DE1807274C

DE1807274C - Capacitive voltage converter

Info

Publication number: DE1807274C
Authority: DE
Inventors: Rudolf Dr.; Gohlke Christian Dipl.-Ing.; 1000 Berlin Peiser
Original assignee: Siemens AG
Current assignee: Siemens AG
Publication date: 1972-04-13

Description

i 807 274i 807 274

1 21 2

Hin kapazitiver Spannungswandler besteht be- bereits gesagt, zur Verbesserung des Leerlaiiffeliiers kanntlich aus einem kapazitiven Spannungsteiler und einer derartigen Resonan/abstimmung ohne Drossel einem induktiven Zwisehenspannungskreis, der in der erweise es sich meistens als notwendig, eine ohmsche Regel außer einem Zwischenspannungsv.andler eine Vorbelastung in den Bürdeiikreiszu legen.
Re?onanzdrossel enthält. Betrachtet man nämlich das 5 Aus der deutschen Auslegeschrift 1170 53t) ist bekannte Ersatzschaltbild (Fig. 1) eines derartigen bereits die Anordnung verstellbarer Körper aus ferrokapazitiven Spannungswandlers, so liegt dort in Reihe magnetischem Material zwischen zylindrischen, konmit der an dem kapazitiven Spannungsteiler abgegrif- zentrisch angeordneten Primär- und SekundMrwickfenen Zwischenspannung u l/ii die Ersatzkapazität C lungen eines Zwischenspannungswandlers bekannt, des kapazitiven Spannungsteilers, die gleich der io Auch diese als konzentrisch ineinander einschiebbare, Summe aller Einzelkapazitäten desselben ist. Das be- in axialer Richtung bewegliche und axial aufgeschnitdeutet, daß unter dem Einfluß des im Sekundärkreis ter.e Zylinder ausgebildeten ferromagnetischen Körper des Zwischenspannungswandlers W fließenden Be- haben die Aufgabe, die Streuindukiivität des Wandlastungsstromes /2, dessen Größe außer durch die lers zu vergrößern, so daß eine echte Resonanz-Sekundärspannung w 2 auch durch die Größe der 15 drossel überflüssig wird. Diese bekannte Anordnung Bürde Z bestimmt ist, der primärseitig im Zwischen- hat denselben Nachteil wie die eingangs beschrie- •pannungskreis fließende Strom /1 an der Ersatz- benen Maßnahmen, d.h. sie bewirkt eine Vcrgrößekapazität C einen Spannungsfall hervorruft. Zur rung nicht nur der primären Streuinduktivität, son- Kompensation dieses störenden Spannungsfalls dient dem auch der sekundärseitigen Streuinduktivität des die Resonanzdrossel L, die so bemessen ist, daß bei so Zwischenspannungswandlers. With regard to capacitive voltage converters, it has already been said that, in order to improve the open circuit, there is a capacitive voltage divider and such a resonance adjustment without a choke, an inductive dual voltage circuit, which usually proves to be necessary, an ohmic rule in addition to an intermediate voltage converter and a preload to put in the Burdeiikreis.
Contains resonance choke. If you look at the equivalent circuit diagram (Fig. 1) known from the German Auslegeschrift 1170 53t) of such an arrangement of adjustable bodies made of ferro-capacitive voltage converters, there is a series of magnetic material between the cylindrical, conical, and centrically tapped on the capacitive voltage divider arranged primary and secondary intermediate voltage ul / ii the equivalent capacitance C lungs of an intermediate voltage converter known, the capacitive voltage divider, which is the same as the io, the sum of all the individual capacitances which can be pushed into one another concentrically. The axially movable and axially sliced means that under the influence of the ferromagnetic body of the intermediate voltage transformer W , which is formed in the secondary circuit of the cylinder, the task of increasing the leakage inductance of the wall load current / 2 is to increase its size as well as through the lers so that a real resonance secondary voltage w 2 is superfluous due to the size of the choke. This known arrangement load Z is determined, the primary side in the intermediate has the same disadvantage as the initially described • voltage circuit flowing current / 1 at the substitute level measures, ie it causes a variable capacitance C causes a voltage drop. Not only the primary leakage inductance but also the secondary leakage inductance of the resonance choke L is used to compensate for this disruptive voltage drop.

der Betriebsfrequenz des Wandlers der induktive Die Erfindung betrifft einen kapazitiven Span-the operating frequency of the converter of the inductive The invention relates to a capacitive voltage

Spannungsfall an der Drossel L gerade den kapazi- nungswandler, bestehend aus einem kapazitivenVoltage drop across the choke L is just the capacity converter, consisting of a capacitive one

liven Spannungsfall an der Ersatzkapazität C korn- Spannungsteiler und einem induktiven Zwischen-liven voltage drop at the equivalent capacitance C Korn voltage divider and an inductive intermediate

pensiert, also dann Resonanz vorliegt. spannungskreis mit einem geschlossenen Wandler-paused, so there is a resonance. voltage circuit with a closed transformer

Es fehlt nicht an Literaturstellen, die sich mit as kern, dessen einer Schenkel von einer eine BürdeThere is no lack of literature that deals with ace, one leg of which is a burden

der Einsparung einer getrennten Resonanzdrossel speisenden Sekundärwicklung und gemeinsam mitthe saving of a separate resonance choke feeding secondary winding and together with

befassen. Beispielsweise sind hier die deutsche dieser von einer an den Spannungsteiler angeschlos-deal. For example, here the German ones are connected to the voltage divider by a

Patentschrift 1144 841, die deutscht Auslegeschrift senen Primärwicklung umschlungen ist, wobei zwi-Patent 1144 841, the German Auslegeschrift senen primary winding is wrapped, with between

1 257 962 sowie die schweizerischen Patentschriften sehen der Sekundär- und der Primärwicklung zusatz -1 257 962 and the Swiss patents see the secondary and primary winding as an addition -

408 200 und 414 008 zu nennen, bei denen eine 30 liehe ferromagnetische Teile zur Erzielung einer den408 200 and 414 008, in which a 30 borrowed ferromagnetic parts to achieve a den

Resonanzdrossel als zusätzliche" Bauelement dadurch kapazitiven Widerstand des Spannungsteilers beiResonance choke as an additional "component thereby contributes to the capacitive resistance of the voltage divider

vermieden wrd, daß durch zusätzlich That would be avoided by additionally s s Maßnahmen Betriebsfrequenz kompensierenden StreuinduktivitätMeasures operating frequency compensating leakage inductance

im Bereich des Zwischenspannungswandiers die vorhanden sind.in the area of the Zwischenspannungswandiers.

Streuindukiivität desselben in einem durch die Größe Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen der Induktivität der an sich erforderlichen Resonanz- 35 Spannungswandler dieser Art zu schaffen, bei dem drossel bestimmten Maße vergrößert wird. Diese ebenfalls durch geeignete Vergrößerung der primär-Maßnahmen laufen darauf hinaus, dem Kern des seitigen Streuinduktivität des Zwischenspannungs-Zwischenspannungswandlers einen einen Luftspalt wandlers eine Resonanzdrossel als selbständiges Baubesitzenden zusätzlichen Schenkel zu geben, so daß element eingespart wird, wobei aber eine Verschlechparallel zu den Wicklungen des Zwischenspannungs- 40 terung des Fehlerverhaltens des kapazitiven Wandlers wandlers ein magnetischer Streuweg geschaffen ist durch Vergrößerung auch der sekundärseitigen Streu-(deutsche Patentschrift 1144 841), oder die Wick- induktivität vermieden ist. Diese Aufgabe wird erfinlungen aufzuteilen und derart auf den Kernschenkeln dungsgemäß durch einen kapazitiven Spannungsanzuordne-i, daß die gewünschte Streuinduktivität wandler der genannten Art mit dem Kennzeichen sichergestellt ist (vgl. die anderen genannten Schutz- 45 gelöst, daß die zusätzlichen ferromagnetischen Teile rechte). einen Streukern mit unterbrochenem Eisenweg bildenStray inductivity of the same in one due to the size. The object of the invention is to provide a the inductance of the resonance voltage converter of this type required per se, in which throttle is increased to certain dimensions. This also by suitable enlargement of the primary measures amount to giving the core of the side leakage inductance of the intermediate voltage-intermediate voltage converter an air gap converter a resonance choke as an independent building owner additional legs, so that element is saved, but with a wear parallel to the windings of the Intermediate voltage measurement of the error behavior of the capacitive converter converter a magnetic leakage path is created by enlarging the secondary side leakage (German patent specification 1144 841), or the winding inductance is avoided. This task is divided according to inventions and in such a way on the core legs by a capacitive voltage that the desired leakage inductance converter of the type mentioned is marked is ensured (see. The other mentioned protective 45 solved that the additional ferromagnetic parts right). form a spreader core with an interrupted iron path

Gemeinsam ist jedoch allen diesen Vorschlägen, und ein Schenkel des Streukerns außerhalb der daß nicht nur — wie für den Ersatz einer zusatz- Primärwicklung verläuft und daß der zwischen liehen Resonanzdrossel erforderlich — primärseitig Sekundär- und Primärwicklung liegende Schenkel des die Streuinduktivität des Zwischenspannungswandiers 50 Streukemes neben dem Schenkel des geschlossenen erhöht wird, sondern auch sekundärseitig. Dies führt Wandlerkern ^s außerhalb der Sekundärwicklung anzu in vielen Fällen nicht tragbaren Fehlern des geordnet und von der Primärw icklung umgeben ist. Wandlers im Betrieb, da, wie das in Fig. 2 wieder- Es ist zwar bereit3 aus der schweizerischen Patentgegebene Transformatorersatzbild erkennen läßt, die schrift 412 097 ein Wandler mit einem geschlossenen Sekundärspannung nach Größe und Phasenwinkel 55 Eisenkern und mit einem mit Luftspalten versehenen abhängig ist sowohl vom ohmschen Widerstand R 2 Eisenkern bekannt, jedoch handelt es sich bei diesem im Sekundärkreis als auch von der Streuinduktivität Wandler um einen Sättigungsstromwandler, während L 2 in diesem Stromkreis. Mit Rl und Ll sind die der erfindungsgemäße Meßwandler einen kapazitiven entsprechenden OtöBen auf der Primärseite des Meßwandler darstellt. Im übrigen unterscheidet sich Zwischenspannungswandiers bezeichnet; I₀ ist der 60 der erfindungsgemäße Spannungswandler hinsichtlich Leerlaufstrom, der einen induktiven Anteil t_0L sowie der Anordnung der einzelnen Kerne bezüglich der einen ohmschen Anteil i_0R besitzt. Durch die bisher Wicklungen wesentlich von dem bekannten Sättibekannten Anordnungen zur Erhöhung der primären gungswandler. Während nämlich bei dem Sättigungs-Streuinduktivität L1 wird also infolge gleichzeitiger stromwandler die Primärwicklung lediglich auf einem Änderung der sekundären Streuinduktivität L1 das β] Schenkel des geschlossenen Eisenkernes aufgebracht Fehlerverhalten des Wandlers in einem häufig nicht und die Sekundärwicklung diesen Schenkel sowie tragbaren Maße verschlechtert. Aus diesem Grunde einen Schenkel des weiteren Kernes umschlingt, ist ist m der schweizerischen Patentschrift 408 200 auch bei dem Zwischenwandler des erfindungsgemäßenWhat all these proposals have in common, however, and one leg of the stray core outside of the is that not only - as for the replacement of an additional primary winding and that the resonance choke required between borrowed - primary side secondary and primary winding located leg of the leakage inductance of the intermediate voltage converter 50 stray core next the leg of the closed is increased, but also on the secondary side. This leads to transformer core ^ s outside the secondary winding, which in many cases is unsustainable and which is ordered and surrounded by the primary winding. Converter in operation, because, as shown in Fig. 2, it is ready3 from the Swiss patent given transformer substitute image, the writing 412 097 is dependent on a converter with a closed secondary voltage according to size and phase angle 55 iron core and with an air gap known both from the ohmic resistance R 2 iron core, but this in the secondary circuit as well as from the leakage inductance converter is a saturation current converter, while L 2 in this circuit. With Rl and Ll, the transducer according to the invention represents a corresponding capacitive sensor on the primary side of the transducer. For the rest, Zwischenspannungswandiers is differentiated; I ₀ _{is the 60 of the voltage converter according to} the invention with regard to no-load current, which has an inductive component t 0L and the arrangement of the individual cores with regard to the one ohmic component i _0R . Due to the windings up to now essentially different from the known Sättib known arrangements for increasing the primary voltage converter. While with the saturation leakage inductance L 1, the primary winding is only applied to a change in the secondary leakage inductance L1 the β] leg of the closed iron core due to simultaneous current transformers. For this reason, one leg of the further core is wrapped around, is m of the Swiss patent 408 200 also in the intermediate converter of the invention

Claims

3 I 43 I 4

Voltage converter one leg of the scatter core and core 1 of the intermediate voltage converter as well

fin legs of the closed iron core from which the Slreukern 2 are aiisgehiUlei as a leg core,

to avoid primary development; the secondary winding It can be seen that the slip core 2 consists of two parts 3

limfaüt only one leg of the closed and 4 with the formation of air gaps 5 and 6 / u-

Kernes. 5 is composed. In the area of the air gap 6 and

In the case of the arrangement according to the invention and thus within the of the two cores together

formation of the two cores is a decoupling of the surrounding primary winding 7 formed space

In the secondary circuit of the voltage converter, the Slreuk core 2 carries the resonance

Flem spreading core ensured. This is the purpose of lung 8, which is connected to the earth-side end of the primary

Is this also a design that is characterized by this? -id winding electrically in a manner not shown here

form of the invention that the scattering core and is connected. The core 1 is on the other hand

Transformer core leg cores with the primary winding 7 wrapped around it, aligned in this way

Core levels are that their legs from the primary winding the secondary winding 9 of the intermediate

timed legs the closest to each other voltage converter. As also from the supervision of the

lying parts of the two nuclei are. Through this 15 Fig. 4 can be seen, the two cores 1 and 2 are like this

Measure is ensured that aligned between the two that their core levels in a common

Cores also lie outside of the within the primary seed plane. As a result, as well as the fact

Vvicklung lying core areas is not an undesirable thing that the secondary winding 9 only the one

magnetic coupling occurs. The two legs of the core 1, but not the parts of the structure, can be

Arranging core levels relative to one another in such a way that it encloses ao kernes 2 ensures that through the

form a common level. Spreader core 2 in connection with dt r resonance adjustment

However, the scatter core and the converter core can. winding 8 only the primary-side leakage inductance of the also be mantle cores; then one will make sure to change the intermediate voltage converter, ur> d although in that the center leg of the converter core is enlarged to such an extent that this stray secondary winding and the middle limbs of both as inductance perform the task of the normally cores additional resonance choke, which is also wrapped around by the primary winding are. If the core is designed as a jacket.

Core it may be useful to make it out of 7 two oval- The Fig. 5 to 7 show an embodiment,

assemble cutting tape cores. in which the two cores are designated as sheath cores

If both cores are jacket cores, they will be 30. F i g. 5 shows a side view in section,

with their core planes lying parallel to one another. 6, on the other hand, the view offset by 90 ° and

arrange, especially since the space requirement is then its minimum F i g. 7 shows a section in the direction corresponding to the plane of FIG. 5

Has value. , vertical plane.

The resonance adjustment is expediently carried out. The closed iron core of the intermediate chip through the gap in the scattering core, which usually bears the reference number 10; be of air gaps, but also for the purpose of achieving the primary winding 11 wrapped middle leg of a firm mechanical cohesion with an intermediate voltage converter is again filled by the secondary winding 12 of the magnetically ineffective material. The spreading ability. In addition, it is possible to have air gaps 14 at the earth-side core 13 in such an on-primary winding end of the intermediate voltage wall 40 order and with such dimensions that a resonance adjustment winding with taps nominal frequency to provide the desired resonance with the. This balancing winding is used in capacities of the capacitive voltage converter on the preferred embodiment of the invention. The air gap 14 in the middle clasp is again arranged so that the leg of the scattering core, which is surrounded by the resonance balancing winding 15 and surrounded by the primary winding, is within the ₄₅ As shown in FIG 16 is closed, which is connected to the earth-side end of the primary and 17 so that the winding direction of this core winding is connected. is perpendicular to the sheet metal planes of the core 10.

In this arrangement, if FIG. 6 also allows further air gaps 18 and 19, he secondary winding of the intermediate voltage converter 50 know.

in the space enclosed by the primary winding according to FIG. 7 the two cores are so arranged is, each of the two core legs in net that their core planes are parallel to each other, This space has a winding, which makes it magnetic. Here, too, the two cores have a common decoupling contributes favorably. looping, primary winding 11 one in the direction of

With this construction variant, you are wrapped around the sequence of the two by it

Stray core in its cross-section which is elongated from the balancing winding around the core trough ^{1, so that the}

a closed area that interrupts the iron path - measuring the two nuclei can be kept small

give the gap, whereby the scattering of the secondary can,

winding is reduced. It may be useful to use the

It is expedient that the primary winding has a leg wrapped in 60 primary windings

Direction of the succession of cores to give elongated windings such cross-sectional shapes that

Has cross-sectional shape. they fill the space within the primary winding

Understandably, it is also possible to fill in just one

the kernels as the mantle core and the others as. O""-""."."""/.!,".

To train thigh core. 63 claims:

The F i g. 3 to 7 show structural design * - 1. Capacitive voltage converter, consisting

examples of the invention. from a capacitive voltage divider and a

In Figs. 3 and 4 it is assumed that both inductive intermediate voltage circuit with a

closed transducer, one leg of which from a secondary winding feeding a load and together with this from one to the Voltage divider connected primary winding is wrapped, with between the secondary and the primary winding additional ferromagnetic parts to achieve one of the capacitive ones Resistance of the voltage divider at operating frequency compensating leakage inductance present are, characterized in that the additional ferromagnetic parts (3, 4) form a spreader core (2) with an interrupted iron path and one leg of the spreader core (2) runs outside the primary winding (7) and that between the secondary (9) and Primary winding (7) leg of the scatter core (2) next to the leg of the closed Converter core (1) arranged outside the secondary winding (9) and from the primary winding (7) is surrounded. ao

2. Capacitive voltage converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the scatter core (2) and the converter core (1) are leg cores with core planes aligned in such a way that their »5 Legs are the parts of the two cores (1,2) which are closest to one another.

3. Capacitive voltage converter according to claim 2, characterized in that the two Core levels form a common level.

4. Capacitive voltage converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the scatter core (Fig. 5. 13) and the converter core (10) are jacket cores that the middle leg of the Transformer core (10) from the secondary winding

(12) is wrapped around and that the middle legs of both cores (12, 13) are shared by the primary winding (11) are entwined.

5. Capacitive voltage converter according to claim 4, characterized in that the scatter core (Fig. 6:13) from two oval cut ribbon beads (16, 17) is composed.

6. Capacitive voltage converter according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the two cores (Fig. 5: 10, 13) are arranged with their core planes lying parallel to one another are.

7. Capacitive voltage converter according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that from the primary winding (11) looped leg of the scatter core (13) within the Primary winding (11) is enclosed by a balancing winding (15) which is attached to the earth-side end the primary winding (11) is connected.

8. Capacitive voltage converter according to claim 7, characterized in that the scatter core (13) in its area enclosed by the balancing winding (IS) an iron path having interrupting column (14).

9. ilapacitive voltage converter after a of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the primary winding (Fig. 7: 11) has an in Direction of the succession of the cores (10,13) elongated cross-sectional shape basitzl.

10. Capacitive voltage converter according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized that the windings on the Tile legs wrapped around by the primary winding such transverse Have sectional shapes that they completely fill the space within the primary winding.

Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings