DE1757189A1 - Process for converting and mixing deformable media on the basis of the double-flow transition - Google Patents

Description

IcL; on / 72CC3

Essen, April 4, 1968 _Dld / _H GM

Hans Leu

Heinz Ko c her

Schaffhausen (Switzerland)

and

Neuhausen (Schaffhausen, Switzerland)

Process for converting and mixing
deformable media based on the
Dual stream tradition

The present invention relates to a method for converting deformable media on the basis of the Double flow transition as well as a turbine for implementation

of the procedure. "·.

The two currents of boundary layer physics are
the laminar and the turbulent flow. In the course of a "laminar flow", the individual molecular layers are shifted against each other in a flat, parallel direction.

HD / ze
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The turbulent flow is through a three-dimensional Layer shift in the molecular range characterizes «The double current represents the connection of a laminar and of a turbulent flow and the double-flow transition is therefore the conversion or the changeover of a laminar in a turbulent flow.

In turbines or presses to convert a deformable Medium, which are used e.g. for kneading and mixing a plastic material, it is known to store a conveying rotor in the cylindrical working space between the material inlet and the material outlet, which in its central portion has a plurality of eccentric disks, which are directly adjacent or spaced apart with threads between the washers (German Patent No. 838 504).

The constant mixing and homogenizing of, for example, thermoplastic materials by means of is also known a rotating drum or rotor in the housing, through which the plastic material in the channel between the rotating drum or the rotatable rotor and the fixed housing is kneaded and externally mixed. One improved homogenization is in this known work-

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This can be achieved by adding a storage space in a channel (German Patent No. 1 129 681, USA Patent Kf _.; 2 845 656).

The technical advancement of the continuous processing of plastic. Massen has led to the development and installation of spindles rotating in a closed cylinder, which are divided into sections with non-threaded and thread-free clays. Here, the conveyor spindle is designed in such a way that the smooth middle part, that is to say free of a thread, is enclosed in front of an initial part provided with thread catches and by an identically designed »end part. The plastic fed in from the initial part of the spindle is compressed in the form of a tube in the threadless middle part and discharged under high pressure in the end part. (German patent Ur, 1 019 080).

Vulcanized on tips in extrusion presses Rubber tread built-in threadless section of the same or greater thickness than the shaft diameter the spindle, only the rubber mixture should be flawless after the side surfaces of the tread roll out. So the problem is not which is to be solved by the subject matter of the invention and

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as follows. (U.S. Patent No. 2,686,335).

Also the usual snail kneading pigs with interlocking Screws or screws and equiaxed rollers come as models for the subject of the Invention not considered, because the rollers are intended to serve the plastic material to a uniform grain bring, so to bring about a grain refinement of the cash registers. (Swiss Patent No. 23 * 413).

It is also to an extrusion device according to the Austrian Patent No. 172 491 to refer, according to which a device with inrstart section larger diameter and higher pitch as well as smaller diameter and lower pitch in the end section the rotating spindle has become known in the middle area without thread, which forms a chamber in which the material fed in advance in the initial section moves slowly forwards with a free cross-section and larger volume and is subject to a potentiated heat effect before it is discharged in the end section. Even the so-called Torpedo training on spindles in extrusion presses, e.g. according to the USA patent Mr. 2,719,325 and 3,026,273 are known.

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With screw presses with one in the closed Cylinders rotating kneading, mixing and conveying screw, the sections with and without screw flights has, forms the, seen in the conveying direction, after Infeed zone arranged distribution roller with the material flow of the Cylinder a bottleneck, which because of the large shear forces or shear stresses a considerable and deformable Causes medium-damaging temperature increase in the plastic mass.

It is repeatedly stated in relevant writings been that in the development of devices for plasticizing both on the volume difference of the too processing plastic mass compared to that of the molten substance, as well as to the not with certainty controlled temperature congestion in the conveying path of the plastic mass to be processed must be taken into account got to. The considerations so far tend to the view that it is necessary for the control of the given operating conditions the most two-dimensional is a special snail for each Calculate material group.

The one in the German Auslegeschrift No. 1 167 explained worm spindle has a conical distribution roller

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in the conveying direction of the mass in the last third of the spindle length between the material inlet and the material outlet is arranged. The conicity is intended to considerably reduce the accumulation of material and, at the same time, local overheating of the plastic can be avoided. As a result, the plastic mass experiences a laminar parabolic velocity s distribution, which, however, does not develop an independent flow pressure in the area of this conical distribution roller.

The use of a friction roller, which is located between the material inlet and the material outlet on a screw spindle is arranged coaxially, is also in the conical and in the rotationally symmetrical shape used as a twin screw design. In the case of a conical pair of distribution rollers, this version is 3tellt a well-known piercing mill. (German Reich patent no. 397 961). The same applies to the representation of two cylindrical Rolling bodies in a housing, which are arranged between two worm spindles, the operation of a known rolling mill. (Can. Patent No. 530 956). Bring this conical or cylindrical threadless roller pairs no independent flow pressure. Your flow activity is determined by the threaded part of the corresponding

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ch'enden spindle determined in the material inlet. Like one Walzv.'erk or calender can be seen, a Susserer is running I'i s chunks process only within a very small area in the touching peripheries of the rolling elements.

The rh & ological relationships of the mass flow in Conveyor presses has to observe the btsond «. r'm behavior guided by plastic cash registers at the interfaces. It was recognized in principle that the boundary layer processes are of fundamental importance. It is a border breach press (Systen Dr. Krncsto Gabbrielli) became known, which is based on an analytical theory, in which the size factor is roughly related to cin will.

First of all, it should be noted that there is a manageable area across the entire work area of the machine geometric shape appears. It is one over the full curve of the Ilass transport drawn rotationally symmetrical circular cylinder. To this mechanical working element comes a very well explainable one procedural function. The individual areas the structural set-up, however, results in theological difficulties.

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The functional analysis of this well-known boundary layer bridge Pi'eese is transferred into its mechanical form in such a way that a movable rotating part becomes a cylindrical surface, accordingly as a circular cylinder, with an equivalent diameter over the full length of the axis is trained. The inside surface of the housing is also cylindrical and is absolutely concentric with the rotating cylinder. In the present case, the real work phase therefore includes the entire arch in an absolutely rotationally symmetrical manner between a corresponding filling or feed zone and the scraper element, ie the "weir" on the ■ End of the rotating cylinder or "the material outlet" The final phase of the rotating cylinder therefore feeds a pressure chamber above or, more precisely, in front of the drawing tool. This scraper element covers the plastic mass at the end of the working channel. This enables and activates the pressure over the entire floor of the work phase. That Removing this scraper means that the cash register can be pushed in without any pressure over the full length of the axis of the machine Lease of the material outlet is transported and thus no plasticization and no kinking can be achieved can. It is possible that a longitudinal phase to be determined is in front of the scraper element within the working area

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the boundary layer breaking press can be designed as a lateral pressure chamber. This results in a lateral or lateral extension of the deformable medium. Such a lateral opening in the sense of a drawing tool for the formation of flat products such as foils or plates prevents the mixing coefficient from having an even negligible effect. Element. The scraper works in the sense of the well-known * Prandtl ¹ see end disk. This means that the plastic mass is dammed up and experiences a transverse drive, which affects the flow pattern through a noticeable pulsation. A deflection of the tangential and radial forces is therefore impossible; The flow of the boundary layer rupture press shows the image of an absolutely laminar pipe flow according to the law of Hagen-Poiseuille with a parabolic velocity distribution. This speed distribution is therefore independent at a short distance from the material inlet and no mixing takes place. As a result of the low thermal energy conversion of the laminar pipe flow and associated with the high internal thermal resistance of the plastic, which must be taken into account,

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see masses is training a sufficiently thick Temperature interface impossible »

Furthermore, in recent years a conveyor press has been designed according to the so-called Anger'sehen method and made known. This press has a conventional screw or screw, which is only known Way "is thread-free in a middle section. About the required position of this thread-free middle section nothing is said. This corresponds to all known constructions, which are called a thread-free middle part Have conical or cylindrical distribution roller. The only difference with regard to the present object of investigation is that this thread-free central part in the value of its diameter is interrupted at an unspecified point by so-called "conical ones" Surfaces in the form of rings ". So there are no analytical determinations about the required length of this Middle part and made about the positional relationship of these conical rings. Because the material outlet is threaded is, the same characteristics arise as they were previously presented for the boundary layer rupture press. The "conical surfaces in the form of rings" double this effect by the fact that both elements, both

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these conical rings as well as the final screw on the side of the material outlet, the effect of the Prendtl's end plate must be assigned. Through the different height of the chamber of this thread-free middle part there is a superimposed laminar pipe flow still Hagen-Poiseuille with the same ones already discussed Mixing characteristics and thermodynamic effects. So there is no need to repeat it enter into. This superimposed laminar pipe flow decomposes into two independent laminar pipe flows, which each has its own parabolic velocity distribution. The smaller mass is made up of by the larger mass drive over the larger pipe cross-section. Such a thing Laminar crossing is also often observed with a torpedo head or within a ringing zone of a snail. The conical rings in the claimed form have only a very slight compression and are in no case flow-active. Since the flow is laminar over the entire length of this thread-free middle section, the laminar flow is also laminar Boundary layer across both zones before and after the conical rings have the same boundary layer thickness. & s result because they leave the two zone-η unequal are, sensitive thermal fluctuations, polygamy are absolutely uncontrollable. The profile of this "conical surface

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in the form of rings "is, even if these surfaces are interrupted in their continuity, absolutely flow * - stable and there are no active movement values. For this reason, too, the mixture cannot be stimulated will.

Form essential characteristics for the correct and rationalized transformation of the deformable media new considerations regarding the relationships between the laminar and the turbulent boundary layers and flows, the thermodynamic processes in the interfaces and in the mass volume and thus also the mass pressures and the velocity distributions in the conveyor presses.

According to the invention, the method is characterized in that that the deformable medium is set in an "apparently turbulent" rotary motion, which is then followed a turbulent rotary movement of the medium is brought about by an unstable increase in pressure, and after The course of the turbulent transformation and mixing, the regression through a stabilizing constant pressure into a laminar one Flow of the medium takes place and both the turbulent and the laminar flow a coupled variable Temperature boundary layer with the thermodynamic-capacitive

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tive volume energy of the medium is supplied, with concluding a final stabilization of the deformable medium is produced by a pressure drop

The turbine according to the invention for implementation of the method, which has a rotor rotating in a cylinder, is characterized in that the Rotor has an unstable diverging diffuser with a continuing rotationally symmetrical wave, to which a stable, diverging diffuser is connected is, the extension of which is in turn a rotationally symmetrical wave, where a converging diffuser closes.

Furthermore is? the turbine characterized in that the rotor in the intake area of the medium is a diverging diffuser in the direction of flow in front of the unstable attached, logarithmic spiral, this spiral on the thrust side has a parabolic cross-section shows, the course of which results in a vanishing curvature, and that this logarithmic spiral as a counter-element on Cylinder has a glass canister.

In addition, the invention consists in that, the unstable, diverging diffuser is divided into several zones, the diameter of each zone in the flow

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direction increases, and the profile of a preselected Zone has a turning circle. This turning circle creates the instability of the deformable medium and thus the turbulent flow. The sectional profile of this unstable diverging diffuser contains the exponential and logarithmic function of a hyperbola.

Furthermore, the invention consists in that the converging diffuser, the diameter of which decreases in the direction of flow, / has a longitudinal groove, which © represents the exponential function Y = * e ^x as a transcendent curve. This longitudinal groove creates the rolling of the boundary layer. The so-called rolling of the boundary layer is a physical flow process that is brought about by increasing the medium volume and has a noticeable influence on the stability of the flow / fi & p & v The rolling prevents the boundary layer from detaching before the medium flows into the tool by the Pepipheiri © of the transporting flange surface of the rotor is a relieved pressure relief.

A characteristic also according to the invention is given by the fact that the stable, diverging diffuser in section shows the constant pressure and the relaminar

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Describes the deflection of the flow generating, transcendent curve, which is represented by the function y = (1 + **) is.

Another feature of the invention is that the cylinder on its inner jacket in the area of the the turbulent flow generating, unstable diffuser and the subsequent rotationally symmetrical wave in one certain degree, is roughened. The relative roughness k / R and the permissible roughness height k, take a noticeable and accelerating influence on the envelope or «the transition laminar-turbulent» The speed of growth the boundary layer is also accelerated by the roughness height. In the present feature of the Invention, the permissible roughness height in the area of turbulent flow in mm should be at least 0.1 and at most Be 0.5. The number 0.1 is given by the fact that falling below this value completely within the turbulence into the laminar sub-layer, which is only a very small fraction of the turbulent boundary layer thickness to lie kSrae and thus would appear hydraulically smooth.

The invention is described below with reference to Drawings explained for example. Show it :

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Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a section

by the turbine according to the invention for implementation the method according to the invention,

Fig. 2 is a section along line H-II of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is the schematic profile of the shown in Fig. 1, unstable diverging diffuser,

W FIG. 4 shows the schematic profile of the likewise in FIG. 1

shown stable diverging diffuser,

5 shows a detail section of the converging diffuser, which has a longitudinal groove,

6 shows a schematic section along line VI-VI of FIG. 5,

7 shows an analytical section to FIG. 2,

™ Fig. 8 is an analytical representation of Fig. 3,

FIG. 9 shows an analytical representation of FIG. 4,

FIG. 10 shows an analytical section to FIG. 6,

11 shows the analytical representation of the speed distribution through the Pascal configuration with points of inflection in the area of the logarithmic spiral.

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The turbine shown in FIG. 1 has a rotor 2 rotating in a cylinder 1.

In the area of a draw-in point 3 provided in the cylinder, the rotor 2 is provided with a logarithmic spiral 4. This logarithmic spiral 4 has a parabolic cross section on the thrust side (see FIGS. 2 and 7), the course of which results in a vanishing curvature. When converting a deformable medium with an extremely high molecular weight, for example over 1 * 500 ¹ 000, this spiral can be replaced by a simple diffuser, for example a circular cone with a plane inclined in section. In the range of these high molecular weights, the interface adsorption and the shear stress, both of which are influenced by the molecular weight, are so great that the presence of this spiral is no longer necessary and the definable medium can, also with the formation of a velocity distribution in the Pascal configuration with turning points. In contrast to the parabolic velocity distribution of the pure laminar pipe flow according to Hagen-Poiseuille or the helical flow, which are one-dimensional and whose mixing diagrams are also to be shown layer-one-dimensional,

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Af

is the apparent or in the method erfindungsgeraässen quasi-turbulent rotary motion of the medium generated. This requires that in the area of the logarithmic spiral the coefficients of friction The inner surface of the cylinder must be at least 0.3 apart from the rotor wall. It means this is that the inner wall of the cylinder is responsible for generating static friction Rjj must have a coefficient of friction which compared to the sliding friction R «of the logarithmic spiral is 0.3 higher. In this sense, the friction coefficients of the metals are too close to one another. Thus, on The cylinder and the rotor result in a corresponding sliding friction, which creates the parabolic velocity distribution represents and thereby any solid-state mixture is prevented. The frictional activity of sticking friction, that is the coefficients of static friction are consistently greater than the coefficient of sliding friction.

Furthermore, the static friction increases slightly with increasing temperature, whereas such a relationship in the case of sliding friction is not given. According to the invention This coefficient of friction difference of 0.3 is achieved by a quartz glass sleeve 26 shown in FIG. In the boundary layer on the sleeve 26 is affected by both the very high viscosity coefficient and the

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cut decaying deformation stresses (Liaxwellian Relaxation time) in the sense of the borderline case of a "liquid with very high viscosity", the main turning point of the The speed distribution is shifted against the cylinder wall and there is a flow with the rotationally symmetrical ones Walls of the cylinder and rotor angularly offset axes, which the apparently-turbulent flow mean. These angularly offset axes are through the Thrust side of the logarithmic spiral profile in an optimal, almost always 90 ° measuring angle, whereby a pulsation-free, three-dimensional mixture of the solid agglomerates is produced.

The rotor 2 also has an unstable diverging diffuser 5 with a continuing rotationally symmetrical one Wave 6 on. The profile of this diffuser 5 is shown schematically in FIG. 3 and analytically in FIG. 8. The diverging unstable diffuser 5 has the shape of a transcendent curve with the hyperbolic function

e - e
y ^Ä Sin X - χ , which are divided into the six zones 5a, 5b,

5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, is divided {Fig. 3 and 8). The diameter increases in the direction of flow. It also has between the zones 5c and 5d, the profile of the diffuser on a V.'endekreis W, which the instability of the medium or. the turbulent flow ignites and which one at the same time

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Physical boundary layer is called the circle of indifference.

Subsequently to the rotationally symmetrical Shaft 6 (Fig. 1) a second, diverging, but stable diffuser 7 is attached, its extension in turn a rotationally symmetrical shaft 8 is. The stable Diffusoi * 7j its schematic profile in FIG. 4 and its analytical one 9, also has seven zones Ta, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7f and 7g. Of the The diameter of the diffuser 7 increases in the direction of the flow and describes in its analytical presentation the

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transcendent curve with the function y - (1 + J).

This function of the curve described above creates the stability of the medium or the laminar flow. On the stable diffuser 7 is a rotationally symmetrical, Shaft 8 shown in Fig. 1 attached.

The final extension of this wave 8 is a converging diffuser 10, which has the shape of a simple Has circular truncated cone. This diffuser 10 shown in Fig. 5 has an LSngsrille 9, which the The boundary layer of the medium rolls off. An additional diffuser 10a is provided in the zone of the diffuser 10.

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see, which is carried out by a continuous increase in the inner diameter of the cylinder 1. The diffuser 10a is produced with the longitudinal groove 9 provided in the diffuser 10 at the exit of the turbine an additional stabilization of the flow of the medium. 6 shows a section through the diffuser 10 of the rotor 2.

The cylinder 1 (Fig. 1) is roughened in the area of the turbulent flow generating unstable diffuser 5 and the subsequent rotationally symmetrical shaft 6 in a _# predetermined roughness.

Furthermore, the outer jacket of the cylinder 1 is provided with a thread. Rings 11 to 16 are screwed onto this cylinder 1 and a second cylinder 17 is opened the rings 11 to 16 inserted. These rings are distributed in such a way that they form the annular chambers 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 » In the area of the logarithmic spiral 4, the divergent, unstable diffuser 5, the subsequent rotationally symmetrical shaft 6, the diverging stable diffuser 7 and the shaft 8 and the converging diffuser 10 or 10a are each provided with an annular chamber 18 or 19, 20, 21, 22. Each chamber is equipped with a flow connection and a return connection for receiving and reproducing a fluid.

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to control the temperature of cylinder 1 section by section

By supplying thermal energy from the wall of the cylinder into the deforinable medium, a Temperature boundary layer formed. The dissipation, i.e. the conversion of the shear stress into Wfirjne, is within the Boundary layer of a flow at the largest »The thickness of the tem * - The value of the temperature boundary layer is the same as the thickness of the flow Girena layer. In the areas of the laminar Currents, the temperature boundary layer is determined by the direct action of molecular tenacity while im Areas of turbulent flow the temperature boundary layer by the withdrawal of energy, which the fluctuation or Secondary movement of the middle or main movement executes, is formed. That which is converted into heat by the swaying motion Energy i * f the turbulent dissipation.

The fluctuating movements superimposed on the main movement cause the mix. This gives rise to indirect effects which reduce the tensions of the turbulent Increase the flow as if its tenacity by many An order of magnitude would be increased »The way of milking as a physical boundary layer Ordinary quantity wij ^ d durcji this movement ratio determined (Frandtl-ZahX). The balls of turbulence

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progressively mix with the environment of the turbulent media and continuously form new balls of different sizes. It is very important that the dissipation of the energy takes place predominantly in the small turbulence balls, i.e. in the areas of the WahdnShe. This process is energetically similar to that of the formation of SphSrolites within the crystallization of the deformable media. Both the balls of turbulence and the SphSrolite have a significantly higher energy density than their surroundings. However, they need just as much energy to develop. For this reason, a continuous thermo-energetic conversion must be guaranteed. The mixing process, which takes place at the same time, is also a pure set of energy. The transition heat when the size of the turbulence balls changes is to be equated with the continuous thermodynamic turnover of the mass volumes. The tensions are mainly transmitted through the large turbulence balls, i.e., in contrast to energy dissipation, in the main movement or towards the center of the deformable medium. This comprehensive Iltchanism can be attributed to the fact that the frictional resistance and also the distribution of the mean speed within the turbulent flow, which energetically for the conversion of the deformable media are the main

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• does work to a very small extent from the Depend on Reynolds number

« This continuous transformation principle

The energy is according to the invention by the coupling of a variable temperature boundary layer realized with the thermodynamic-capacitive volume energy of the medium. Of the large loss angles of the essential deformable media and their also significant internal thermal resistance require the temperature boundary layer to interact with the turbulence Wall cannot be applied to the flow aloneThey are converted by the medium without the great turbulence * to reach balls or even to enable their formation. On the other hand, the radiation or energy losses would be in the external flow too high if there were no temperature boundary layer. This means that with the help of the Temperature boundary layer the loss angle and the dielectric constant of the medium and thus the flow on one certain value must be brought to a dissipation of the energy in the main and middle movement of the flow to be able to achieve. In addition, an excessively high value of the temperature boundary layer would lead to an immediate degradation of the

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Result in molecular chains.

When the deformable media are converted, the dielectric loss factor changes as a material constant in their values and increases linearly with the value of the temperature boundary layer »This increases the thermal resistance also molecularly restricted »The definable medium is then used as a dielectric at the same time a capacitive current, connected with an ohmic current component under alternating voltage, exposed. These two have current components

90 degree phase shift to each other and fHessen perpendicular to the flow. The dielectric constant of the medium is independent of the frequency. In contrast, the loss angle increases with increasing frequency. See this thermal molecular motion or Brown ^1. Movement is continuously accelerated in the direction of flow. The length of the particle trajectories becomes increasingly shorter in a kind of zigzag course and merge to form higher structures, i.e. the turbulence balls or spherulites. So this means the energetic mixture (BoItzmann constant). The merging of the particles reduces the volume of the deformable medium and a higher density is achieved. Both the laminar flow and the turbulent flow are involved in this process. this means

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According to the invention, the coupling of the laminar correlative with the turbulent autocorrelative boundary layer association in the molecular range.

With the increase in density of the medium by accelerating the potential of Brown's motion as Thermal energy of the molecules in the volume by the value of the thermodynamic-capacitive volume energy, the loss factor of the medium increases with an absolutely constant speed, but depending on the frequency and the intrinsic temperature in the medium, an · This results in a relation between the thermal acceleration of the quasi-turbulent flow and the turbulent · IHe quasi-turbulent temperature »boundary layer and the thermal energy of the quasi-turbulent flow are reduced by changing the loss factor up to a given limit value transferred · This limit value represents the thersjoenergetic indifference value, which the transition into the turbulent energy dissipation initiates “So it exists According to the invention, in addition to the dual current transition of the flow, there is also a double transition of the thermal energy. As a result of Pascal's Geechwindlgköits distribution of quasi-turbulent flow, the growth of the thermal energy takes place in the area of the quasi-turbulent flow

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tion in all molecular layers of the medium at one axis point Seen in the direction of flow, it has the same value, so correlative to the time, and this growth experiences a transition into the turbulent when the indifference value is reached Energy dissipation, with the thermal energy in areas of turbulent flow under the influence the turbulent swaying motion and * »main motion and the high energy of the turbulence balls dissipated, and although seen at an axis point in the direction of flow with increasing value at different times, i.e. autocorrelative. The frequency of energy input through the high frequency The alternating field remains constant over the entire process of the double transition of thermal energy.

The precursor of crystallization, the preservation the spherulite and the high-energy turbulence balls are made by the extraction of thermodynamic-capacitive Energy from the turbulent energy dissipation through the cooling of the wall and through pressure drop. The frequency of the HF alternating field is not shifted here.

Like the polymerization, so also proceed the polycondensation and the polyaddition according to the same principle of the double transition of thermal energy. the

" ²¹ " BAD ORIGINAL

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ir

Polycondensation, for example of the polyamides, runs over many molecules seen in the direction of flow, with fission elements in the form of water, alcohol or ammonia step out. Through the transition of the laminar, correlative growth of the thermal energy into the autocorrelative one Growth of the turbulent thermal energy dissipation and the subsequent stabilization through wall cooling and pressure drop, the polycondensation equilibrium is reached and then trimmed.

The polyaddition is also controlled by the double transition of the thermal energy. This is done in such a way that the migration of hydrogen to Continued formation of new main valence compounds is initiated by the correlative growth of the laminar thermal energy, so that the transition from the thermoenergetic indifference value to the autocorrelative turbulent energy dissipation takes place and finally within This turbulent energy dissipation is followed by hydration and elimination of water, whereupon finally by wall cooling and a drop in pressure, the addition via heteroatoms is terminated reactively.

Due to the double transition of the thermal energy, especially in the correlative, laminar teraperature

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Boundary layer changes and increases the inherently low conductivity of the deformable media without a breakdown of the molecular chains due to overloading already taking place in the boundary layer. This tendency to overload is all the more noticeable as the thermal conductivity decreases almost proportionally with the increase in the molecular weight of the deformable medium. The lower the thermal conductivity of the medium, the higher the thermal energy and the force of the shear stress required for its conversion. With the decrease in the conductivity of the medium, the ^{speed of propagation of the Brown 1} movement also decreases proportionally, hence the requirement of the thermal double transition. The laminar stabilization occurring at the exit of the turbine can be effected in one or two stages, with a one-stage stabilization by means of the converging diffuser 10 being sufficient within certain values of the molecular weight of the medium. In the extreme cases of high molecular weights, ie high shear stresses and high energy of the turbulent dissipation, a two-stage pressure relief is necessary. In this case, the initial point of this two-stage stabilization is peripheral, both on the rotor 2 and on the cylinder 1

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stored on top of each other. The diffuser provided on the rotor 2 10 forms with the longitudinal groove 9 the first level of stabilization, while through the one in the direction of flow increasing inner diameter of the cylinder 1 formed Diffuser 10a the second stage of stabilization is formed.

The pressure relief generated by the converging diffusers 10 and 10a while maintaining the size the turbulence ball and the number of spheroidal fires simultaneously with the cooling of the wall, i.e. with the extraction of thermal energy from the medium into the wall. This thermodynamic process has a strong stabilizing effect. The supply of the thermodynamic-capacitive volume energy, i.e. the capacitive and ohmic currents of certain Frequency from an alternator »is carried out via the capacitive ground of rotor 2 and the capacitive potential of the cylinder 1. Here, the rotor 2 has a sliding contact 23 and the cylinder 1 has a clamp connection 24. This terminal connection 24 and the sliding contact 23 are connected to an HF generator 25, and that of the cylinder 1 and the rotor 2 B led power of a selected one Frequency, for example between 13.6 or 27 MHz, is immediately after the approach of the logarithmic spiral

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insulated by means of a lossless end shield, for example made of ceramic. In the area of the logarithmic spiral 4 of the rotor 2, a sleeve 26 made of quartz glass is pressed into the cylinder 1.

The turbine described above works as follows:

The defonatable medium to be processed becomes fed through the filling point 3 and from the logarithmic spiral 4 in the direction of the diffuser 5 apparently- or promoted quasi-turbulent. In the area of the turning circle provided on the unstable, diverging diffuser W becomes the quasi-turbulent flow of the medium into a turbulent flow overturned. The area of the logarithmic spiral transfers the apparently turbulent temperature boundary layer with the correlative thermal energy to the medium, which is transformed into the turbulent one in the diffuser 5 and the subsequent rotationally symmetrical wave 6 Energy dissipation with autocorrelative increase in intensity converts. With the presence of the roughened zone in the cylinder 1 in the area of the diffuser 5 and the shaft 6 the unstable, turbulent flow condition also fanned at the cylinder. In the zone of the stable diffuser 7 is the turbulent flow is stabilized and by cooling the wall while maintaining the frequency, the intensity of the turbu-

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Lenten energy depletion is withdrawn, so that the laminar flow condition occurs. The longitudinal groove 9 provided in the diffuser 10 enables the boundary layer to roll off and thus prevents the separation of the laminar flow and the diffuser 10a formed in the cylinder 1 generates a extended pressure relief! which leads to an additional stabilization of the medium. So the medium lets them pass Turbine in a stabilized! laminar flow with high density or * crystallinity and with aligned energy centers or mass balls

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Claims (1)

Claims t IJ Process for the conversion and mixing of deformable media on the basis of the double-flow transition and the transition of the thermal apparently turbulent energy into the turbulent energy dissipation, characterized in that the deformable medium is • ne apparently turbulent rotary motion is displaced and at the same time an increasing temperature boundary layer with layer-like value is generated, whereupon a turbulent rotary movement of the due to an increase in pressure Medium is brought about with a turbulent thermal energy distribution, and after the turbulent Conversion and mixing the regression through a stabilizing constant pressure while throttling the turbulent Energy distribution takes place through wall cooling in a laminar flow of the medium, followed by a Pressure drop a final stabilization of the deformable medium is generated. 2, method according to claim 1, characterized in that a temperature in the deformable medium at the same time - 33 - 109808/1681 temperature boundary layer and a thermal volume energy is generated, whereupon the loss factor of the medium means the flow angles widening in the apparently turbulent flow direction, seen perpendicular to the flow is increased at the same time, and that then in the medium this heat movement in a spatially fluctuating, all-round, At a point perpendicular to the direction of flow, temporally different, increasing thermal energy is transferred will. 3, method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that in the apparently turbulent flow the two directional axes of the thermal energy pulse are rotated by 180 as seen in relation to the direction of flow and that these axes are moved two-dimensionally in the direction of flow. 4. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the directional axes of the thermal energy pulse of one in the turbulent flow Point in the boundary layer and a point in the mean main movement of the medium and three-dimensional in be branched off from the current. - 34 - 109808/1681 5. The method according to claim I _1, characterized in that the deformable medium is simultaneously exposed to static half-friction and dynamic sliding friction by the coefficient of friction of adhesive friction compared to the coefficient of sliding friction by at least the coefficient 0.3 is greater, whereby the velocity distributions of the flow layers form different angles to the perpendicular of the flow axis and to the flow axis itself and these layers move in two dimensions in an apparently turbulent manner. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the velocity distributions of the apparently turbulent Layers result in a plane curve of the 3rd order with inflection points 7. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that that the axial lung of the turbulent mixing path by the value of the increase in the loss factor of the Kedium3, which increases at the rate of thickness is coupled to the apparently turbulent temperature boundary layer. - 35 - 109808/1611 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbulent flow is excited by a roughness enhancement. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ultimate stabilization of the medium by the rolling of the boundary layer is produced 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the beginning apparently turbulent rotary movement by means of a medium demanding, parabolic flee with vanishing curvature will. 11. The method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the apparently turbulent rotary movement that begins by means of a medium conveying, conical surface is created 12. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4 _r, characterized in that the temperature of the boundary layer of the deformable medium is regulated in sections for each of the different flows in the corresponding zones and thus the boundary layer thickness can be determined. - 36 - 109808/1681 J3. Turbine to carry out the process according to 1 and 2, which has a rotor rotating in a cylinder, characterized in that the rotor has a unstable diverging diffuser with continuing rotationally symmetrical wave, to which a stable, diverging diffuser is connected to it The extension is in turn a rotationally symmetrical wave, whereupon a converging diffuser closes. 14. Turbine according to claim 13, characterized in that the rotor in the collecting area of the medium a ^ in in the direction of flow in front of the unstable diverging diffuser, has a logarithmic spiral j where this spiral on the thrust side has a parabolic cross-section as a transcendent curve, the course of which results in a vanishing curvature. 15. Turbine according to claim 13, characterized in that that the rotor in the catchment area of the medium has an unstable, divergent one in the direction of flow in front of the unstable Has diffuser attached circular truncated cone. 16. Turbine according to one of claims 14 to 15, characterized in that the unstable diverging - 37 - 109808/1681 JU £ footuivin several zones, the diameter of each zone increasing in the direction of flow, and where the profile of a preselected zone has a turning circle has, which stimulates the instability of the medium or the turbulent flow. 17. Turbine according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the stable diffuser is divided into several zones, the diameter of each zone increasing continuously in the direction of flow, whereby the stability of the medium or the laminar flow is derived. 18. Turbine according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the converging diffuser, the diameter of which decreases in the direction of flow, has a longitudinal groove which allows the boundary layer to roll off generated. 19. Turbine according to one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the cylinder in the area of the the diffuser generating the turbulent flow and the subsequent rotationally symmetrical wave is roughened to a certain degree. - 38 - 109808/1681 20. Turbine according to one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that for heating or cooling the In the cylinder flowing medium, annular chambers are provided for receiving a fluid. 21. Turbine according to claim 20, characterized in that in the region of the logarithmic spiral, the unstable Diffuser with the adjoining wave, the stable diffuser and the converging diffuser each one Chamber is provided. 22. Turbine according to claims 13 and 18, characterized characterized in that in the zone of the converging diffuser an additional conv, rgierenden diffuser güb det is, with this additional diffuser du »ch one in jer Direction of flow formed expansion of the inner diameter of the cylinder is carried out. 23. Turbine according to one of claims 13 to 22, characterized in that the cylinder with a terminal connection and the rotor is equipped at its bearing end with a sliding contact as a connection to the HF generator will. - 39 109808/1681 24. Turbine according to one of claims 13 to 23, characterized in that there is a quartz glass sleeve pressed into the cylinder in the zone of the logarithmic spiral. -40 - 109808/1681