DE1772991A1 - Method for generating tones of a well-tempered scale - Google Patents

Description

Dipl.-Ing. HORST AUER

Anmalder: NY PHILIP ¹ GLüEiUälPENFABRIEKEN

AkIe: PHN- 2533
Registration from: June 30, 1968

Method for producing tone of a well-tempered tone Scale.

The invention relates to a method for generating Toning according to a preferably almost well-tempered scale in an electronic musical instrument.

In a known method, τοη a number "*" becomes more free-running Assumed oscillators that are equal to the number τοη tones per Octave is which oscillators are tuned to a different pitch The one or more octaves lower tones are medium · two-parters are derived from the tones by oscillators.

Of course, if you are upset, you will ode several of these oscillators detune all tones derived therefrom, ■ o that the instrument becomes flaeoh. ~~

In the method according to the invention, this disadvantage becomes

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PHH. 2533.

thereby avoiding at least one signal indicating the location of the musical scale determined and each of the remaining tones of the octave each from the Difference · frequency of a rushing tone and the l / m. Part of the frequency of a third tone, where β is an integer.

Duroh suitable choice of the number m will be the frequencies of the the remaining tones of the octave are fixed in relation to the frequencies of the free-running oscillators, so that the mutual frequency relationships, fc which require the correct tuning of the instrument, more constant stay.

If one chooses, for example, in the system of 31 tones per octave, where the intervals between two consecutive tones are -JVj *, the divisor m is 37, "o becomes f ₁₀ - f ₉ " 1/74 f ₃₂ - 1/37 ^ ₁ - 0.0270270,

which value only deviates by 1.3 ζ 10 ~ ^ from the correct value of 0.0270405, which deviation is not noticed by Ohr. The frequency f ₁ is felt to be Von equal to 1.0.

Depending on the type of scale and / or the circuit used, it may be advantageous m not to be the same for all tones choose. E.g. for the tones of an octave according to the pure tuning m in the order equal to 5, 4, 3 and 2 can be selected so that you see the following meetings result!

° 2 "° 2 - 1 / 5A ₁ *1 - ° 2 - 1 / 4f, * _t "° 2 - 1 / 4O ₂ "1 "° 2 - i / 2f. ^f 1 - ° 2 - ΐ / 2 _βι • i - ° 2 - 1 / 3I ₁ ^d 1 - «i 8/0875 1 0982 BATH ORIGINAL

PH ». 2533.

In another form of the method according to the invention in particular sun generation of tones corresponding to a near-well-tempered The derived tones are each made up of a 12-tone scale two other tones received according to the relationship *

where η denotes the ordinal number of the tone in the scale. For a well-tempered 12-note scale, that is

12 / -VerhSltnia between the frequencies of adjacent tones equals / 2 «Will the lowest of the frequencies f .. assumed to be 1, then the other frequencies of the tone of the chromatic scale thus constructed is similar

T ₁ - 1,000 000 f ₂ .1,059 463

f. 1.122 462

t. m 1.109 207 * ₅ . 1.259 921

f ₆ - 1.334 840

* _? - 1.414 214 (

* ₆ - 1.498 307 t ₉ »1.587 401

T ₁₀ - 1.681 793

f _1t - 1.781 797

f ₁₂ · 1.887 749 f ₁₃ - 2,000,000

1st fj, the octave · tone f. ,,

»There consideration of the frequency values shows that the difference between f ^ and t ^ _{Q is} practically equal to 1 / 1O. the Frequem

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m,

de Cfrundtoa * f ₁ or 1/20. the IVequtn »de · OktaTenton · f ^ iet. St the freq. U «n * en« in «geoeetrieojxt series H ld en, fUt ti» · Relation for all · andtrtn contacting each other? Ptq «« nfen dtr! • tier.

S ».oh der Toreroämt · ** Niitbiwf results in etoli * tr Sate of

" ^f 13

^f 1? ■ ^f 13 - / l

f _1t . S _n - 1 / 1Of ₁

f ₁₀ .Pf ₁₁ -1 / 1Of ₁

H ^m * 10 * ^{t / 8Of} 11

f _e . f _f

f ₄ - 1 5 - ₇

fj - f ₄ - i / * 0f ₆

* a · 'j · ^{1 / Mf} 5

Si! "£ fua" the Sati ··· ·· gives the n "ohfolg" nd "n · Frtquwieirert and specified after dieeeri ·" Abweiohwngen in 1 / 1.00O ₉ OOO I * equ 'i * in dureli application of * ppro3tle »WTfi» »e * iel» wi »if Wd de» ideal prequeneeni

f ₂ - 1.059 460-3.1

f ₃ . 1.122 455-6.2

f ₄ · 1.189 196 - 9.3

f ₅ «1.999 905 - 12.4

f ₆ * 1.334 819 - 15 »5

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- 5-f _? 1.414 187-10.4

t _Q - 1.498 275 - 21.3

t ₉ . 1.587 366-22.4

f ₁₀ · 1.681 753 - 23.5

T ₁₁ . 1.781 809 ♦ 6.2

f ₁₂ «1.887 754 + 3.1

The greatest deviation occurs between f ^ and this too is less than 30 χ 10% i

In another method according to the invention, the derived tones each tone a two other tones according to the relationship

♦ 7 received «

f. is the fifth f. ₁₂ or the quarta tone f, which interrals are practically pure in the tempered mood · Therefore let 1/15 ^ _n .. n "he" u gleioh 0, If _n-12 or i / 20f _a · The deviation of the tone from the ideal frequency is then somewhat larger than the previous trap, but the result is definitely brewable.

In the case of non-continuous signals, such as pulse-shaped signals, the! ■ pulse repetition rate »is under the frequency, which can again be entrusted to the number of pulses per second. One then does not think of a precisely regular series of τοη Iapulses. Whether this series of τοη impulses is subject to an acaptable sound depends on tob dta Naaae, in de “der Iapulaabatand see Indert. Is frequented dia "t duroh dia Iapulaaaaahl V vüuraaA an beetles th time ersetst, ao are naoh like Tor dia Torhergelianden

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PHI. 2533. - 6 -

Formulas are valid, ν · ηη f is replaced by V.

Since "Differensalgnal can at a Fora d ·· traversed are obtained by the NaOH Srfindung that in a locking connection of any number of pulses of the second signal ron tob such Ansahl periods will be blocked as the i / s.Teil the number of periods of the third τοη Signals in the same period of time

Based on the relationship I, ■ I "- I / 20N .will

B ^- J n * "c η

W. the series V ₂

Series V ff is fed to a second input via a 20 divider. To the η

H. Output creates the series τοη pulses N _o to the iBpuls series n — jn— &

V _{n has reached} a Tielfaohes tob 20, whereupon the blocking circuit ensures that a single pulse of the N g series does not pass through the V, output «

In one embodiment of a device sub carry out According to the method according to the invention, the blocking circuit consists of a first input signal to which the second signal is fed and dl · for a first SLingang a · first AND gate · drives, τοη dem second input alt a first output of a bistable flip-flop Sohaltung When it is tied, the first one rages to a second Ungangakleaae, which leads to an · output of a · B divider, whose The third signal is fed to the input, while a second output of the flip-flop circuit is fed to a first input in the second Utad-Tors Terbunden, the second flashing is also the second signal is supplied, while the output alt dea the second process of the flip-flop control Terbunden is

Ia another «Explanatory note of a solohea Vorrioh-

maintenance is only due to logistic maintenance

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PW.

• ifttr Infill ft "Hnpfnft" and tiata Autftn ", ta dt""in · Tension (With • vti Ftft} * attfttttt", where * ti 41 · Tension occurs on da · trtttn Ptftl, ya ** pindttttnt fin · Aar Tension on the Knfinfta tlatn erete »Ww * has and Ait tension occurs on the tv ti ten Ptftl, www dit 8jMuu» »« tii tu AtA «taffcifte l« Ugitok · 1 »· η» world · »V« vt ii * b #e, we-4m mti ft llpiftl Λ # γ «l» t «ret · Hnf» ne * U «Mi · tin ·· tnt« «lnfiner« rttm lofifob ·· 8 <* »ltune tug« «Durt is, ämrw AuafMf «rtt * n Hapmc ffintV nrüt« and thirdt »logiseh« n SoImI do «τ ·» - bOAd «n lit ua4 VflMi d * r lttifMf d« rw * tt «j lofftscOitn shoulders * pi t4n« fwtlt · »HnfMkf d« r third Χο§1 · ολ · ο Soluitunf fahrs, 4m ** Au · - UK «It tin ·« tr »t * m MnfM« tintr HtTtMi lofiiAw 8afe »ltuiif Vtr ^ iB-dtn lft, dtrt» m tint · η tit «Haft« «tintr fflnfttn ltgi« t) itn drives, tiMti trtttn HifRnf dtrttlbta «ath Am tvtltt UfMl Witt,« pl 4trtn Au »ftn« «it A« r trtten AutfAngtklraet and tin- • i »Uf »Nf tUtr ftohttt · ltfltohto 8th» ltvmf vtrbandtn itt, dtrtn ft «j pi ti nt? PTtItMI Autft * etkltP «t fflkrt, while tint iwtltt

w tint «Pftittn Binewif dtr Titrttn logitohtn Sohtltwif xmA • i« t «trtttn%« # »ff tintr titbtnttn mnd» ohttn lofieohtn Sohtltwe leads, wobtl tin wtlttr Ü »4pnff Amt ttt logitn prtn At logitchtn dead logitchtn 4 "Ohmltung Ttrbaadtn Itt" bA Atr Aut "PHf Atr flttmttn Itfitehtn ethtltun" tu Ata nrtitta Unfirngta der fvtittn vnA Äthttn Itfitohtn Retaltuaftn, "OivtnA Atr" toftnft "tftnfit" tftnfit "tftnfit" , to "Atr tin svtlttr lUftAf su At" Aat "Mf Atr fitrttn ltfittht" IftoltuBf and Atr AntfMf au tlatn drltttn Hnftn "Atr Titrttm Itfietbtn 8oh * ltanf, tint · tvtlfittat" Amtlatn Itfietbtd "

PHH. 2533.

The advantage is that this circuit can easily be designed in an integrated manner and that furthermore these circuits in a further embodiment of the invention for Building the partial circuits can serve so that a whole generator can be assembled from the same individual parts *

According to a further feature of the device for generating an almost well-tempered, 12-note scale, a master oscillator is connected to a first input of a first blocking circuit and via a first 20 divider to a second input of a third chip circuit and a first output terminal, while the output of the first blocking circuit is connected to a first input of a second blocking circuit and via a second 20-divider to a second input of a fourth blocking circuit and a second output terminal) the output of the second blocking circuit to a first input of the third blocking circuit and via a third 20-divider leads to a second input of a fifth blocking circuit and a third output terminal, and the output is twisted with a first input of the fourth blocking circuit and a fourth 20-divider with a second input of a sixth blocking circuit and a fourth output terminal, the exit the fourth locking circuit with a first input of the fifth locking circuit and a fifth 20-divider r; lt a second input of a seventh locking circuit and a fifth output terminal and the output of the fifth locking circuit with a • rate input of the sixth locking circuit and an eeohaten 2 " Divider is connected to a second input of an eighth blocking circuit and an * eeheten output terminal, the output of the eeoheten blocking circuit with a first input of a seventh blocking circuit

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PHK. 2533.

and a second input of a ninth via a 20-divider Economy circuit and a seventh level clearne is connected, while the output of the seventh locking latch leads to a first input the eighth blocking circuit and an eighth 20-divider to one second input of the tenth locking latch and an eighth output terminal leads, the output having a first input of the ninth blocking circuit and a second input via a ninth 20-divider bit an eleventh locking latch and a ninth output terminal is connected and the output of the ninth locking circuit is connected to a first Input of the tenth locking circuit and a tenth 20-divider to a tenth output terminal, the output of the tenth blocking circuit with a first input of the eleventh blocking circuit and via a first 10-divider on the one hand with a second input of the first Blocking circuit and on the other hand via a first 2-divider with a eleventh output terminal is connected, while the output of the eleventh blocking circuit via a second 10-divider on the one hand with a second input the second blocking circuit and on the other hand is connected to a twelfth output terminal via a second 2-divider.

In each locking hold, each pulse is locked and the resulting signal is fed to the next following lockout, in which again impulses from the resulting series are blocked. The result consists of twelve series of pulses, the ratios between the mean numbers being the frequency ratios of the tempered mood and di · impulse distribution in the lower Tones "in" increasing "irregularity, Aa d" r "n impulses «In« «unehmamd« number of lock positions. There· Signal f. ,, because «one does not effectively get to the« · V * i ··, Aa ·· di ·

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■■ χ. «

PHK. 2533.

- 10 -

Octars of f ^ ~ ¹ ^ i *** ^a number of pulses equal to half the number τοη f ... Ia ideal case one could expect that after each pulse one pulse would be left out. The practice, however, shows approximately the following 6 impulses, geaptrrti impulses, 2 impulses, 6 omitted impulses, etc. This irregularity leaves a very unpleasant impression on the ear. By feeding the signal to the dividers, these irregularities are greatly reduced.

As a result of the effect τοη capacities and resistances

W the circuits have a supply time. The delay times are added up in the successive positions and when a certain value is exceeded, too few pulses are left out, so that the level of the pulse frequency is limited.

Consequently, the highest octave of the tones cannot be divided by a number high enough to ensure good quality Piano. The influence of the delay since is maximal between the outputs of the 10-divider and the input signal en the thereby controlled locking postures. In a further training one Device for generating an almost well-tempered 12-note scale this influence can be countered by having a master oscillator with a «first input a first lock and Via a first 20 divider with a second input of a third Lockout and a first output terminal is connected while the output of the first locking device with a first input one • wide locking hold and a second 20-part old a second Entrance of a fourth Sperrso & altunf and a «riding exit clea me, whereby the output of the second economy circuit becomes a « the first step of the third lock position and a third 20-

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Divider su a quarreling input of a fifth locking coil and one The third open-loop and the output of the third locking device have a first input of the fourth locking device and a first 5-part connected let, which is connected on the one hand old of a first 3-part, whose output su a second input of the first blocking-βohaltung and on the other hand su a first 4-part leads to its output su a sideline input of a sixth locking device and a fourth output clutch leads, with the output of the fourth locking device with a first input of the fifth blocking circuit and a swei- f th 5-part is connected, on the one hand via a second 3-part su a second input of the second blocking circuit and on the other hand over a wide 4-part to a wide input of a seventh Locking hold and a fifth output terminal moves, with the output the fifth locking position is a first input of the first Lockout device and a fourth 20-divider not connected to a wide input of a second lockout device and a second output terminal is and the exit of the next locking position is not a first Input of the seventh blocking circuit and a fifth 20 divider nit a second input of a ninth blocking device and a seventh output terminal is connected, while the output of the seventh Locking is in the first input of the above locking circuit and Via a second 2O ^ divider and a wide input of a sinew Locking and an aohten output terminal leads, with the output the aohten 8 blockage with a first input of the ninth block • and over “a seventh 20-part divider with a wide entrance connected to an eleventh storage position and a ninth output terminal iat and the output 4 of the ninth lock ope ration to a first input

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the tenth lock posture and an eighth 20-part to one The tenth output terminal leads, the output of the tenth blocking circuit ait a first input of the eleventh blocking circuit and a ninth 20-divider is connected to an eleventh output terminal and the output of the eleventh locking device via a tenth 20-divider a twelfth output terminal is connected.

The already mentioned irregular distribution of the impulses, which makes a very unpleasant impression in the ear can be greatly reduced by feeding the signal to 2-divider, so that at Use of the outputs of the 20-divider and when connecting the output terminal each with an m-divider (m - at least 4) according to another Feature of the device according to the invention, wherein the output signals the tones of the highest octave desired are those irregularities are reduced to an acceptable size. Since the frequencies of the tones of the octave are clearly determined by the frequency of the main oscillator ee is advantageous according to a further feature of the Device according to the invention, the main oscillator continuously and / ) or to be gradually detuned. The pitch of the oscillators can be adapted to other instruments and / or transposed. The continuous detuning also enables special effects eu produce e.g. to imitate a Hawaiian guitar. The lower ones Octave tones are derived from the tones of the highest octave by means of 2-divisors. The above is based on the following figures nalier explains. Show it

Fig. 1 shows a blocking circuit with two AND gates and one Flip-flop hold,

Fig. 2 the tensions at different points of this Sohil furg,

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- 13 -

So keeping,

Pig. 3 a blocking circuit with logic circuits Fig. 4 shows the voltages at various points in this

Fig. 5a the locking postures of Fig. 3 as a 2-part, Fig. 51 'The apparent voltages _t 6a shows the same circuits as 3-divider, 6b shows the associated voltages, 7a shows the circuits as 5-divisors, Fig. Tb the associated voltages, Fig. 8 shows a complete oscillator with 10- and 20-

Dividers

9 shows a similar oscillator with I5 and 20 dividers,

10 shows the ideal · pulse distribution and the text division after keeping like this, and

11 shows the improvement in the Iapule distribution after passage duroh 2-part.

According to Fig. 1, the Kleatae S- is supplied with the second signal. The Kletane S ^ is connected to a first BL entrance to a first AND gate, which consists of the diodes D ~, D. and the resistor Hg. The second input of this and gate is connected to the bit of a * first output 3 of a bistable flip-flop FF. The first input 1 of this flip-flop FF leads to the output of a divider M, the input of which is the third signal S. A second output 4 of the flip-flop FF is bit connected to a «first BLingang a ··» wide AND gate, since the diodes D 1, D ₂ and the resistor R ₁ , whose «wide BLingang also exist as long as the "signal Sg" is heard, while the output of the "wide and gate" is old

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a sveiwii input 2 of the flip-flep FF is connected. In this case, the m-divider is constructed in such a way that its output voltage changes when the input pulse tob voltage level 1 changes to voltage level 0. In the normal state, the pulses of the signal S ₂ τοη are allowed to pass through the first AND gate, since the output 3 is the flip-flop FF 1, eo that the voltage at point j changes in the same way «Since the voltage at output 4 the flip-flop FF is O, the point x also remains O, regardless of τοη the signal S ₂ .

It is assumed that the output of the m-divider M, ie the input 1 of the flip-flop FF τοη 1 changes to O) in the instant in which the pulse series S _{2 is} O, the flip-flop FF goes into the other state above. Point 4 becomes 1 and point 3 becomes O, so that the diode D- conducts and S _{2 is} blocked. In the case of a subsequent pulse of the pulse series S ₂ , the point j O ₉ remains so that this pulse is not let through point z, on the other hand, the voltage of the input pulses follows, so that at the bath of the next pulse τοη S ₂ χ τοη 0 changes to 1 , which voltage change «is transmitted to the input 2 of the flip-flop FF, dl · in the output« «u» tand surüo reversed, in which point 3 is 1 and point 4 is 0, so that «« the following impulses again τοη the · ν «-λ · η and gate sum point 7 to be allowed through« Maoh a certain time, the Vflw ig of the m-divider N changes again from tone 0 to 1, but this does not affect the state of the flip-flop FF, because dl · « · The impulse · · only responds to the Buokflaake. The "is shown in FIG. 2 as one

Flf> 3 "ig a locked position, the only au" logical position with a number of entrances and an exit exists at which there can occur a voltage at »white levels 0 and 1, where the voltage occurs at the rate level 0 when the voltages

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PHN. 2533.

-15-

The input all have a first value 1 and a voltage at the second level 1 occurs when one of the voltages at the inputs has a low value 0. The second signal S ₂ is carried out via a first input loop JL of a first input 1 of a first logic circuit L. whose output H old is connected to a "first input 1 of a" wide and third logic circuit L "or L. and where the Output J of the second logic circuit L ₂ leads to a "wide input 2" of the third logic circuit L. whose output C old is connected to a first input of a fourth logic circuit L. whose output F cu is a "" wide input 2 of a fifth logic position L. leads, a first input 1 of the same also the «wide signal Sg is sugefShrt and the output is connected to a first output class 0 and an input 1 of a sixth logic position L, whose output leads su a second output class 0, while a wide entrance aclesse J), to which the third signal S. auge is driven, see below a second input of the fourth logic state L * and a first input 1 or the seventh and one eighth logical Sohaltur * r L_ bsw. Lg leads, with a second input 2 of the seventh logical '

So holding Iu sit of the output J of the second logical holding L _{2 is} connected and the output £ of the seventh logical holding L_ au of the wide SLingang of the second and the eighth logical holding L _{2 and so on} . Lg moves, while output B of the eighth logical position Lg old. a first SL input 1 of a ninth logic circuit L is connected, from which 1b swelter input 2 su of the output P of the fourth logic circuit I ^ and the output su of a third input 3 of the fourth logic circuit L. and a second input the first logical position and a third initial class E lead.

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PHK. 2533. - 16 -

The truth table suggesting this attitude is following

ABCDEPHJKOO A 1 1 Ö p 1 1 0 1 A A (A iat any 0 or 1)

0 0 1110 10 110 (the third signal S. becomes 1)

111 110 0 10 10 (a new Iapule τοη Sg koaat)

01010111010 (Impula τοη S ₂ ends)

11010111001 (a new Iapula τοη S. is coming)

etc. «

01100110110 (Inpula τοη S ₂ ends and the third

Signal S ₃ becomes O)

1110 0 110 10 1 (the following Iapule τοη S ₂

cont)

etc.

The tension forms at the teraohied outlets and in Fig. 4 Teranaohaulioht, Bb seigt aioh, daaa daa occurrence of an Iepulaea 3, arbitrary length at the entrance cleavage D the next following Inpula dea signals S ₂ at the BL entrance cleave A locks and the resulting inpulae again.

In the figure, two FCs are given, ie the case in which during time t ₁ the voltage at input A is just 0 and the case in which the voltage aa input A is just 1 at ^{time t »4 ^ · voltage aa input A.} Bs aeigt • ic ^ that in both cases the "rate poaitiTe Iapula aa entrance A is blocked.

Fig. 4 shows how a locking device naoh Fig. 3 as 2-part can be kept by adding the output O ^ with the input D The third signal is linked and the signal is released

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PHH. 2533.

- 17 -

will. When the signal E is fed back to an input A of a second blocking circuit and the voltage is taken from the output E of this circuit, a 4-divider results. In Fig. 6a whose output 0 "is shown how. 3" inen with two latch circuits of FIG 3 divider can build up by the output CL a first blocking circuit B. to the input A ₂ of a Sperreohaltung B "is connected, with is connected to the input D ", the signal of the output EL of the input S _- . the first blocking _{circuit B 1 is} supplied and the signal divided by 3 dec output E _{1 is} taken from this. The at rerschie- "which locations of the Fig. 6b this Sohaltung stresses occurring are indicated in the relevant graphic Sarstellungen * By between the output O ₁ of the first lock ohaltung B ₁ and the input A 'of sweiten Sperreohaltung a third as 2- divider connected trap circuit U ^ is attached, si results oh a 5 ~ 7eiler of FIG. 7a with the voltages NaOH Fig. 7b to the reraohiedenen locations of these Sohaltung. in these latch circuits, it is possible by means of only one type of sound items a roll hour oscillator for to produce an electronic musical instrument with all the dividers. *

A single oscillator is shown in FIG. This oscillator generates the tones of a nearby, well-tempered, 12-tone conductor by means of a main oscillator, eleven blocking circuits, one 20-divider and two 10-divider. The signal of the main oscillator 0 is fed to a first input 1 to a first locking device B. and via a first 20 divider S _{1 to} a second input 2 to a third locking device B and to a first output terminal E, while the output of the first blocking circuit B ₁ with a first input 1 of a second blocking circuit B ₂ tmd via a wide 20-divider S ₂ with a wide input

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gang 2 is connected to a disputed output terminal K ₂ , the output of the second locking circuit B _{2 being connected} to a first input 1 of a third locking device B. and via a third 20-divider D ^ su des " wide input 2 of a fifth locking device B and a third output terminal K, and the output leads to a first input 1 of the fourth locking circuit B. and via a tier 20 divider D. old a «wide input 2 of a sixth locking circuit B, and a fourth output terminal K * is connected and the output of the fourth locking circuit B. with a first input 1 of the fifth locking device B and a fifth 20-divider B. with the second input 2 of a seventh locking device B_ and a fifth Ausgangsklemne K is connected to the output of the fifth vShrend blocking circuit B shown below to a first input 1 of the sixth Sp errs ohal tung ü, and via a sixth splitter 20-D, a su "wide input 2 of an eighth he Sp rs ohal tung Bq and a seohsten output terminal K, leads, wherein the output of seohsten Sperrsohaltung B, der'siebenten having a first input 1 Sperrechaltung B and ler via a seventh 20-TEI) IL with a "wide input 2 of a ninth Lockout device iL and a seventh output terminal K, and the output of the seventh lockout device B _{7 is connected to} a first input 1 of an equal lockout device Bq and an equal 20-divider J> «to a" wide input 2 a longed locking device B ₁₀ and an output terminal Ko leads, while the output leads to a first input 1 of the ninth locking device B ₉ and a ninth 20-part D _{9 to} a »wide catch 2 of an eleventh locking device B ₁₁ and a ninth output terminal KL drives and the exit of the ninth locking solenoid B. s · a first input of the longing locking solenoid B ₁₀ and over «a tenth

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20 dividers B ₁₀ su a longed Auegangakleaae E leads ₁₀ \ "in the off" transition of the longed Sperreohaltung B ₁₀ to a first input 1 of the eleventh blocking circuit B ₁₁ and a first 10-divider D ₁₁ on the one hand sdt a second Hngsng 2 of the first economy circuit B ₁ and on the other hand via a first 2-part B ₁₂ bit of an eleventh output _{terminal S 11} , while the output of the eleventh locking circuit B _{11 is connected} via a wide 10 divider Dj on the one hand to an additional input 2 of the s-wide blocking circuit B ₂ and on the other hand via a s-wide 2-part D ₁ * with a twelfth output _{terminal K 12 is} rerbunden.

As a result of the effect of capacities and resistances, | the impulses with a certain delay through the elements guided. These dissolution pages can be found in the successive ones Circuits are suaammetn and when a certain value is exceeded au Tiel impulses skipped "

The influence of the release time is at most swisohen the outputs of the 10 divisors D ₁₁ and D ₁ - «to the input signals of the blocking positions B _{1, for} example, controlled thereby. B ₂ . The result is that one cannot simply divide a sufficiently high number to recognize the highest note of the clarifier.

In the case of the Torriohtung according to Fig. 9 sum Irseugen an almost well-tempered, 12-tone ladder, the influence of the Yersogerungssett can be reduced by filling in those in which the signals of the 10-plate D _{11 and so on} . 9 ... on the first and second locking position B ₁ bsw. B ₂ s «ut« okgefehr », the third signal is not derived from these 10 divisors, but is derived from the outputs of other blocked tones whose Irequens is divided by IJ, 2war Ia-I dl« The frequencies obtained in this way are lower, but durohaus for the intended Sweok. In the posture naoh flg. ' 9 is “in building ossillater 0 with a first transition 1 of a rate lockout B ₁ and via a first 20 divisor D ₁ with a wide ELn-

109828/0875

BAD ORI (^ iAt

PHH. 2533. - 20 -

gang 2 of a third locking device B and a first output terminal K. connected, while the output of the first locking circuit B. is connected to a first input 1 of a second locking device B _g and via a second 20-divider D ₂ to a second input 2 of a fourth locking device B. and a second output terminal K ₂ and the output of the second blocking circuit £ L with a first input 1 of the third blocking circuit B. and a third 20-divider D- with a second input 2 of a fifth blocking circuit B- and a third output terminal K. , and the output of the third blocking circuit B. is connected to a first input 1 of the red blocking circuit B. and a first 5-divider D. the first blocking circuit B. leads, and on the other hand is connected to a first 4-divider D, the output of which is connected to a second input 2 of a sixth blocking circuit B. and a four-

th output terminal i. leads, the output of the fourth blocking circuit B * is connected to a first input 1 of the fifth blocking circuit B. and a second 5-divider D ₇ , which on the one hand has a two- ) th 3-plate Do to a second input 2 of the second locking hold

Bg leads and on the other hand leads via a second 4-divider D_ to a second input 2 of a seventh blocking circuit B_ and a fifth Auagsiagaklemme K_, the output of the fifth blocking circuit B-mlt to a first input 1 of the sixth blocking circuit B. and via a fourth 20 -Teller D_ is connected to a "wide input 2 of an eighth blocking circuit Bg and a second output terminal K., where r ." Output of the next locking lock * B. with a first input 1 of the seventh locking lock B_ and via a fifth 20-divider D_ with a second input 2 of a ninth locking lock B and one

10 9 8 2 8/0875.

BATH ORIGINAL

PHH. 2533.

- 21 -

Seventh Auagangsklemme XL is connected and the output of the seventh blocking circuit S-su a first input 1 of the eighth blocking circuit Bg and a sixth 20-divider S ^ ">" inen "wide input 2 of a longed locking circuit B. and an aohten output Kleaae Kn drives and the output of the aohten lock lock Bg bit is connected to a first input 1 of the ninth lock lock B ₉ and a seventh 20> divider D ₁ , with a second input 2 of an eleventh lock lock B ^ and a ninth output terminal K_ and the output of the ninth lock circuit üg to a first input 1 of the tenth locking lock B. _Q and via f an aohten 20 divider D ₁ , to a tenth tu s gangskl esa e K ₁₀ , the output of the tenth locking lock B. _Q nit a first input 1 of the Eleventh locking latch B ₁₁ and via a ninth 20-divider D ₁ - is connected to an eleventh output terminal K ₁₁ , and the output of the eleventh locking latch B _{11 is} connected via a tenth 20-divider D _{16 is connected to} a twelfth output signal K ₁₂ «

In each blocking hold, pulses are blocked and the resulting signal is fed to the next blocking hold, in which any other impulses from the resulting pulse series are blocked Mood and the impulses in the lower tones show an increasing irregularity, since the impulses have run through a steadily increasing number of blocked attitudes. If, for example, Aas Si (BaX f ₁ amf produced in this way, which does not actually happen, Aa this is the octave of f ", this would require a number of tone impulses which are generally equal to Atar half of the number of f ^ 1. In the ideal case, could be expected to have a similar impulse

109828/0875,

BATH ORIGINAL

PHI. 2533.

- 22 -

Impulse gone? - ".» »*? · - 'is. In fact, however, the following ·· can occur * 6 impulses, impulses blocked, 2 impulses, 6 impulses omitted, etc. The · let in fig · 10 illustrates, in which the ideal impular series also shown 1st. The ·· regularity is a bit uncomfortable Impression on the ear «By supplying Signal to 2-dividers the irregularities are greatly reduced, as can be seen from FIG. 11 is where the two signals of Fig. 10 are routed through such a 2-divider are. The intervals in the pulse series, which are pulse widths in Fig. 10, 11 or 13, are reduced to 6 or 7 pulse widths. A further division by 2 reduces the number {see also Fig. 11) to 3.5 or 4 «

In Eds. 8 and 9, C ₁ to C ₁₂ are also referred to as additional dividers, in which the output voltages are taken from _{terminals S to S 12.} In this case, the dividers C ₁ to C _{12 are} 8-divisors, so that the frequency of the main oscillator, provided that the tone C. is still to be reproduced at a frequency of 4186 Hz, equals 8 χ 20 ζ 4186 - about 670 kHz. The _{other 2-divisors are connected to the escapements S 1} to S _{12 in} order to achieve the lower octave tones · «·

The main oscillator is "continuously and stepwise veretimabar". By making the stepwise *! The continuous Yerstimmbark "it ermSglioht, di · i · · Toakdhe whole apparatus · other exactly di · Inatrum" nt · adjust with which optionally · gemelnaam geapi "lt is _t wove ·! It also mSglloh, in that the · ·· detuning Jewell · «« in the Slndräokva of a key fibw leads to a certain borrowing ViX ¹ A ₉ special effects sB dl · a Hawaii-Ouitarr · μ * lem .

109828/0176

BAD ORIGfNAL

Claims (1)

$ 72991 PATEIfTAHSPEPCHS. 1. Procedure bub firseugen τοη tones according to a Torsugweise almost well-tempered scale in an «electronic musical instrument, daduroh marked that at least one signal the The position of the scale is determined and each of the other tones of the octars is respectively from the difference frequency of a second tone and a l / m. Part of the Frequency of a third tone is derived, where a is a whole number. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Tone one signal all other signals of the scale can be derived « J. Procedure naoh claim 1 sum Hrs "ugen one nahesu well" tempered 12-tone scale daduroh characterized that the derived tones each consist of two other tones according to the definition - ^f n-2 * ¹ / * ^Of n - ^f »-2 - ¹ , where η is the order number of the tone in the scale. 4 · Method according to claim 1 sum Krseugen a nahesu well-tempered 12-note scale daduroh marked that the derived « Tone from two other tones according to the relationship! V ₃ - Vs - ¹ Z ^ V ₅ ■ ^f »-2 - ¹ Z ³⁰ Vt is obtained, where η is the ordinal number of the tone in the scale » 5. Method naoh one of the Torhergoing claims daduroh it is known that the differential signal is obtained by widening de «« in a blocking position τοη of an arbitrary series of periods Signal · a · solo number of τοη periods is blocked like the i / m ~ Part of the Amsahl tob periods of the third signal in the same time span is equivalent to. 6 · device mm. I * or «Proceeding of the method according to claims 1 to 5 because of this keanseionnet, te, ·« dta Spe, «·» «attitude from one 109828 / 087S BATH ORIGINAL Srstsn ungangsklsaae exists that the swsite signal is sugeflShrt and the · a · erete input drives a ·· first AND gate, ron dsa «in the next BLingang« it is advisable toigmg a bistable flip-flop connection connected 1 · '*, which leads to the «rstar input» in «r sveiten Bin · gangeklesa *, which leads to« in ·· output «in ·· B- * sil« rs, the mira g dM third signal is wgtfffiurt "vfiurend" in sveit "r Sing" nc the flip-flop ait · 1β «β« r «t« n Ungaiig einos sir «lt« a and gate · varlnandtn let, 4hi «svtii ·· MngMig« noli am · sveit · 3lgn »l tugefShrt and then the exit ait «In ·· sw * it« n ttngang dtr flip-flop is connected «7. Torrlehiung smi Durol ^ akr« nd «s Ttrfsiumnft naoh ansprtioh- • a 1 to 5 dadureh g «k« uiB «ielHMt _f that the · 8p« rte «aaltuBg only from logical Bohalttagan ait aiaar Anaahl ran HL» sjMig «n and iIbw ki> gang sees a tension« of svsi Fegeln arsoheinen kaan, where the voltage occurs at the first level, vs "at least one of the voltages aa the Singlngea has a first value, '" ad dl "voltage & uf the ssjsiten level occurs when the voltages Sa dsn SlngCngsn alls I siasn" rststtt "Rt, if" i the swslte signal Λ · * «ine srste Bin * · gangsklesae« iassj the first mngang of an ere ten logiss & en flow hold> Tt, whose exit ait «iaea» rstsn input of a swsitsn and «ilaer third logisoasn sokaltang rerbundan is where ·! the exit of the law-making soaaltvng se «inea« wide entrance of the third logi% ctie »Soaaltung leads, the exit old an a« arstsn entrance «is connected within four · \ an iogisohsa Soaaltung terbunden, whose exit su one swslten In the course of a fifth logical system, aa «lnea first line &, g of the same even if the swsit signal occurs,« ad dsr «a output old of a« ^ • th exit circuit where an entrance to a very high logical system is connected, the exit is siaer sweitsa Ausgangekleaae leads, 109828/0876 ORIGINAL BATHROOM. HW. 2533. -25- During a "wide entrance akleaao * u" in ·· "wide entrance a fourth logic circuit and a first input of a seventh and eighth logic circuit, where ela "further input of the seventh logic circuit old the output; the «broad logical position and the output of the seventh logic circuit is a wide input the sweitea and the aohten logic circuit verbuadea «lad, where the output of the eighth logical Sohaltag ait a first input a ninth logical position is Terbuadea, from which eia «further Input * and output of the fourth logical circuit and the output to a third input of the fourth logical circuit, eiaea «further Entrance of the first logisical holding and a third Auegaagekleaee fCEs. 8 · Gate direction sua drive through the road according to claim 7 characterized in that the partial postures from locking postures a susaaaen are built 9 * Torriohtung sua Erseugen a near, well-pearled "12-note scale" by the fact that "the main osftillator has a first input of a first blocking switch and above a« or- (the first 20-part ait eiaea sweitea input a third blocking switch is first and eia a third blocking switch is, wfiuread the> asgsng der erstea tperrsohaltttng ait eiaea first entrance eiaer "widea Sferrsohaltttag" ad Iber eiaea "wide 20-parter ait eiaea wide a capture of a fourth Sperrsehaltuag and a wide" wide "Ausgaagskleaalt the suadea is the Sperrsehgang uaduadea eia ·· Erstea Magaag de »third · fperrsehaltong uad fber eiaea thirdea 20-failer« a ela ·· «wide input eia ·» ffiaftea fferrsohaltwm «ad eiaer thirdea Auegangeklea- m · Marty wfhread the output of the third ·»> calc * ltuag old eia ·· 109828/0876. BAD ORH31NAI. 2533 * - 26 - • rat · »£ ln £ .g Λ & * fourth lockout line and a fourth 20-part ait elnaa sveiten Kingang a seohat lockout line and a fourth Auagangakleaae connected 1It ₉ with the output of the fourth lockout line old an · erite input of the Fifth locking position and a fifth input of a seventh locking circuit and a fifth output circuit are connected via a fifth 20-divider, and the output of the fifth locking position makes a harvesting of the sixth locking position and, via an aerobic 20-divider, an additional input an eighth and a Sperraohaltung aeobaten Ausgangskleaae .fuhrt, wherein the Auagang the aeohaten 8yerrsohaltung old elnea ereten input of aiebenten Sperrachaltung and a aiebenten 20-divider old connected a "wide input of a ninth and a Sperrsohaltung aiebenten Auagangaklaaae iat _f represents Auagang during the aiebenten Locking up one reap the lack of lockout keeping and about one Aohten 20-parter to an "a second passage of an aehten locking position and an aehten Awagangakleaae, whereby the Auagang leads an erateal start of the ninth locking position and above a ninth 20-part old elaea aweitea Hwgang elnear eleventh 8perraokleaae," Auagangakleaae. For the start of the ninth barrier posture, Ilagang of the aean lock posture and over a leaned 20-part drive on a longed Auagangakleaae. Tellev aaelta su a · swelten Httgaag de * ereten Syerraohaltuag and otherseraelta tl over a first 2-part sa an eleventh Auagawgatleaae fiart, wtaread the outgang of the eleventh Sferraeaaltuag over a wide 10-part · »hurried Delta old elnea and on the other hand over the wide Mafaaf of the whole range elnea BATH ORIGINAL PW. 2533. - 27 " argue 2-part ex a with a thrown Auegane «kl« aa · verbund «* iat. 10. Correction ms Brs «ug« a «laer n * a« su voalt «ap« ri «rt« a, 12, -t6nig «tt Tonlelt · * Aadurea gekeaaseioaaet, daa« A · * Haupto «« illator ■ it elnea «advice« «Mnffcng an« itin 8perr «oa» lttmc «ad tfber eiaea at · ■ t «n 2Ο-Τ · 11 · 3τ alt eiaea« wide BLsfuiff «iaer third barrier and one exwtea jwtg ^ nffkl — ι · vertuad ·· t «t, whereby the ImgMif de» • «• tee 9perr« oh «ltiaMr old one« «guess Hfnf el» he «wide inmehtlttm« ttnd Λ «» itiii «wide 20-part old« da «a« »« iten HafUff · 1 »« τ fourth 8pem «lMl« JUI «oad« trnex «ve! te» A> ieffMig »klea» e Tersaad ·· Ut, | »E * ei der Awjm« A «t« v «iten SpurraekAltan« an eise · «advise HatfUf the third Spamekaltaa« and about a third 20-part au eUea «v« it «a 11» «« «« a ttotim 8p «Rr« e ** ltttaf «ad« i »« r drltt «» linpaptrtaia · ffkrt, wffhT — i dw l »n« »nf d« r third »8f« rr «oh« lt «n« al «« la · * «Der» iert · * t »err« ca * iten «oad eiaea« guessing «/» Φ · !! · * Terivadea let der e> Bjt 'tiaea «nt« «3 - *« iUr, A «M« a Aaagaat m «la ·« »widen tiafiai Aa? areten S »« rr «oaaav« M ****** «ad other ·«! t »ad t ■ mAmi ^ MMä JJUl '' düTadJÜMt wejpkM ^ ea iat · Αββ · β «ι AgMMaaui an el ^ Mi aa * el ta« ■ ".Ί ⁱ TB! I« ja «aj ^ ai (e» ^^ ejHa '«j ^^ wpjai _{; i |} ] | ^^^« lr ^ a ^ ajpjewfT «fleT ■. Τ ^^^ p ^ ^^ e ^^^^ · ^^ ·· ^ e * ^^ ■■ ^^^^^^^ F ^ eaa ^^^ a «^^^ a ^^^^ i ^ ejBÄ ^^« «^ w «» a «^^^ a ^ p ^ ^ n ^ p ^ p ^^^ pa JKaaanc aiaMp aafliiKaiHi SperreehaltaaeT «aA ejtaw vlertea Aeaaaa ^ BlBXaBa · Mawt, ve ¥ «1 A« r * «· <■■« * · * H «rte» t> «iia« aaUiiat alt «laea« advise Ha- defrosts AaV 'jEBB £% aa') tM | EMo «wltttaj | vtiL alaea aveit «« J ^ Tailer v ^ araaadea Ist · W ^ -: ■ · -. ■ ^: W ¥ ^ ■ ■ ■■ · ■■ '■ '■' · · ■. der "iaereei" · Dm "aiaea aw" itea> -f "ilar am" iaea aw "ltea a ^ afaag der ■ iaea awelteB alafiaf elaer »!« Eeja «h« a »« ad «lae * iejtjMgari« «« · faa »t _f « eWl Aar iawaaaf Mt «bitat tyeTMaaaltaae alt '., V · ' ■ '- [} ''-"■■■'; ■ ' _h '., '.. ■■, ■: ■'■;;; ■, ■" ■ ■■ '*' [ _ Ae »« «« aete «tpwnnBiai taag« ad «to« iaea «levtaa Af BATHROOM ORIGINAL. PHK. 2533. - 28 - sixth blocking circuit with a first input of the seventh blocking circuit and a fifth 20-divider with a wide entrance a ninth blocking circuit and a seventh output ski eause connected is, while the exit of the seventh lock-out to a first Entrance to the eighth blocking post and via a sixth 20 divider to a second entrance of a tenth locking posture and an eighth Output terminal leads, with the output of the eighth blocking circuit a first input of the ninth blocking circuit and a seventh "20 divider with a second input, an eleventh locking hold and one ninth output terminal is connected, while the output of the ninth Locking hold to a first input of the tenth locking circuit and leads to a tenth output terminal via an eighth 20-divider, the output of the tenth blocking circuit having a first input the eleventh lock post and a ninth 20-part with one eleventh output terminal is connected, the output of the eleventh blocking circuit is connected to a twelfth output terminal via a tenth 20-divider 11. Device according to one of claims 9 and 10 thereby characterized in that the output terminals are each connected to an η divider are, where η is at least 4, with the output signals being the tones of the highest desired octave. 12 «Torriohtung according to one of claims 9 to 11 thereby characterized in that the main oscillator can be continuously and / or gradually detuned 13 * Torriohtung naoh one of claims 9 to 12 thereby marked that the lower octave tones are made up by means of 2-divisors can be derived from the tones of the highest octave 109828/0875 BATH ORIGINAL PHK. 2533. - 29 - 14. Musical instrument with a device according to the interior Claims 6 to 13 109828/0875