DE1903093A1 - Universal joint - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorney Dipl.-Ing. R. Beetz et al. Dip! - Ing. Lcmprecht

Munich 22, Steinidorfstr. 10

-14.226P (14.227H) January 22, 1969

AVIA, narodni podnik, Prague (Czechoslovakia) Universal joint

The invention relates to a universal joint, the journals of which have Sohmierkanäle which are connected to a common lubricating nipple, these journals with bearing bushes are provided, which by means of rebukes or other inlays radially and are guided in the axial direction by means of support surfaces or on the bottom of the bearing bushes, and each bearing bush is on open side has a sifting space in which a sifting is arranged.

You previously known universal joints that are used for transmission Serving torque of shafts, still offer many problems of lubrication and sighting, which vary, but have not yet been satisfactorily resolved

Universal joints are known to have a permanent envelope of lubricants that were used in the bearings were poured in and sealed with stuffing boxes are, with this mean length for the entire life » duration of the universal joint is enough. You provided stuffing boxes

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should also protect the bearings against contamination. These universal joints have the advantage that they do not require ongoing maintenance during their entire service life. Of the The disadvantage of these universal joints is that they special attention during manufacture and when Require installation of the respective seal, if this is to fulfill the task placed on them. Such universal joints are used to advantage where they do not often come into contact with dirt and water. With partial wear of the seal, such joints become very severe destroyed quickly, as dirt and water can penetrate and initiate destruction through corrosion, as subsequent lubrication is not possible.

Other known universal joints have a grease nipple on each pin, which is sealed by means of an annular seal is. These universal joints have the advantage that each pin can be lubricated separately. The specialist part This universal joint can be seen in the fact that it is a require frequent maintenance because the seal prevents leakage of lubricant cannot prevent and only protects the pin against dust but not against water.

Eb such universal joints are also known whose casual means Lubrication channels are connected to each other, whereby the lubrication of the whole joint is possible, what the maintenance facilitates and extends the service life.

The main problem of the previously known universal joints has not yet been solved and consists in "ine to achieve reliable lubrication and sealing of the universal joints. If namely a perfect seal achieved the manufacture of such universal joints, then comes

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it usually leads to damage to the individual seals during the first lubrication. The damage occurs due to the high pressure of the lubricant, which in most cases only has a single seal destroyed their weakest point. The lubricant flows on the damaged seal at the next one Lubrication out, so that only the bearing of the damaged seal is lubricated while the others Bearings and journals with undamaged seals are not lubricated at all. On the other hand leaves the damaged Seal the outside dirt and water inside the bearing, causing this bearing to be destroyed by corrosion will.

So far, various attempts have been made to improve the seal on universal joints. These improved Seals should have the same effect as a check valve, with the lubricant flowing through the Pressure can be squeezed out from inside, in opposite directions Direction of the flow is blocked. Such valve seals have the shape of a shell with sealing tabs or the shape of caps, which under the action of the internal pressure are inflated and let the lubricant escape to the outside. But they seal in the opposite direction and hold back the dirt.

These seals work like a check valve, but have only partially proven themselves in practical operation. The specialist part of these seals is that the lubricant pressure acts on relatively large annulus surfaces, so that these seals are even at very low and in addition, open the lubricant at different pressures and let the lubricant through. This effect is insofar unfavorable, as well as the very small dimensional deviations in the

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Manufacture of these parts and also slight differences in quality of the material used result in different initial pressures when the lubricant is let through which means that the simultaneous leakage of lubricant from all bearings is not guaranteed. Some of these known seals are designed so that they together with the metal base at the same time the axial support for make up the camp. However, this solution does not guarantee either the correct drilling of needles or the desired seal. It it happens very often that with a faster Lubrication the lubricant is pushed into the crevice that was originally intended for a free escape of the lubricant are provided. So there is a complete clogging of the crevice and, as a result, an increase in the Lubricant pressure. If this pressure exceeds a certain limit, the seal will be damaged.

Other known seals, which have the form of sealing caps, cannot be protected from the outside and are mechanical damage and the effects of weather easily accessible, which significantly reduces the service life of such seals.

The problems mentioned have prompted many manufacturers of motor vehicles to create very special protective sleeves, in which universal joints work in an oil bath without a seal. This solution has proven itself in many cases, but it is not always possible to use it. The reasons can be different be like ib.B. Installation space too small, higher manufacturing costs etc.

The invention is based on the object of a universal joint to create in which the disadvantages mentioned are avoided

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and with a consistently good lubrication and sealing of all storage locations is guaranteed.

This object is achieved according to the invention in a universal joint of the type explained at the outset in that in the lower ropes of the cones conical or radius-shaped Reinforcements are arranged on which elastic sighting rings are placed with bias, and that in the area of lower ropes of the pegs viewing spaces are formed in 3? form by circular grooves and are guided by means of threads Ends of the pins are included in storage rooms, the τοη the sifting rooms are separated by circular partitions, which are provided in the area of the lower ropes of the pegs and which form narrowed passages and support surfaces for the criticisms between the spaces.

The circular partition, which separates the laying room from the viewing room, can also be flanged inwards Edge of a sleeve which is inserted into the cavity of the bearing bush from its open side

You through the inventive design of the universal joint The goal parts achieved are that the bearing is sealed watertight, whereby it gleiehstitlg against Sindringen τοη impurities and against escape τοη lubricant is protected. It is not necessary to lubricate this universal joint as often as usual and the maintenance and repair of such joints is easier than with the previous ones known universal joints.

When τοη τοη these joints, the lubricant flows through all the bearings at the same time and presses the old, used lubricant out, which duroh the new shell

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medium is replaced, whereupon the seals close automatically. The seal has a very long service life, as they protect against mechanical damage and weathering effects is protected. The wear and tear is relatively small. The experience gained in the practical use of the invention Universal joints were machined on motor vehicles, which have been exposed to heavy dirt and water for test purposes, have all these advantages completely confirmed. Another part of the goal is to give it to everyone Time is possible to determine the current status of the lubrication and, if necessary, to refill Universal joint is therefore particularly suitable there, -where Universal joints must be used in an unclean environment and where maintenance is difficult, so that is particularly valuable is placed on a long service life.

The invention is shown in the drawing, for example. Show it.3

Pig. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a universal joint; Fig. 2 shows a cross piece with attached bearing bushes, partially cut;

Pig.3a to 3c sections through the pivot pin and the bearing bush and the placement of a seal during assembly and lubrication;

4 shows a detail of a different embodiment FIGS. 5a and 5b show an individual representation of the bearing pin according to FIG Pig.3a in view and in section;

Pig. 6 a section through a different configuration of a bearing pin}

Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of a journal and the Lagerbuohiej

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_ "7 a.

Pig. 8 shows a further modified embodiment of FIG Bearing pin and bearing bush of a universal joint in section;

Pig. 9 half a section along the line G-C of FIG. 8 and the other half a section the line E-E of Pig.8;

Pig. 10 a section through a bearing journal with a bearing bush another embodiment of a universal joint.

The universal joint according to Pig.1 to 3c consists of one Cross piece 1, the individual pin 2 along the middle their longitudinal axis are provided with bores, which act as lubrication channels 3, which are connected to a connection channel 4 which is provided with a lubricating nipple 5. On every A bearing bush 6, which is supported by means of needles 7, is placed on pin 2. The bearing bushes have the porm of a Pot, the bottom 8 of which on the end face 9 of the pin 2 applied, whereby the mutual position of two interconnected shafts 10,11 is secured. Between the socket 6 and the lower part 13 of the pin 2 is at the open Side 12 a sealing space 14 is arranged, in which a sealing ring 15 is inserted, the inner surface 16 of which on the one hand by pretensioning the sealing ring 15 and on the other hand by pressing a bottom 23 provided in the socket 6 is loaded in the direction of a conical surface 17. the conical surface 17 is arranged on the lower part 13 of the pin 2, which merges into a narrowed neck 18, on which the sealing ring is in front of assembly (Pig.3a), Die The surface 17 with the neck 18 is from a storage room 26, in. which needles 7 are arranged, separated by a projection or a partition 20a, which is provided with a support surface 22a for the Needles 7 is provided. So by this arrangement there are two

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independent trees created, namely the sealing space 14 and the storage room 26.

In the arrangement after, the Pig. 1 to 8 are the threads also guided that they are with their outer ends on the side B on the bottom 8 of the socket 6 and with their inner Support the ends on the side A on the end face 22a of the circular partition 20a of the pin 2. Xn the Pig.3a, b, e the assembly and the puncture of the valve seal is illustrated. Fig.3a shows the device at the moment when the socket 6 is placed on the pin 2 and the sealing ring on the narrowed neck 18 of the lower part of the pin 2 lies. In Pig.3b you can see socket 6 as it is on is placed on the pin 2 and the end face 9 of the pin is in contact with the bottom 8 of the socket 6. Simultaneously the smooth circular bottom 23a of the sealing space 14 sits on the sealing ring 15 and moves it from the countersinking of the neck 18 on the conical surface 17, whereby the prestress of the sealing ring 15 is increased is, so that the sealing ring 15 both to the conical surface 17 and to the annular bottom 23a with very high pressure is pressed and the storage space 26 seals watertight. Between the circular partition 20a or 20b in Pig. 10, which shows the storage space 26 and the sealing space 14 separates from each other, and the bush or the pin remains a narrow passage 40. The sealing space 14 is connected to the atmosphere via a very narrow exit gap 27a.

The grease from the pressure lubrication pump passes through channel 3 into the storage room and flows along the needles in the direction of the indicated arrows and then presses on the Sealing ring. The sealing ring 15 rises after being exceeded

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a certain pressure limit, which is 2 to 3 at from the bottom. 23a and the lubricant flows along the Bottom 23a, fills the entire sealing space 14 and escapes through the exit gap 27a. The pin is only lubricated if, after pressing out the old, used grease new fat begins to escape.

The narrowing in the neck 18, which is shown in Figures 3a, b, c is shown, has therefore been chosen to the smallest possible dimensions of the bearing bush 6, especially in the area of To enable sealing space 14. There where for construction there is sufficient space, and where the dimensions of the device present no difficulty, the narrowing of the neck 18 can be omitted entirely and the transition from The partition wall 20a to the conical surface 17 can be designed as a cylindrical surface 18a which constricts the Passage 40 is limited between the bearing bushing 6 and the pin 2 (FIG. 4). When assembling universal joints that these Have embodiment, the sealing ring 15 is pulled before the hone on the needles 7, whereby the needles are held together, io that it is not necessary to remove the needles to hold together by means of lubricants, as is otherwise the case. So there is the possibility of the camp in dry Assemble state

In Figures 5a, b, 6 and 7 are various examples of the Design of the lower rope 13 of the pin 2 is shown. Ia Fig.5a is the basic shape of the lower file 13 of the pin shown. In the direction of. A to B follow one another along the axis of the tap 2 the reinforcement, that is the 1st conical surface 17 "the narrowed neck 18 and the partition 20".

From FIG. 5b it can be seen that the ropes are made from one piece and flg.6 shows the design of this file

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or sections on a separate ring 33, which is on the Pin 2 is pressed on. In the embodiment disclosed in Pig. 7, the parts 17,18,20a are at the neck 18 has been divided and the extension 20a has been placed on the pin 2 separately. The conical face and the sealing space 14 are assigned to a part 31 which represents the end of the lower part 13 and the upper rope of the shaft 10, 11, shown in Fig.1, can bilien. The latter Arrangement is very advantageous for constant velocity universal joints.

In Pig, 8 is another arrangement of a bearing bush 6 shown, which is inserted into the eye of the fork 4 of the shaft 10, 11 and is secured by means of a spring ring 35. The end face of the bearing bush 6 is smooth. area which forms the bottom of the sealing space14 · The Sealing space 14 is limited in this case by a pressed-on jacket 30. In plan section C-G are the Lubricating grooves 37 indicated on the end face 9 of the pin 2, which allow a continuous flow of the lubricant should serve. Section E-E shows the sealing ring 15 » the other surface 16 of which seals against the dexjconical surface 17 rests, with a larger free circumferential gap 24 and between the lower one on the outer side of the sealing ring Part 13 of the pin 2 and the jacket 30 a very narrow cylindrical exit gap is arranged.

A further possible modification is shown in Fig. 10, where the circular partition 20b housed in the bearing bush 6 is. The partition is in the form of a sleeve 32 with inward The edge of the border formed into the opening of the bearing bush 6 is inserted. The edge forms the axial support surface for the threads 7. The inner side of the edge of the

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Sleeve 32 forms the bottom 23b of the directional space 14. This bottom 23b also delimits the passage 40. In this arrangement according to Mg «.5 only the conical or radius-shaped one remains Sealing surface 17 »which is similar to the other embodiments. A certain part of the gate can be seen in the fact that the needles 7 at both ends of the same are forged in the bearing bush 6 are led. In this case, the needles are rolled without any axial friction, which increases the service life.

As can be seen from all of the exemplary embodiments explained above, the basic concept of the invention, i.e. the To separate the storage room from the sealing room, have different construction solutions. In all cases it is the sealing space is in the lower part of the pin and it is separated from the storage room by the narrowed passage.

The device according to the invention can be divided into various areas and have different shapes of the respective exit gap; according to Figures 1 to 3c, 8,9 and 10 is the Sealing space 14 in the open. Sdte 12 of the bearing bush 6 arranged, whereas according to FIG. 7 the sealing space 14 is partially in the part 31 which is very close to the lower part 13 of the pin 2 is housed. The axial position of the journal 2 with respect to the bearing bush 6 can also be changed by the application the end face 9 of the pin 2 on the bottom 8 of the bearing bush 6 according to FIGS. 1 to 3c, 8 and 9 can be determined. According to Fig. 7 and Fig.10, the axial position is determined by the application of the Edge surface 28 of the bearing bush 6 secured to the outer edge 29 of the adjacent parts 31, in which case the is very advantageous for constant velocity joints, the friction surfaces 28 and 29 at the same time a very narrow exit gap Form 27b, which is used for the escape of grease when lubricating through. In the space between the floor 8

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- A free gap 38 can remain on the end face 9.

In the embodiment according to Pig. 8, the sealing space 14 is formed with the aid of a jacket 30 which extends onto the open The end of the bearing bush 6 is pressed on, while the sealing space according to Pig.10 by the sleeve 32 and the partition 20b is limited.

It is also not necessary that the bearing bush 6 and the base 8 consist of one piece in each case; as in Pig. 7 to see, the floor can be self-paved in a known manner; the support surface is through the Disk 36 on the bottom formed by the crimped shell 39.

According to previous experience, the joints have greater bearing play and greater leeway between the individual Threads have a much shorter lifespan than those that are carefully made, even if the seal is very good. Larger bearing clearance and Larger clearance between the individual needles allow a twisting of the thread, causing the whole thing to seize Warehouse leads. For this reason it is very important that the mounting of the universal joints is appropriately accurate and with a small Bearing play is executed.

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Claims (2)

- 13 claims ; 1.J Universal joint, the journals of which have lubrication channels that are connected to a common grease nipple, these pins are provided with bearing bushes, which means Needles or other inserts are guided radially and in the axial direction by means of support surfaces or on the bottom of the bearing bush and each * "bearing bush has a sealing space on the open side has, in which a seal is arranged, characterized in that in the lower Parts (13) of the pin (2) conical or radius-shaped Reinforcements (17) are arranged on which elastic Sealing rings (15) are placed with bias, and that in the area of the lower parts (13) of the pin (2) sealing spaces (14) formed in the form of annular grooves and the ends guided by means of claws (7), the pins (2) in storage rooms. (26) include those of the seal spaces (14) are separated by circular partition walls (20a, 20b) which are in the area of the lower parts of the pin (2) are provided, and those between the spaces (14,26) narrowed passages (40) and support surfaces (22a, 22b) for the Form needles. 2. Universal joint according to claim 1, characterized in that the circular partition (2Ob) ₉ which separates the storage space (26) from the Diohtungsraum (40) is formed by an inwardly flanged edge of a sleeve (32) which is in the cavity the bearing bush (6) is inserted from its open side (12). 909839/0926