DE1903568A1 - Manufacture of molded and cast bodies - Google Patents

Description

:! era division of molded and cast bodies

The invention relates to the production of molded and cast iron bodies, in particular made of cement-based materials such as concrete, Mortar and the like.

In the production of concrete form and foot bodies, forms and formwork made of a variety of materials are used, such as hardboard, insulating cardboard, construction, wood, plywood, steel, various types of plastic and flexible formwork linings. The repeated molding or casting it 1st common to treat the surface of the mold or form with a so-called "form oil ¹ * in order to facilitate the detachment of the shape or Gußfcörpers concrete after setting, and easy separation of the mold or GuSkörpers and the form or The mold oils used for this purpose generally belong to the following five categories »

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each of which has a bestiaatea binflufi on dlt surface dt for »- or ÖuSkörper · from prayer» exercises s

a) Knoehenforaul or simple FcraSl. Bite are 3l * without j «dta veiter · «Addition« The use of such helpful foraOle increases the occurrence of τοη bubbles, i.e. a »little individual Cavities in the surface of dee lon- and cast bodies concrete.

b) Forming oils old emulsions and forming agents. Its strong treatment with % leads to a reduction of the center (the surface of the produced fora or cast body has gel in the hardness) and for hydratation discoloration (the surface of the produced fora or cast body has shades of color transitions from light to dark from all over the world on).

o) Cream-like formulas. These are water-in-3l emulsions » where the 3l is the door or continuous Phase forms.

d) Water-soluble biulsions. These are δΙ-in-shipper bsulsions, which tend to have a strong ligation heel and hydration coloring to Terursaohsn.

e) Separation colors. Suroh the use of such materials can because of the reduction in porosity, the bubble heals Be enlarged.

Apart toc this one a disadvantages arise when using FomSlen following general ^r aohtellei

1. ForaSle can lead to an increased coloration. This is an oreae * or brown discoloration of the The surface of the concrete fora or body is the same cannot be removed.

2. The use of ForaSl is only sufficient for one fora or uuSkOrper «so that the application according to any forum or @ ie-ββη to be repeated eufl.

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3. Bel absorbent forms or formwork (ζ. Β. From Hols)

the formal must be applied shortly before glazing, if it should be effective. Bas means that before each use only a limited part of the surface is treated can be.

4. Many molding oils are easily exposed to rain from the upper heights the molds or formwork washed off if the preparation and / or pouring is carried out outdoors. Will forms used · which are closed at the bottom, this can be done cause the Fortnöl to collect in the lower part of the mold.

It has now been established that graphite or other solid Release agents, i.e. agents used as separating agents between the surfaces the molds and formwork and the material on cement base, for example concrete, act as coherent Film or coating on the surfaces of the molds and Formwork for molding and pouring concrete or other materials can be applied adhesive to cement basls. This means that formalities of the type described above can be dispensed with.

The inventions ^ Qe form or formwork for use in Molding or pouring concrete and other cement-based materials is characterized by the fact that the surface of the Form or formwork »which comes into contact with the concrete or other material on cement baala during use, with a cohesive film or overlay of a solid Removal tape is provided in order to facilitate the removal of the fon »- or To facilitate cast doors from the fora or formwork.

Daa inventive procedure for preparing a forum or formwork is characterized by the fact that a solid "venting means as a cohesive film or coating on the upper

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η5ctie the form or formwork is applied «which in the Use with the concrete or other cement-based material in contact.

The method according to the invention for molding or pouring concrete and other cement-based materials is characterized by it selected a cement-containing composition (i.e. suitable for making concrete or mortar) in a mold or suspension is introduced and can set in it, and that the surfaces in contact with this composition the form or composition with alaeia related film or coated with a solid abrasive.

The solid release agent should generally consist of chemically "active solid substances with low visual strength" so that it is exposed to the concrete or other material. Cement base does not interfere with each other. Graphite has a low shear strength and an inert lasellar structure, so it is preferred as a release agent. Other preferred solid release agents for use in accordance with the invention are, for example, talc, vermiculite, tem and mica. The particle size of the release agent adhered to the perm or formwork does not exceed 0.251 mm (corresponding to 60 mesh British Standard} »because it is difficult to achieve a satisfactory coverage with larger particles Graphite is expediently no larger than 10yu and, in the case of graphite, is preferably IyU.

The fixed AblSsemlttel is two-way catfish with the help of a suitable binder applied to the form or formwork. The binder should be as insoluble as possible in water.

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It has been established that organic · resins, carbohydrates and more specific materials such as polyvinyl acetate for this purpose are particularly suitable.

Graphite or other solid release tape is preferred applied as a dispersion in a suitable volatile and liquid carrier, which also contains the binder. The dispersion coating is applied gleioha & Sig, followed by the liquid The carrier evaporates and adheres to the fora or formwork applied solid release agent remains. The carrier liquid appropriately has a high evaporation rate, such as industrially produced denatured alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, turpentine substitute or volatile mineral oil fractions to allow the coating to dry accelerate. Water can also be used as a carrier liquid preferably using a water-based emulsion as the binder, e.g., an aqueous emulsion of Polyvinyl acetate to form a water-resistant release agent film to obtain. However, water tends to increase the grain size on certain molded or paving surfaces (ζ · Β. Timber), as a result of which undesirable surface defects occur to a greater extent on the moldings and castings produced. The usage of Compared to the organic liquids mentioned, water as a carrier liquid has the advantage that it is not flammable is. The graphite or other solid release material is used in the Carrier liquid dispersed, the preferred medium The size of the sealed particles, as mentioned, is not bigger than 5Ο / 1. Coarser dispersions lead to rough coatings. with poor coverage. A binder is preferably chosen that also acts as a dispersing or suspending agent serves to keep the solid substance in dispersion during storage to keep and to prevent the formation of flakes and clogging, the rough surface coatings old poor deodorant

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can lead"

An example of a separate binding agent is W / Bositt von der

powder Ooapai & y · U «ice flookeabllduag and thickening To avoid this, a separate surface-active cover can be added to the dispersion atrah.

The * Dieperslon used for the coating of Porouta and Seoeltaehe has preferably a? Estetoffgebe.lt ▼ on 0.1 to 50 sewing TellohengrOSe of the solid Ablueealttels and the ansavend en process snr Aofbrlogmig the dispersion from. Been so 1st found, for example "DA8 a content of 2 Gev.-ji graphite having a Bittleren TellehengrOSe tob about 1 β for aufaustreichendβ dispersions particularly advantageous 1st" while a content of 1 part by weight 56 of the same graphite particularly advantageous 1st "vena the Dispers Ions sprayed on «should be grounded.

The dispersion vird zveeka & eigerwelse streamed. D & su should sveoksS * the rheological properties of the dispersion Common catfish on a well-known from the division of colors Kind to be set. Katurlloh lESiutea, if she's used to rheologlsohna slgensohaften changed u thinks of others Adapt application procedure.

For Tervendung including erflndungsgeaseen method, a colloidal dispersion of graphite in industrially produced 'denatured alcohol is particularly before said Xn experiments has geselgt fled, the use of such a colloidal dispersion as defl Bindeelttel bels GleSen of concrete has the following advantages:

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1. Slat elaelige application of the KoSoldalan Diepereion relent «1« Sufrledenetellender outlet for wiar Oieerorglnge «cw.

3. 01 · Geeaatkoeten (elBeoblieailoh der Arbeltskoeten for dl · The amount to be applied per turn dtr kolbldalan Dlepereion al · Abieeealttol less al · 1η third! the one created by a herbalist itoraOl Costs.

3. The waeaertmieelioho carbohydrate binder binds the apple such a · xaeavaenMrning Vila old good Onaadhaftaag. Starkar Hegen removes the practice aleht noeh aaohea eloh thereby eobidllobe Auevirlnmgen anf dl · Abl8e # elgeneobaft * n baaarkbar

Saa graphite vlrd τοη porSsaa documents Bleat mbraehabar abaorblert and ce sr & lbt β loh naoh da «trootaea« la au · «riohend l» ltbar «r OaarflXeheofHa ₉ ötr den dar Bamstscme g« i »ekf> c» iat. So can the formwork

old to an outsider eaeu and daan sna ol «t« a on ge · '«part * digest * DmrQbtr Mnaue 1st ta aleht aotweadlgt köre. naoh daa on bridges at l7 * i ',. ^ **? sst gl «0ea $ vi # aae at for · - 51 an d« r Ή & 1 let «fio daS a ßvoä * Aasaläl vmt 9®ζ & · ά or groüt Seoalmigefieo & aB dead of the 3mutung Qbersogen be kSsaen«

Mn® pavaascüt · firbtssg 4 BetoaobarfUtehen kaaa avoided digest. Be a fixed term "alttela vlc Talkoa s" lgt Sieb kela ftrbnag. B ·! feet · »ibl & aealttalit vie graphite ta-at each occurring lirbtmg by laaohen or Sohl el f # Q eatferat. The T "rf9rbtmg enteprioht Yadoch not the Sl ^ erfSrhang" dl · peraenent iet.

A gate surface is obtained which is free of blistering and leaving the good adhesion of the graphite dlepereion because it is one size less and matures smoothly porous material on the surface. ForaBle are made of porous material, special construction timber and hardboard, aafgaaaagt _t

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wee does not lead to a change in the replacement means, special also surface defects due to changes in the surface degree of sorption over the store "or formwork surface causes high" what changes in the surface finish of the Seton Your episode has. On the other hand, there is too great a reduction the porosity an increased slase penetration. JDa in the tests carried out the concrete surface were free of blistering marks, it has been shown that the over · = tensile on the one hand there is enough por? 5s, that the enclosed Air can escape or, under certain circumstances, the extremely good ones "" Chalereigengohhaften des Graphltfilrag the movement of the Seton at the form »or« facilitate escape, and the trapped air can escape upwards.

7 «As the! Btoffeine uses «Ifebsj ?. this © Jeioeh a strong g! aQies? ° »

- th surface, the B @% © ti often tends to daisu, hairline cracks® s® bildsB _s ims-UQT- Grund filr & 1 & Bäliiaag @ ia @ s ^ ets @ neu Öb @ rfl «© ränenbri! cheii is. BI- use eiaoe h ^ agaiiieit © raphitfilms veffEiissöe ^ im sligeaeisisa elgeoaehafttn and leads mv production of SuSk8rpern ₈ di © Ii essentially free of; iaarriss @ n are.

The following examples show colloidal dispersi. ^ Ec, the

Inventive as a peeling on the surface of "Concrete forums and SehalußgeE are orphaned know s

Example Graphite (main particle size! Se 1 u) 100 g WW Rosin ⁺ (from Hercules Powder Co.) 10 g

industrially produced denatured alcohol 390 g

⁺ Ro8in of the abietic acid type

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The components of the dispersion are mixed and in one Ball mill ground for several hours, the graphite bleed diaper greed 1st. When used, the diaperon can be old industrial denatured alcohol produced can be diluted as desired.

Example 2

■ The dispersion described in Example 1 can also use acetone contain »bel & ilelsvelse vie in the following composition:

Graphite (mainly particle size 1 fi) 20 g WW Bofcln · 2 g

Acetone 4 g

Industrially produced denatured alcohol 7 * g Example 3

Talc 23.2 "β

W Rosin (from Hercules Povdve? Company) 2.77 g

A ketone 4.00 g

Industrially produced denatured alcohol 70.03 g

The dispersion is based on example 1, the main particle size in terms of the weight β of the talc is with etva

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Claims (1)

- ίο - PA TBWTA 13FEtOHl 1. Fora or formwork "or 3enutung bei" form or oil Of concrete and other materials on Ze «« derbaele daduroh marked, that the surface of the for «or Sphalung, when used with the concrete or other material "It stands on the certificate in 9erHvung * a" coherent one hurries FiIa or cover on a solid cover Is provided "which, when in use, serves to" separate the molded or GuSk body from the for "or formwork xu facilitate. 2. For «or formwork according to claim 1 marked daduroh, that the solid AbIQs means graphite. Talc, vermiculite or contains mica. 3 · For «or formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid release agent contains clay. 4. For «or formwork according to Anepruoh 1 or 2, because the particle size of the solid release agent is not greater than all 4 ·» i · * · 5 "For" or formwork naoh Anepfcuoh 4 daduroh marked "that the usual mean particle size of the solid drainage medium is not greater than 50 ρ . 6. Fora or formwork naoh Anepruoh 2 characterized, ' that the solid separating agent contains graphite, which is usually n3Sig mean part size not greater than tO / i 1st. 009833/1076 SAD ORJGfNAL Τ · fora eier Se & slt3% R * afe tatftrectfe 6 dat ÜWM feete & U9 «f * i *« «2. ertffeifc «erthtttt» deeeea gevicht · - Middle ¥ «tt« Beagt0i · Ml · * »β ι / ι lies. 8 »9om or Seksisag aaolt An« prt: whether 3 tatfufob g «kc« aselehaet, dafi dta £ <§öt # * t) i3aeait «tl T« a «ntWttt and 4 * i« · μ # β altt- for "eier fetal vag -aaefe Aaepsnt" h β "totferoti ilf g «iil €> lit & ttiüg ai« «iezt Τ * ΙΙοϋ · ΕβΓβ ·· dt · fixed «Ic -, - ^ - ^ '1, ^ v ag e »@ ä sS.:i rb ed tr B« br «r« a of claims 1,%; ? -'-. S ^ v ':. ^ iteeaas ^ icbntt, d «t dft · fixed replacement% © 4 · ■; <■■ ■, ■ -, ■ a? E? «¥ * metsesimlSslie & tB Bladeaittels on ΟΙ ^ -ί ^ Ι: ^: - ■ - / ■.": I. <§ & foxti or Eohrnlm ??! MKftfnd » ufgttonoht is. ei! «r Sölseliiäg sßsfe 4a®prtiste! 0 ßifei ^ fe gai * i-u.,.,. *> sheet Blßdoxlttcl ice üatfeflt. IS «form oier SctltftliiBg t» cti eise «or setarerea der AneprQehe 3 · β in ^ 9 Ssdtaittfe gekensseiehaet · ί *« d «e feete AbXö» t- «Ittel ait Riife einer« ftseerfmlOeliohea Bindeaittele ftnf die Obtrfiäe teftead is eufg »brmcht. sisr forb * r®it ^ ae der Fora or Satielfwg aeoh ι dftdasea gekeaaselohauit, d ·· eia feetet AblOee- «ittel ftle staiaeafeinig« ^ «^ Τίΐ- * 4 · τ Cbersue: aaf die OberflSoh · der Pore oder Sefgeaftiaftag ftn ird _t 4Ie at the Bendtsoag «it de« Betoa or aaderea Mftteriftl ftuf Zeaeatteeie In BertHunrag stands. 009833/1076 BAD ORfGfMAL 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the solid release agent in the form of a dispersion in one volatile liquid carrier on the surface of the mold or formwork is applied »and that this dispersion contains a binding agent which serves to remove the solid extinguishing agent to be adhered to the surface of the form or formwork « 15 · The method of claim 14 characterized indicated that the liquid carrier water, denatured alcohol industrially produced contains _"r isopropyl alcohol turpentine" spare or volatile MlneralSlfrakttonen. 16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that that the binder also acts as a dispersing or suspending agent serves for the solid release agent. 17. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that that the dispersion is also a surface active agent contains. 16. The method according to one or more of claims 13 to 17 characterized in that the dispersion has a solids content from 0.1 to 50 wt .- ^ contains. 19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that that the dispersion has a solids content of 0.5 to 10 .-Jö entMlt. 20. The method naoh one or more of claims 13 to daduroh characterized because (3 the dispersion by brushing or spraying on the surface of the form or formwork is applied. 009833/1076
BATH 21. Procedure according to one or more of the stages 13 to 20 characterized in that the solid abrasive graphite, Talc «contains vermiculite or mica. 22. The method according to one or more of claims 13 to 20 characterized in that the solid release agent is clay contains. 23 · Methods of molding and pouring concrete and other materials on cement basla characterized in that the cement-containing composition for the production of these materials is introduced into a mold or formwork, In which it can set, the surfaces of the mold or formwork. with whom this composition comes into contact stands, with a cohesive film or coating are provided with a solid AbISsmittel. 24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that da3 the solid release agent contains graphite, talc, vermiculite, or mica. 25 · The method according to claim 23 is characterized in that the solid release agent contains clay. 009833/1076