DE1774495C3 - Method for recognizing objects according to their contour image and circuit arrangement for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Description

Learning ability is limited).

This is strictly determined in the known processes System of identifying features and the limited length of the feature sequences for the objects Different types are two factors that affect the detection of severe shape distortions of the objects make more difficult. Actually, in such cases, an unsafe detection should be displayed and the evaluation be repeated. The aforementioned disadvantage is only avoided in the case of detection arrangements which are pure Carry out classification, for example according to the mask method of the contour images. These systems however, are unable to recognize objects with non-linear geometric changes, and are with it, for example, for reading handwritten alphanumeric texts, many typewriters or Among other things, pamphlets are not suitable.

The invention is based on the object of a shape analysis method of the type mentioned at the beginning and to develop a circuit arrangement for its implementation which is opposite to linear geometric changes of the contour image in the grid are unchangeable and against the non-linear ones geometric changes of the objects to be recognized are largely insensitive and their Determination is free from scanning the contour image along the lines. With the increased Recognition reliability is said to be the ability to recognize the objects or objects not known in advance Objects with contour deviations can be reached when they occur repeatedly.

According to the invention, this object is characterized by what is described in claim 1 above Features solved.

Since the position and the number of reference lines only depend on the course of the contour line of the object to be recognized are dependent, an individual treatment of each object is advantageous depending on its Properties secured. This increases the reliability of the detection (classification).

In addition, because of the individual treatment of the objects to be recognized, the derived interruption features are advantageously not influenced by the position of the contour image in the grid field and are very insensitive to linear and non-linear geometric changes. The method according to the invention is therefore suitable for reading handwritten characters, various typewriters or printed matter and possibly curves. Since the number of derived interruption features is not specified in advance, the method according to the invention enables the interruption features for the objects which, either by themselves or as a result of their shape distortions, to have a different number of characteristic features, and to keep them available as comparison features for subsequent object identifications. The learning ability of the recognition arrangement is thereby expanded

The circuit arrangement for carrying out the method for recognizing objects according to their contour image has, in a known manner, a scanning unit which supplies the information about the contour image of the objects to be recognized and a recognition logic with a classifier. According to the invention, the recognition logic contains a line evaluation unit connected to the scanning unit, which detects the intersections of scanning lines with contour lines of the object to be recognized and generates line type signals , a line evaluation unit which is connected downstream of the line evaluation unit and which generates line type sequence signals provided with a command generator, a code number of the sections of the Forming the contour image and determining the coordinates of the intersections of the reference lines with contour lines, a key number generator with control circuits, a control signal generator connected between the command generator and the key number generator, a rearrangement circuit connected to the ίο key number generator and to the command generator for distributing the key numbers between the channels of a key number evaluation unit that works with the classifier, the ümordnerschaltung, the command generator and the key number generator is connected and the interruption features ale notices.

The detection logic enables the lenses to be evaluated quickly. The high evaluation speed is achieved in that the characteristic ίο features already determined during the object scanning and the decision is already made at the time of the termination of the line-by-line object scanning is present. The detection logic is therefore particularly advantageous where the great value is placed on the low 2 <j time required for detection (input of data in electronic data processing).

On the basis of the specified system of interruption features, recognition devices can also be built which are able to admit objects identify those about which only very general knowledge is available a priori. Such detection devices work as self-learning machines.

In addition to the interrupt features that are to be used as the main features, the system closes is also a number of secondary features that increase the detection reliability considerably.

The invention is to be explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments.

Show in the drawings

1 to 10 examples of contour images of objects to be recognized,

F i g. 11 a block diagram of the detection logic,
F i g. 12 the symbol of a trigger used here,
F i g. 13 the symbol of an AND gate,
F i g. 14 the symbol of an OR gate,

15 shows a circuit diagram of the line evaluation unit ir, i.e. the unit for generating the line type sequence signals of the recognition logic according to FIG. 11

16 shows a circuit of the key number generator of FIG Detection logic according to FIG. 11

17 shows a rearrange circuit for distributing the key numbers generated by the key number generator to the channels of the key number evaluation unit connected downstream thereof and a circuit for the key number evaluation unit according to FIG. 11

18 shows a further exemplary embodiment for the implementation of the key number generator according to FIG. 16,

19 shows another exemplary embodiment for the implementation of the key number generator according to FIG. 16.
no The proposed method for recognizing objects according to their contour image is based on the determination of the features for interrupted and uninterrupted course of individual lines of the contour image by line-by-line digital ejection of the contour image and compilation of characteristic sequences from these features. The present method is illustrated using an example of the recognition of the ten in FIG. 1 to 10 shown

ίο

Numerical characters as objects to be recognized - some characters are shown with distortions - closer explained.

When describing the recognition method, the elements of the grid field that are covered by the contour line are covered, a one and the elements of the grid that are not covered by the contour line are assigned a zero. The elements of the grid that are only partially affected by the contour line are covered, depending on whether their read signal values exceed the quantization threshold or not, assigned a one or a zero.

It is assumed that for the determination of the interruption features of individual lines of the contour image and the compilation of the characteristic sequence of features any process can be used for object scanning. The individual elements of the contour image can in series, in parallel or in parallel, for example with a gap grid, a line or a die made of light-sensitive elements or with magnetic scanning devices with or without intermediate storage can be scanned and evaluated. Process-controlled logical devices also come here for applications in which the program depends on the line-by-line evaluation of the Contour image derived features is changed. In the examples given below, the Scanned through a 28 χ 22 grid, with each vertical line of the contour image in 28 and each horizontal line is divided into 22 elements. The breakpoints of individual lines of the contour image are determined in relation to the reference lines - separating cuts - of the object, which at the transition points from the one number of intersections of scanning lines with contour lines to the other number of intersections of scanning lines with contour lines in the line-by-line evaluation of the Contour image can be determined automatically. As the intersection of a scanning line with a contour line can be the first or the last element of the contour line in the evaluation direction or the first and the last to be taken at the same time. If

Table I.

for example the objects in FIG. 1 to 10 in the top-to-bottom direction within a scan line and evaluated from left to right within the object, the third line serves as the reference line for the number "0"

s vertical line at the transition point of the scanning line with no intersection with the contour line to the scanning line with an intersection with the contour line, the seventh vertical scanning line at the transition point from the scan line with an intersection to the

ίο scan line with two intersections and the sixteenth and twenty-first scan line. For the other digits, the reference lines are used in the same way set.

In general, the reference lines are defined as

is th scan lines at the transition points from the Scan line with one number to the scan line with the other number of intersections with the contour line depending on the conditions of the definition of the reference lines: On the number of

Crossings or the type of transition - the line with a larger or with a smaller one Number of intersections with contour lines, or simply the first or the second scanning line at the Transition points can serve as reference lines -.

You can also determine the reference lines depending on the serial number of the transition point. That means: In the case of accidental distortions of the object, it is sometimes useful to only add a reference line determine when the scan line is with a new number of intersections with contour lines repeated several times in succession. In the case of an ensemble of the to be recognized known in advance Objects can be the most informative transitions from the one number of intersections of Contoured scan lines to the scan lines with the other number of contoured intersections determined by prior statistical analysis and based on these results Set up the program for defining the reference lines. Such a statistical study was made also for the ensemble of the numbers 0 to 9 - Fig. 1 to 10 - made. The result of it The resulting conditions for determining the reference line are given in Table 1 (column 5).

Evaluation step

Name of the interruption feature or the possible comparison feature

2 3 4

Brief description of the identification of the interruption feature (the grid is checked from left to right and from top to bottom)

1 I object
the first
Subclass no
Under
refraction Under
refraction no
test I.
A. a) First
Evaluation
step A \ .42 A3

This subclass includes all objects that
a predetermined number of consecutive scanning lines with two crossings and
do not have a repetitive scan line with more than two intersections with contour lines.

The first scanning line also serves as the reference line
two crossings. The line code word of this
The reference line is linked disjunctive with the line code words of all preceding scanning lines
Interruption checked

"Imposition

iweiUingsschnll

Drawing of the educational feature or of the possible comparison

1 .1 -4

no line no

Sub-b roc hu η μ l'rülung

refraction

/ further evaluation view rode

B \

Bl

Brief sequence of the development of the calculation characteristic (The box is checked from left to right and from top to bottom)

The following cases are possible: \ i The last scanning line with two crossings is used as the reference.

The key number word of the section is formed by disjunction from the line code word of the reference line and that of all subsequent scanning lines.
2) The reference line is the last of successive scanning lines with two crossings, which reference line is determined at the point where the scanning lines with two crossings alternate with one or more scanning lines with only one crossing - which follow the scanning lines with two crossings - if the scanning lines with only one intersection several scanning lines with two intersections follow one after the other.

The key number word is derived from the contents of the line code words of the reference line mentioned, the first of the successive scanning lines with two crossings that mark the scanning with only one crossing follows, and all intervening scanning lines by disjunction forms.

Third evaluation step

Cl

t is appropriate to consider the line trains for objects that have the Abtastzeilenfolgen described in section I b. 2 However, the first of the successive scanning lines with two intersections, which follows the scanning line or lines with an intersection, is to be determined as the reference line. The key number word is formed from the line code words of the reference line and all scanning lines in front of it.

Note: If after the evaluation steps Ib and Ic, the sequences of scanning lines occur again with 2-1-2 intersections are the reference lines and then the next two Identify interruption features according to point Ib and Ic.

Fourth evaluation step

OI Dl D3 Same as under point Ib 1 and in

Annotation.

Objects of the second subclass The second subclass includes all objects that a predetermined number of consecutive scanning lines with three crossings and no scanning lines repeating several times in succession with more than three crossings exhibit.

continuation

AiiswerlungsschriU

Designation of the breakpoint feature or the possible comparison feature

Brief description of the detection of the refractive feature (the shaver is checked from left to right and from top to bottom)

no
Interruption

Interruption

no test

a) First

Evaluation step

El

El

b) Second
Evaluation step

c) third party
Evaluation step

Fl

Cl

el) Fourth

Evaluation step

H\

St.

45

In Table I, A 1, A 2, A3, SI, etc. denote encoded test results or comparison features, the meaning of which will be explained later with reference to Table II.

In the examples given, the objects are scanned along straight lines. The procedure is however, it can also be used with curved scan lines.

The presence or absence of breaks in the line of the object between the intersections in the reference lines are determined by evaluating the disjunctions (logical sum) of the encoded line elements that are transverse or in any other way (e.g. oblique) to the Line running along the reference line. These logical sums are called key figures of the relevant sections of the contour image.

The logical sums are formed for the following sections: (Ό

1. For the sections between two adjacent reference lines.

2. For the sections between any two reference lines.

It should be noted that the lines at the beginning of the object ft.s and there are always reference lines at the end of the object.

In a known in advance ensemble of objects to be recognized such. B. alphanumeric characters

55 The first scanning line with three crossings serves as the reference line. The key number word becomes from the contents of the line code words of this reference line and all scan lines preceding it formed by disjunctions. The lines between the 1st and 2nd Crossing of the reference line.

Same as under point a, but the lines between the 2nd and 3rd have to be checked. Crossing of the reference line.

The last scanning line with three crossings at the point of the Change the number of intersections of several consecutive scanning lines with three crossings to scan lines with a different number of crossings as the reference line is detected. The key number word is derived from the line code word of this reference line and of all scanning lines appearing thereafter up to the object endc formed by disjunction. Checked become the lines between the 1st and 2nd intersection of this reference line.

Same as under point lic. However, the lines between the 2nd and 3rd intersection of the reference line with contour lines must be checked.

The program can be used to divide the contour image into sections for which the key numbers, For example, the logical sums of the coded line elements are to be formed on the basis of the previous ones statistical examination of the objects can be set.

As a criterion for an uninterrupted line of the object between two intersections in one The reference line with contour lines is used to prevent zeros between the intersections of Scanning lines with contour lines correspond to places in the logical sum of the section concerned of the contour image. On the other hand, those occurring between the mentioned places of the logical sum show Zeros indicate an interruption in the line of the object. In those cases where as reference lines the scan lines are taken with two intersections with contour lines, more simple criteria can be used to determine the interruption in the lines of the object, namely the Presence or absence of zeros between the "!" Values in the logical sum of the relevant section. This fact makes it easier to determine the interruption features and the consequence of which is that the coordinates of the intersections in the reference lines are no longer assigned save needs.

The interruption features can also be determined according to other criteria - Schwellweri.

In the case of a previously unknown ensemble of objects to be recognized such as B. Curves of all Type, when determining the characteristic values of production processes, the reference line is always specified if you have a stable transition of scan lines with a number of intersections of scan lines Finds contour lines to scan lines with a different number of contour line intersections. Very general conditions apply to the selection of the reference number: The Scanning line with the greater or the smaller number of crossings with contour lines or the first or the second scan line at the transition point, and so on.

With reference lines selected in this way, the object to be recognized is divided into sections a section by two adjacent reference lines or by any pair of any reference lines limited. The key numbers are formed for these sections and the interruption features are formed from the key numbers derived. The derived sequences of interruption features are automatic compared with each other and the objects to be recognized according to their sufficiently matching Sequences of interruption characteristics sorted into groups. The derived interruption features can also follow can be analyzed by the surgeon in order to be fixed as an expression of the particular object classes will. This analysis also enables the best selection of the reference lines and the best decomposition of the to determine objects to be recognized in sections for the recognition process. Of course can use the reference line sequences as features of the objects to be recognized simultaneously with the interruption features to be used.

The susceptibility of the identified interruption features of the object lines and their consequences decreases if the following rule is observed:

1. The line section in which the number of successive raster field elements touched by a contour line is greater than a certain minimum value ΑΊ is to be assumed as the intersection in a scanning line. The next intersection is to be fixed if its distance from the previous intersection is greater than a certain minimum value X ^ of grid elements. The purpose of these requirements is to render the accidental contamination of the grid field or the colorless areas of the contour lines ineffective. Is z. For example, if X \ - 2 and Xi = 2 are selected, the 4th, 5th, 6th, 13th and 14th vertical scanning lines of the object "1" (Fig. 2) each have two intersections and the 8th, 9th and 12th scanning line each have only one intersection with contour lines.

2. The reference lines are only in the case of a stable transition of scanning lines with a number of Crossings of scan lines with contour lines to scan lines with a different number of Define intersections of load lines with contour lines. This will make the stable transition characterized in that the scan line with a different number of intersections with contour lines repeated several times in a row. Thus, the third vertical scan line becomes the Digit "7" ((Fig. 8). Which has two crossings with contour lines and the scanning lines with none Intersection with contour lines follows, not set as a reference, as their neighboring ones Scan lines have a different number of contour line intersections.

The recognition of objects according to the comparison or interruption features of the lines of theirs Contour image is based:

a) On the pre-subdivision of the two-dimensional contour images of the objects into subclasses, which ίο by the presence of scanning lines with

mark the specified number of intersections with contour lines (Table I),

- The first subclass includes objects whose contour images have several consecutive

'- * gende scan lines with two crossings with

Contour lines and not multiple repetitive scanning lines with a larger one Have number of intersections with contour lines.

- The second subclass includes objects that contain several consecutive Have scan lines with three crossings with contour lines.

- The third subclass includes objects that ^{2S have} several consecutive scan lines

have four intersections with contour lines.

The detection of objects according to interruption characteristics is also based on:

ίο b) On the further subdivision of the contour images of the objects within each subclass according to the sequence of interrupt features relating to of the reference lines - see Table I -. The feature sequences found are with comparison feature sequences of comparison objects, which one for the objects of the different subclasses available, with different procedures - Complete agreement, Hamming distance, correlation, etc. - come into play. at For some distortions it can happen that the object is initially assigned to the wrong subclass will. This pre-classification error can be seen in the sequence of characteristics determined recognize which in this case is not characteristic of the subclass in question. The detection of the objects can also be carried out in one stage, i.e. without subdivision into subclasses, take place.

The comparison interruption features can be worked out in advance and / or in the phase of the automatic or semi-automatic expansion of the ensemble of comparison objects - teaching phase. In the latter case, the interruption feature sequences of scanned objects which do not find any of the existing comparison feature sequences as sufficiently matching partners are stored and kept ready for subsequent identifications of objects as comparison feature sequences. The agreement of the derived and comparison feature sequences is determined according to the above-mentioned method (complete agreement, distance according to Hamming, correlation, etc.). The above-mentioned expansion of the ensemble of objects to be compared is partially automatic if it takes place with the participation of a surgeon, and automatically if no surgeon takes part in the training phase.
Because the identified interruption characteristics

The reference lines are tied to one taking into account the character of the neighboring ones Selects scan lines, and because the break features for the lines between the intersections of the Reference lines with contour lines are determined, is the detection method against shifts of the objects in the scanning field invariant

The conditions for determining the interruption features for the individual contour lines and for subdividing the objects into subclasses in the case of the vertical direction of the scanning lines are given in Table I for the given ensemble of objects. The individual interruption features are indicated by symbols A 1; Λ2; Bi; Bl; Bi, etc.

One of the possible variants of the system of comparison features can be found in Table II for the digits specified according to FIGS. 1 to 10. Several coded feature sequences are used to describe some of the digits in order to take into account the greatest possible distortion and shape deviations of the objects. The designation of the interruption features is the same as in Table I. For example, two main criteria £ 2 Fi G \ Hl and £ 2 Fi Gl Hl are assigned to the character “2”. When classifying the objects, the feature Λ2 - for the number »2« - can also be used.

Table II Possible under-
brachungsmerknials-
follow annotation with Al 35 designation
of
Character 2 3 with Al ] AIBIC3D3
AIB1C3D3
AlBlCXDl with Al 40 zero AlBlClDl
no evaluation with Al Resp ElFlGlHl
E1FIG2 St. complement
possible 45 Two ElFlGlHl complement
possibly y Three AlBlClDl
ElFlGlHl
no evaluation complement
possible Four ElFlGlHl
ElFlGlHl complement
possible with Al SS Five " EiFlGlHl
ElFlGlHl six A1BIC3D3
AlBlClDl fto seven El FlGlHl
ElFlGlHl Eight ElFlGlHl
ElFlGlHl complement
possible Nine

The following criteria apply to the interruption features specified in Table II:

- the criterion for an intersection is the occurrence of two or more consecutive ones in the Line code word. At least two should be between two adjacent intersections in the scan line There are zeros in the line code word;

- the criterion for a reference line is at least that repeating the scan line twice in succession with a different number of crossings with contour lines;

- is the criterion for a line break the occurrence of at least two consecutive zeros in the logical sum of the relevant section between those corresponding to the intersections of the reference line with the contour line Place.

The circuit arrangement according to the invention for recognizing objects according to their Contour image described, which is one of the possible variants of the detection method specified above realized.

The circuit arrangement for recognizing objects according to their contour image initially contains a Scanning unit 30 (Fig. 11), the required information about the contour image of the to be recognized Object delivers, and contains a recognition logic with classifier31.

The detection logic has: a line evaluation unit 32 connected to the scanning unit 30, which the Number of intersections of the scanning lines with contour lines is determined and signals of the line type are generated, as well a unit 33 which is connected to the unit 32 and which generates the signals of the line type sequences. To unit 33 a command generator 34 is connected to which a control signal generator 35 and a key number generator 36 assigned. The task of the key number generator 36, which is also connected to the scanning unit 30, consists in generating the key numbers for the sections of the contour image and retaining the Coordinate of the intersections.

The recognition logic also contains a reorder circuit connected to the key number generator 36 37, which transfer the generated key numbers to the channels of the key number evaluation unit connected downstream 38 distributed. The unit 38 has the task of the interrupt features of the incoming Derive key figures. The key number evaluation unit 38 is connected to the classifier 31, the circuit 37 and the unit 38 is connected to the command generator 34 and the key number generator 36 to the control signal generator 35 and the key number evaluation unit 38 connected.

A unit for calculating the logical sum for the Sections of the contour image and to determine the coordinates of the intersections of the reference lines with the Contour lines are used.

There are also feedback paths in the circuit arrangement for recognizing objects according to their contour image exist that allow influencing the criteria according to which the interruption characteristics of the individual lines of the contour image can be recognized. These returns connect the output of the classifier 31 via a control circuit 39 with the line evaluation unit 32 and via a control circuit 40 with the key number evaluation unit 38, the control circuit 39 determining the criteria of the intersections as well as the gaps, but the control circuit 40 influences the interruption criteria. The repatriations take effect if there is a signal in the system for <> 5 unsafe detection.

The circuit arrangement for recognizing objects according to their contour image also has a row of circuits to determine the additional

Features on. In particular, it is the unit 32 ′ that receives the line type signals from the line evaluation unit 32 according to their position in line type sequence signals between the inputs of the classifier 31 without or with processing distributed in line style signals of line groups, the timing circuit 41, which the Time intervals between the points in time when the intersections were determined, in short the time intervals between the Intersections, recorded. The time measuring circuit 41 lies between the line evaluation unit 32 and liem Klassifikatüi · 31. The same purpose is also used by the time measuring circuit 42, which determines the time intervals between the Commands detected and connected to the command generator 34 and classifier 31.

The mentioned additional features - the time intervals between the intersections of scan lines and contour lines of the object and between the commands, as well as the line types - are displayed next to the Break features applied for identification. The additional comparison features can also like the interrupt features in advance and / or in the automatic or phase semi-automatic expansion of the ensemble of comparison objects - teaching phase - elaborated and are kept ready in the classifier 31. It is important that the additional features with the help of the same Information such as the interruption characteristics to be established.

Fig. 12; 13 and 14 show a schematic representation a trigger, an AND and an OR element that make up the functional units of the detection logic are constructed. The hatched half of the trigger - F i g. 12 - corresponds to the value »0«. The trigger flips in the "O" state when the signals arrive at the inputs 44; 43. If the signal comes at input 45 or 46, the trigger assumes the 1 state.

From the outputs 47; 48 the “0” or the “1” signal are picked up.

The inputs of the logic elements according to 13; 14 are with 49; 50; 51 or 49 '; 50 '; 51 'and the outputs are denoted by 52 or 52'.

The circuit of the detection logic is designed for the condition that the raster lines in the Vertical direction contains 28 elements each.

The line evaluation unit 32 - FIG. 15 - initially contains a circuit for determining the gaps between the crossings, with the number of zeros between the ones in the line code word as the criterion serves. This circuit is based on AND elements 53; 54; 55, an OR element 56 and a selector switch 57 constructed. Unit 32 also includes a Circuit for detecting the intersections of the scanning lines with contour lines, the number of ones in the Line code word serves as a criterion. The OR element 58 and the AND element 59 belong to this circuit and a selector switch 60.

The element 53 detects two consecutive zeros, the element 54 three consecutive ones Zeros, and element 55 recognizes that the sequence in the line code word is one of 00100, 00000. The desk 57 is on the element 53 directly and on the elements 54; 55 connected via element 56.

The circuit for determining the intersections works with criteria that correspond to the code sequences I; 11 or 101 correspond.

The signals of the first code sequence are the Switch 60, and the signals of the two other codes follow the inputs of elements 58; 59 fed. The crossing signal appears at the output of element 59. The detection circuit the intersections and the circuit for determining the gaps are located at the 1 input and the O input of the Triggers 61. The trigger is connected to a counter 62 and the latter in turn is connected to a circuit 63, those for generating the line type signals depending on the number of crossings in the evaluated ^ touch line or in the evaluated and in the

ίο serves adjacent lines. The circuit design and the connection of the circuits for detecting the intersections and the gaps between them to the Signals from lines carrying the individual digits of the line code word generally depend on the selected the criteria for intersections and gaps.

The circuit 63 generates the line type signals as a function of the number of crossings of the relevant scanning line or in the relevant and the adjacent scanning lines, the line type signal having the values n \ ; n2; n3; n4; n5; πβ; ri7; n8 can have.

Signals and their corresponding line types are identified in the following way:

n \ is a scan line without crossings with contour lines - 0 point line -;

"' rf2 is a scan line with only one intersection with contour lines - I-point line -;

rii is a scan line with two crossings with contour lines - 2 point line -;

rA is a scan line with three contoured crossings - 3 point line -;

n5 is a scan line with four or more crossings - 4 point line -;

π6 is the second of two consecutive ones Scan lines without crossing, which follow the scan lines with any number of crossings appear. This scanning line means the end of the character - O χ 2-point line -;

n7 is the second of two consecutive scan lines with two intersections with contour lines, those after the scan lines with any other number of intersections with contour lines or appear after the beginning of the character - 2 χ 2-point line -;

π8 is the second of two consecutive scan lines with three crossings following the Scan lines occur with any other number of intersections or after the beginning of the character - 3 χ 2 point line -;

so The unit 33 for generating the signals of the line type sequences is on memory elements in the form of Trigger 64; 65; 66; 67; 68; 69; 70; 71; 72, OR elements 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 80 and AND elements 81; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86 built, with

ss the trigger, AND and OR elements switched in this way are that the sequences of the line type signals required to generate the commands are sent to the command generator 34 are fed.

From all possible consequences of the line types or from

fto all possible states of the unit 33, only those are effective which are used to generate the control commands Ki; Kl; K3; K 4; K5; K6; K7; K8 for the key number generator 36 - FIG. II -, the reordering circuit 37 and the key number evaluation unit 38

<> s are required.

In the case of an ensemble of objects to be recognized that is not known in advance, the circuit 33 becomes like this designed to make any transition from the

detects one number of the intersections of scanning lines with contour lines to the other number of the same.

The units 34; 35 can represent any circuits known per se.

In the specified embodiment of the circuit 33, FIG. 15, the following are detected: 3 χ 2-point lines through the Circuit part with the storage elements or triggers 64 to 67, OR elements 73; 74 and AND elements 82; 83, 2 χ 2-point lines through the Circuit part with storage elements or triggers 68 ι ο to 70, the OR element 75 and the AND elements 84; 85 and 0 χ 2-point lines by the trigger 71. A 1-point line between the 2 χ 2-point lines occurs, is triggered by the circuit part with trigger 72, OR elements 76; 77 and AND elements 81, 86 recorded. The OR elements 78 to 80 are used for Generation of the signals:

χ = n \ ν nl ν n4 ν «5

y = η 1 ν η 2 ν η 3 ν η 5

ζ = η 1 ν π2 ν η3 ν / ι4 ν «5.

The signal χ is generated when the line that has already been evaluated has a 0-; 1-; 3- or> 4-crossing ₂ s line, while the signals y or ζ when a 0-; 1-; 2-; 3-; or> 4-crossing line can be generated. These signals are fed to the command generator 34.

The inputs of the trigger 64 to 66 are connected to the circuit 63 for generating the line type signals via the line carrying the signal η 8. The O input of the trigger 66 is connected to the OR element 74, at one input of which the AND element 82 is located. The input of the latter is coupled to the output of the element 79, from which the signal y is taken. The signal b4 is taken from the 1 output of the trigger 64, while the negation of this signal appears at its 0 output. The relevant outputs of Trigger 65 to 67 carry signals b 1; b 1; b 2; b ~ 2 or b 3; b 3. The AND element 83 is connected to the 1 input of the trigger 67, the inputs of which are connected to the 1 output of the trigger 66 and the OR element 79.

The 1 inputs of trigger 68; 69 are connected to the circuit 63 via the line carrying the signal π 7. The O input of the trigger 69 is connected to the OR element 75, one input of which is connected to the AND element 84. One input of the AND element 84 is connected to the OR element 78, which generates the signal χ. The! Input of the trigger 70 is assigned to the AND element 85, at whose inputs the trigger 69 with its! Output and the OR element 78 are located. The 1 output of the trigger 68 carries the signal a 1, while the negation a I of this signal appears at the 0 output of this trigger Die_Ausgangs_der Trigger 69; 70 issue the signals a 2; a 2 or a 3; a 3.

The 1 input of the trigger 71 is connected to the circuit 63 via the line carrying the signal π 6. The! Output of this trigger gives the signal c while its 0 output gives the negated signal c

The 1 input of the trigger 72 is connected to the AND element 81, the inputs of which are connected to the circuit 63 via the line carrying the signal π 2 and to the OR element 77. The inputs of the OR element 77 are connected to the! Outputs of the trigger 69; 70 connected. The OR element 76, the input of which is connected to the AND element 86, is connected to the 0 input of the trigger 72. Since: AND element 86 has its input connected to the! Output of trigger 68. At the 1 output of the trigger 72, the signal d is picked up while the 0 output of this trigger emits the negated signal c /.

The command generator BA - Fi g. 15 - is in the circuit described at ^ the die_Signale_aJ; äj; a 2 2; a 3; ä ~ 3; b 1; 5Ί; b 2; b2; b 3; b 3; b 4; M; c; C: d; d and x; y; ζ leading lines connected and have the task of creating the commands K 1 to K 8 depending on the line type sequence.

The key number generator 36 contains a shift register 87 - F i g. 16 - for recording the line code words with triggers 88 ^! ; 88 "; 88 ^{! L!;} 88 ^{! V} ; 88 ^V ; ... S8, a register 89 for intermediate storage of the line code words of the contour image with triggers 90, a shift register 91 for forming the logical sums with triggers 92, a shift register 93 for storage of reference line code words with triggers 94. All registers of unit 36 are connected to one another by control circuits for these registers which are built on AND elements 95; 96; 97. The connection of the registers to the other parts of the detection logic is made by OR elements 98; 99; 100 and AND elements 101; 102. The elements 95; 96; 97 are used to transport the contents of one register to the other in parallel.

The key number generator 36 also includes one Circuit 103 for determining the coordinates of the intersections of the scanning lines with contour lines in the Reference lines. It is connected to the trigger 94 and can be divided into two parts. The first part, to which the AND and OR elements 104; 105; 106; 107 and the selector switch 108 belong, has the task of determine the intersections, with the predetermined number of consecutive ones in the reference line code word serves as criteria. The second circuit part is based on AND and OR elements 109; 110; 111; 112; 113 and the selector switch 114 and has the task of closing the gaps between the intersections capture. The trigger 115 and the gap counter 116 also belong to the circuit 103. The OR gate 107 (Fig. 16) is used to establish the connection between the circuit 103 and the command generator 34 (Fig. 11).

The dual-encrypted line code word arriving from the scanning unit 30 (FIG. 11) first reaches the shift register 87 (FIG. 16) via a line 117. The stored information is transmitted by the triggers 88 of the register 87 via which the signals / Vl; N2; N3; / V4; N5; Λ / 6; N7; Lines carrying NS are entered into the line evaluation unit 32 (FIG. 15). The inputs of the AND element 53 are connected to the 0 outputs of the trigger 88 ¹ ; 88 "; the inputs of element 54 are connected to the 0 outputs of triggers 88 ';88"; 88 '". The inputs of element 55 are connected to the 0 outputs of triggers 88';88»; 88 '^v; 88 ^V , those of OR element 58 to the 1 outputs of triggers 88 ", 88'" The inputs of the AND element 59 are connected to the 1 output of the trigger 88 ′ and to the output of the OR element 58, the output of the AND element 59 being connected to the selector switch 60

The scanning unit 30 and the line evaluation unit 32 can also be used directly, that is to say without the shift register 87 of the key number generator 36 connected.

Are the contents of the line code words not binary, but encoded in a different code or if they have analog values, the channels of the Key number generator 36 (Fig. 11) to form the one Individual key number points of the sections of the contour image have a different structure. Two possible embodiments for this are shown in FIG. 18; 19 shown.

If an analog signal arrives from a photo element 120 (FIG. 18) of the scanning unit 30, this will be first fed to an integrator 121, which at the beginning of the key number formation by a via a line 122 incoming clear signal is set to zero. The integration lasts until a stop signal is received Determination of the next reference line appears, which limits the evaluated section of the contour image. This stop signal arrives via a line 123.

At the output of the integrator 121, a signal is created which is the sum of the signals of all the relevant Elements of the section of a contour image is proportional.

The integration result is dual-encrypted in the analog-digital converter 124 and arrives there Form via an AND element 125 for key number evaluation circuit 38 (FIG. 11) if the other input 126 of the AND element 125 (FIG. 18) is on Start signal is supplied, which determines the beginning of the derivation of the interruption features.

The in Fi g. 19 indicated channel of the key number generator 36 differs from the channel constructed according to FIG. 18 in that a Analog-to-digital converter 127 and accumulator register

128 are used for discrete signal values. The task of the accumulator register 128 is to Summation and storage of the discrete signal values that correspond to the relevant line elements of the section reproduce. The resulting digits of the resulting key numbers are in front of the converter 124 ' the accumulator register 128 is connected downstream, dual encrypted. The analog-digital conversion takes place too the points in time at which the line elements for the key figure formation of the sections are scanned. These times are through the over a line

129 incoming signals are determined. The accumulator register 128 is used at the beginning of the key number formation set to zero by the cancel signal which is supplied via a line 130.

The structure of the detection logic remains in principle the same, even if the interruption features are omitted non-binary key numbers of the sections, that is to say without dual encryption in the circuits according to FIG. 18; 19 can be derived. In this case, however, the criteria for the intersections and gaps are the Scan lines and, for the interrupt features, the predetermined non-binary code groups which are contained in the The resulting key numbers of the sections and the line code words are to be searched for.

Fig. 17 shows the reorder circuit 37 and the Key number evaluation unit 38 in detail.

The circuit 37 contains two channels. The first The task of the channel is to separate the encrypted logical sums that make up the interruption features of the lines relating to the reference lines with three crossings with contour lines will. It is on LIND and OR elements 131; 132; 133; 134 built up The second channel is used to separate the encrypted logical sums from those of the interruption features of those related to reference lines with two intersections with contour lines Lines are to be determined and consists of AND elements 135; 136; 137; 138 and OR elements 139; 140; 141.

The inputs of the elements 133; 132; 135; 136; 141 are via lines 142; 143; 144; 145; 146 connected to the command generator 34 (FIG. 15) and take the commands K 2; K 8; K 6; K 5 and K 1.

The inputs of the elements 131; 132; 135; 136; 137; 138 (Fig. 17) are via lines 147; 148; 149; 150 with

ίο the outputs of the shift register 91 (Fig. 16) and the shift register 93 are connected.

The outputs of the elements 134; 139; 140 (Fig. 17) to the input 151 of the counter 152 to the input 153 of the counter 154 for detecting the one logic in the evaluated amount, or to the input 156 of the counter 157 for detecting the zeros in dsr evaluated logical Sum is over an AND element 155 connected. These counters belong to the key number evaluation unit 38.

The output 158 of the counter 154 is fed back to the clear input 159 of the counter 157.

The key number evaluation unit 38 also contains a circuit 160 for determining an interruption and a circuit 161 for rearranging the interrupt features.

The interrupt detection circuit 160 has two channels. One of them consists of AND elements 166; 167; 168; 169; 170 and triggers 171; 172; 173; 174; 175, with the 1 inputs of the the latter are connected to the outputs of the AND elements 166 to 170, and is at the outputs 162; 163; 164 of the counter 152 connected via selector switch 165, with which the criterion for a Interruption is set. The selector switches 165 can, for example, have three digits and enable the entry of various criteria for an interruption, which are detected by the counter 152.

The AND elements 166; 167 are over one line

142, the AND elements 168; 169 via a line 143 and the AND element 170 via a line 144 to the Command generator 34 (Fig. 15) connected. The AND elements 166; 168; 170 (Fig. 17) are over a line 176 and AND elements 167; 169 connected to the gap counter 116 (FIG. 16) via a line 177.

The second channel of the circuit for detecting an interruption 160 (FIG. 17) is connected to the outputs ·; 178; 179; 180 of counter 157 via selector switch 151 connected. The selector switches 181 have the same task as the selector switches 165, only with the The difference is that the interruption is detected by the counter 157. The second channel consists of AND elements 182 to 185, the outputs of which are coupled by an OR element 186 to which a trigger 187 is connected Another group of AND and OR elements 188; 189; 190 and trigger 191 this Channel generates a signal for interruption if a sequence of zeros satisfies the interruption criterion In the logical sum, there is Zu between the one-sequences that satisfy the crossing criterion for this purpose is to the elements 188; 189 the output of the counter 154 is connected.

The reorder circuit 161 has two channels, the first of which is used to reorder the interrupt features the objects of the second subclass and the second for rearranging the interruption features of the objects of the first subclass - Table I, Columns 1 and 5 - is used The first channel is with AND elements 192 to 199, those of triggers 171 to 174

809 609/44

are controlled and are at the input of the classifier. The second channel of the rearrangement circuit 161 includes AND elements 200; 201; 202; 203; 204; 205; 206; 207; 208; 209; 210; 211; 212; 213, OR elements 214; 215; 219 and three triggers 216; 217; 218. The task of the triggers is to generate a signal when the interrupt features after the commands Ki; K 5; K 6 can be determined. The AND elements 200; 201 are assigned to the 0 and 1 output of the trigger 175 and have the task of generating a signal for the interrupted or connected line when the command K 6 arrives from the command generator 34 - FIG. 15th

- to create. The outputs of the AND elements 200; 201 - FIG. 17 - are connected to the classifier 31 connected. AND element 202 - FIG. 17 - is is switched to the 0 output of the trigger 218 at which the signal is generated when the interrupt features cannot be checked after the command K 6. This trigger signal controls the AND elements at the same time 207; 209; 213; 219; 185. The AND elements 211 are at the 1 output of the trigger 218; 212; 184

The AND elements 203; 206; 207; 211 and also the counter 157 connected via the AND element 155. The AND elements 204; 208; 209; 212 connected. The AND elements 203; 204 process the command K !, The AND elements 206; 208 process the command K 6 and the AND elements 207; 209; 211; 212 the command K 5. The AND element 205 is at the 0 output of the trigger 216 and the AND element 210 is with the 0 outputs of the trigger 217; 218 connected via an OR element 219. Lines 146; 145; 144 connected.

The output signals of the AND elements 202 to 205 and 210 to 213 are sent to the classifier 31 directly and the output signals of AND elements 206 to 209 via OR elements 214 and 215 fed.

The classifier 31 can have any circuit known per se, and the Yergelich the Comparison code words with the established interrupt features according to any known per se Procedure - complete agreement, Hamming spacing, correlation, etc. done.

The function of the circuit arrangement for detection of objects according to their contour image is shown below using the example of the recognition of the number 5 - F i g. 6 - described in more detail.

The functional sequence is controlled by the following impulses.

- Synchronization pulse 51 to S 28, which place the line code words transport to the other circuit parts of the circuit arrangement for recognizing objects according to their contour image.

- control pulses Vl; V2; V3; which are issued in the specified order for each scan line before the synchronization pulses S 1 to 528,

- control pulses Wl; W2; W3; WA-W5; which are issued in the specified order after the synchronization pulses 51 to 528 for each scan line.

In addition to these pulses, the circuit arrangement for the detection of objects after their Contour image of erase pulses »UO« (reset pulses) for different circuit parts to different ones Times generated.

All of these impulses play a subordinate role, therefore the circuits for their generation are not indicated in the drawings.

> In the transmission of information about the object to be detected by the scanning unit 30 to the other circuit parts of the grid elements are depending on ^r 'o touched by contour lines of the object to be detected or not

ίο assigned different signal values. These signal values are in the present case the binary values 1 and 0. When considering the mode of operation of the circuit arrangement for the recognition of objects according to their contour image is given below under the assumption assume that the object is along vertical scan lines from top to bottom and left to is evaluated on the right. In the example under consideration, each vertical scan line has a 28-digit number binary code word reproduced.

For example, the code word 00000 1111111100000011111100O corresponds to the number 5 in the fifth line and the tenth line the code word 0011100001110000000000011100.

All circuits of the circuit arrangement for

2s recognition of objects according to their contour image are designed for the case that the evaluated scanning lines of 28-digit binary code words be reproduced. Different numbers of digits require a different number of building blocks for the individual Units. The structure of the circuit arrangement for identifying objects according to their contour image however remains unchanged.

The from the scanning unit 30 - F i g. 11 - code word obtained for each scanned line is generated by synchronization pulses 51; 52; to 528 digit by digit via the line 117 - FIG. 16 - transported into the shift register 87 of the key number generator 36. The output signals of the first five triggers 88 '; 88 "; 88 ¹ "; 88 ^1V ; 88 ^{V of} the shift register 87 via the lines Ni; N2; N3; . \ '4;N5; N6: N7; Λ'8 also into the line evaluation unit 32 - Fig. 15 -.

The number of triggers of the shift register 87 connected to the line evaluation unit 32 depends on the criteria chosen for intersections and gaps between them. In the present case, that is Criterion for crossings the occurrence of 2 and more consecutive ones and the criterion the occurrence of two or more consecutive zeros in the line code word for the gaps. This one The positions of the selector switch 57; 60 in FIG. 15 specified.

During the entry of the code word of the fifth line of the number 5 into the shift register 87 - Fig. 16 ~, the signals N 2 appear; Λ / 4 at the 1 output of the trigger 88 '; 88 "at the moment when the ones in the 6th and 7th positions of the code word get into the triggers 88 ';88". The signal N 2 is fed directly to the AND element 59 and the signal N4 to the AND element 59 via the OR element 58. The output signal of the AND element 59 switches the trigger 61 to the 1 position via selector switch 60. The trigger 61 generates a signal for detected intersections. It is detected by the counter 62.

The resetting of the trigger 61 to the starting position before entering the next line code word in the shift register 87 is caused by the control pulse V3, which arrives via the OR element 220.

Have the other digits of the line code word entered into the shift register 87 - FIG. 16 successively the value 1, the trigger 61 receives -F i g. 15 - maintain the assumed state.

At the moment when the trigger 88 '; 88 "- s Fig. 16 - the zeros in the 14th and 15th positions of the line code word appear at the 0 output of this trigger the signals / Vl, N3 . These signals are generated by the AND elements 53; 54; 55 - Fig. 15. The AND elements 54; 55 ic remain blocked while the AND element 53 responds and its output signal via the selector switch 57 and the OR element 220 to the 0 input of the trigger 61 and the latter the

Resets zero position.

All other vertical scan lines of character 5 are made in the same way as the fifth scan line evaluated.

The circuit connected to the counter 62 -, for generating the line type signal 63, generates the signals n \ to π 8 on the basis of the number of crossings of the relevant or the relevant and adjacent lines recorded in the counter. These signals occur between the synchronization pulse S28 and the Control pulse IVl on. The results of the evaluation of characters 1 and 5 at this level are given in Table III.

Table III / cilenart Trigger with the content 0 Trigger with the Commands Control signals / rush no. Contents I. 2 3 4th 5 1 2) Sign ! (Fig. nl 64 to 72 - - - 1 nl 64 to 72 - - - 2 n4 64 to 72 - - - 3 «3 64 to 72 - - - 4th nl 64 to 67, 70 bi <= Ί1 68.69 Al 04 5 nS 64 to 68, 70 to 72 69 - - 6th «3 64 to 68, 70 to 72 69 - - 7th nl 64 to 68.70 to 7! 69, 72 A'3 oil, 03 8th nl 64 to 69. 71 70.72 λ'4 Qi 9 nl 64 to 69, 71 70.72 A'4 Qi 10 nl 64 to 69, 71 70.72 A4 Qi 11th ni 64 to 69, 71 70.72 A4 Qi 12th nl 64 to 67, 71 68, 69, 70, 72 A 6 Qi, 04, QS 13th «3 64 to 68, 71, 72 69.70 - - 14th ni 64 to 68,71, 72 69.70 - - 15th / 73 64 to 68, 71, 72 69.70 - - 16 / il 64 to 68, 71, 72 69.70 A3 01, 03 17th / i6 64 to 69, 72 70.71 KS 03.05 18th "1 64 to 69, 71, 72 70 - - 19th nl 64 to 69, 71, 72 70 - - 20th nl 64 to 69, 71, 72 70 - - 21 nl 64 to 69, 71, 72 70 _ - 22nd

Character 5 (Fig. 6)

1 nl 64 to 72 - - - 2 nl 64 to 72 - - - 3 nl 64 to 72 - - - 4th nl 64 to 67, 70 to 72 68.69 Kl 04 5 / z3 64 to 68, 70 to 72 69 - - 6th / j3 64 to 68, 70 to 72 69 - - 7th / i4 64 to 68, 70 to 72 69 Ki Ql, 03 8th / i8 67 to 69, 71, 72 64 to 66. 70 Kl m. m. da ns

29 Zcilenart 17 74 495 30th - Control signals continuation 2 - Number no. ig. 6) Trigger with the cover (I. Trigger with the
Contents I. Commands Kl I. «4 3 4th 5 - - Character 5 (F «4 - - 9 nl 65, 67 to 69, 71, 72 64, 66, 70 - Oil, Ql, Qi 10 /; 4 65, 67 to 69, 71, 72 64, 66, 70 - - Il n » 65, 67 to 69, 71, 72 64, 66, 70 Kl - 12th «4 65, 66, 68, 69, 71 64, 67, 70, 72 - - 13th n / A 68, 69, 71 64 to 67, 70, 72 - - 14th /; 3 65, 68, 69, 71 64, 66, 67, 70, 72 - QU Ql, (? 3 15th nl 65, 68, 69, 71 64, 66, 67, 70, 72 - - 16 «3 65, 68, 69, 71 64, 66, 67, 70, 72 - 17th nl 65, 66, 71 64, 67 to 70, 72 - - 18th / il 65, 66, 68, 71, 72 64, 67, 69, 70 - 19th n6 65, 66, 68, 71, 72 64, 67, 69, 70 (? 4, (? 5 20th ti 1 65, 66, 68, 69, 71 64, 67, 70, 72 - 21 65, 66, 68, 69 64, 67, 70 to 72 22nd 65, 66, 68, 69, 71 64, 67, 70, 72

The realization of the circuit for generating the Line style signals 63 with the given criteria for the identification of the line types, for example in the case of those in the description of the line evaluation unit 32 given criteria is not a difficult task.

The unit for generating the line type sequence signals 33 is brought into the initial state at the beginning of each object evaluation by a delete pulse UO. The erase pulse UO brings the trigger 64; 67 and 70 directly, the trigger 66 via the OR element 74, the trigger 69 via the OR element 75, the trigger 72 via the OR element 76 and the trigger 65; 68; 71 via the OR element 73 to the zero position.

The state of the unit for generating the line type sequence signals 33 changes when the line type signals n \ to π 8 and the control pulses Kl to V3 arrive not. The line type signal arrives after the line code word has been evaluated, that is, after the synchronization pulse 528.

The signal η 8 brings the trigger 64; 65; 66 in the! Position. The trigger 64 maintains this position until the beginning of the evaluation of the next object, while the trigger 65 changes its state when the control pulse V3 arrives before the evaluation of the next scan line. The trigger 66 is set to zero by the control pulse V2 via the AND element 82 and the OR element 7 <only when there is a y signal at the output of the OR element 79. This signal occurs when the already evaluated scanning line of the type η 1; π 2; was π 3 or η 5 . The trigger 67 is only switched to the 1 position if the trigger 66 is in the 1 state and the signal is present. This task is fulfilled by the control pulse V1, which comes to the trigger 67 via the AND element 83.

The signal n7 brings the trigger 68; 69 in the .ίο 1 position. When the control pulses Vl to V3 and the x signal from the OR element 78 arrive, the trigger 68 works; 69; 70 the same as trigger 65; 66; 67. The signal χ is generated when the just evaluated scanning line of the type π 1; π 2; η 4 or η 5.

The trigger 71 is brought into the 1 position with the signal π 6. It maintains this state until the evaluation of the next scan line begins.
The trigger 72 is set to the 1 position by the signal

4on2 tilted, which arrives via the AND element 51 when the OR element 77 is turned on. The latter is the case when the trigger 69 or 70 is in the 1 position. The trigger 72 is reset to the 0 position by the control pulse Vl, which is allowed through by the AND element 86 and the OR element 76 when the trigger 68 is in the 1 position. The state of the unit for generating the line type sequence signals 33 after the arrival of the line type signals is indicated by the 1 signals a1; a2; a3; b 1; b2; b 3; b 4; c; dam 1-output_der trigger 64 to 72 and the negated signals a 1; a2; a3; Fi; 5 ~ 2; δ3; 2Γ4; c; rfam 0 output marked this trigger.

The state of the trigger 64 to 72 in the unit for generating the line type sequence signals 33 after Evaluation of different scan lines of the digits 1 and 5 - Fig. 2 and 6 - is in Table III compiled.

The state of triggers 64 through 72 - FIG. 15 - and their output signals indicate the species sequence of the evaluated

From all possible line type sequences, only those are selected which are used to form the control commands Ki to / C 8 for the other parts of the recognition logic and the control signals Qi, Q2, Q3; QA; Q5 for the key figure image

f> s ner 36 are required.

In the specified embodiment variant, the command generator 34, which generates the commands Ki to K 8 from the output signals of the triggers 64 to 72,

The following equations of switching algebra are based:

Ki = «IaJJSaM

K2 = & 1λΜλ5Ϊ

K3 = el au2 ac ν χλ b4

K4 = al au3a ι: ν zaö4

KS = «3λγλΜ

/ C6 = ai aci2 au3ac AdAb4

Kl = b \ AblAb4AC Ay

K 8 = /) 3Λί) 4Λί-

Here, λ denotes the logical multiplication (UN D combination).

In table III commands are given as an example, at the output of the command generator 34 after the evaluation of the scan lines of the digits 1 and 5 - Fig. 2; 6 - surrendered.

The commands generated are in the control signal generator 35 - FIG. 15 - with the control pulses Wl; W2. which occur consecutively after each line evaluation, and the control pulse W5, which the control pulses W3; WA follows, with the control signals Qi; Q 2; ζ) 3; QA; ζ> 5 linked, the control signals Qi; Q2 synchronous with the control pulse Wl, the control signal ζ) 3 synchronous with the control pulse W2 and the control signals QA; QS occur synchronously with the control pulse WS . These signals control the sequence of the key number formation for individual sections of the contour image and the separation of the reference line code words.

The function of the control signal generator 35, as described above, is based on the following equations the switching algebra is based on:

Ql = (K2 ν K3v Kl) AWl

Q2 = KIwWi

Q3 = (K2v K3vK4vKSv K6vK7) aW2

Q4 = (K1vK2vK6vK8] aW5

QS = (K2v K5vK6vK &) aW5

Here ν denotes the disjunction, the logical Addition (OR link) and λ the conjunction, the logical multiplication (UN D link).

Control signals that appear at the output of the control signal generator 35 after the line evaluation of the digits 1 and 5 - Fig. 2; 6 - are given in Table III.

By means of the control commands K 1 to K 8 and control signals Q 1 to Q 5 generated during the object evaluation, the contour image in the key number generator 36 is divided into sections in which the course of the individual contour lines is checked. For each such section, the logical sum of the digit contents of the line code words belonging to the section in question is formed; if necessary, the reference line code words that are used to determine the interruption features of the contour lines are also recorded.

The key number generator 36 is set to the initial state at the beginning of each line evaluation by the clear signal UO.

As already mentioned, the shift register 87 is entered during a full clock cycle through the Synchronization pulses 51 to 5 28 is determined, the Enter the complete code word of the first scan line of the object being evaluated. Thereon the control pulse IV 4 is fed to the first inputs of the AND elements 95 of the shift register 89,

ίο while at the second inputs of these elements the 1 signals of trigger 88 are pending, and the stored The line code word is transferred to the trigger 90 of the register 89. The previous content of the register 89 is not lost, however, it is taken over by the triggers 92 of the shift register 91. This transport process is initiated by the control pulse W2, which opens the AND elements% on which the 1 signals of trigger 90 of register 89 are pending. After this transport operation, the triggers 90 by the control pulse W3 arriving in the register 89 via the OR element 98 in the initial state deferred

The line code words consecutively recorded in the shift register 87 are thus entered into the Register 89 and transferred from there to the shift register 91, the logical sum of the a single line code word is stored.

This transfer of information between the registers 87; 89; 91 lasts until the control signals Q i

so until Q 5 arrive at the key number generator 36. It is referred to below as typical information transmission.

If the control signal <? 3 comes from the control signal generator 35 - F i g. 15 - to the AND elements 97 - F i g. 16 whose other inputs are at register 89, these become conductive and the line code word in register 89 is transferred to trigger 94 of shift register 93. The triggers 94 of the shift register 93 are set to zero via the OR element 100 by the control signal Qi.

If the control signal QA arrives in the AND element 101 and the control signal QS arrives in the AND element 102, the content of the shift register 91; 93 through the synchronization pulses 51 to 528 to the rearrange circuit 37 - F i g. 17 - transported.

The control signals QA; QS that you triggered oh the control pulse WS and the AND elements 101; 102 are supplied, remain at these elements while the next line code word is being entered and are only canceled after the synchronization pulse 528 has decayed by the control pulse Wl of the next scanning line by means of circuits that are not shown in the drawing.

The contents of the last five triggers 94 of the shift register 93 are also processed in the circuit 103 for determining the coordinates of intersections of the reference lines with contour lines which, when queued at the OR element 107, contain at least one of the commands K 2; KS; K 6 the coordinates of the intersections

fio of the reference lines with contour lines of the line code word extracted from the shift register 93. The commands K 2; KS; K 6 remain at the input of the OR element 107 until the next line code word is entered, and are

f> 5 deleted after entry. The cancellation circuit is not shown in the drawing.

The circuit 103 for determining the coordinates of intersections of the reference lines with contour lines

has the same mode of operation as the line evaluation unit 32 - F i g. 15 - with the difference that they only use the number of gaps between the intersections of reference lines with contour lines has to determine the respective reference line code word and does not generate any line type signals

The function of the key number generator 36 is illustrated below using the example of number 5 - F i g. 6 - closer explained

As can be seen from Table III, when the first, second and third digit code words are entered, the typical information transfer between registers 87 takes place first; 89; 9t - Fig. 16 -. At the end of the input of the 4th line code word, the line type signal triggers the command K 1 and the control pulse WS triggers the control signal QA . In the shift register 91, the logical sum of the Zeilenkodewörter of the first section, forming the first, second and third scan line includes While the input of the code word of the 5th scan line in the shift register 87 causes the control signal QA to serially transport of encrypted logical sum of the first portion from shift register 91 via lines 147; 150 to reorder circuit 37 - Fig. 17-.

During the input of the next line code words including the code word of the 7th scanning line takes place between the registers 87; 89; 91 again the typical information transfer. After entering the code word of the 7th scanning line, the line type signal triggers the command K 3, the control pulse Wi triggers the control signal Qi and the control pulse W2 triggers the control signal Q 3. The signal Q \ brings the trigger 94 of the shift register 93 to the O state via the OR element 100, while the control signal Q 3 causes the code word of the 6th scanning line to be transferred to the shift register 93 via the AND elements 97. At the end of the input of the code word of the 8th scanning line, the command K 2 appears and, after the occurrence of the control pulses, Wi; Wl; W5 also the control signals Qi; Q3; QA; Q5. The command Kl remains at the input of the OR element 107 while the next line code word is being entered. The control signal Q 1 clears the shift register 93, and the control signal Q 3 transfers the code word of the 7th scanning line from the register 89 via the UN D elements 97 into the shift register 93. The signals QA, QS switch the shift registers 91 and 93 to Output of the logical sum and the reference line code word prepared. This output occurs while the code word of the 9th scanning line is being input via lines 147; 150; 148; 149.

The code word 001110000011100000000001110O of the reference line in the shift register 93 is fed in places by the synchronization pulses 51 to 528 to the circuit 103 for determining the coordinates of intersections of the reference lines with contour lines, beginning with the first digit. At the moment when the ones in the 3rd and 4th positions of the code word enter the two triggers 94 ¹ ; 94 ″ of the shift register 93, the signals appearing at the 1 output of this trigger toggle the trigger 115 to the I state via the AND elements 104; 105 and the OR element 106 and the switch 108, and the counter detects the first Crossing of scanning lines with contour lines in the reference line code word. The signal Pi of the first gap occurs at the counter output. The trigger 115 switches to the 0 state when the zeros in the 6th and 7th positions of the line code word are in the last two triggers 94 '; 94 "of the shift register 93, and the signals appearing at the 0 outputs of these triggers via the AND element 111, the switch 114 and the OR element 113 at the 0 input of the trigger 115 become effective.

The next intersection is detected by the counter 116 at the moment when the 11th and 12th digits of the

ίο line code word standing one in the trigger 94 '; 94 ". The signal Pi of the first gap at the counter output is replaced by the signal P1 of the second gap.

The third intersection is also determined in the same way, the signal P2 of the second gap at the output of the counter 116 being cleared.

The trigger 115 is also brought into the 0 state by the control pulse V3 via the OR element 113 This pulse also clears counter 116.

The transfer of the code words resulting in the shift registers 91 and 93 to the counters 152; 154; 157 - Fig. 17 - takes place via the reorder circuit 37. The content of the shift register 91 is transported to the counter 152 via the AND element 131 and the OR element 134 by the commands K 2 and KS , which are sent to the output of the OR element 133 appear. The content of the shift register 93 is also fed to the counter 152, but via the line 148, the AND element 132 and the OR element 134. This transport is only effected by the command K6 , which arrives via the AND element 132. The code word in the shift register 93 is sent to the counters 154; 157 by the command AC5, which the AND elements 135; 136 opens via the OR elements 139; 140 supplied. The commands K 6; K 1 transport the contents of the shift register 91 via the same OR elements 139; 140. These commands come from the OR element 141 and open the AND elements 137; 138.

As can be seen from the example of the number 5 (table ill), the encrypted logical sum of the first section from the shift register 91 to the counter 154; 157 by the command K 1, the encrypted logical sum of the second section from the shift register 91 to the counter 152 by the command K1 and the encrypted logical sum of the third section to the counter 152 by the command K 8.

The counter 152 detects the zeros in the most encrypted logical sum. The counting result reaches the AND elements 166 to 170 of the circuit 160 via the selector switch 165 to determine an interruption. The counter 152 is reset to zero by a clear pulse which is generated by the circuit 103 for determining the coordinates of intersections of the reference lines with contour lines - FIG. 6 - and via the line 224 - FIG. 17 - and the OR element 225 arrives. The control pulse V3, which has the same function, also fulfills the same task

(10 element 225 arrives.

The counter 154 detects the ones and the counter 157 the zeros in the encrypted logical sum. That The counter result is also evaluated by the circuit 160 to determine an interruption. the

f> 5 The counter 154 is cleared by the control pulse V3 or by the output signal of the OR element 186, which arrives via the OR element 226. The output of the counter 154 is above the

Clear input 159 of counter 157 sets this to zero.

The first channel of the circuit 160 for determining an interruption has the task of identifying the interruption of the contour line at the relevant points when the command K 2 or K 8, the signal P1 or P2 and the output signals of the counter 152 arrive. The AND elements 166 to 169 are activated when an interruption is detected during the first, second, third or last evaluation step - Table I - in the case of an object of subclass II. The output signals of AND elements 166 to 169 toggle triggers 171 to 174 into the 1 state. These triggers are reset to the 0 state by the output signal of the OR element 225, which arrives via line 227.

The outputs of AND elements 192; 193, which correspond to features E2 or £ 1 of the first evaluation step, enter the classifier 31 when the object end signal appears. The object end signal comes via line 228 when the evaluation of the object of the second subclass is completed and opens the AND elements 192; 193. The output signals of the AND elements 194 to 199 are generated analogously, which the features Fl; <? 1 or H \ for a contiguous contour line and the features F2; G2 or H2 mean for an interrupted contour line in the η first evaluation steps.

During the treatment of the second section of the number 5, for example, a signal appears at the output of the AND element 193 during the first evaluation step and a signal at the output of the AND element 194 during the second evaluation step, since the contour line of the number 5 between the 1st and 2nd intersection is contiguous and interrupted between the 2nd and 3rd intersection. During the evaluation of the 3rd section, a signal is generated at the output of the AND element 196 in the third evaluation step, since the contour line between the 1st and 2nd intersection has an interruption. During the last evaluation step of the same section, a signal occurs at the output of AND element 199, since the contour line between the 2nd and 3rd intersection is contiguous.

The second channel of the circuit 160 for the detection of an interruption has the task of identifying the interruption of the contour lines of the objects of the first subclass - table I -.

The signal at the output of the AND element 182 is the sign for the interruption of the contour line, which is checked during the first evaluation step - Table I - and occurs when the command K 1 arrives via the line 146 Huf. The signals at the output of the AND elements 185; 183 are the uninterrupted features that are determined in the 2nd evaluation according to point a and point c . The first output signal appears when the command K 5 arrives via the line 145 and the second appears when the command K 6 arrives via the line 144.

The AND element 184 triggers an output signal when the command K 5 arrives via the line 145 if the contour line checked in the last evaluation step has an interruption. The AND element 170 must also be included in the second channel, although it is connected in terms of circuitry to the AND elements of the first channel. The AND element 170 generates a signal if an interruption of the contour line is detected during the third evaluation step. The output signals of the AND elements 182 to 185 bring the trigger 187 to the 1 state via the OR element 186 and clear the counter 154 via the OR element 226. The trigger 187 is cleared by the control pulse V3.

The AND elements 188; 189 and the OR element

190 have the task of controlling the trigger 191. At the beginning of each scanning line, the trigger 191 is set to the 0 state by the control pulse V3. The output of counter 154, which corresponds to a certain number of ones in the encrypted logical sum, toggles trigger 191 via the

AND element 188 is in the 1 state. The signal appearing at the 1st output of the trigger 191 is picked up by the circuit 161 for rearranging the interruption features and opens the AND element 155, which lets the key numbers through to the counter 157.

ίο The trigger 187 controlled by the counter 157 detects the zero sequences which correspond to the interruption criterion. If a certain one-way sequence now occurs again in the encrypted logical sum, the corresponding signal appears again at the output of counter 154 , which switches trigger 191 to the 0 state via element 189 and OR element 190. But if the trigger 187 is not toggled to the O state because none of the logical sum matches the interruption criterion.

If a sequence of zeros occurs or no repeated signal appears at the output of the counter 154 , the trigger 191 remains in its 1 state, which is the sign of the contiguous course of the contour line in question. That from the trigger

j5 191 generated in the O-state signal, which is the symbol for the interruption of the relevant contour line, opens the AND elements 204; 208; 209; 212 of the circuit 161 for rearranging the interrupt features, while the signal generated by the trigger 191 in the 1 state, the AND elements 203; 206; 207; 211 of the circuit 161 for rearranging the interruption features is activated.

The second channel of the circuit 161 for rearranging the interrupt features is activated not only by the output signals of the trigger 191 but also by the commands K 6; K 5; K 1 controlled via the lines 144; 145; 146 arrive. With certain combinations of these commands with output signals of the trigger

191 appear at the output of AND elements 203; 204; 206; 207; 208; 209; 211; 212 signals that have the characteristics AI; A2; BI; B2; Dl; Embody D2 .

The output signal of the AND element 203 corresponds to the interruption feature A 1 and the output signal of the AND element 204 corresponds to the interruption feature A 2. The signals at the output of the AND elements 207; 206 appear when the interruption feature S1 is determined and the signals at the output of the AND elements 208; 209 when determining the interruption feature B 2. When determining the

ho interruption features DX and D 2 occur signals at the output of the AND elements 211 and 212 during the last evaluation step.

The outputs of the AND elements 205; 210; 202: 213 embody the interrupt features A 3;

(.5 S3; C3; D3 for the discontinued evaluation. These signals are transmitted to the output of the relevant AND elements by the object end signal arriving via line 229, which is triggered when the evaluation

the objects of the first class is created, passed when the triggers 216; 217; 218 none of the commands Ki; K 5; K 6 recorded. The triggers 216 to 218 are deleted by the deletion pulse »LO« at the beginning of the object evaluation.

When the 2nd and 3rd evaluation steps are carried out at the same time for some variants of the drawing images, the 3rd evaluation step takes place in the first channel and the second evaluation step in the ι ο second channel of the circuit 160 for determining an interruption. When the command K 6 arrives during the third evaluation step, the counter 152 detects the zeros in the encrypted logical sum and the AND element 170 causes the trigger 175 to switch to position 1 when the signal F1 is present in the first gap in the reference line. The determination of the interruption feature Ci during the third evaluation step is started by the signal from the C output of the trigger 175, which the AND element 200 controls. The 1 signal of the trigger 175 opens the AND element 201 and triggers the determination of the interruption feature O 2 . At the same time, the command K 6 triggers the second evaluation step in the second channel of the circuit 160 for determining an interruption in the manner described above.

The temporal superposition of the function of the two channels of the circuit 160 to determine a Interruption brings with it a considerable reduction in the circuit complexity of the detection logic.

During the evaluation of the encrypted logical sum of the first section of the number ί appears in the first evaluation step at the output de; AND element 204 of the circuit 161 for rearranging the interruption features, the signal of the interruption feature A 2. For the number 5, the following sequence of interruption features is A 2 Fi Fi G 2 H 1. In the same way, for the number I di (interruption feature sequence A 2 Bi Ci D ', noted.

The derived interruption features of the contour lines are in the classifier 31 with dor stored comparison features compared. Based on the results of the comparison, the decision will be made by the university determined whether the evaluated object belongs to one of the stored comparison objects or not.

The comparison features can be entered in the classifier 31 in advance or in the phase dei automatic or semi-automatic expansion de; Ensembles of the object of comparison - teaching phase developed , that is, the derived interruption features by manual intervention of the Opera expensive and kept ready as comparison features or that happens automatically if the Correspondence of the derived interruption characteristics with the existing characteristics are as follows: proves insufficient.

The control of the determination of the interruption features of the contour lines by determined « Commands - which can also be obtained by direct feeding of the commands from the command generator 34 to the classifier 31 can be embodied - allows the objects to be recognized to be divided into subclasses. There the security of the detection is increased.

To do this, 7 sheets of zcicliiuiimcn

Claims (21)

Patent claims: 1. Method for recognizing objects according to their contour image, in which the contour image Scanned in a grid line by line, the information obtained by the scanning on the basis of the Allocation of the individual raster points for the formation of line code words coded (implemented) and the Scanning lines, between which the number of ι ο intersections of scanning parts with contour lines changes, are automatically set as reference lines, and the objects finally in a classifier are recognized on the basis of predetermined comparison features, characterized in that ι s that the contour image during or after the reference line definition with the help of the specified Reference lines subdivided into sections, a key number word is formed for each section, by logically linking the line code words belonging to the section concerned are, the key number word in each case with regard to the places that the intersections of a correspond to the reference line delimiting the contour section, is checked and successively determined, Parts of the key number word delimited by intersections for the derivation of interruption features the existence and number of at least one category of job content are checked, with each test result for each object to be recognized in an object group at least one significant possible comparison feature is assigned in the classifier and the Combination of the test results obtained for one object from the test of the numeric key words on interruption features with the combinations of comparison features contained in the classifier can be compared for object identification. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the interrupt features are scanned Objects that do not have any of the specified comparison characteristics as a sufficiently matching partner find, in the phase of automatic or semi-automatic expansion of the ensemble of Comparison objects - teaching phase - saved and for subsequent object recognition as Comparison features are kept ready. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the individual points of the key number words of the sections of the contour image in the case of binary coded digit contents of the Line code words by disjunction of the contents of the positions of the relevant sections corresponding line code words and the interruption characteristics used by the individual Parts of the keyword are derived, by comparing the number of zeros in the respective parts of the disjunction with, one predetermined limit value can be determined. (10 4. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the key pay stations of the key number word for non-binary coded position contents of the line code words fts are formed by integrating these job contents. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the integration result of the Stellcninhalte the line code words are coded binary in places. 6. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at the evaluation of the contour image also includes the length of the key number forms, that of the sequence of interruption features is determined. 7. Circuit arrangement for performing the method according to claims 1 to 6 for Detection of objects according to their contour image with a scanning unit that reads the information about the Provides contour image of the objects to be recognized and with a recognition logic with classifier, characterized in that the detection logic includes: one connected to the scanning unit (30), determining the intersections of scanning lines with contour lines of the object to be recognized and Line evaluation unit (32) generating line type signals, a line evaluation unit (32) connected downstream, with a command generator (34) provided, line type sequence signals generating unit (33), a the command generator (34) downstream, forming key numbers of the sections of the contour image and the coordinates of the intersections of the reference lines with contour lines determining key -! ahlbildner (36) with control circuits, one between the command generator (34) and key number generator (36) connected control signal generator (35), one on the key number generator (36) and one on the command generator (34) connected reorder circuit (37) for distributing the key numbers between the channels a key number evaluation unit (38) which is connected to the classifier (31), the reorder circuit (37), the command generator (34) and the key number generator (36) is connected and the interrupt features ascertains (Fi g. U). 8. Circuit arrangement according to claim 7, characterized in that a disjunctions from the Line code words forming and the coordinates of the intersections of reference lines with contour lines determining unit is provided as a key number generator (36). 9. Circuit arrangement according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that one the Crossings of scan lines with contour lines by comparing the number of ones in the first circuit arrangement determining the relevant line code word with predetermined criteria, consisting of an OR element (58), an AND element (59) and a first selector switch (60), a second, the gaps between the intersections of scan lines with contour lines according to the number of occurring zeros between the ones in the line code word determining circuit arrangement, consisting of the AND elements (53, 54, 55), the OR elements (56, 220) and a second selector switch (57), a trigger (61) connected to the two circuit arrangements, a first counter (62) connected downstream of the trigger (61) and one located on this first counter (62) third circuit arrangement (63) for generating the line type signals together with the line evaluation unit (32) and that this line evaluation unit (32) is connected to a first shift register on the input side (87) for receiving the line code words of the key number generator ^ e) is connected (Fig. 15, 16). 10. Circuit arrangement according to claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the line type sequence signals generating, from triggers (64 to 72), AND elements (81 to 86) and OR elements (73 to 80) existing unit (33) on the input side to the third circuit arrangement (63) for generation of the line type signals of the line evaluation unit (32) and on the output side of the line type sequence signals the control commands for Cen key figure generator (36). the reorder circuit (37) and the key number evaluation unit (38) generating be ι ο malforming agent (34) is connected (Fig. 15). 11. Circuit arrangement according to claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the key number generator (36) for the first shift register (87) Recording of the line code words, at least one second register (89) for intermediate storage of the Line code words, at least a third shift register (91) to form the disjunctions for the Sections, at least one fourth shift register (93) for storing the reference line code words and one connected to the fourth shift register (93) for storing the reference line code words Circuit (103) for determining the coordinates of intersections of the reference lines mil Contour lines contain that all registers have one of AND elements (95; 96; 97; 101; 102) and OR elements (98; 99; 100) constructed circuit are controlled 1 and connected to one another and that the third and fourth shift register (91; 93) on the output side with the reorder circuit (37) are connected (Fig. 16). 12. Circuit arrangement according to claims 7 and 11, characterized in that one at least one on the circuit (103) for determining the coordinates of intersections of the reference lines .t> with contour lines lying second counter (152), one in its first circuit part on AND elements (166 to 169) and triggers (171 to 174) and assigned to the second counter (152) Circuit (160) for detecting an interruption and one in its first, a specific one Subclass of circuit parts relating to comparison features on AND elements (192 to 199) constructed circuit (161) for rearranging the circuit arrangement containing interruption features the key number evaluation unit (38) forms (FIG. 17). 13. Circuit arrangement according to claim 12, characterized in that a plurality of between the second counter (152) and the circuit (160) for detecting an interruption Selector switch (165) for setting the criterion for the interruption of the contour lines is arranged are (Fig. 17). 14. Circuit arrangement ave claims 7 to 13, characterized in that the key number evaluation unit (38) in addition to that in its second, a certain subclass of comparative characteristics relevant circuit part on AND elements (200 to 213), OR elements (214; 215; 219) and (, o Triggering (216 to 218) built-up circuit (161) for rearranging the interruption features at least a pair of counters (154, 157) for detecting the ones and zeros in the disjunctions, the when the interruption mark ι> ς ma'e the one on reference lines with two intersections related lines are evaluated, contains, which with their inputs (153; 156) of the reorder circuit (37) are assigned and with their outputs on the in its second circuit part to AND elements (170; 182 to 185; 188; 189), OR elements (186; 190) and triggers (175; 187; 191) built-up circuit (160) for detecting an interruption are connected, the The output of one counter (154) of said counter pair is also sent to the clear input of the other counter (157) is fed back (Fig. 17). 15. Circuit arrangement according to claim 14, characterized in that between said other counter (157) and the circuit (160) for detecting an interruption selector switch (181) are arranged for setting the interruption criteria (FIG. 17). 16. Circuit arrangement according to claims 7 to 15, characterized in that a return from an output of the classifier (31) via a control circuit (39) to an input of the line evaluation unit (32) to change the criteria for crossings and zeros, between crossings with repeated evaluation of the contour image in the cases when the correspondence between the derived interruption features and the comparison features is not sufficient, connected is (Fig. 17). 17. Circuit arrangement according to claims 7 and 12 to 16, characterized in that one Feedback from an output of the classifier (31) via a control circuit (40) to the circuit (160) to determine an interruption for the purpose of changing the dps criterion for line interruption connected (Fig. 11, 17). 18. Circuit arrangement according to claims 7 to 17, characterized in that a line evaluation unit (32 ') is connected between the line evaluation unit (32) and the classifier (31) which the line type signals of the individual lines or sections between the inputs of the classifier (31) distributed to them as distinguishing features of the objects with the characteristics of the to compare corresponding lines or groups of lines of the comparison objects (FIG. 11). 19. Circuit arrangement according to claims 7 to 18, characterized in that a timing circuit (42) between an output of the instruction generator (34) and an input of the classifier (31) is switched, which detects the time intervals between the control commands, which as Characteristic features of the objects to be recognized in the classifier (31) for identification of the objects are used (Fig. 11). 20. Circuit arrangement according to claims 7 and 9 to 19, characterized in that a further timing circuit (41) between an output of the line evaluation unit (32) and a The input of the classifier (31) is connected, which determines the time intervals between the signals for the crossings detected, soft as characteristic features of the objects to be recognized in the classifier (31) can be used to identify the objects (Fig. 11). 21. Circuit arrangement according to claims 7 to 20, characterized in that for pre-subdivision of the objects to be recognized in subclasses, which are distinguished by the presence of scan lines mark the specified number of intersections with contour lines, an output of the command bildners (34) is connected to an input of the classifier (31) (Fig. 11). The invention relates to a method as described in the preamble of claim 1 above specified genus and a circuit arrangement for performing this method. The procedure can be used in the identification of graphic characters, for example in machine Reading of alphanumeric texts directly from originals for the purpose of entering them into electronic form Data processing systems or for the purpose of automatic transfer of information to others by machine readable media. It can also be used to evaluate complicated curves in the Determination of characteristic values in production processes and other operations. Methods for recognizing lenses according to their contour image are known, in which one can The contour image is scanned line by line, coded and there defines reference lines where the number of intersections is of scan lines with contour lines changes (Lewis, “THE CHARAKTERISTIC SELECTION PROBLEM IN RECOGNITION SYSTEMS "IRE transactions information theory, 1962, 8, No. 2, p. 171-178). According to this method, the objects to be recognized are scanned horizontally and vertically, with only those scanning lines being registered in which the number of intersections of scanning lines with contour lines changes. The result is an n-digit code. The number "λ" corresponds to the number of reference lines. The number of intersections of scanning lines with contour lines is expressed by the content of the corresponding code position. By analyzing this code, the number of codes, the maximum amount of code content, symmetry or asymmetry of the code in relation to the central code and the ratio of the sums of intersections of the first n / 2 reference lines and the following n / 2 reference lines are determined and the feature used for object recognition. Furthermore, a method and an arrangement for recognizing objects according to their contour image are known (Mitulinsky, "On the question of recognizing digital characters", anthology "Questions of computing technology", State Publishing House for Technical Literature of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, 1961, p. 135- 145), in which the objects - digits from 0 to 9 consist of 7 lines, similar to how they are shown in the Seifcheck font, namely two possibly interrupted vertical lines at the beginning of the character, two vertical lines at the end of the character and three horizontal lines in the area of the character, which is delimited by the vertical lines at the beginning and at the end of the character (see also Steinbuch, "Taschenbuch der Nachrichtenverarbeitung", 2nd edition, p. 754 ff, in particular p. 766). If the presence of a dash is expressed by the logical signal "1" and the absence of a dash is expressed by the logical signal "0", any number can be represented by a seven-digit code. When analyzing the object to be recognized, the previously defined sub-areas become more specific Size within the scanning field checked for the presence of the lines. The presence of a vertical line is not only confirmed by finding the elements of the contours never at the beginning or end of the scanning field> determined, but also by the additional) finding a horizontal line in a certain ten proximity of these elements. In this way, the continuity and the interruption are also de Contour line in the previously defined sub-areas i ίο of the sign expressed by the content de Codes that refer to the vertical bars. Methods for recognizing voi are also known Objects according to their contours using masks (Andre Deweze, »The present« f ^c . Status of the automatic reading process "Autonialisnn - Vol. VII, No. 6, June 1962, p. 230), in which the zi recognizable characters are on a strip of paper that is pushed into a first level. A second level contains a large central lens which is surrounded by small incandescent lamps, the focusing and alignment of which is carried out in such a way that their scanning rays illuminate the characters presented evenly. The reflected light passes through the lens in the second plane and forms an image into one 2s third level which has a photo mask and a grid voi contains small lenses behind this mask. The mask consists of a 25 χ 25 grid, a grid mi "Large" diamonds with a side length of 0.5 mm, which in turn are subdivided into 5 χ 5 "small" diamonds. Back each large diamond has a small lens. The images formed by these 625 small lenses are superimposed on a fourth level, which contains a 5 χ 5 photocell grid as follows. In every big diamond is a small diamond to identify a character. Dii small diamonds are within the contours of the object, e.g. B. the number 2, translucent and outside of the reverberation impermeable. If the number 2 is projected, the corresponding photocell in the fourth level receives wedge Light when the shape and centering of the projected character exactly match those of the diamonds which were chosen to determine the large diamonds, the small translucent or impermeable must contain diamonds. In reality there are two cells per recognizable character and the one belonging to it Masks available; the voltage difference between the two cells thus provides the coincidence degree between the character to be recognized and the masks in the third level. It is the use a grid of 144 cells to allow recognition of a system of 72 characters Due to its nature, the device enables the detection of a considerable number of different types. The known methods and arrangements zi their implementation recognize the objects with relatl · low security or are quite sensitive gegei Fonnabweichungen of objects, because they have a limited hours th position of the contour image in the grid require Further, since the number of sections of the Konturenbil of where Characteristic features are ascertained, or the number of features to be ascertained is determined in advance , they accordingly have a limited ability to recognize the repeated occurrence of the objects which have some changes in gradation or a different number of characterizing features due to their shape deviations id. H. your"