (35) (36) and imaging system (34) to the magnifying glass (11). In the Beam path insd Heel slits (45) (46) built in, which cause interference in the viewing plane of the magnifying glass; the middle position (11) (12) is thus very precisely defined.

d) the light pointer from (32) to (11), Figure 3, mirrored several times is extended and thereby becomes more precise, e) the marks (11) (12) through electronic sensors can be realized. (12) a light source, (11a) (11b), image 2, photocells or photo elements that have a bridge circuit and a Zero indicator show the middle position.

Another variant of the invention is that the mark (11) as a scale to train with the pointer (12) the size of the torsion of the fastener tape (7) below the action of the north-pointing force is read. The scale (13) is in a sense moved to (11).

Figure 3 shows a different arrangement (3) rotatable on the tripod (1). The top of the gyro box has a pin around the the pitch circle (2) or the Alhidahe (31) with the telescope (5) can rotate. the The position of the Alhidahe (31) in relation to the pitch circle is indicated by the pointer (40), the The position of the zero mark (11) against the pitch circle (2) is indicated by the pointer (39). It is also indicated that this time the spiral pointer, the force pointer (13) with (14) does not point to a special scale, but also to the pitch circle (2).

A servomotor (38) for the automatic readjustment is also indicated of the dough (14). The motor (38) engages, for example, in a worm drive of the Pointer (14).

It runs forwards or backwards, depending on whether the pointer (12) is one Contact mark (11a) or the other contact mark (11b), which is the pivot interval limit, touched. (47) (48) is an air damping for the small swivel range of the pointer (12) between the limit marks.

For the automatic fine adjustment it is intended according to the invention, that the motor (38) can still run at creep speed, namely in the range between the boundary marks (11a) (11b) of the interval. In this area is Then there is an electronic sensor that controls the motor via a bridge circuit drives until the middle of the interval is reached.

In Figure 37, for example, the circuit is via (11a) - (38) - (37) closed. Such an automatic readjustment is desirable if one during want to measure with the theodolite during the spinning up.

In picture 4 the top suspension. Will the oscillating part (9) with the lever (43) (44) - rotatable around (41) - lifted upwards in the direction of the arrow and against the clamping bracket (57) pressed, the centrifugal motor is rigidly blocked, even when it is running. To that The lanyard (7) does not bend it is attached to a spring (45) at the top, which the Blade-shaped upper band clamp tack upwards. The cutting edge shape is necessary to to place the band clamp in a corresponding groove when lowering it; so becomes a twist the band clamp prevents.

Finally, Figure 5 shows an arrangement based on the modular principle the tripod (1) has a DIN-Norm-Steckzapien (54a), taken into the geodetic Instruments such as theodolites, target boards, etc., can be used. According to the invention Figure 5 shows a support frame (53) with a DIN standard plug at the bottom (55) which fits into the socket (54a).

At the top, however, the support frame (53) has a DIN standard socket, in which every standardized theodolite fits. The invention thus achieves that standardized Tripods and standardized theodolites, total stations, standardized directional circles can be used.

The gyro box (3) with all the accessories that we have described in Figures 1 and 3 is built into the support frame (53), for example the force adjusting lever (15) with scale (13). The rotary box (3) can be rotated in the support frame (53) by means of a pin (56). The gyro box (3) and accessories are used to determine in which direction the upper strap clamp (6) is pointing. The telescope attached to the top aims to orient itself in this direction. Two variants are indicated. Either the pointer (39) on the box (3) points to the e iIe ;.

circle (2) the direction of (6) and transfer it wisely on the pitch circle. For example, if the pointer (39) points to 80g on the pitch circle, and you know we from the calculation on scale (13) that the band clamp after 25g east of Meridian shows, the north direction is 80 - 25 = 55g. Do you want all geodesic If the angle, measured with the theodolite, moves to true north, then the entire Set can be rotated by 55g; so 55g have to be deducted from all beams.

Another variant, the direction from the top part to the theodolite to transfer is the one arm (49) with collimation telescope on the gyro frame (3) (50), which can be attached with the horizontal telescope via beam (5) and deflecting mirror (52) attracts as well as a target mark (Kirchtun @) in the area. When observing sentences So you take the collimation telescope (50) as a target and leave it at the same time the gyro part automatically determine the north direction. When the top part is done it delivers a scale value (13) which is suitable for calculating the north direction. Two such scale values - after turning the @ ahr @ en (3) provide the geographical Width with.

In this arrangement, the gyro part is a separate component, the can be separated from the theodolite and tripod.

According to the invention, it is also transported separately in a separate mast.

According to the invention it is also provided not only to drive the motor (38) backwards and forwards (Figure 3), but also to let control lamps (60a) b) light up, which tell the measuring engineer whether "north" is to the right or to the left. It is thus possible to turn the frame (3) through the point where the lights change when the gyro is running up. It is useful to indicate the direction of rotation of the lamps with arrows. so that one does not through "south" turns. When changing the lighting (60a / 60b) you go "roughly" through north, and from there you can roughly turn the device into the measuring position at about 50g. There the "zero adjustment" with lever (15), pointer (14), scale (13) is carried out manually or automatically. The north deviation of the upper ligament clamp and the geographical latitude are calculated from the scale values of (13). Finally, the north direction is transferred from the gyro part to the theodolite part - as described above, e.g.

via pointer (39) Fig. 5, or the autocollimation telescope (50) Fig 5.

It should also be mentioned that the scale (13) also before the start-up, i.e. can be read when the top is at rest (exhibition position).

The transmission with pointer (39) or telescope (50) can be omitted, when the pitch circle (2) is fixed in the frame (53) in such a way that its rotation against the frame is known. The frame (3) must also be opposite (53) in its Engage in the basic position. This is "zero" of the pitch circle (2) of the upper strap clamp (6) clearly assigned in terms of angle. If you turn the frame (3) opposite (53) in two fixed positions marked by stop marks or boxes, e.g. 50g to the left, or 50g to the right, then you have two more pronounced measuring positions; since the twist angles are known, the correction of the direction for (6) calculate. The invention thus aims at the frame (3) opposite (53) to snap into three pronounced positions or to be equalized.

There can also be notches for the pitch circle (2) within the theodolite be attached, continue to twist locks in the socket (54), so that when Insertion of the theodolite into the socket (54) of the pitch circle (2) a clear numerical relationship to the strap clamp (6).

Claims (17)

North looking roundabout 1. Nord-Kreisel, i.e. that the geodetic angle measurement and the Determination of north direction takes place at the same time. 2. North roundabout, i.e. the north direction from only one single Measured value is determined. 3. North roundabout, i.e. that those acting outside the north direction Directional forces are measured and / or compensated using a zero method in such a way that that the north direction is calculated from these measured and / or compensation values. 4. Nordkreisel, i.e. that it is hung with tape and a) the power of Belt torsion, b) the non-force resulting from the earth's rotation, c) a compensation force (e.g. mechanical spring) can be vectorially coupled and decomposed, the geographical North and the latitude can be derived from it. 5. North gyro to 1,2,3,4, i.e. that a spiral spring is used as a compensation force is used whose inner end is centered on the top (i.e. in the vertical axis) is attached, while its outer end manually via a pointer and adjusting lever or is moved automatically-regulated along a scale. 6. North roundabout after 5, i.e. that a phase of the power supply for the Gyro over the carrier belt, the second phase over which the spiral spring takes place are isolated accordingly. 7. North roundabout, after 4, 5, 6, i.e. that it has a marking the rest position Has zero mark in different positions to the left and right of the north direction is brought in through force compensation by means of a spiral spring. 8. North roundabout after 7, i.e. that two clearly marked positions (e.g. are given by stops at # 50g) for the gyro frame. 9. Nordkreisel, i.e. that its movement by stops in small Area is limited, the movement in the remaining free area being aperiodic is muted. 10. North gyro according to 9, i.e. that the limit marks are at the same time Protection claims -Contacts are to switch the control lamps on / off and / or switch on control motors, which ensure that the pointer separates from the contact marks. 11. Nordkreisel, dg, that it consists of three components, a) tripod, commercially available with DIN standard socket b) gyro part, with a pin at the bottom and with a socket at the top, c) theodolite, directional circle or the like, commonly used with DIN 0 i-.l- pfen that can be assembled using these shaped pins. 12. Gyro part to claim 11, d.g. that the gyro frame (3) opposite the support frame (53) has two or three distinctive, one-piece positions. 13. Gyro part to claim 11, d.g. that it is for the direction transmission has a pointer (31) on the theodolite, which indicates the direction of the theodolite pitch circle (2) transmits, or that the transmission is carried out by auto-collimation. 14. Light show to 6, i.e. that for the marking of the twist a Light pointer is used, which is mirrored multiple times. 15. Light pointer after 14, i.e. that in its beam a Leel'scher Gap and a Leel'scher double gap is built in, which is near the center mark (11) Generates interference. 16. Zero mark after 7, i.e. that it is under a microscope, or (11) (12) is made to coincide by auto-collimation, or that (11) (12) surch Sensors (pair of photocells) are realized, which in a bridge circuit the deflection display from the middle or readjust a motor to the middle position. 17. Locking device for 7, i.e. that the rotating top locks without kinking the strap.