DE1751226C - Gas turbine plant heated by nuclear power or fossil fuels - Google Patents

Description

45

The invention relates to a gas turbine system that is heated by nuclear power or fossil fuels from heat source. Gas turbine, recuperative heat exchanger. Cooler and several compressors, two of which as partial flow compressors on different Temperalurstiifen on the high pressure side of the recuperative heat exchanger are connected and a partial flow converter of its own Drive turbine is driven. Such a system is known from French patent specification 1,501,934. There the HuuptUirbine and the Türbine of a partial compressor normally flows through in series from the working gas, so that for both the same mass throughput is present. Only the drive turbine of the partial compressor can also be used alone be applied. But then the gas turbine system cannot emit any energy.

In contrast, the aim of the invention is to improve the controllability of the energy output while maintaining a good level of efficiency and with little additional structural effort. According to the invention isi provided that the partial flow compressor with the highest Lndtemperatur from a ¹ · own power turbine is driven. which is located in a secondary stream to the main turbine. In this way, with a simple design, an automatic control is made possible, since the part-load compressor with the highest air temperature can be shut down without affecting the operations of the other gas turbine with which the energy to be output is generated.

Further details of the invention emerge from the inter-claims and are subsequently a .. Hand of the drawing explained. Therein / own FIGS. I to 4 different circuit examples, in which matching components can be seen with the same prefix \.

The Fig. I / eigt a circuit example for a natriumbehei / ie CO., gas turbine plant with partial flow and precompression. The actual heat source is sodium (not shown) cooled nuclear reactor plant. With the help of the heat exchanger K) is generated in the reactor process Transferring heat to the gas circuit, the corresponding temperatures and pressure conditions are shown at the respective points of the circuit. The heated in the heat exchanger 10 Gassirom with a temperature of 500 C and a pressure of 3 (K! Ata comes through two valves 30 and 31 in two parts 13 and 14. The turbine 14 is the main turbine and is used to drive the compressors IC »and 18 and of the power generator 15. The auxiliary turbine 13 drives the compressor 17. After a relaxation of the working gas at 57 ata in the turbines 13 and 14, the same arrives at a temperature of 320 ° C to the recuperative heat exchanger i9, gives its residual heat there from the coolant flowing back to the heat exchanger 10 and arrives at a temperature from 85 ° C to the cooler 22. After cooling to 35 ° C it reaches that of the main turbine 14 driven pre-compressor 16. Behind the same, about 30 "η of the working medium are branched off and led to a first partial flow compressor 17, while the other partial flow of 70 "0 reaches the compressor 18 via a further cooler 21. The working medium leaving the compressor 18 flows through a non-return valve 33 through the coils 20 of the recuperative heat exchange rs 19. The inlet temperature is 65Γ C. The partial flow coming from the compressor 17 has, since it has not passed through the second cooler 21, a higher temperature, namely 190 ° C. and is fed to the high pressure coils 20 after passing through the non-return valve 32. In the In the upper half of this package, both partial flows are combined again to form the total labor flow and reach the heat exchanger at a temperature of 273 ° C and a pressure of 305 ata 10 back.

For this described case of normal operation, the valves 37 and 36 are closed, the valves 30, 31, 32nd and 33 open however. In the event that a turbine emergency shutdown is required the bypass valve 36 is oiled. If part load is to be run, the auxiliary turbine can be closed by closing of the valve 30 are switched off. For restarting, the valves 30 and 37 are regulated

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völfnet. wherein the valve 37 as iKi of the Hdlskühler 23 prevents an impermissible temperature -icigerimg during the Aiilalirens. ..-. what einiachere Sclialiimj; is in l · i ». 2 in this this was on the Vor \ erdi "chiei 16?,: I cooler 22 ver / .iehtei. Here, too, there is υ a sodium behei / ie ((), -] urhinenaiilaue. .Division into l'eilströnie takes place before the υ! the cooler 21. 3f | "" arrive via d.is \? and the compressor 17 via the back io ntii 32 with an ä'empeiatm voi, 1 *) 7 ('ϋϋΐΐ'.ί / in the pipe coil npakci 20 des Reku- .. .iinii lansdiers 19. The grölvre iei! des;]; u! _: , flows through ucn cooler 21 and tie ■ ,, ι. .'ier! ei'ü -.- temperature of .ν ^Λ ι C as well as einiTi 15 ■■. ■ ''; ^! 'ii ata .CiPi \ eidichier 18 and from there - ..; a pressure Vo ₁ -, 310 at and öS (/ um lower.; e- RoiMsclilaiig.eiipak.jf. 2t). The inside • iisehlana.enpak.cis 20 again cleaned parts! ; i;.:.. sciiei 10 back for heschnebc- here ■ - '■ uialhetrieb, the valves 35. 32 are accordingly -ie.iifuet ü whereas let / .leies for example, be controlled, the valves 34. 36 and 38 are against ge -.- ' ι

In turn, the partial disconnector 17 and the drive turbine 13 can be switched off by the valve 30 if a locally occurring increase in the recuperative use temperature on the perforation pressure side is prevented . In this case, the valves id 32 are also closed. For restarting the partial compressor 17, the valves 38, 35 and 30 are suitable in a controlled manner, with the cooler 21 taking over the function of the auxiliary cooler 23 shown in FIG. . start-rule again described for the Normalbetricb Vcnlilstcllungen. As in Fi ^. 1, the bypass valve 36 is entirely open to the Schnellschiuß.

In contrast to the examples mentioned above, FIG. 3 shows a circuit in which a nuclear reactor is used as a direct heat source for the gas turbine cycle. The working fluid of the gas turbine is therefore also the coolant for the nuclear reactor: on a separate primary circuit, e.g. B. with sodium is warped here. Liier the coolant heated in the nuclear reactor does not go directly to the turbine, but first flows through the recuperative worm exchanger 19, the expansion of the working fluid in a turbine 14 takes place before the coolant enters the reactor 11 Maximum pressure is applied to the system. In addition, the division of the working medium flow after leaving the recuperative heat exchanger is also provided here. 25 ^fl .'u reach the partial flow compressor 17. "75", 'o via the cooler 21 to the compressor

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and 32 geöliiiei. the valves 36 and 3-! .closed. Fin Ί eilastbetiieb is the 1 eilsii, iiverdichiti switched off again, liir is used to restart a mixed cooling üa valve 35 partially closed and the valve 36 opened. The bypass valve 34 as well. the valve 30 are oiled approximately in the same direction. Make Frreiehunii the I luidieh number of the turbine 13, valve 34 is closed again and the Vcniilziisiaiui described at the beginning for normal operation restored, so that the lcihirom gclördertc by the compressor 17 in the recuperation ram w; innetauscliei can occur.

there another Schaltunü-hci-pie! for those who are in a hurry Ver-.veudung ties Arbcil-ga-cs as reactor coolant crtiibt see if one deviates from Fi g. 3 After the reactor there is a short tension in the turbine applies. This is a bigger one I einperat'.irdilleren / at the reactor -'wischen l-inirit! and exit, line i n. 4 show! such a direct one !! > Circle with / white running egg tension. Vorverdicbtunu and ! eilhtrviui \ e; dichmna in the TS diagram.

F i li. 5 shows how such a gas turbine system can be switched with a fossil-heated heat source. The furnace is designated by 12 . In the heat exchanger 121 , the heat will project over the (iaslurbmenkreislaui). The heat exchanger 122 in the hot gas chamber serves to preheat the air for the furnace 12. The same purpose is served by an air preheater 123 connected in series working gas flowing through it. the circuit is exactly the same for the rest as in the previous examples, only is of Figures ^1.

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Recuperative heat exchanger 19 on the low pressure side at /; branched off 'leilstrom of about 15 ¹¹ O with Einein pressure of 92 ata and 120 ^C; J passed over the air preheater 123 and introduced into the cooler 21 again at 50 ° C. at point h . In this circuit, the start-up valves, etc. are omitted for the sake of simplicity.

The intake temperature of the Nebenstrornverdichtcrs need not, exactly the (Ό -. Correspond to the cooler temperature at the transition from the recuperator, it may also be lowered as such by operating the g i in F 1 recognizable Mischschaliung about 45 valves 35 and 36.. In such a case, the required speed of the bypass compressor drops and the overall efficiency drops somewhat.

Of course, Ken π actuators can also be used as heat sources, the other coolant than sodium, such as B. helium or CO., Use. The gas cooling comes z. B. at fast Breeders, graphite-moderated or scnwcrvvass-moderated Nuclear reactors in question.

In the example of the TS diagram in Fig. 2b is the recuperator outlet temperature - see point 9 in the diagram - so low that their distance to final temperature - point 7 - the secondary flow compression is only moderate or small. This applies ter 17. / Wo tiDcr aen r-uiuci «i /, around ν ν. · V <..........., .. there in particular because the pressure ratio in the

The supply line in the snake bundle 20 of the turbine has been enlarged somewhat compared to FIG. After leaving this point 7 increases. In this case, a tap heat exchange can be carried out. The working fluid can be dispensed with by using the re-kupeiaüvwärmetausehers who-pressure of 3 (10 at and ■ ', ner temperature of 43 (TC den, what from the technical and financial status to the turbines 14 and 13 and after the through-C5 point out is advantageous. It is sufficient to run the partial currents of the same with a pressure of 120 atm and simply to mix and with the mixing temperature 8,334 ° C as a coolant back to the nuclear reactor. ¹ it / .er. I.e. the primary-secondary heat

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Another interesting application of the indirect COo turbine process results in a helium-cooled high-temperature reactor with, for example 750 ° C exit temperature. There you can use the primary-Sckundärwärmetauschcr with a

run relatively very small heating area if mat is satisfied with a temperature of 590 ° C at the CO., - turbine. At this temperature dei delivers CO., - Turbine process similar to FIG. 2 a power plant net efficiency of more than 40 ° ό.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (6)

Patent claims: 1. Through nuclear power or fossil fuel gas turbine systems, consisting of a heat source, gas turbine, recuperative heat exchanger. Cooler and several compressors, two of which are connected as partial flow compressors on different I empeiaturstulen on the high pressure side of the Rekuperauvwämu.tauschers and one partial flow compressor is driven by its own drive, since ι] urc Ii geke η η ζ j tc Ii net. that the "IViI -stioimerdichier" (17) with the highest end temperature \ on is driven by its own drive turbine (13), which is in a network path to the main building (14). 2. Gas turbine plant according to claim I. da identified / eichnet by. that both partial flow compressors (17, 18) with approximately the same suction pressure work. 3. Gas turbine plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized / calibrated. that the suction point for the one '_; I eilsirom compressor (17) before and for the other (18) after a cooler (21). 4. Gas turbine plant according to claim 1. 2 or 3, characterized in that as a heat source a VO'T work equipment directly cooled Nuclear reactor is provided. 'each learn a basic level of performance vor- and nacluicschallet is. 5. Gas turbine plant according to claim 1. 2 or 3. thereby marked / calibrated. that as a heat source a fossil-fueled boiler system (12) is used, whereby the residual heat of the working gas circuit is used at least partially for air preheating (1 23) (FIG. 5). 6. Gas turbine plant according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a partial load control via the partial flow compressor (17) and the intake temperature of the main compressor (16) is provided.